EP0250690B1 - Acier inoxydable austénitique au cobalt ultra résistant à la cavitation érosive - Google Patents
Acier inoxydable austénitique au cobalt ultra résistant à la cavitation érosive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0250690B1 EP0250690B1 EP86420305A EP86420305A EP0250690B1 EP 0250690 B1 EP0250690 B1 EP 0250690B1 EP 86420305 A EP86420305 A EP 86420305A EP 86420305 A EP86420305 A EP 86420305A EP 0250690 B1 EP0250690 B1 EP 0250690B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- stainless steel
- cavitation
- repair
- erosion resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 24
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title description 24
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 24
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020598 Co Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002519 Co-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000018199 S phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/36—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components
- Y10T428/12646—Group VIII or IB metal-base
- Y10T428/12653—Fe, containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12965—Both containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
- Y10T428/12979—Containing more than 10% nonferrous elements [e.g., high alloy, stainless]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an austenitic cobalt stainless steel ultra resistant to erosive cavitation.
- Patent application EP-A 0 171 336 filed on June 24, 1985 by the Applicant describes and claims an austenitic stainless steel with cobalt having a very high resistance to high intensity erosive cavitation, which steel is, by its resistance, all particularly useful for the manufacture or repair of parts of hydraulic machines.
- the composition as well as the very particular structure of this stainless steel were "selected" by the inventor after numerous searches carried out following the discovery of the fact that the Low hardness cobalt stainless steels containing as little as 8% by weight of cobalt have an erosive cavitation resistance as good as that of alloys containing up to 65% cobalt, provided that at least 60% by weight of said stainless steels with a low cobalt content, ie, at ambient temperature, in a cubic phase with a metastable centered face therein having a sufficiently low stacking energy so that it can be transformed under the effect of the cavitation in a compact hexagonal phase s and / or in martensite a showing a fine warping of deformation.
- the present invention is based on the discovery of the fact that results and advantages similar to those previously mentioned, namely a very high resistance to erosive cavitation, a relatively low cost price and a multitude of possible uses, in particular for the manufacture of hydraulic machine parts, can be obtained with harder cobalt stainless steels, which may contain up to 2% by weight of carbon, up to 5% by weight of silicon and up to 16% by weight of manganese.
- (c) its content of elements known as ferritizing agents (Cr, Mo, Si), in elements known as austenitizing agents (C, N, Co, Ni, Mn) and, among these ferritating and austenitic elements, in elements known to increase or to decrease the stacking fault energy is suitably chosen and adjusted so that at least 60% by weight of the steel is, at ambient temperature, in a face-centered cubic phase having a fault energy sufficiently weak stacking to present under the effect of cavitation, a fine deformation chewing or to, alternatively, be able to transform under the cavitation effect, into a compact hexagonal phase s and / or into martensite showing a fine deformation deformation.
- At least 60% by weight of the cobalt stainless steel according to the invention must be, at ambient temperature, in a cubic phase with a face centered with the lowest possible stack fault energy.
- This latter condition namely a very low stack fault energy of the face-centered cubic austenitic phase y
- This deformation can be carried out in certain cases without phase change.
- This deformation can also be obtained by transformation of the cubic phase with face centered y, into compact hexagonal phase e and / or into martensite a.
- This possibility of a deformation or a phase transformation under the effect of cavitation, so as to show a fine weaving, is specific to crystals with low energy of stacking fault.
- To obtain this low stack fault energy it is necessary to take into account the capacity of each element to lower or increase the stack fault energy, and to adjust the respective content of the various elements chosen to constitute the steel, so that the stacking fault energy of all of the combined elements is low enough to obtain a fine warping when the steel is subject to cavitation.
- the elements known to increase the stack fault energy (EFE) one can cite Ni and C.
- those known to lower the EFE one can cite Cp, Si, Mn and N.
- the stainless steel according to the invention which contains less than 30% by weight of cobalt and up to 70% by weight of iron, could thus have as low a stacking fault energy as that of alloys with a high cobalt content, and a substantially identical fine deformation coupling (see also the article by DA Woodford and AI, "A Deformation Induced Phase Transformation Involving a Four-Layer Stacking Sequence in Co-Fe AI-loy ", Met. Trans., Vol.2, page 3223.1971) where it is indicated that in Fe-Co alloys, only 15% by weight of iron is sufficient to completely remove the transformation induced by cavitation from phase y to phase s).
- chromium has a very strong interaction with cobalt and iron to promote the formation of low energy crystals due to stacking failure.
- the surface layer of the Fe-Cr-Co-C alloys according to the invention shows, after exposure to cavitation, a very fine mesh network in a cubic phase with centered face (phase y), in a compact hexagonal phase (phase s) or in a martensitic phase a.
- phase y cubic phase with centered face
- phase s compact hexagonal phase
- martensitic phase a martensitic phase
- the localized hardening associated with this fine chewing ensures an extension of the chewing to the whole exposed surface at the beginning of the exposure to cavitation (incubation period). This explains why the exposed surface remains so flat and smooth during the incubation period, if we compare it to the high relief surface that we obtain with more deformable materials. Smoother surfaces are, in fact, less prone to attack by localized tangential microjets than occur during each implosion due to cavitation. Thus, during the incubation period, the only surface relief experienced by the cobalt stainless steels according to the invention is the aforementioned fine deformation coupling. This fine chewing leads to very low rates of erosion taking into account the fact that the particles eroded at the junction of the meshes are very fine. The large quantity of newly created surfaces for a given quantity of metal lost by erosion is another effective means of absorbing the energy of incident cavitation.
- the Co stainless steels according to the invention are soft. These steels are less expensive than conventional alloys with a high Co content such as STELLITE 6 TM or STELLITE 21TM, while having substantially the same resistance to cavitation. As a result, the stainless steel according to the invention offers an economical alternative to alloys of the STELLITE 21 TM type currently used to protect hydraulic machines against the effects of erosive cavitation. Welding wires or electrodes made from the steel according to the invention can be used to repair damage due to cavitation. Parts of hydraulic machines or entire groups can also be cast or completely covered with this steel which is cheaper than STELLITE and is capable of being hot and cold rolled for the development and manufacture of hydraulic machine elements with high resistance to cavitation.
- the invention has for another object any stainless steel part for the manufacture or repair of hydraulic machines, when said part is made or covered with a Co stainless steel with high resistance to cavitation according to the invention.
- the stainless steel parts according to the invention have a cavitation resistance at least equal to the parts made of harder alloys of the STELLITE-1 or -6 type. Since the stainless steels according to the invention are soft, they are much easier to grind. In fact, the parts according to the invention have all the advantages of parts made from soft alloys with a high Co content, of the STELLITE-21 type, but at a lower cost.
- the resistance to erosive cavitation of the steels and alloys tested was measured by ultrasonic cavitation test according to standard ASTM-G32.
- the weight losses of 16 mm cylindrical samples vibrating at 20 kHz at a double amplitude of 50 ⁇ m in distilled water at 22 ° C were measured every five hours for twenty five hours using a precise electrical balance to the tenth of a milligram.
- the materials tested are listed in the following TABLE I, where their nominal composition, their hardness and their cavitation erosion rate are also found. i
- Co steels according to the invention listed in the TABLE were prepared by melting on a copper plate cooled with water in a small laboratory arc furnace or in an induction furnace, an appropriate mixture of several of the following constituents : carbon steel, stainless steel 304, STELLITE 21, ferrochrome, electrolytic cobalt, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon. It should be noted that the compositions of all these experimental steels with the exception of the two STELLITES which were tested for reference, all fall within the composition range of the cobalt stainless steel according to the invention.
- the content of the cobalt stainless steel according to the invention in elements known as ferritisants (Cr, Mo, Si) and austenitisants (C, N, Co, Ni, Mn) must be appropriately chosen and adjusted so as to stabilize the austenite, particularly in the case of rapid cooling, so as to promote deformation of the y phase or an induced transformation of this y phase into the s phase or in martensite, the high resistance to cavitation of the steels according to the invention resulting mainly from their composition where the elements known to increase the energy of stacking fault, namely, for example, nickel, are replaced as much as possible by elements known to lower this stacking fault energy such as Co, Si, Mn and N and thus lead to finer deformation coupling.
- ferritisants Cr, Mo, Si
- austenitisants C, N, Co, Ni, Mn
- the cobalt stainless steels according to the invention can advantageously be used for the manufacture and repair of parts or groups of hydraulic machines, such as turbines, pumps, taps, etc. They can be used either as coverings welded on carbon steel, either as base material, cast or in the form of sheet metal, for the manufacture of machines made of stainless steel. These steels can also be hot or cold rolled and developed into welding wires or electrodes to replace the much more expensive STELLITE-21 used to repair cavitation damage in hydraulic turbines.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA512811 | 1986-06-30 | ||
| CA000512811A CA1269548A (fr) | 1986-06-30 | 1986-06-30 | Acier inoxydable austenitique au cobalt ultra resistant a la cavitation erosive |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0250690A1 EP0250690A1 (fr) | 1988-01-07 |
| EP0250690B1 true EP0250690B1 (fr) | 1990-11-07 |
Family
ID=4133466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86420305A Expired - Lifetime EP0250690B1 (fr) | 1986-06-30 | 1986-12-18 | Acier inoxydable austénitique au cobalt ultra résistant à la cavitation érosive |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4751046A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| EP (1) | EP0250690B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS6311653A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| AU (1) | AU589281B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1269548A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH674522A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE3675547D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3901028A1 (de) * | 1989-01-14 | 1990-07-19 | Bayer Ag | Nichtrostende knet- und gusswerkstoffe sowie schweisszusatzwerkstoffe fuer mit heisser, konzentrierter schwefelsaeure beaufschlagte bauteile |
| DE69410555T2 (de) * | 1993-09-03 | 1999-01-28 | Sanyo Special Alloys, Ltd., Tochigi | Nichtmagnetische Eisenlegierung mit ausgezeichneter Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Bearbeitbarkeit |
| US5514329A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-05-07 | Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Company | Cavitation resistant fluid impellers and method for making same |
| US5514328A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-05-07 | Stoody Deloro Stellite, Inc. | Cavitation erosion resistent steel |
| FR2761006B1 (fr) * | 1997-03-21 | 1999-04-30 | Usinor | Roue pour vehicule automobile |
| US10281903B2 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2019-05-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Process for design and manufacture of cavitation erosion resistant components |
| CN113817969B (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-09-27 | 香港大学 | 一种高强度超耐腐蚀无磁不锈钢及其制备方法 |
| DE102020131031A1 (de) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-05-25 | Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg | Martensitische Stahllegierung mit optimierter Härte und Korrosionsbeständigkeit |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1866836A (en) * | 1928-09-04 | 1932-07-12 | Thompson Prod Inc | Alloy |
| US1904712A (en) * | 1930-04-29 | 1933-04-18 | Electro Metallurg Co | Stain resisting cobalt alloy |
| CH327362A (de) * | 1952-09-10 | 1958-01-31 | Schoeller Bleckmann Stahlwerke | Gegenstand, der bei hohen Temperaturen gegen die in den Verbrennungsrückständen flüssiger Brennstoffe vorhandenen Oxyde widerstandsfähig ist |
| US3772005A (en) * | 1970-10-13 | 1973-11-13 | Int Nickel Co | Corrosion resistant ultra high strength stainless steel |
| JPS5291723A (en) * | 1976-01-29 | 1977-08-02 | Denki Jiki Zairiyou Kenkiyuush | Corrosion resistance fe base alloy and production of it |
| DE3176034D1 (en) * | 1980-06-17 | 1987-04-30 | Toshiba Kk | A high cavitation erosion resistance stainless steel and hydraulic machines being made of the same |
| SE451465B (sv) * | 1984-03-30 | 1987-10-12 | Sandvik Steel Ab | Ferrit-austenitiskt rostfritt stal mikrolegerat med molybden och koppar och anvendning av stalet |
| CA1223140A (fr) * | 1984-06-28 | 1987-06-23 | Raynald Simoneau | Acier inoxydable austenitique au cobalt ultra resistant a la cavitation erosive |
| IT1219414B (it) * | 1986-03-17 | 1990-05-11 | Centro Speriment Metallurg | Acciaio austenitico avente migliorata resistenza meccanica ed agli agenti aggressivi ad alte temperature |
-
1986
- 1986-06-30 CA CA000512811A patent/CA1269548A/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-23 US US06/922,404 patent/US4751046A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-18 DE DE8686420305T patent/DE3675547D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-18 EP EP86420305A patent/EP0250690B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-24 JP JP61306683A patent/JPS6311653A/ja active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-06-29 CH CH2454/87A patent/CH674522A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-06-30 AU AU74945/87A patent/AU589281B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3675547D1 (de) | 1990-12-13 |
| US4751046A (en) | 1988-06-14 |
| CA1269548A (fr) | 1990-05-29 |
| JPS6311653A (ja) | 1988-01-19 |
| EP0250690A1 (fr) | 1988-01-07 |
| AU7494587A (en) | 1988-01-07 |
| AU589281B2 (en) | 1989-10-05 |
| CH674522A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1990-06-15 |
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