EP0244521A1 - Démarreur de moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Démarreur de moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0244521A1
EP0244521A1 EP86303445A EP86303445A EP0244521A1 EP 0244521 A1 EP0244521 A1 EP 0244521A1 EP 86303445 A EP86303445 A EP 86303445A EP 86303445 A EP86303445 A EP 86303445A EP 0244521 A1 EP0244521 A1 EP 0244521A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
starter
temperature sensor
retainer member
contact
bimetallic element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86303445A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0244521B1 (fr
Inventor
Sadayoshi Kazino
Naoki Yoshikawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OFFERTA DI LICENZA AL PUBBLICO
Original Assignee
NipponDenso Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=26104171&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0244521(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from JP59236317A external-priority patent/JPS61116071A/ja
Application filed by NipponDenso Co Ltd filed Critical NipponDenso Co Ltd
Priority to EP86303445A priority Critical patent/EP0244521B1/fr
Publication of EP0244521A1 publication Critical patent/EP0244521A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0244521B1 publication Critical patent/EP0244521B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/504—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by thermal means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/10—Safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/06—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the power supply or driving circuits for the starter
    • F02N2200/066—Relay temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H01F2027/406—Temperature sensor or protection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a starter for an internal combustion engine.
  • the prior art starter has a self-­heating bimetallic element connected electrically in series to a starter switch and to be moved into contact with a first stationary contact electrically connected to a point of connection between attracting and holding coils which form exciting coils for a plunger.
  • the starter switch is connected to an electrical power source formed by a battery. When electrical current has passed through the bimetallic element and the holding coil to a starter motor for a predetermined time period, the bimetallic element is heated to a predetermined temperature level.
  • the predetermined temperature level is sufficiently high enough to cause the bimetallic element to snap away from the first stationary contact into electrical contact with a second stationary contact which is gounded through a resistor. Heat is produced continuously in the bimetallic element by the electrical current continuously passing through the bimetallic element.
  • the bimetallic element is kept separated from the first stationary contact so long as the starter switch is kept closed. This advantageously prevents the starter motor from being damaged by overheating or overrun which would otherwise be caused when the starter switch accidentally fails to be opened.
  • prior art starter requires two stationary contacts, i.e., the first and second stationary contacts associated with the bimetallic element. This disadvantageously increases the size of the temperature sensor formed by the bimetallic unit of the prior art.
  • the present invention has its object to eliminate the problems and shortcomings of the prior art discussed above.
  • the present invention provides an engine starter which includes: a starter switch electrically connected to an electric power source; a pinion axially movable into and out of meshing engagement with the ring gear; a plunger for moving the pinion towards the ring gear and having a first movable contact at one end; first and second stationary contacts both so positioned as to be contacted by the first movable contact; exciting coil means for moving the plunger towards the first and second stationary contacts, the exciting coil means comprising a first holding coil and a second sttracting coil; a starter motor adapted to be energized when the first contact is moved into contact with the first and second stationary contacts to electrically connect them together, the starter motor being drivingly connected to the pinion; a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of one of the first and second coils; the first and second coils having windings electrically connected in series at their one ends; a relay including normally open contacts electri­cally connected in series to the electrical power source and the connection between the windings of the first and second coils and
  • the bimetallic element of the temperature sensor is disposed adjacent to one of the first and second coils of the plunger exciting coil means.
  • the temperature sensor is electrically connected in series to the relay coil and the ground.
  • the present invention also provides an engine starter which include a starter switch; a magnetic switch operative when the starter switch is turned on and including exciting coil means; a starter motor electrically connected to the magnet switch for driving the engine; a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the exciting coil means, the temperature sensor being operative to interrupt the electrical supply to the starter motor when the temperature of the exciting coil means is raised to a predetermined level; and a retainer member operative to hold the temperature sensor in position adjacent to the exciting coil means and being shaped such that a space is left between the temperature sensor and the retainer member.
  • the space is effective to advantageously thermally isolate the temperature sensor from the roof or bottom of the recess.
  • an engine starter includes a motor 13 having an armature 13a mounted on a shaft 14 for rotation therewith.
  • the shaft 14 is rotatably supported at one end by a motor housing and at the other end by a starter housing 22 and carries a spline tube 15 mounted for rotation with the shaft 14 and for axial movement with respect to the shaft 14.
  • a uni-directional clutch 16 is mounted on the outer periphery of the spline tube 15 axially outwardly of a retainer 19 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the spline tube 15.
  • a pinion 17 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 14 between the said other end thereof and the unidirectional clutch 16 and adapted to be drivingly connected to and disconnected from the spline tube 15 by the operation of the unidirectional clutch 16.
  • a lever 21 is pivotally mounted by a pivot pin 21a on the starter housing 22 and has an end engaged with a joint section 8 of a plunger 7 to be described later.
  • the other end of the lever 21 is slidably engaged with an annular groove in the outer peripheral surface of the retainer 19 so that, when the lever 21 is pivotally moved by the plunger 7 in clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 1, the spline shaft 15 is axially moved on the shaft 14 leftwards as viewed in Fig. 1 to bring the pinion 17 into contact with a ring gear 18 of an associated internal combustion engine (not shown) to start the operation thereof.
  • the plunger 7 is axially movably mounted in an annular bobbin 2 which is housed in a plunger casing 1 which in turn is mounted on the starter housing 22.
  • the plunger 7 has an annular flange 7d adjacent to the joint section 8 of the plunger.
  • a return spring 10 formed by a compression coil spring extends around the plunger 7 and between the flange 7d and one end of the casing 1.
  • the end of the plunger 7 remote from the joint section 8 carries a movable contact 9 movable with the plunger 7 into and out of electrically conductive engagement with first and second stationary contacts 11a and 11b mounted on a magnet switch casing 11 fixed to the other end of the plunger casing 1.
  • the plunger casing 1 has a generally cylindrical outer peripheral wall a part of which is exposed at the top of the starter. A rectangular hole or opening 1a is formed in the exposed top of the plunger casing 1. A switch 4 is mounted in the hole 1a by means of a retainer member 5 and a cover member 6, as will be described in more detail later. Inner attracting coil 3a and an outer holding coil 3b are wound on the bobbin 2 and enclosed by the plunger casing 1, as shown in Fig. 1. One end of the winding of the houding coil 3b is grounded.
  • the switch 4 is of normally closed type and forms a temperature sensor.
  • the switch 4 may be formed, for example, by the self-holding, plastic type thermal protector manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Japan.
  • the switch 4 includes a third stationary contact 4b connected by a lead 4d to a plus terminal and a bimetallic element 4c disposed in substantially parallel relationship with the stationary contact 4b and connected by another lead 4e to the minus terminal, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • a heater formed by a PTC element 4a is disposed between one ends of the stationary contact 4b and the bimetallic element 4c.
  • a movable contact 4g is secured to the free end of the bime­tallic element 4c and normally held in electrically conductive engagement with the free end of the stationary contact 4b to close a circuit.
  • the retainer member 5 by which the switch 4 is mounted on the plunger casing 1, as described previously, is formed from an elastomeric material such as rubber and includes an outer peripheral flange section 5a of an arcuate cross-section suited for intimate and sealing engagement with the cylindrical outer surface of the plunger casing 1.
  • a rectangular recess 5b is formed in the inner side of the retainer member 5 centrally thereof to receive and retain the switch 4 in the manner shown in Fig. 1.
  • the retainer member 5 is mounted on the plunger casing 1 with the recess 5b faced inwardly.
  • a guide section 5c is formed by a rectangular projection or bead disposed outwardly of and surrounding the rectangular recess 5b.
  • the guide section 5c projects into the opening 1a in the plunger casing 1.
  • a pair of protrusions 5d are formed integrally with the two opposed shorter sides of the rectangular recess 5b.
  • a pair of generally cylindrical projections 5g are formed on the outer side of the retainer member 5 in the flange section 5c thereof.
  • the projections 5g are formed therein with through-holes 5e for the leads 4d and 4e of the switch 4.
  • the recess 5b is laterally enlarged by notches or cutouts 5f formed in the longer sides of the recess 5b.
  • a pair of screw holes 5h are formed in the longitudinal end portions of the flange 5a.
  • the rectangular guide section 5c is slightly cut or recessed at 5i between one of the protrusions 5d and the lead holes 5e to provide a recess or groove for the leads 4d and 4e extending from the switch 4 in the recess 5b to the lead holes 5e.
  • the cover member 6 by which the retainer member 5 is fixed to the plunger casing 1 is formed of a metal and serves to protect the retainer member 5.
  • the cover member 6 is disposed in superposed relationship with the retainer member 5, as will be seen in Fig.
  • the switch 4 In mounting the switch 4 on the plunger casing 1, the switch 4 is fitted into the recess 5b in the retainer member 5 with the two leads 4d and 4e extending from the switch 4 through the groove 5i in the guide section 5c into and through the lead holes 5e. Then, the assembly of the re­tainer member 5 and the switch 4 is mounted on the plunger casing 1 with the guide section 5c fitted into the opening 1a. Thereafter, the cover member 6 is placed on the retainer member 5 and then fixed with the retainer member to the plunger casing 1 by means of screws 12, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the resiliency of the projections 5d urges the switch 4 resiliently into thermally conductive engagement with the outer peripheral surface of the outer holding coil 3b, as best seen in Fig. 7.
  • a space 5j is formed between the switch 4 and the inner surface of the roof of the recess 5b of the retainer member 5 to thermally isolate the outer surface of the switch 4 from the roof of the recess 5b of the retainer member 5.
  • the cylindrical projections 5g of rubber prevent the leads 4d and 4e therein from being broken by repeated flexion.
  • the retainer member 5 also serves to seal the opening 1a against water, dusts and so forth.
  • Fig. 6 shows an electrical circuitry of the starter described above.
  • the first stationary contact 11a is electrically connected to the plus terminal of the battery 23, while the second stationary contact 11b is electrically connected through a field coil 13b to the armature 13a of the motor 13.
  • the attracting coil 3a is electrically connected at one end to the second contact 11b and to the holding coil 3b at the other end.
  • a relay 25 includes nor­mally open contacts 25a one of which is electrically connected to the plus terminal of the battery 23 and the other of which is electrically connected to the connection between the attracting and holding coils 3a and 3b.
  • the lead 4d of the normally open switch or temperature sensor 4 is electrically connected to one end of a coil 25b of the relay 25, the other end of the coil 25b being connected through a starter switch 24 to the plus terminal of the battery 23.
  • the other lead 4e of the switch 4 is grounded.
  • the relay coil 25b is energized to close the normally open contacts 25a of the relay, so that DC current now passes through the relay 25 to the attracting coil 3a and the holding coil 3b.
  • the coils 3a and 3b are energized to move the plunger 7 towards the first and second stationary contacts 11a and 11b.
  • the plunger 7 rightwardly pulls the upper end of the lever 21 engaged with the joint section 8 of the plunger 7, so that the lever 21 is rotated about the pivot pin 21a clockwise to axially move the spline tube 15, the unidirectional clutch 16 and thus the pinion 17 towards the ring gear 18.
  • the starter switch 24 will be opened to interrupt the electrical supply to the relay coil 25, so that the contacts 25a of the relay 25 are moved to their normal open positions whereby the electrical supply to the attracting and holding coils 3a and 3b is interrupted.
  • the return spring 10 moves the plunger 7 and the lever 21 to their initial positions.
  • the pinion 17 is moved out of meshing engagement with the ring gear 18.
  • the starter switch 24 could not be turned off in mechanical and electrical points of view, the starter would be operated continuously.
  • the movable contact 9 is kept in contact with the first and second stationary contacts 11a and 11b.
  • the attracting coil 3a and the second stationary contact 11b are at the same potential, so that no electrical current will pass through the attracting coil 3a.
  • current will continuously pass through the holding coil 3b.
  • the temperature of the holding coil 3b will rise with the lapse of time.
  • the normally closed switch or temperature sensor 4 is designed to be opened when the temperature of the holding coil 3b is raised to substantially 100°C.
  • the temperature of the holding coil 3b is raised to about 100°C by continuous supply of current to the coil for five minutes.
  • the bimetallic element 4c snaps to move the contact 4g away from the stationary contact 4b, as shown in Fig. 3. Then, the flow of the electrical current through the relay coil 25b is decreased by the PTC heater 4a with a result that the relay contacts 25a are moved to the normally open position to interrupt the electrical supply to the holding and attracting coils 3b and 3a. Thus, the starter operation is stopped to prevent the starter from being damaged by overrun.
  • the bimetallic element 4c snaps to move the movable contact 4g away from the stationary contact 4b, the latter is grounded through the PTC heater 4a, the bimetallic element 4c and the lead 4e.
  • the PTC heater 4a is immediately heated due to the PTC characteristic thereof to keet the bimetallic element at a temperature higher than a temperature level (about 80°) at which the bimetallic element 4c resumes its initial position.
  • the normally closed switch 4 is kept open even if the temperature of the thus deenergized holding coil 3b is lowered by natural radiation of heat to a level lower than the temperature at which the bimetallic element 4c resumes its initial position.
  • the saturation current passing through the PTC heater 4a at this time is about 15mA which is greatly lower than 2A at which the relay 25 is operated.
  • the PTC heater 4a of the normally closed switch 4 is deenergized to allow the bimetallic element 4c to be cooled by natural radiation of heat through the holding coil 3b, the retainer member 5 and the cover member 6.
  • the bimetallic element returns to its normally closed position to move the movable contact 4g into contact with the stationary contact 4b, so that the starter is ready for re-starting.
  • the starter can be re-started after the lapse of about 10 seconds after the starter switch 24 is turned-off.
  • the starter switch 24 is repeatedly turned on and off either when the pinion 17 is not well engaged with ring gear 18 or when the movable contact 9 on the plunger 7 is not brought into a good electrically conductive contact with the first and second stationary contacts 11a and 11b, the attracting coil 3a is fed with electrical current. However, because the current passing through the attracting coil 3a is at a high rate, the attracting coil is heated radpidly. The normally closed switch 4, therefore, is heated by the heat produced in the attractive and holding coils 3a and 3b. Accordingly, the electrical supply to the attracting and holding coils 3a and 3b is interrupted for the same reason as described above. In the case where the normally closed switch 4 is designed to be opened at 100°C, a continuous supply of current at 12V for about one minute is sufficient to open the normally closed switch 4.
  • the normally closed switch or temperature sensor 4 is disposed in contact with the outer periphery of the hold coil 3b.
  • the holding coil 3b may alterna­tively be disposed radially inwardly of the attracting coil 3a.
  • the temperature sensor 4 may be disposed in contact with or adjacent to the outer peripheral surface of the outer attracting coil 3a.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates modification to the temperature sensor 4.
  • the PTC heater 4a of the previously described and illustrated embodiment is replaced by a heater formed by a coil 4f wound around the bimetallic element 4c and having ends electrically connected to the stationary contact 4b and the bimetallic element 4.
  • the coil 4f is energized to keep the bimetallic element 4c at a temperature higher than a level at which the bimetallic element is returned to the closed position.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
EP86303445A 1984-11-08 1986-05-07 Démarreur de moteur à combustion interne Expired EP0244521B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86303445A EP0244521B1 (fr) 1984-11-08 1986-05-07 Démarreur de moteur à combustion interne

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59236317A JPS61116071A (ja) 1984-11-08 1984-11-08 スタ−タ
EP86303445A EP0244521B1 (fr) 1984-11-08 1986-05-07 Démarreur de moteur à combustion interne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0244521A1 true EP0244521A1 (fr) 1987-11-11
EP0244521B1 EP0244521B1 (fr) 1989-05-03

Family

ID=26104171

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86303445A Expired EP0244521B1 (fr) 1984-11-08 1986-05-07 Démarreur de moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0244521B1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991000960A1 (fr) * 1989-07-08 1991-01-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Circuit de protection du demarreur
EP0537754A1 (fr) * 1991-10-15 1993-04-21 INDUSTRIE MAGNETI MARELLI S.p.A. Système de démarrage pour un moteur à combustion interne
US7650865B2 (en) * 2007-05-07 2010-01-26 Honda Motor Company, Ltd. Power equipment apparatus having engine with electric starter motor and manual starter mechanism
WO2012019866A1 (fr) * 2010-08-09 2012-02-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Démarreur pour moteur à combustion interne de véhicule automobile, comprenant un commutateur polymère
CN104806411A (zh) * 2014-01-24 2015-07-29 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 驾驶员输出编码系统和方法
DE102015224278A1 (de) * 2015-12-04 2017-06-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektromagnetisches Relais, insbesondere Starterrelais für eine Startvorrichtung
DE102018109263A1 (de) 2018-04-18 2019-10-24 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Starterrelais für eine Startvorrichtung

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015207986A1 (de) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2068661A (en) * 1980-01-23 1981-08-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Switching mechanism for an electrical starting device for an internal combustion engine
DE8223614U1 (de) * 1982-08-21 1985-05-09 Limitor AG, 8022 Zürich Bimetallschutzschalter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2068661A (en) * 1980-01-23 1981-08-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Switching mechanism for an electrical starting device for an internal combustion engine
DE8223614U1 (de) * 1982-08-21 1985-05-09 Limitor AG, 8022 Zürich Bimetallschutzschalter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 9, no. 100 (M-376)[1823], 2nd May 1985; & JP-A-59 224 464 (NIPPON DENSO K.K.) 17-12-1984 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991000960A1 (fr) * 1989-07-08 1991-01-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Circuit de protection du demarreur
AU627851B2 (en) * 1989-07-08 1992-09-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Engine-starter protection circuit
EP0537754A1 (fr) * 1991-10-15 1993-04-21 INDUSTRIE MAGNETI MARELLI S.p.A. Système de démarrage pour un moteur à combustion interne
US7650865B2 (en) * 2007-05-07 2010-01-26 Honda Motor Company, Ltd. Power equipment apparatus having engine with electric starter motor and manual starter mechanism
WO2012019866A1 (fr) * 2010-08-09 2012-02-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Démarreur pour moteur à combustion interne de véhicule automobile, comprenant un commutateur polymère
CN104806411A (zh) * 2014-01-24 2015-07-29 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 驾驶员输出编码系统和方法
DE102015224278A1 (de) * 2015-12-04 2017-06-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektromagnetisches Relais, insbesondere Starterrelais für eine Startvorrichtung
DE102018109263A1 (de) 2018-04-18 2019-10-24 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Starterrelais für eine Startvorrichtung

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