EP0259755B1 - Boulon d'ancrage de roche - Google Patents

Boulon d'ancrage de roche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0259755B1
EP0259755B1 EP87112726A EP87112726A EP0259755B1 EP 0259755 B1 EP0259755 B1 EP 0259755B1 EP 87112726 A EP87112726 A EP 87112726A EP 87112726 A EP87112726 A EP 87112726A EP 0259755 B1 EP0259755 B1 EP 0259755B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill rod
drill bit
drill
bores
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87112726A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0259755A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Gruber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GD-ANKER GmbH
Original Assignee
GD-ANKER GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GD-ANKER GmbH filed Critical GD-ANKER GmbH
Priority to AT87112726T priority Critical patent/ATE66719T1/de
Publication of EP0259755A1 publication Critical patent/EP0259755A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0259755B1 publication Critical patent/EP0259755B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0053—Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rock bolt according to the preambles of claims 1 and 3 respectively.
  • a drill for dry drilling to be used at the same time as a rock anchor is known, the drill rod of which is provided with a central longitudinal bore from which cross bores are branched, in a uniform distribution over their entire length.
  • the axes of the bores extend from the longitudinal bore mentioned at angles to a cross-sectional plane in the direction of the bottom of the borehole.
  • the outside of the boring bar is provided with a helical surface structure, which is formed by a welded or soldered wire or the like, for example forged beads.
  • the above-mentioned cross holes serve to suck up rock dust, which is developed during a drilling phase in the area of the drill bit and is discharged via the central longitudinal hole.
  • a further rock anchor which can also be used as a boring bar, which consists of a tubular base body tapering tapered towards the bottom of the borehole, outlet openings for the anchoring of the rock anchor in said conical part forming a drill head curable synthetic resin serving on the borehole wall are arranged.
  • the synthetic resin is located in a capsule within the base body mentioned.
  • the essential feature of the conical drill head is that it is not larger in diameter than the base body.
  • the drill head only carries cutting edges which protrude beyond the radius of the base body, so that an annular space results between the outer surface of the base body and the borehole wall during the drilling process.
  • a piston which can be pressed into the base body from the outside, the synthetic resin in the capsule is pressed out through the bores in the area of the drill head and transferred into the annular space for the purpose of anchoring the rock bolt.
  • the rock bolt is provided with outlet openings only in its front region, ie the region adjacent to the drill bit. These are the openings in the circumferential area of the drill rod on the one hand and the central axial flushing bore of the drill bit on the other. This ensures that not only reliable cooling of the drill bit, but also rapid washing away of the cuttings removed by the drilling takes place during use as drill pipe and flows out of the drill hole on the outside of the drill rod. Adequate washing away of cuttings therefore takes place even if the central flushing hole of the drill bit is at least temporarily blocked. Since the drill bit usually has a larger diameter than the rest of the drill rod, there is sufficient annular space available in the borehole for the suspension containing the cuttings to flow back.
  • anchor mortar is pressed into the borehole through its interior.
  • This mortar emerges mainly through the circumferential holes in the front area of the drill anchor.
  • the advantageous effects achieved by the arrangement according to the invention of the bores located in the front region of the drilling or rock bolt consist essentially in the fact that the borehole is always filled with mortar proceeding from the borehole bottom - progressively towards the mouth of the borehole - which during the Flowing back along the outside of the boring bar also in the Fills the cavities of the surrounding mountains in the borehole wall.
  • the mortar must therefore be present at the outlet of the bore mentioned with a pressure which is sufficient to overcome the flow resistances present on the return flow path along the outside of the drill rod.
  • the front area of the boring bar within which the bores mentioned are arranged in a uniform distribution, is to be understood here as an area that extends from the drill bit over a distance of at most 20 cm.
  • Due to the plate-like, ie axially short, design of the drill bit the flow resistance which arises when the flow flows around it is kept low for the flushing liquid loaded with cuttings. By ensuring a continuous flow around the drill bit in this way during the drilling process, it is simultaneously contributed to effective cooling thereof. It is also achieved by the plate-like design that the drill anchor is held in the borehole during injection.
  • the circumferential shaping of the drill bit further improves the flow conditions and thus also the possibility of removing the cuttings and the heat developed.
  • the flow velocity within the tubular base body practically corresponds to that in the bores in the front region of the boring bar.
  • the cross-section of the inner cross section of the boring bar can exist either only with the bores of the boring bar, but in principle also with all bores in the front area thereof, ie including the central flushing bore of the drill bit.
  • the object set is also achieved in a generic rock anchor by the features of the characterizing part of claim 3.
  • the boring bar is formed by a thick-walled tube provided with bores in the circumferential area, at one end of which there is a boring head and at the other end of which there is a threaded section which serves to couple a drive unit for the boring process or coupling sleeves for extension bars.
  • the pipe attached within the boring bar at a distance from its inner walls is used to guide a rinsing liquid which is used in the area of the downhole tool or the drill bit.
  • the said pipe also serves at the same time for conveying an anchor mortar suspension which has to be introduced under pressure into the mountain area delimiting the borehole.
  • the outlet opening of the said tube is located at a short distance from the axial flushing bore of the drill bit.
  • the substances introduced initially emerge via the flushing hole in the drill bit and fill the surrounding mountain area.
  • the said pipe is arranged in the drill rod at a distance from the drill bit, the mortar suspension flows back inside the drill rod as soon as the cavity determining the head part of the borehole has been largely filled. This backflow of the mortar suspension has As a result, - starting with the holes arranged adjacent to the drill bit - the mortar suspension increasingly emerges laterally in the casing of the base body, until the entire cavity that can be defined by the borehole is filled.
  • the main idea of the invention is based on the fact that in a first phase of applying the mortar, it predominantly or exclusively in the area of the drilling tool, for example via the rinsing holes, and that in a second phase the mortar suspension emerges via the holes in the casing of the boring bar, starting at the beginning with the area adjacent to the drill bit and progressing up to the thread section mentioned.
  • the outlet opening of the pipe arranged within the boring bar must be spatially arranged and dimensioned with respect to the drilling holes in the drill bit so that the mortar suspension emerging from the pipe is mainly carried further into the drilling hole.
  • flushing fluid guided in the pipe also emerges from conventional boring bars, mainly via the flushing hole in the area of the drill head, thereby exerting a cooling effect and simultaneously absorbing the cuttings developed during the drilling process and on the outside of the boring bar washed away.
  • the features of claim 5 have the advantage that after the process of applying anchor mortar is finished, said pipe practically as Check valve functions, which prevents mortar from escaping from the base body.
  • the tube can be made of a suitable plastic, but in principle a metal can also be used.
  • the round thread Due to the round thread extending on the outside over the entire length of the boring bar, a certain entrainment effect is exerted on the suspension which is being conveyed out of the borehole and is loaded with cuttings during drilling over the entire lateral surface of the boring bar. In particular, if larger particles are contained in the suspension, this will counteract the formation of blockages.
  • the round thread preferably used here also brings about, in a manner known per se, an improvement in the bonding effect between the hardening cement mortar on the one hand and the boring bar on the other hand. In any case, it is a relatively coarse thread, which should be manufactured without cutting, for example by rolling, rolling or the like, in view of the strength of the boring bar.
  • the features of claim 9 have the advantage that during the drilling process the holes made in the casing of the boring bar cannot become clogged with the washed-up cuttings.
  • Fig. 1 in Fig. 1 denotes a boring bar, at one end of which there is a drill bit 2.
  • the drill bit 2 is welded to the boring bar 1.
  • the boring bar 1 is provided on the outside over its entire length with an approximate round thread 3 which, starting from the tubular base body of the boring bar 1, is preferably produced by non-cutting shaping, namely by rolling or rolling.
  • a central axial bore 4 runs inside the boring bar 1, which is continued within the drill bit 2 in a likewise axially extending flushing bore 5.
  • the bore 4 has an inside diameter of preferably at least 15 mm.
  • the boring bar 1 in the rest, in the area adjacent to the drill bit 2, circumferentially provided with bores 6 extending transversely to the longitudinal axis, the axes of which - starting from the interior of the axial bore 4, run at an angle to cross-sectional planes, in the direction from the Drill bit 2 continues.
  • the bores 6 are moreover evenly distributed over the circumference of the boring bar 1, the above-mentioned front area of the boring bar being understood to mean an area which, starting from the drill bit 2, extends over a length of preferably at most 20 cm.
  • the bores and the flushing bore 5 are dimensioned such that the sum of their flow cross-sections corresponds approximately to the flow cross-section of the axial bore 4.
  • the round thread 3 is used in a manner known per se for coupling a hammer drill or other drive unit for the boring bar 1 and can be extended with the interposition of corresponding sleeves, not shown in the drawing, preferably using such boring bars, which are also on the outside over their entire length Length a Wear round thread 3 corresponding thread.
  • the drill bit 2 shown enlarged in different views in FIGS. 2 and 3, consists of a plate-like base body 7 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown here, has an approximately square shape, but the sides of which are provided with indentations 8 in the form of circular sections. These indentations 8 are otherwise dimensioned such that their deepest points just touch an outer circle circumscribing the round thread 3. The importance of this training will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the base body 7 carries on its outside, i.e. on the side facing the respective borehole bottom, a star-shaped arrangement of prism-like projections 9, the edges 10 of which extend in the direction of the corners of the square base body 7 and form cutting edges for the drilling process.
  • These projections 9 are formed around the lateral boundary edges of the base body and end at a short distance from the point at which the boring bar 1 is welded on.
  • the cutting edges that can be defined in this way are therefore effective not only in the end area but also in the peripheral area.
  • the edges 10 end in the central region of the base body in beveled surfaces 11 which are inclined in the direction of the mouth opening of the flushing bore 5.
  • drill bit 2 in particular the base body 7, with regard to its axial, i.e. extending in the direction of arrows 12 as short as possible.
  • the device explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 represents a rock bolt which is also used as a boring bar. Its practical handling is as follows are briefly explained: This device is initially used like a boring bar, ie a drive unit is coupled to the round thread 3, a flushing liquid being pumped through the axial bore 4 during drilling. The cuttings developed in the area of the drill bit 2 are taken up via the liquid stream emerging from the flushing bore 5 and conveyed out of the borehole on the outside of the drill rod 1. Since the drill bit 2, which has a larger outer diameter than the drill rod 1, is provided on the circumference with indentations 8, a slight wash-off of the developed cuttings into the areas behind the drill bit 2 is made possible.
  • the small axial length of the drill bit 2 also contributes to the flow-guiding of this suspension containing the cuttings.
  • the above-mentioned cross-sectional dimensioning of the bores 6 in connection with the rinsing bore 5 also ensures a uniform flow of the rinsing agent. Since the axes of the bores 6 are directed backwards, ie away from the drill bit, the flow of flushing agent which emerges here supports the washing away of the cuttings in the direction of the mouth of the borehole. Due to the round thread 3 extending over the entire length of the boring bar 1, there is also a conveying effect on the cuttings, whereby larger particles in particular are reliably detected and the formation of blockages is counteracted.
  • the drill rod of a further exemplary embodiment is designated by 13 in FIG. 4, at one end of which there is a drill bit 14.
  • the drill bit 14 can be welded, screwed or directly pressed onto the boring bar 13.
  • the end of the drill rod 13 facing away from the drill bit 14 is provided on the outside with a coarse left-handed round thread 15, by means of which a rotary hammer or another drive unit for the drill rod 13 can be coupled in a manner known per se. With the interposition of corresponding sleeves (not shown in the drawing), further boring bars 13 can also be connected via the round thread 15 for the purpose of extension.
  • the drill bit 14 is provided in a manner known per se with a central bore 16, which is used to guide rinsing liquid.
  • the bore 16 merges into the drill rod 13 on the inside of the drill bit 14 via a funnel-like extension 17.
  • the clamping piece 18 which is inserted into the drill rod 13, for example screwed.
  • the clamping piece 18, which is made of metal, for example, is used to fix a tube 20, which extends coaxially to the interior 19 in the boring bar 13 and whose outlet opening is arranged in the region of the funnel-like extension 17 of the drill bit 14.
  • the tube 20 can consist of a rigid plastic, but also of metal and is dimensioned such that it takes up about a quarter to a half of the cross-sectional area of the interior of the drill rod 13.
  • the tube 20 is inserted sealingly in the clamping piece 18, the connection between the clamping piece 18 and the inner wall of the boring bar 13 also being designed to be sealing.
  • the clear cross section of the tube 20 is smaller than that of the bore 16.
  • FIG. 5 The latter point of view is explained in FIG. 5, in which 22, 23 denote the projections of the axes of two bores 21 (FIG. 4) and 24 the direction of rotation of the boring bar 13 during the boring process.
  • the device explained with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 represents a boring bar with a drill bit and at the same time a rock bolt. Its practical handling is described below briefly explained: The device is initially used as a boring bar, ie a rotary hammer or other drive unit is coupled via the round thread 15, with rinsing liquid being pumped through the central tube 20 during drilling, which receives the cuttings developed on the bore 16 in the drill bit 14 and conveyed out of the borehole on the outside of the drill rod 13.
  • the mouth of the tube 20 in the area of the drill bit 14 is arranged such that the flushing liquid escaping is pressed directly through the drill bit at high pressure and only a small proportion remains in the interior 19.
  • This guidance of the rinsing liquid is achieved by a small distance between the mouth of the tube 20 and the bore 16 on the one hand and by the cross-sectional dimensions of the tube 20 on the one hand and the bore 16 on the other hand. Due to the above-described angular orientations of the bores 21, both in radial and in axial planes, it is prevented that cuttings get stuck in these bores 21 during the boring process and possibly penetrate into the interior 19.
  • the above-mentioned drive unit or the hammer drill is separated from the round thread by reversing the direction of rotation, and it is then screwed over the pipe 20 under a corresponding coupling piece high pressure an anchor mortar suspension introduced into the boring bar 13. This suspension emerges in the area of extension 17 Tube 20 and passes through the bore 16 of the drill bit 14 into the surrounding mountain area, which is completely filled.
  • the suspension flows in the interior 19 surrounding the tube 20 in a ring-like manner and passes through the bores 21, starting with the foremost in the axial direction , ie the drill bit 14 closest holes 21 also from.
  • the entire mountain area surrounding the drill rod 13 is continuously filled in this way by the suspension flowing further backwards in the interior mentioned, so that the entire length of the drill rod is finally embedded in the suspension mentioned.
  • this acts as a non-return valve, in particular when the tube 20 is made of an elastic material, for example plastic, which prevents the suspension from flowing out to the rear.
  • the round thread 15 now protruding from the borehole can then be braced against the rock by means of an anchor plate (not shown in the drawing) and a screwed-on nut after the mortar has hardened.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Boulon d'ancrage de roche comprenant une tige de forage (1) pourvue d'un filet (3) et de trous radiaux (6), la tige portant à son extrémité une couronne de forage (2) qui dépasse latéralement par rapport au filet (3), caractérisé en ce que :
    - le filet (3 ; 15) est formé sur toute la longueur de la tige de forage (1) à l'extérieur sous la forme d'un filet rond,
    - les trous (6) sont disposés exclusivement dans une portion de la tige de forage voisine de la couronne de forage (2),
    - les trous (6) traversent la paroi de la tige de forage (1) en faisant un certain angle avec des plans transversaux et s'étendent de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur dans le sens inverse du sens de rotation du forage (24),
    - la couronne de forage (2) es t en forme de plaque, c'est-à-dire courte dans le sens axial, et est pourvue d'un trou traversant (5) dans le sens axial, et, du côté du fond du trou foré, de saillies (9) formant des arêtes coupantes (10), ladite couronne présentant sur sa circonférence des retraits (8) pour l'amélioration de l'écoulement d'un fluide de lavage sortant du trou (5) et étant reliée de manière inamovible à la tige de forage (1).
  2. Boulon d'ancrage de roche selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la section totale de tous les trous (6) correspond au moins à la section intérieure de la tige de forage (1).
  3. Boulon d'ancrage de roche comprenant une tige de forage (1) pourvue d'un filet (5) et de trous sur sa circonférence (21), ladite tige portant à une extrémité une couronne de forage (14) qui dépasse latéralement du filet (15) de la tige de forage (1), caractérisé en ce que:
    - a l'intérieur de la tige de forage (1) est disposé un tube (20) espacé des parois intérieures de la tige,
    - la couronne de forage (14) est munie dans le sens axial d'un trou traversant (16),
    - l'ouverture de sortie du tube (20) se trouve à faible distance du trou axial (16) de la couronne de forage (14), et
    - le tube (20) est par ailleurs introduit de manière étanche dans la tige de forage (1).
  4. Boulon d'ancrage de roche selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le tube (20) est maintenu de façon étanche dans un dispositif de serrage (18) introduit de manière étanche à une extrémité de la tige de forage.
  5. Boulon d'ancrage de roche selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le tube (20) est réalisé en un matériau élastique, par exemple une matière plastique.
  6. Boulon d'ancrage de roche selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la section d'écoulement du tube (20) est inférieure à celle du trou axial (16).
  7. Boulon d'ancrage de roche selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la section totale du tube est d'environ 25 à 50 % de la section totale de l'espace intérieur (19) de la tige de forage (1).
  8. Boulon d'ancrage de roche selon l'une des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les trous (21) dans l'enveloppe de la tige de forage (1) font un certain angle par rapport à des plans transversaux, et s'étendent de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur dans le sens inverse du sens de rotation du forage (24).
  9. Boulon d'ancrage de roche selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les trous (6, 21) dans l'enveloppe de la tige de forage (1),font un certain angle par rapport à l'axe de celle-ci et s'étendent de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur de la couronne de forage (2, 14).
EP87112726A 1986-09-10 1987-09-01 Boulon d'ancrage de roche Expired - Lifetime EP0259755B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87112726T ATE66719T1 (de) 1986-09-10 1987-09-01 Gebirgsanker.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3630832 1986-09-10
DE3630832 1986-09-10
DE19873724165 DE3724165A1 (de) 1986-09-10 1987-07-22 Gebirgsanker
DE3724165 1987-07-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0259755A1 EP0259755A1 (fr) 1988-03-16
EP0259755B1 true EP0259755B1 (fr) 1991-08-28

Family

ID=25847383

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87112726A Expired - Lifetime EP0259755B1 (fr) 1986-09-10 1987-09-01 Boulon d'ancrage de roche

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4946314A (fr)
EP (1) EP0259755B1 (fr)
JP (2) JPH01500680A (fr)
AU (1) AU598048B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1295155C (fr)
DE (1) DE3724165A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2023861B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988002058A1 (fr)

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WO2023285831A1 (fr) * 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 Hypertunnel Ip Limited Dispositif et procédé de forage, d'injection et d'extraction unifiés

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DE4201419C1 (en) * 1992-01-21 1993-08-19 Gd-Anker Gmbh, 3370 Seesen, De Rock anchor for location in rock with low cohesion factor - comprises outer bore anchor for making borehole and stabilising hole wall and injection anchor of hardenable material
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DE102008014700A1 (de) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 Dywidag-Systems International Gmbh Korrosionsgeschützter Selbstbohranker sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
US9109412B2 (en) 2010-06-04 2015-08-18 Dover Bmcs Acquisition Corporation Rotational drill bits and drilling apparatuses including the same
US8584777B2 (en) 2010-06-04 2013-11-19 Dover Bmcs Acquisition Corporation Rotational drill bits and drilling apparatuses including the same
MX346834B (es) 2010-06-24 2017-04-03 Nucor Corp Un perno de anclaje roscado de ajuste tensor.
US9080400B1 (en) 2010-11-24 2015-07-14 Dover Bmcs Acquisition Corporation Rotational drill bits and drilling apparatuses including the same
US9010165B2 (en) 2011-01-18 2015-04-21 Nucor Corporation Threaded rebar manufacturing process and system
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CN111022095A (zh) * 2019-10-29 2020-04-17 中国矿业大学 一种防止巷道底鼓的支护结构及支护方法
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AU8029487A (en) 1988-04-07
JPH01500680A (ja) 1989-03-09
DE3724165A1 (de) 1988-03-24
US4946314A (en) 1990-08-07
ES2023861B3 (es) 1992-02-16
CA1295155C (fr) 1992-02-04
JPH072799Y2 (ja) 1995-01-25
WO1988002058A1 (fr) 1988-03-24
AU598048B2 (en) 1990-06-14
EP0259755A1 (fr) 1988-03-16
JPH0594400U (ja) 1993-12-24
DE3724165C2 (fr) 1990-06-13

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