EP0248285B1 - Elektrischer Heizkörper - Google Patents

Elektrischer Heizkörper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0248285B1
EP0248285B1 EP87107420A EP87107420A EP0248285B1 EP 0248285 B1 EP0248285 B1 EP 0248285B1 EP 87107420 A EP87107420 A EP 87107420A EP 87107420 A EP87107420 A EP 87107420A EP 0248285 B1 EP0248285 B1 EP 0248285B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
heat dissipation
ptc
heating unit
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87107420A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0248285A1 (de
Inventor
Hartmut Eisenhauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stego Elektrotechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Stego Elektrotechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stego Elektrotechnik GmbH filed Critical Stego Elektrotechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0248285A1 publication Critical patent/EP0248285A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0248285B1 publication Critical patent/EP0248285B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric heater according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the PCT elements are manufactured as thin rods or slices as possible, so that the most homogeneous possible temperature curve inside the element is guaranteed.
  • the PTC elements may only be exposed to relatively low surface pressures, since they are very brittle.
  • care must be taken to ensure that the heat is dissipated as uniformly as possible from the surface of the elements, with the current also being supplied via the two surfaces of the elements.
  • a heating element is known in which PTC elements, each with a flat side, are placed on a flat side of a heat dissipation element, the heat emission surfaces of which are arranged essentially perpendicular to the PTC element.
  • the other flat side of the PTC element is acted upon by a separate contact and pressure element.
  • the problem with this configuration is that only one of the flat sides of the PTC element is able to give off heat, so that the heat output of each individual PTC element is relatively low.
  • a temperature gradient is formed over the thickness of the PTC element, which adversely affects the control behavior of the PTC element.
  • the arrangement can be used not only with PTC elements to produce a radiator, but also with other heating or cooling elements. If Peltier elements were used instead of PTC elements, then one would use one heat dissipation element as the "hot side” and another heat dissipation element as the "cold side” (with a slightly different spatial arrangement, possibly with the interposition of thermal insulators).
  • each heat dissipation element is preferably selected to be many times larger than the connection surface to the PTC element. In this way, a safe dissipation of the heat output generated by the PTC element is guaranteed.
  • Each PTC element is preferably assigned two heat dissipation elements. The heat is therefore dissipated from both sides by the PTC element, so that the heat transfer resistance can be reduced significantly, and the heating power of a PTC element thus increases significantly.
  • the electric radiator is preferably provided with several PTC elements, which are arranged with the interposition of the heat dissipation elements in a substantially continuous force train - that is to say in terms of force - in such a way that the contact pressures between all PTC element flat sides and the associated connecting surfaces of the heat dissipation elements are essentially the same.
  • This arrangement is only possible through the arrangement according to the invention, since in the usual design a series connection in terms of force leads to a columnar arrangement, with no heat being able to be dissipated in the interior of the column.
  • each PTC element is assigned two heat dissipation elements and several such "groups" are combined to form a larger area, it is advantageous if the heat dissipation elements for each PTC element are thermally decoupled from the heat dissipation elements of the other PTC elements.
  • the surface on which the heat dissipation elements conduct the generated heat must be designed so that the thermal decoupling is maintained.
  • Such a thermal decoupling can on the one hand prevent the effects of step temperature tolerances between the individual PTC elements, and on the other hand it is possible, for example over a longer period Heating section to build up a temperature gradient using PTC elements of different transition temperatures.
  • a common housing for several PTC elements is preferably provided together with their heat dissipation elements, so that an extremely compact object is produced.
  • the housing comprises a tub element in which the PTC elements are braced against one another (that is, in terms of force in series) with the heat dissipation elements interposed, the tub bottom being arranged parallel to the heat-emitting surfaces.
  • Such a simple arrangement can be designed as a large-area heating element, the area actually being able to be chosen as large as desired by simply arranging any number of PTC elements with heat-conducting elements together in a common trough in the manner described.
  • the housing comprises a cover element, which is preferably held by crimping the rim of the tub in the tub element by pressing against the heat-emitting surfaces. Pressing by crimping has so far not been possible, since very high forces that are difficult to control were applied to the PTC elements.
  • spring elements were used, which were arranged between the tub rim or lid and the PTC element, but on the other hand, as a result, the heat transfer resistance (at least on this side of the PTC element) increased significantly.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a panel radiator that is completely installed in a housing 30.
  • the housing 30 comprises a housing trough 31 which is open at the top.
  • the interior of the tub 31 is lined with a layer 23 of insulating film.
  • rails 21 and 22 are introduced over the entire length.
  • PTC elements 1 are arranged between the hypotenuse surfaces of the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 '.
  • the overall grouping, consisting of two heat dissipation elements 10, 10 'and a PTC element 1 in between, has essentially a cuboid shape.
  • a plurality of such “cuboid elements” are arranged in the housing 30, with an insulating layer 23 each sitting between two cuboid elements.
  • the insulating layer 23 is made of electrically and thermally poorly conductive material.
  • the tub 31 has at its upper end (Fig. 1) locking lugs 24, which fix a final insulating plate 23 in the longitudinal direction of the tub 31.
  • the tub On the lower side (FIG. 1), the tub is also closed off by an insulating plate 23, which strikes fixing lugs 24.
  • the busbars 21 and 22 are bent inwards at this lower end of the trough 31 and guided outwards via connecting wires 16/17.
  • each "cuboid” is to be regarded as a detail body thermally decoupled from the other elements.
  • the control behavior is accordingly good.
  • the heat dissipation of the radiator to an object to be heated takes place via the heat dissipation surface 11 (see FIG. 2).
  • the entire radiator is pressed onto the object to be heated with the interposition of a very thin, electrically insulating film.
  • the heat dissipation elements 10 have very large heat dissipation surfaces 11 - measured at the connecting surfaces between PTC elements 1 and heat dissipation elements 10, 10 '- the thermal resistance through the insulating film hardly plays a role. If the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 'are made of a thermally highly conductive material, e.g.
  • FIG. 3 shows a configuration in which the Electrical insulation between the heat dissipation elements 10 and 10 'lying on top of one another can be dispensed with, since the PTC elements 1 and the hypotenuse surfaces of the heat dissipation elements 10, 10' run in a zigzag fashion between the busbars 21 and 22.
  • This arrangement is even more favorable in terms of the number of components. If, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, the catheter surfaces of the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 'are not ground flat, but instead are provided, for example, with feet at the triangular corners, so that only the feet of adjacent heat dissipation elements 10, 10' sit on one another, then one can reduce the thermal coupling between the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 '.
  • FIG. 4 again serves to explain the arrangement shown with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a very thick insulating disk 23 is arranged between adjacent heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ', as a result of which the decoupling becomes even better.
  • Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous if the object to be heated has a very low thermal resistance in the surface direction (to which the radiator is applied).
  • the correspondingly wide spacing between two heat dissipation elements 10, 10 'then ensures that no thermal short circuit occurs through the body to be heated.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 6 is a rectangular arrangement which is advantageous in many forms of use.
  • the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ' can be provided with bores perpendicular to the heat dissipation surfaces 11 (perpendicular to the direction of the drawing), and the arrangement can be used as a heater for flowing air.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 8 is a heater with a circular cross section. Only two heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ′ are provided here, which simultaneously serve for the electrical contacting of two PTC elements 1.
  • grooves are milled into the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ', into which connecting wires 16 and 17 are inserted, which can then be fixed by simply clamping (flanging the edges of the grooves).
  • the two heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ' are clamped together via a tension ring 18, wherein between the tension ring 18 and the heat dissipation elements 10, 10' the spring element 20 is arranged, which also serves for insulation (if the tension ring 18 is electrically conductive).
  • FIG. 9 showing a clamping ring 18 which is encased by the spring element 20, while in FIG. 10 the spring element 20 is merely a band. In both cases, grooves are made on the outer edge (with a semicircular cross section) of the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ′, in which the clamping ring 18 is fixed together with the spring element 20.
  • the radiator shown here is particularly easy to manufacture and therefore very inexpensive.
  • FIGS. 11 to 13 The arrangement shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 is again a radiator with a circular outline, in which case the arrangement sits in a housing 30.
  • the housing 30 has a trough element 31, on the bottom of which an insulating film 23 is seated. On its upper side, the housing 30 is covered by a cover element 33.
  • the cover element 33 is held over flanges 34 of the edge 35 of the trough element 31.
  • the two sit between the cover element 33 and the bottom 32 of the tub element 31 Heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ', between which - as in the previously shown embodiment - the PTC elements 1 are arranged.
  • the electrical contact is made as shown previously (see Fig. 13a).
  • the cover element 33 is electrically insulated from the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ′ by an insulating layer 23.
  • the insulating layer 23 can be replaced, for example, by an oxide layer of the housing material, which is relatively easy, in particular when aluminum is used as the housing material.
  • FIGS. 11 to 13 has a special feature in that the spring element and the part necessary for clamping are secured by the flange 34, which is opposed to an inclined surface in the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 '(see FIGS. 12 and 13). If one attaches the conveyor 34, not only does a force acting perpendicular to the trough bottom 32, but also a force parallel to the trough bottom act on the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ', so that these are moved or pressed towards one another, in which case the PTC elements 1 are set.
  • a further advantage in the arrangement shown in FIG. 11 is ensured by a circular recess in the interior of the element or by semi-circular recesses on both heat dissipation elements 10, 10 '. This recess namely achieves a certain thermal decoupling between the two PTC elements 1.
  • the assembly of the arrangement can be facilitated by - as shown in FIG. 13 - arranging an insulating strip in the gap between the two heat dissipation elements 10, 10 'onto which the PTC elements 1 are placed before the cover 33 is put on ( see Fig. 13a).
  • FIG. 16 differs from that according to FIG. 12 in that the tub element 31 is an integral part of the body 40 to be heated.
  • the cover 33 is fixed and the two heat dissipation elements 10, 10 'are clamped together, as also explained with reference to FIG. 13 above.
  • FIGS. 17 and 19 are intended to clarify that individual elements, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, can also be combined very well into groups.
  • This arrangement has the particular advantage that there is sufficient electrical contact between the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ', but on the other hand a very slight thermal coupling is to be expected due to the linear contact, which in turn improves the control behavior of the arrangements.
  • the heat dissipation elements 10, 10 ' also serve again for electrical contacting, the (circular) busbars 21 and 21' being simultaneously used as spring elements 20 in the interior of the arrangements according to FIGS. 17 and 18 can serve.
  • the disk elements according to FIGS. 14 and 15 can also be set up in linear arrangements, as shown in FIG. 19.
  • the advantage of sufficient thermal decoupling arises, this arrangement being particularly lightly designed over a large area can be because you can put any number of individual "heating discs" in a grid of busbars 21-22-21 ...
  • the heating discs according to FIGS. 14 and 15 it is advantageous if they are manufactured as prefabricated individual parts by fixing the PTC elements 1 between two heat dissipation elements 10, 10 'by means of an (electrically conductive) adhesive. These elements can then also be electrically insulated on their heat-emitting surfaces 11 (top and bottom) by a lacquer or in another manner known per se, but the edge of the elements must remain electrically conductive.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP87107420A 1986-05-26 1987-05-21 Elektrischer Heizkörper Expired - Lifetime EP0248285B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3617679 1986-05-26
DE19863617679 DE3617679A1 (de) 1986-05-26 1986-05-26 Elektrischer heizkoerper

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0248285A1 EP0248285A1 (de) 1987-12-09
EP0248285B1 true EP0248285B1 (de) 1991-04-10

Family

ID=6301662

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87107420A Expired - Lifetime EP0248285B1 (de) 1986-05-26 1987-05-21 Elektrischer Heizkörper

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0248285B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3617679A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2022198B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD301817B5 (de) * 1989-01-02 1994-03-31 Espv Elektronik Sys Prod & Vertriebs Gmbh Selbstregelnde elektrische heizeinrichtung mit ptc-heizelementen
DE19600069C2 (de) * 1996-01-03 2002-07-11 Walther Menhardt Elektrischer PTC-Heizkörper
DE10017816C2 (de) 2000-04-10 2002-11-14 Vontana Ind Gmbh & Co Kg Heizungsvorrichtung mit elektrischen Heizelementen für Wasserbetten
DE102012220432A1 (de) * 2012-11-09 2014-05-15 Mahle International Gmbh Vorheizeinrichtung für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage
DE102012220433A1 (de) * 2012-11-09 2014-05-15 Mahle International Gmbh Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage mit Vorheizeinrichtung
DE102012220429A1 (de) * 2012-11-09 2014-05-15 Mahle International Gmbh Vorheizeinrichtung für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage
DE102014215433A1 (de) * 2014-08-05 2016-02-11 Mahle International Gmbh Startverfahren für eine Brennkraftmaschine

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2292395A1 (fr) * 1974-11-20 1976-06-18 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Generateur de chaleur scelle thermostatique
DE2804818C2 (de) * 1978-02-04 1986-12-11 Fritz Eichenauer GmbH & Co KG, 6744 Kandel Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
DE2804860A1 (de) * 1978-02-04 1979-08-16 Eichenauer Fa Fritz Elektrische widerstandsheizeinrichtung
US4346285A (en) * 1979-04-28 1982-08-24 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Heating device employing thermistor with positive coefficient characteristic
EP0022878B1 (de) * 1979-07-18 1984-02-22 Elpag Ag Chur Heizeinrichtung für elektrisch beheizte Geräte
DE3042420A1 (de) * 1980-11-11 1982-06-24 Fritz Eichenauer GmbH & Co KG, 6744 Kandel Elektrischer heizkoerper mit ein oder mehreren flachen, quaderfoermigen heizelementen
DE3425208A1 (de) * 1984-07-09 1986-01-16 VEB Elektrowärme Altenburg, DDR 7400 Altenburg Heizanordnung fuer elektrische waermegeraete mit ptc-heizelementen
DE8507557U1 (de) * 1985-03-14 1985-09-05 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Heizelement zum Erwärmen von strömenden, insbesondere gasförmigen Medien

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2022198B3 (es) 1991-12-01
DE3769203D1 (de) 1991-05-16
EP0248285A1 (de) 1987-12-09
DE3617679C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-03-03
DE3617679A1 (de) 1987-12-03

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