EP0338920B1 - Joule-Thomson-Kühler mit einem Wärmetauscher aus poröser Masse - Google Patents

Joule-Thomson-Kühler mit einem Wärmetauscher aus poröser Masse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0338920B1
EP0338920B1 EP89401083A EP89401083A EP0338920B1 EP 0338920 B1 EP0338920 B1 EP 0338920B1 EP 89401083 A EP89401083 A EP 89401083A EP 89401083 A EP89401083 A EP 89401083A EP 0338920 B1 EP0338920 B1 EP 0338920B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
cooler according
casing
porous mass
balls
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89401083A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0338920A3 (en
EP0338920A2 (de
Inventor
Virginie Bragard
Dominique Chazot
Serge Reale
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of EP0338920A2 publication Critical patent/EP0338920A2/de
Publication of EP0338920A3 publication Critical patent/EP0338920A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0338920B1 publication Critical patent/EP0338920B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to Joule-Thomson expansion cryogenic coolers of the type comprising an envelope having a location to be cooled, a coil intended to convey gas under high pressure, disposed in the envelope and having an expansion orifice in the vicinity of the location, and a porous mass filling the region of the envelope which contains the coil but leaving free an expansion chamber into which opens said expansion orifice and forming, in the envelope, a return path for the expanded gas in the expansion chamber, the porous mass consisting of granular particles coated with a layer of a material having a melting point lower than that of the material of which the particles are made, the latter being linked to each other by melting of said material .
  • the present invention relates more particularly to coolers intended to very quickly obtain low temperatures of between 80 and 200K approximately and used for example to cool infrared detectors, as described in document FR-A-2 602 316.
  • the present invention aims to provide a simple and economical technology for producing such a cooler, making it possible to obtain a low temperature very close to the normal boiling point of the expanded gas and very well reproducible.
  • the subject of the invention is a cooler of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the particles consist of balls having a uniform diameter and of the same order of magnitude as the outside diameter of the tube constituting the coil.
  • Document FR-A-2 081 613 also describes a heat exchanger, more particularly a boiler, comprising groups of particles or of linked balls arranged between parallel pipes for circulation of fluid and crossed by a hot gas.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are views in axial section of two embodiments of a cryostat comprising a cooler according to the invention .
  • the cryostat shown in FIG. 1 has the same general constitution as that described with reference to FIG. 9 of the aforementioned document FR-A-2 602 316. It includes a Joule-Thomson cooler 1 placed in a vacuum enclosure 2. The assembly has a general axis of symmetry X-X assumed to be vertical.
  • the cooler 1 comprises a cylindrical envelope 3 with a single wall open upwards and itself constituted by a metallic tubular section 4 closed at its lower end by a cup 5 made of copper, a capillary coil 6 made of stainless steel, and a mass porous 7 which is the only difference between this cryostat and that of Figure 9 of the aforementioned FR-A.
  • An element 8 to be cooled for example a disk forming an infrared detector, is fixed to the bottom of the cup 5, outside of the latter.
  • the upper end of the section 4 is fitted and tightly brazed in an opening 9 of a circular cover 10 of the cryostat.
  • the coil 6 enters the envelope 3 through the opening 9, then has a helically wound part approximately up to the lower end of the section 4.
  • the entire wound part of the coil is embedded in the porous mass 7, which fills the space left free by the coil in the corresponding part of the section 4, to the lower end thereof.
  • the metal cup 5 is hermetically fixed to the lower end of the section 4 and provides under the mass 7 an expansion chamber 12 into which the orifice 11 opens.
  • the porous mass 7 consists of tinned bronze balls linked to each other, to the coil 6 and to the section 4, by melting the tin, as will be described in detail below.
  • the vacuum enclosure 2 is defined on the one hand by the cooler 1 and on the other hand by the cover 10 and by tubular sections 13, 14 of axis XX, these elements being connected to each other by flange assemblies - clamps - sealing devices 15.
  • the cryostat enclosure is connected downwards to a vacuum pump (not shown).
  • the capillary coil 6 is helically wound on a mandrel (not shown), which is then removed.
  • the propeller is arranged with a large radial clearance in the tubular section 4, and the latter is filled with bronze balls of 0.5 mm in diameter on which a thin layer of tin having a thickness of 1 is previously deposited. 'order of 5 microns, until the coiled part of the coil is completely covered.
  • the diameter of the beads is slightly greater than the outside diameter of the capillary tube 6; more generally, depending on the performance requested from the cooler, the diameter of the balls can be roughly of the same order of magnitude as this outside diameter, and the ratio of the diameter of the balls to the thickness of the fusible layer can be of the order of 100 .
  • a slight vibration is applied to the assembly to allow a homogeneous arrangement of the balls in the space allotted to them, an arrangement which can be controlled by weighing the exchanger.
  • a few drops of acid such as the All State product sold under the trade name "Duzall Flux" are distributed between the beads, then the whole is heated, for example with a device for blowing hot air at 600 °. C, in an oven, by induction, etc.
  • the heating temperature is chosen to be higher than the melting temperature of tin but lower than that of bronze.
  • the assembly is rinsed with hot water and dried, then the elements 5 and 8 are put in place.
  • the external end of the coil 6 is connected to a source of a gas under very high pressure, for example argon under 700 bars.
  • the high pressure gas purified by a filter (not shown), circulates in the coil, is expanded and therefore cooled as the orifice 11 passes, and enters the chamber 12. From there, it rises through the porous mass 7 by yielding, essentially by means of this mass, from the cold to the high pressure gas contained in the coil 6, and the high pressure gas is evacuated to the atmosphere through the opening 9.
  • the temperature rapidly decreases in the chamber 12, until liquid forms therein at the temperature which corresponds to the pressure prevailing there, which is defined by the pressure drop of the low pressure circuit through the mass 7.
  • the pressure drop of the low pressure circuit formed by the porous mass 7 is low, because the thermal bridges between balls formed by the melting of the tin are small and do not obstruct the inter-ball spaces. In addition, this pressure drop is very reproducible. It is thus possible to mass produce coolers having a precise low temperature and very close to the normal boiling point of the expanded gas.
  • the cryostat represented in figure 2 with the same constitution general than that described with reference to FIG. 8 of the aforementioned FR-A-2 602 316. It also includes a Joule-Thomson cooler 1A with a structure similar to that of FIG. 1, placed in a vacuum enclosure 2A, but the general configuration is planar and circular and assumed to have a vertical axis.
  • the capillary coil 6A made of stainless steel is wound in a flat spiral with contiguous turns; the outer end of this tube is provided with a filter (not shown), while its inner end is closed and has a calibrated orifice 11A axially oriented.
  • the vacuum enclosure 2A consists of two flat plates 4A, 4B having good resistance to mechanical and thermal stresses, in particular made of stainless steel. These plates 4A, 4B have the same outside diameter as the spiral 6A and have a cylindrical peripheral rim 16 directed opposite the spiral. A washer 17 is fixed by brazing, welding or gluing on each flange 16, after putting under vacuum, so as to constitute on each side of the cooler a sealed vacuum chamber.
  • the element 8 to be cooled is fixed to the center of the plate 4A towards which the expansion orifice 11A is oriented, in the corresponding vacuum chamber.
  • the porous mass 7A is again the only difference between this cooler and that of FIG. 8 of the aforementioned FR-A.
  • the coil is arranged in a horizontal plane located at equal distance from the two plates 4A, 4B and spaced therefrom, and the mass 7A fills all the space remaining free between these two plates, with the exception of a central region forming expansion chamber 12A, into which opens the orifice 11A.
  • the mass 7A consists of tinned bronze balls linked to each other, to the coil 6A and to the plates 4A, 4B by melting the tin.
  • the cooler according to the invention may have other configurations, for example a conical configuration intermediate between those of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • other pairs of materials can be envisaged to constitute balls and their fusible coating, the balls possibly being for example of a ceramic material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Joule-Thomson-Kühler (1; 1A) mit einem Mantel (3; 4A, 4B), der eine Stelle (5) zum Kühlen, eine Schlange (6; 6A), die dazu bestimmt ist, Gas unter hohem Druck zu transportieren,und in dem Mantel angeordnet ist, und eine Entspannungsöffnung (11; 11A) in der Nachbarschaft der Stelle aufweist, und eine poröse Masse (7; 7A) aufweist, welche den Bereich des Mantels ausfüllt, der die Schlange enthält, aber eine Entspannungskammer (12; 12A) frei läßt, in welche die Entspannungsöffnung mündet und im Mantel einen Rücklauf für das in der Entspannungskammer entspannte Gas bildet, wobei die poröse Masse (7; 7A) aus körnigen Teilchen gebildet ist, die mit einer Materialschicht überzogen sind, welche einen Schmelzpunkt hat, der niedriger ist als der des Materials, aus dem die Teilchen bestehen, wobei letztere miteinander durch Schmelzen des Materials verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teilchen aus kleinen Kugeln bestehen mit einem gleichförmigen Durchmesser gleicher Größenordnung wie der Außendurchmesser des die Schlange (6; 6A) bildenden Rohres.
  2. Kühler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kleinen Kugeln metallisch sind und das Material ein Metall mit niedrigem Schmelzpunkt ist.
  3. Kühler nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die poröse Masse (7; 7A) aus kleinen foliierten Bronzekugeln besteht.
  4. Kühler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die poröse Masse (7; 7A) auch mit dem Mantel (3; 4A, 4B) und mit der Schlange (6; 6A) durch Schmelzen des Materials verbunden ist.
  5. Kühler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis des Durchmessers der kleinen Kugeln zur Dicke der Schicht des Materials in der Größenordnung von 100 liegt.
  6. Kühler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schlange (6; 6A) eine Kapillare ist.
  7. Kühler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (3) zylindrisch ist und die Schlange (6) schraubenförmig gewickelt ist.
  8. Kühler nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die poröse Masse (7) den Raum innerhalb der Schraube füllt.
  9. Kühler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (4A, 4B) flach ist und die Schlange (6A) spiralenförmig gewickelt ist.
  10. Kühler nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er in einem unter Vakuum stehenden Raum (2, 2A) angeordnet ist.
EP89401083A 1988-04-20 1989-04-19 Joule-Thomson-Kühler mit einem Wärmetauscher aus poröser Masse Expired - Lifetime EP0338920B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8805205 1988-04-20
FR8805205A FR2630535B1 (fr) 1988-04-20 1988-04-20 Masse poreuse pour echangeur de chaleur et son application a un refroidisseur joule-thomson

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0338920A2 EP0338920A2 (de) 1989-10-25
EP0338920A3 EP0338920A3 (en) 1990-11-14
EP0338920B1 true EP0338920B1 (de) 1992-12-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP89401083A Expired - Lifetime EP0338920B1 (de) 1988-04-20 1989-04-19 Joule-Thomson-Kühler mit einem Wärmetauscher aus poröser Masse

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EP (1) EP0338920B1 (de)
DE (1) DE68903667T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2630535B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5910535A (en) * 1996-05-03 1999-06-08 Decora, Incorporated Water based coating composition having sacrificial layer for stain removal
FR3022991B1 (fr) 2014-06-30 2016-07-01 Air Liquide Dispositif refroidisseur joule-thomson et appareil de photo-detection comprenant un tel dispositif

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1313183A (fr) * 1961-11-13 1962-12-28 Babcock & Wilcox France Perfectionnements aux échangeurs de chaleur
FR2429988A1 (fr) * 1978-06-28 1980-01-25 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur a structure poreuse anisotrope
GB2027357A (en) * 1978-08-08 1980-02-20 Shell Oil Co Catalyst for Hydrazine Decomposition and Method for Preparing such Catalyst

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1044695A (en) * 1970-03-02 1978-12-19 American Standard Inc. Heat exchanger structure for a compact boiler and the like
US3800552A (en) * 1972-03-29 1974-04-02 Bendix Corp Cryogenic surgical instrument
GB2027352B (en) * 1978-07-25 1983-02-09 Hisaka Works Ltd Plate type evaporator
JPS5563397A (en) * 1978-10-31 1980-05-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Manufacture of bolling heat transmission surface
FR2538527B1 (fr) * 1982-12-24 1987-06-19 Creusot Loire Element d'echange de chaleur et procede de realisation dudit element
FR2602316B1 (fr) * 1986-07-31 1988-08-26 Air Liquide Refroidisseur joule-thomson, procede de fabrication et cryostat comprenant ce refroidisseur

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1313183A (fr) * 1961-11-13 1962-12-28 Babcock & Wilcox France Perfectionnements aux échangeurs de chaleur
FR2429988A1 (fr) * 1978-06-28 1980-01-25 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur a structure poreuse anisotrope
GB2027357A (en) * 1978-08-08 1980-02-20 Shell Oil Co Catalyst for Hydrazine Decomposition and Method for Preparing such Catalyst

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0338920A3 (en) 1990-11-14
FR2630535B1 (fr) 1990-11-02
EP0338920A2 (de) 1989-10-25
DE68903667D1 (de) 1993-01-14
FR2630535A1 (fr) 1989-10-27
DE68903667T2 (de) 1993-04-01

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