EP0247423A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour séparer un mélange hétérogène de matières solides en fractions - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour séparer un mélange hétérogène de matières solides en fractions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0247423A2
EP0247423A2 EP87106802A EP87106802A EP0247423A2 EP 0247423 A2 EP0247423 A2 EP 0247423A2 EP 87106802 A EP87106802 A EP 87106802A EP 87106802 A EP87106802 A EP 87106802A EP 0247423 A2 EP0247423 A2 EP 0247423A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sieve plate
fractions
separating
essentially
sieve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87106802A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0247423A3 (fr
Inventor
Josef Frei
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ORGAN-FASER TECHNOLOGY Co NV
Original Assignee
ORGAN-FASER TECHNOLOGY Co NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ORGAN-FASER TECHNOLOGY Co NV filed Critical ORGAN-FASER TECHNOLOGY Co NV
Publication of EP0247423A2 publication Critical patent/EP0247423A2/fr
Publication of EP0247423A3 publication Critical patent/EP0247423A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B03B4/02—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using swinging or shaking tables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for performing the method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a separation of the substances is required, with the specific weight or density of the substances being a suitable separation criterion.
  • Many methods of separation are known in practice, e.g. Wind sifting, throwing sifting, flotation and so on. These known methods and associated devices for carrying out these methods are relatively complex and they also take up a relatively large space in order to bring about a defined separation of the fractions.
  • the invention has for its object to simplify a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for performing the method. This object is solved by the characterizing features of claims 1 and 2, respectively.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are characterized by simple measures which enable a defined separation of the fractions. There is no need to use liquid, as is the case with flotation, and no throwing distances, as is the case with wind sifting. Therefore, the measures according to the invention can also be implemented in a relatively small space.
  • the material to be separated by the Vibration is distributed on the bottom to a thin flat current, which receives the tendency due to the directional vibration to flow upwards on the sieve bottom in the given direction of flow.
  • the metered air flow flowing through the sieve bottom from below has the effect that when the material flow layer becomes thinner the air can penetrate the latter and creates an air cushion.
  • the lighter parts of the material are lifted off so that they float slightly, whereby they lose or at least reduce their contact with the sieve bottom. As a result, the movement drive for the lighter material parts is also reduced. Since the lighter material parts are prevented from flowing back by the inflowing material, a lateral movement component arises, as a result of which the lighter material parts are pushed to the side. The lighter the material parts, the greater this lateral movement component. As a result, there is a lateral order of the material parts according to the weight, so that it is possible to remove the fractions at the outlet points located one behind the other.
  • one can distinguish two conveying movements namely an active conveying movement which is generated by the directional vibration and a passive conveying movement which is directed transversely to the former.
  • the inclination of the sieve bottom also works with the lateral conveying movement. Therefore, the order of the material parts is based on an imaginary line that includes an acute angle with the active conveying movement, which is open against the active conveying movement.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are therefore advantageously suitable for separating the constituents of waste or waste.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized by simple components and thus by a simple construction. In addition, it can only be operated with low energy expenditure, since the measures for separating the material are very simple.
  • the embodiment according to claim 3 enables lossless removal of the fractions. It is also possible to combine the webs as diversion baffles or with diversion baffles that favorably influence the separation process, thereby improving the separation process.
  • Claims 5 and 6 relate to the air flow supply and also include simple measures, wherein according to claim 7 dust separation or the extraction of a further light fraction is possible.
  • the material feed through a feed pipe according to claim 14 enables clean operation because a pipe can be inserted tightly into a hood arranged above the sieve bottom.
  • the device according to the invention is used in a processing plant for household, commercial and other similar waste according to the known Jetzer and / or Orfa systems.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for separating the heavy fraction of an upstream separation device.
  • Very good results are achieved if the separating device according to the invention is arranged downstream of separating devices according to German patent applications P 36 l4 325.l and P 36 l4 324.3.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to divide this heavy fraction into several basic material fractions, such as glass, metals, basic metals, plastic, rubber and light grain (wood etc.), but in at least three fractions, namely glass, metals (non-ferrous metals) and an energy fraction consisting of plastic , Rubber, wood and other energy substances.
  • the constituents of this heavy fraction can thus be used in a targeted manner, the energy fraction being particularly suitable for energy generation by combustion.
  • the device generally designated by 1, has a pot-shaped container 2, the bottom of which is formed by a fine-mesh sieve bottom 3.
  • the container 2 has the cross-sectional shape of a trapezoid, the mutually parallel sides of which are designated by 4 and 5. With the exception of the long side 5, side walls 6 extend from the sieve bottom 3 at its edge, which essentially constitute the shape of the container.
  • the container 2 is assigned four legs 7, which results in the shape of a table.
  • the substantially flat sieve bottom 3 is arranged inclined, in such a way that in the area of the left upper corner in FIG. 1 there is the deepest point labeled A and in the area of the lower front corner the highest point labeled D. The inclination of the sieve bottom 3 thus extends from D to A, cf. Arrow 8.
  • the long side 5 is divided into four areas by three vertical webs 9, which represent outlet openings 11 to 14.
  • the webs 9 are arranged so that they protrude slightly with their inner pointed ends onto the sieve plate 3, but with a greater part of their length l project beyond the long side 5 and thus form guide walls.
  • the overflow plate l5 lifts with its upper-side curvature by the dimension a (FIG. 3) from the plane of the sieve bottom 3 and extends vertically downward with its front end, whereby a chute l6 is formed.
  • the chute 16 is preferably also on the top and delimited on the front by walls l7, l8, thereby avoiding contamination of the surroundings, for example dust formation during operation.
  • the webs 9 extend in the chute l6 to pyramid or conical tapered discharge nozzles l9, which ensures the separation of the fractions emerging through the outlet openings ll to l4 during operation of the device.
  • Suitable vessels can be arranged below the discharge pipe l9, or further conveying devices can also be connected.
  • the material feed is formed by a down pipe 25, which starts from a horizontal feed pipe 26 and opens in the area of the lowest point A of the sieve plate 3 above the latter.
  • the downpipe 25 is passed through the housing 23.
  • the device 1 is assigned a vibrator for the purpose of generating directional vibrations which, during operation, bring about an upward-directed conveying movement (arrow 27) of the material to be separated which is opposite to the inclination (arrow 8).
  • An unbalance drive can be used as a vibrator.
  • the container 2 is elastically suspended at four points, for which purpose coil springs or rubber oscillating elements 28, which are integrated in the legs 7, are used.
  • the heterogeneous material to be separated which is fed through the downpipe 25 onto the sieve plate 3, is distributed to form a thin flat stream which, due to the particular vibration, moves upwards on the sieve plate 3 in the direction of the conveying movement 27, i.e. to D or also to positions B, C.
  • the blower air flow fed through the connecting piece 22 penetrates the material layer and creates an air cushion between the material layer and the sieve bottom 3.
  • the thin material layer reaches the zone of the air poster, the light material parts are lifted off so that they reduce their contact with the sieve bottom 3, as a result of which the conveying action on these light material parts diminishes or ceases.
  • the device 1 is integrated in the treatment plant for waste or refuse.
  • the waste passes from a waste bunker 35 via a conveyor 36 to a pre-shredder 37, where the waste is pre-shredded to a size that enables the subsequent magnetic separation and air separation.
  • the pre-shredded waste falls from the pre-shredder onto a conveyor 38, to which two magnetic separators 39, 4l in the form of a lifting device and a roller are assigned, for the separation of ferromagnetic materials, which are initially a bunker 42 and then a press 43 for packaging and storage of the ferromagnetic Materials are fed.
  • a wind sifter in the form of a suction unit 44 with a combined screening device 45 is assigned to the end of the conveyor 38, in which the waste supplied is separated into first three fractions, namely a fine fraction 46, a heavy fraction 47 and a light fraction 48.
  • the heavy fraction 47 becomes a shredder 49 and the light fraction 48 are fed to a shredder 50 for the purpose of further shredding to a piece size of approximately 6 mm, in particular for the heavy fraction 47.
  • the first three fractions 46 to 48 are brought together and transferred to a collecting container 52, from which the waste treated so far is transferred to a drying and sterilization unit 53 arrives.
  • the dried waste then passes through a further separating device 54, an ozone treatment device 55 and a further separating device 56.
  • the processing plant is described and illustrated so far in DE-PS 3l O5 597, to which reference is made.
  • the heavy fraction of the separator 56 is through the feed pipe 26th supplied to the device l. From this heavy fraction, metals, glass, plastic as well as rubber and light grain such as wood etc. are sorted out in the manner already described and collection containers 57 to 60 are supplied.
  • the light fraction of the separating device 26 is separated by means of air separators 6l or separators and a filter 63 into a further coarse and fine sheet or fibrous fraction and dust which can be deposited in collecting containers.
  • the dust-containing air flow coming from the device 1 is also fed to the filter 63 for the purpose of separation.
  • the fourth exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 differs from the previously described second exemplary embodiment in that the separating device 56 is replaced by a separating device 71 described in the patent application P 36 l4 324.3 of the applicant. Reference is also made to this patent application P 36 l4 324.3.
  • the separating device 7l has a container 72 for holding the material which has been pretreated so far, to which is assigned a vibrator which generates the vibration of the specific heavy material parts downwards and the specific light material parts upwards, and at least two at different heights Removal devices 73, 74 are assigned for the purpose of removing a light and a heavy fraction.
  • a middle removal device 75 can also be provided for removing a limit fraction, which can be fed back into the material feed for the separating device 71.
  • the heavy fraction of the separating device 7l is fed to the separating device 1 according to the invention for the purpose of fractionation into the desired, previously described materials.
  • the light fraction of the separating device 71 is separated by means of an air separator 75 or separator and a filter 76 into a sheet or fibrous light fraction and dust, collecting containers also being provided for depositing these materials.
  • the dust-containing air stream 29 of the device 1 according to the invention is fed to the filter 76 or dust separator for the purpose of separation.

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  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP87106802A 1986-05-20 1987-05-11 Procédé et dispositif pour séparer un mélange hétérogène de matières solides en fractions Withdrawn EP0247423A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3616946 1986-05-20
DE19863616946 DE3616946A1 (de) 1986-05-20 1986-05-20 Verfahren zum trennen einer heterogenen menge aus festem material in fraktionen und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0247423A2 true EP0247423A2 (fr) 1987-12-02
EP0247423A3 EP0247423A3 (fr) 1988-11-17

Family

ID=6301218

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87106802A Withdrawn EP0247423A3 (fr) 1986-05-20 1987-05-11 Procédé et dispositif pour séparer un mélange hétérogène de matières solides en fractions

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0247423A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE3616946A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0280127A2 (fr) * 1987-02-27 1988-08-31 OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO S.p.A. Séparateur pneumatique vibrant pour le tri par densité de produits en vrac hétérogènes
WO1994020232A1 (fr) 1993-03-03 1994-09-15 Evergreen Global Resources, Inc. Procede de traitement de dechets solides

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4214064C2 (de) * 1992-04-30 1996-10-02 Infan Gmbh Verfahren zur rückstandsfreien Baustoffgewinnung
DE102007001809A1 (de) * 2007-01-12 2008-07-17 Alexander Koslow Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aussondern von Materialien schwerer als Kunststoff, insbesondere Metallen, durch Flotation in einem reinen Wasserbad, bei der Trennung von Kunststoffen unterschiedlicher Dichte
DE102007024048B4 (de) * 2007-05-23 2011-08-25 Koslow, Alexander, 84036 Verfahren zum Trennen eines Abfallgemenges von Gummi und Holz

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3105597A1 (de) * 1980-12-24 1982-09-30 Orfa AG, Killwangen Verfahren zur herstellung eines faser- und/oder granulatmaterials, vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens und verwendung des faser- und/oder granulatmaterials
CH637037A5 (en) * 1978-03-21 1983-07-15 Alpine Ag Device for separating heavy material and light material of a solids mixture

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH637037A5 (en) * 1978-03-21 1983-07-15 Alpine Ag Device for separating heavy material and light material of a solids mixture
DE3105597A1 (de) * 1980-12-24 1982-09-30 Orfa AG, Killwangen Verfahren zur herstellung eines faser- und/oder granulatmaterials, vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens und verwendung des faser- und/oder granulatmaterials

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0280127A2 (fr) * 1987-02-27 1988-08-31 OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO S.p.A. Séparateur pneumatique vibrant pour le tri par densité de produits en vrac hétérogènes
EP0280127A3 (en) * 1987-02-27 1989-06-07 Officine Meccaniche Ferrero S.P.A. Pneumodensitometric vibrating separator for sorting of heterogeneous bulk products
WO1994020232A1 (fr) 1993-03-03 1994-09-15 Evergreen Global Resources, Inc. Procede de traitement de dechets solides
EP0693979A1 (fr) * 1993-03-03 1996-01-31 Evergreen Global Resources, Inc. Procede de traitement de dechets solides
EP0693979A4 (fr) * 1993-03-03 1999-01-07 Evergreen Global Resources Inc Procede de traitement de dechets solides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0247423A3 (fr) 1988-11-17
DE3616946A1 (de) 1987-11-26

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