EP0258093A1 - Joule-Thomson-Kühler und mit diesem Kühler versehener Kryostat - Google Patents

Joule-Thomson-Kühler und mit diesem Kühler versehener Kryostat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0258093A1
EP0258093A1 EP87401727A EP87401727A EP0258093A1 EP 0258093 A1 EP0258093 A1 EP 0258093A1 EP 87401727 A EP87401727 A EP 87401727A EP 87401727 A EP87401727 A EP 87401727A EP 0258093 A1 EP0258093 A1 EP 0258093A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spiral
cooler
cooler according
plates
porous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87401727A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0258093B1 (de
Inventor
Serge Reale
Virginie Bragard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP0258093A1 publication Critical patent/EP0258093A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to Joule-Thomson coolers and cryostats intended to very quickly obtain low temperatures between 80 and 130K. These coolers are used for example to cool infrared detectors.
  • the most common technology in this field consists in using a double-walled Dewar as cryostat, the inner wall of which forms a cylindrical well on the bottom of which is fixed the element to be cooled.
  • the cooler proper comprises a cylindrical core on which is wound helically a finned capillary tube provided at its end with expansion means, which can be constituted by a simple drilling or by a more complex flow control device.
  • the present invention aims to provide a technique for making these devices in a simpler and more economical.
  • the subject of the invention is a Joule-Thomson cooler, characterized in that it comprises: - an open envelope consisting of two roughly flat plates and having a central location to be cooled; - a coil intended to convey gas under high pressure, this coil forming a planar spiral with an expansion orifice in the center and being disposed between the two plates of the envelope; and - A porous mass filling the region of the envelope which contains the coil but leaving free an expansion chamber into which opens said expansion orifice.
  • the spiral has contiguous turns
  • the porous mass consists of two porous plates having a central hole and disposed respectively between each face of the spiral and the corresponding roughly flat plate.
  • the conductivity thermal porous wafers in the axial direction of the spiral is much higher than their thermal conductivity in the radial direction.
  • the invention also relates to a cryostat comprising: - a Joule-Thomson cooler as defined above; and - A vacuum enclosure surrounding said central location and connected to a tight seal with the envelope, which opens to the outside of this enclosure.
  • the cryostat represented in FIGS. 2 and 3 comprises a Joule-Thomson cooler 1 made up of the parts represented in FIG. 1, namely: - a stainless steel capillary tube 2 wound in a flat spiral with contiguous turns; the outer end of this tube is provided with a filter 3, while its inner end is closed and has a calibrated expansion orifice 4 oriented axially (FIG.
  • This cooler is then integrated in the general shape of a flat disc in a cryostat as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • An element 8 to be cooled for example an infrared detector, is fixed in the center of a two plates 7.
  • On has coaxially on either side of the cooler 1 two tubular sections 9 each ending in an outer flange 10 provided with a circular groove 11, which receives an annular seal 12.
  • the peripheral region of the cooler is pinched between the two flanges 10, the tightening being ensured by two annular flanges 13 which bear on the flanges 10 and which are crossed by bolts 14.
  • the cryostat is completed by two tubular sections 16 respectively extending the two sections 9 and placed in communication by a side tube 17.
  • One of the sections 16 is hermetically sealed, while the other can connect via a line 18 to a vacuum pump (not shown).
  • the external end of the tube 2 is connected to a source 19 of a gas under very high pressure, for example argon under 700 bars.
  • a gas under very high pressure for example argon under 700 bars.
  • the low pressure gas countercurrently cools the high pressure gas contained in the spiral 2, essentially by means of the discs 5, so that the temperature rapidly decreases in the chamber 15, until the liquid forms therein. at the temperature that corresponds to the pressure there. This pressure is defined by the pressure drop of the low pressure circuit through the discs 5.
  • the passage section offered to the low pressure gas increases as the expansion ends and the gas heats up. , which is very favorable with regard to the pressure drops of the low pressure circuit.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 This complex problem finds a soultion in the embodiment, the manufacture of which is illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 7: two strips of metallic fabric, for example of bronze canvas with a square mesh of 50 microns in wire diameter and 80 microns of opening, are each wound on a porous core 20, for example in sintered bronze, having a hollow end 21 which is flush with one side of the corresponding strip (FIG. 4).
  • the face 22 of each winding situated on the side of the end 21 is rectified, then (FIG. 6) the two faces 22 are glued or brazed coaxially on the two faces of the spiral 2.
  • the assembly thus obtained is then cut with a saw on either side of the spiral 2 and then rectified in turn to obtain an assembly consisting of the spiral and the two discs 5 with the desired thickness.
  • the plates 7 are attached to the two faces of this assembly, a few shims being arranged between the peripheral zones of these two plates.
  • each disc 5 consists of a narrow strip of metallic fabric wound in a spiral. It has good thermal conduction in this axial direction, which is that of the fabric, and poor thermal conduction in the radial direction, due to the large number of thermal resistances of contact in series existing between the successive layers of fabric.
  • a thermally anisotropic low pressure circuit that is to say having in the axial direction, which is that of the desired heat exchange, is thus produced a thermal conductivity much greater than its thermal conductivity in the radial direction, which is that of parasitic heat losses.
  • cryostat of Figures 2 and 3 constitutes an experimental device.
  • the variant of FIG. 8 would preferably be adopted, which differs therefrom in the following points: the discs 5 and the plates 7 have substantially the same outside diameter as the spiral 2, and the plates 7 have a rim cylindrical device 7A directed opposite the spiral.
  • a washer 23 is fixed by brazing, welding or gluing on each flange 7A, after putting under vacuum, so as to constitute on each side of the cooler a sealed vacuum chamber.
  • the plates 7 can be made of glass or of a ceramic material and, in this case, directly integrate the element 8 to be cooled, which is generally an electronic circuit, in their central part.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
EP19870401727 1986-07-31 1987-07-24 Joule-Thomson-Kühler und mit diesem Kühler versehener Kryostat Expired - Lifetime EP0258093B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8611087A FR2602316B1 (fr) 1986-07-31 1986-07-31 Refroidisseur joule-thomson, procede de fabrication et cryostat comprenant ce refroidisseur
FR8611087 1986-07-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258093A1 true EP0258093A1 (de) 1988-03-02
EP0258093B1 EP0258093B1 (de) 1991-07-03

Family

ID=9337907

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870401727 Expired - Lifetime EP0258093B1 (de) 1986-07-31 1987-07-24 Joule-Thomson-Kühler und mit diesem Kühler versehener Kryostat

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0258093B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3771150D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2022908B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2602316B1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0349933A3 (en) * 1988-07-07 1990-11-22 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh Housing for optoelectronic elements
US5280177A (en) * 1992-10-15 1994-01-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Sample cell for infrared spectrophotometry
FR2782785A1 (fr) 1998-08-27 2000-03-03 Air Liquide Refroidisseur joule-thomson

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2630535B1 (fr) * 1988-04-20 1990-11-02 Air Liquide Masse poreuse pour echangeur de chaleur et son application a un refroidisseur joule-thomson

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2746264A (en) * 1953-07-17 1956-05-22 Alfred Bicknell Associates Inc Miniature cooling unit
FR1267447A (fr) * 1960-09-12 1961-07-21 Philco Corp Dispositif de réfrigération cryogénique
US3415077A (en) * 1967-01-31 1968-12-10 500 Inc Method and apparatus for continuously supplying refrigeration below 4.2deg k.
FR1559510A (de) * 1967-04-14 1969-03-07
GB1168997A (en) * 1965-12-08 1969-10-29 Emi Ltd Improvements relating to Cooling Apparatus
FR2026088A1 (en) * 1968-12-13 1970-09-11 Dunlop Co Ltd Metallic foam heat transfer element
FR2061500A1 (en) * 1969-02-06 1971-06-25 Loire Atel Forges Increasing the coefficient of thermal transm - mission of heat exchangers
FR2477406A1 (fr) * 1980-03-06 1981-09-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Cryosonde chirurgicale

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU903667A1 (ru) * 1980-05-12 1982-02-07 Предприятие П/Я М-5727 Микрохолодильник

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2746264A (en) * 1953-07-17 1956-05-22 Alfred Bicknell Associates Inc Miniature cooling unit
FR1267447A (fr) * 1960-09-12 1961-07-21 Philco Corp Dispositif de réfrigération cryogénique
GB1168997A (en) * 1965-12-08 1969-10-29 Emi Ltd Improvements relating to Cooling Apparatus
US3415077A (en) * 1967-01-31 1968-12-10 500 Inc Method and apparatus for continuously supplying refrigeration below 4.2deg k.
FR1559510A (de) * 1967-04-14 1969-03-07
FR2026088A1 (en) * 1968-12-13 1970-09-11 Dunlop Co Ltd Metallic foam heat transfer element
FR2061500A1 (en) * 1969-02-06 1971-06-25 Loire Atel Forges Increasing the coefficient of thermal transm - mission of heat exchangers
FR2477406A1 (fr) * 1980-03-06 1981-09-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Cryosonde chirurgicale

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CRYOGENICS, octobre 1977, pages 543-548, Guilford, GB; Z. MALEK et al.: "Porous heat exchangers for continuous flow helium cryostats" *
SOVIET INVENTIONS ILLUSTRATED, Sections P,Q: Mechanical & General, 9 février 1983, semaine J51, résumé no. B4600; & SU-A-9 03 667 (ANIKEEV G.N.) 09-02-1982 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0349933A3 (en) * 1988-07-07 1990-11-22 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh Housing for optoelectronic elements
US5280177A (en) * 1992-10-15 1994-01-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Sample cell for infrared spectrophotometry
FR2782785A1 (fr) 1998-08-27 2000-03-03 Air Liquide Refroidisseur joule-thomson

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2602316A1 (fr) 1988-02-05
ES2022908B3 (es) 1991-12-16
EP0258093B1 (de) 1991-07-03
DE3771150D1 (de) 1991-08-08
FR2602316B1 (fr) 1988-08-26

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