EP0240120A2 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0240120A2 EP0240120A2 EP87301382A EP87301382A EP0240120A2 EP 0240120 A2 EP0240120 A2 EP 0240120A2 EP 87301382 A EP87301382 A EP 87301382A EP 87301382 A EP87301382 A EP 87301382A EP 0240120 A2 EP0240120 A2 EP 0240120A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- head
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- passageways
- block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F7/0002—Cylinder arrangements
- F02F7/0007—Crankcases of engines with cylinders in line
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
- F01M11/02—Arrangements of lubricant conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
- F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
- F02B2075/1804—Number of cylinders
- F02B2075/1816—Number of cylinders four
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/18—DOHC [Double overhead camshaft]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
- F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
- F02B75/20—Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders all in one line
Definitions
- This invention relates to internal combustion engines.
- the invention provides an internal combustion engine having tensile members for securing the cylinder head to the cylinder block, the tensile members extending to and being secured to retaining means for the crankshaft bearings, and having passageways extending through the block surrounding each tensile member, the passageways communicating both with the valve gear region of the cylinder head and with the crankcase region of the engine.
- the passageways permit crankcase ventilation and, in a suitable engine orientation, permit lubricating oil to return from the valve gear cover to the sump.
- the diameter of the passageways at the head/block interface is at least twice the diameter of the tensile members: the reduced contact area between the head and the block increases the pressure at the interface and hence the sealing ability between the head and the block.
- each passageway is surrounded at the head/block interface by a wall which extends around a part of the periphery of a cylinder.
- the walls of passageways between cylinders extend around part of the periphery of each cylinder.
- the engine comprises a cylinder head indicated generally by the reference numeral 1, a block formed integrally with the upper part of the crankcase indicated generally by the reference numberal 2, the lower part of the crankcase indicated generally by the reference numeral 3, and a retaining member 4.
- Valve gear (not shown) operated by twin overhead camshafts 5 and 6 is provided.
- a valve gear cover (not shown) is provided.
- the block is designed to receive wet cylinder liners (not shown).
- the head and sections 2, 3, 4 of the engine are made of aluminium.
- the lower part of the crankcase 3 is formed integrally with the main bearing caps 9 and is secured to the upper parts by bolts 10 and 11.
- the two parts of the crankcase are split about a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axes and passing through the centre of the crankshaft.
- the bearing caps house the usual bearing bushes 12 forming the main bearing for the crankshaft 13.
- the retaining member 4 is secured to the lower part of the crankcase 3 by means of bolts 14, 15.
- the heads of tensile members in the form of steel bolts 16, 17 attach the cylinder head 1 to the block 2, and the other end of the tensile members are in threaded engagement with the retaining member 4.
- the integral block and upper part of the crankcase 2 has a passageway 18, 19 surrounding each tensile member 16, 17.
- the passageways are tapered to facilitate their manufacture and, at the block/head interface are wide.
- slots 20, 21 connect the passageways with the crankcase region beneath the cylinders (not shown) and (via slots 22, 23) above the sump 24.
- the passageways 18, 19 connect with corresponding tapered passageways 25, 26 in the head. Via openings 27, 28, these passsageways communicate with the valve gear region of the head.
- the passageways 18, 19 each provide for crankcase ventilation of the volume beneath the pistons (which can be forced ventilation using the induction tract depression) from the crankcase to the valve gear region of the head, and also for the return of lubricating oil from the valve gear cover to the sump 24. Additional drain and breathing passages are also provided at one end of the cylinder block.
- the passageways 18, 19 are defined at the head/block interface by walls 29, 30 which engage with corresponding walls 31, 32 in the head surrounding the passageways 25, 26. Two sections out of the five sections of each of the walls 29, 30, 31, 32 extend around the top of the cylinder itself.
- the diameter of the passageways 18, 19, 25, 26 at the head/block interface is at least twice the diameter of the tensile members 16, 17.
- a large cooling channel 33 runs along one side of the block.
- Water is fed into the channel 33 from the left hand end as seen in Figure 2 and flows (a) down the block through passages 34a, 35a, 36a, 37a, around the respective cylinder liners and up through the passages 34b, 35b, 36b, 37b and (b) through breaks in the head/block gasket 38, up through passages 39a; 40a, 41a, 42a in the head and down through passages 39b, 40a, 41b, 42b.
- the contact areas between the head and the block are reduced because of the large area of the passageways, assisting the proper sealing of the block and head.
- the arrangement of the invention does not rely on shear forces from the boss through the adjoining material for transmitting the load to the cylinder periphery. Because of the use of the tensile members secured to the retaining member, the block and head are compressively loaded, and the forces are fed along the walls of the tapered passageways to the cylinder peripheries.
- the main bearings are lubricated by oil fed along gallery 4a and a series of drillings 3a.
- the gallery 4a is supplied by a drilling into the gallery from the oil filter (not shown).
- the part 1, 2, 3, 4 are all designed to be die cast, and the tapering of the passageways 18, 19 and 25, 26 assists in this regard. Apertures 43, which connect the spaces under the piston to relieve the internal pumping pressure to reduce pumping losses, may be produced using sliders.
- Parts 2, 3, 4 may be high pressure die cast, gravity die cast, or cast using low pressure sand casting.
- Part 1 may be gravity die cast or low pressure sand cast. Nevertheless, the parts could be cast in the conventional way using sand cores if desired or in any other suitable way. While parts 1 to 4 are described as being made of aluminium, the parts could be made of other materials and parts 2 - 4 in particular could be made of polymer.
- the threaded portions in the member 4 may if desired be formed by inserts in the member 4 to provide greater strength at the threads.
- the invention is applicable to other numbers of in-line cylinders apart from four, and is also applicable to opposed-piston configurations, V-configurations and to diesel engines. Obviously, in other engine configurations or orientations from that described, the oil might not necessarily drain down each passageway 18, 19 eg. in a slant in-line engine configuration, oil will preferentially drain down one row of passageways rather than the other row.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to internal combustion engines.
- In the interests of being able to use light low-tensile material for the engine block, it is known to use tensile members such as steel bolts extending from the cylinder head to the crankshaft bearing housing (the Applicants UK Patent Specification No. 2150635) to react the pressure pulsations produced between the head and crankshaft on the ignition strokes.
- The invention provides an internal combustion engine having tensile members for securing the cylinder head to the cylinder block, the tensile members extending to and being secured to retaining means for the crankshaft bearings, and having passageways extending through the block surrounding each tensile member, the passageways communicating both with the valve gear region of the cylinder head and with the crankcase region of the engine.
- The passageways permit crankcase ventilation and, in a suitable engine orientation, permit lubricating oil to return from the valve gear cover to the sump.
- Advantageously, the diameter of the passageways at the head/block interface is at least twice the diameter of the tensile members: the reduced contact area between the head and the block increases the pressure at the interface and hence the sealing ability between the head and the block. Preferably, each passageway is surrounded at the head/block interface by a wall which extends around a part of the periphery of a cylinder. Preferably, the walls of passageways between cylinders extend around part of the periphery of each cylinder.
- A four cylinder in-line spark-ignition internal combustion engine will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 is a section through the engine taken at right angles to the crankshaft axis and between a pair of cylinders;
- Figure 2 shows a plan view of the cylinder block seen from the block/head interface; and
- Figure 3 shows a plan view of the head seen from the block/head interface.
- Referring to the drawings the engine comprises a cylinder head indicated generally by the reference numeral 1, a block formed integrally with the upper part of the crankcase indicated generally by the reference numberal 2, the lower part of the crankcase indicated generally by the
reference numeral 3, and a retaining member 4. Valve gear (not shown) operated by twin overhead camshafts 5 and 6 is provided. A valve gear cover (not shown) is provided. The block is designed to receive wet cylinder liners (not shown). - The head and
sections 2, 3, 4 of the engine are made of aluminium. The lower part of thecrankcase 3 is formed integrally with the main bearing caps 9 and is secured to the upper parts bybolts 10 and 11. The two parts of the crankcase are split about a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axes and passing through the centre of the crankshaft. The bearing caps house the usual bearingbushes 12 forming the main bearing for thecrankshaft 13. The retaining member 4 is secured to the lower part of thecrankcase 3 by means ofbolts steel bolts 16, 17 attach the cylinder head 1 to the block 2, and the other end of the tensile members are in threaded engagement with the retaining member 4. - Pressure pulsations on the combustion stroke, which tends to force the head 1 and
crankshaft 13 apart, are reacted by thetensile members 16, 17, and the stresses do not pass through the wall of the block or crankcase, permitting the use of light low tensile materials such as aluminium for these parts. - The integral block and upper part of the crankcase 2 has a
passageway tensile member 16, 17. The passageways are tapered to facilitate their manufacture and, at the block/head interface are wide. At the lower end,slots slots 22, 23) above thesump 24. - At the upper end, the
passageways tapered passageways openings - Thus, the
passageways sump 24. Additional drain and breathing passages are also provided at one end of the cylinder block. - The
passageways walls corresponding walls passageways walls passageways tensile members 16, 17. Thus, not only is the pressure on the interfacing head/block surfaces increased because the passageways are so wide, but the contact areas are concentrated around the region at which sealing is important i.e. the periphery of the combustion chamber. Alarge cooling channel 33 runs along one side of the block. Water is fed into thechannel 33 from the left hand end as seen in Figure 2 and flows (a) down the block throughpassages passages passages 39a; 40a, 41a, 42a in the head and down throughpassages - Compared to the usual cylinder head attachment by means of bolts secured to bosses on the block, the arrangement of the invention does not rely on shear forces from the boss through the adjoining material for transmitting the load to the cylinder periphery. Because of the use of the tensile members secured to the retaining member, the block and head are compressively loaded, and the forces are fed along the walls of the tapered passageways to the cylinder peripheries.
- The main bearings are lubricated by oil fed along gallery 4a and a series of
drillings 3a. The gallery 4a is supplied by a drilling into the gallery from the oil filter (not shown). - The
part 1, 2, 3, 4 are all designed to be die cast, and the tapering of thepassageways Apertures 43, which connect the spaces under the piston to relieve the internal pumping pressure to reduce pumping losses, may be produced using sliders.Parts 2, 3, 4 may be high pressure die cast, gravity die cast, or cast using low pressure sand casting. Part 1 may be gravity die cast or low pressure sand cast. Nevertheless, the parts could be cast in the conventional way using sand cores if desired or in any other suitable way. While parts 1 to 4 are described as being made of aluminium, the parts could be made of other materials and parts 2 - 4 in particular could be made of polymer. The threaded portions in the member 4 may if desired be formed by inserts in the member 4 to provide greater strength at the threads. The invention is applicable to other numbers of in-line cylinders apart from four, and is also applicable to opposed-piston configurations, V-configurations and to diesel engines. Obviously, in other engine configurations or orientations from that described,, the oil might not necessarily drain down eachpassageway
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8606449 | 1986-03-15 | ||
GB8606449A GB2187791B (en) | 1986-03-15 | 1986-03-15 | Internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0240120A2 true EP0240120A2 (en) | 1987-10-07 |
EP0240120A3 EP0240120A3 (en) | 1988-10-05 |
Family
ID=10594689
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87301382A Withdrawn EP0240120A3 (en) | 1986-03-15 | 1987-02-18 | Internal combustion engine |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0240120A3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2187791B (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2187791B (en) * | 1986-03-15 | 1989-11-15 | Austin Rover Group | Internal combustion engine |
DE4230528A1 (en) * | 1992-09-12 | 1994-03-17 | Opel Adam Ag | Internal combustion engine |
EP0668440A1 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-23 | Dr.Ing.h.c. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Internal combustion engine |
US5452692A (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1995-09-26 | Rover Group Limited | Internal combusting engine |
FR2757898A1 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-03 | Daimler Benz Ag | MULTICYLINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH LIQUID COOLING |
EP0918143A1 (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 1999-05-26 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Internal combustion engine |
EP1321638A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Krankcase breathing system for an internal combustion engine |
EP1321635A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Oil drainage passage for an internal combustion engine |
DE19608018B4 (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 2006-12-14 | Volkswagen Ag | Housing for a reciprocating internal combustion engine |
DE102007008281A1 (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2008-08-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine i.e. diesel engine, has tie-rod connection engaging into inner thread such that pressure tensions are applied at material of cylinder crankcase in wall of ventilation opening |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2258011B (en) * | 1991-07-24 | 1994-09-14 | Rover Group | A method of assembling an internal combustion engine |
DE4240464A1 (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1994-06-09 | Opel Adam Ag | Cylinder crankcase for an internal combustion engine with ventilation channels arranged therein |
JP3389801B2 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2003-03-24 | スズキ株式会社 | Engine blow-by gas reduction structure |
DE102006038831B4 (en) | 2006-08-18 | 2018-03-15 | Volkswagen Ag | Internal combustion engine with recirculation of blow-by gases |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1969690A (en) * | 1933-09-11 | 1934-08-07 | Gen Motors Corp | Lubricating arrangement |
FR2183394A5 (en) * | 1972-05-05 | 1973-12-14 | Peugeot & Renault | |
DE3110274A1 (en) * | 1981-03-17 | 1982-09-30 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | Internal combustion engine with engine block, cylinder head and crankshaft bearing cover, which are connected by common threaded rod arrangements |
EP0088339A1 (en) * | 1982-03-04 | 1983-09-14 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Bearing beam structure of automotive engine |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB281486A (en) * | 1926-12-24 | 1927-12-08 | Frederick Henry Royce | Improvements in cylinders of internal combustion engines |
US3895868A (en) * | 1972-05-05 | 1975-07-22 | Renault | Structure of internal combustion engines |
US4644911A (en) * | 1983-10-07 | 1987-02-24 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cylinder block for internal combustion engine |
GB2187791B (en) * | 1986-03-15 | 1989-11-15 | Austin Rover Group | Internal combustion engine |
-
1986
- 1986-03-15 GB GB8606449A patent/GB2187791B/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-02-18 EP EP87301382A patent/EP0240120A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1969690A (en) * | 1933-09-11 | 1934-08-07 | Gen Motors Corp | Lubricating arrangement |
FR2183394A5 (en) * | 1972-05-05 | 1973-12-14 | Peugeot & Renault | |
DE3110274A1 (en) * | 1981-03-17 | 1982-09-30 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | Internal combustion engine with engine block, cylinder head and crankshaft bearing cover, which are connected by common threaded rod arrangements |
EP0088339A1 (en) * | 1982-03-04 | 1983-09-14 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Bearing beam structure of automotive engine |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2187791B (en) * | 1986-03-15 | 1989-11-15 | Austin Rover Group | Internal combustion engine |
DE4230528A1 (en) * | 1992-09-12 | 1994-03-17 | Opel Adam Ag | Internal combustion engine |
US5452692A (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1995-09-26 | Rover Group Limited | Internal combusting engine |
EP0668440A1 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-23 | Dr.Ing.h.c. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Internal combustion engine |
DE4405188A1 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-24 | Porsche Ag | Internal combustion engine |
US5579729A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1996-12-03 | Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Ag | Internal combustion engine |
DE19608018B4 (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 2006-12-14 | Volkswagen Ag | Housing for a reciprocating internal combustion engine |
FR2757898A1 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-03 | Daimler Benz Ag | MULTICYLINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH LIQUID COOLING |
EP0918143A1 (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 1999-05-26 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Internal combustion engine |
EP1321638A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Krankcase breathing system for an internal combustion engine |
EP1321635A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Oil drainage passage for an internal combustion engine |
DE102007008281A1 (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2008-08-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine i.e. diesel engine, has tie-rod connection engaging into inner thread such that pressure tensions are applied at material of cylinder crankcase in wall of ventilation opening |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8606449D0 (en) | 1986-04-23 |
EP0240120A3 (en) | 1988-10-05 |
GB2187791A (en) | 1987-09-16 |
GB2187791B (en) | 1989-11-15 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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RHK1 | Main classification (correction) |
Ipc: F01M 11/02 |
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18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19881122 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: JOHNSON, FREDERICK STANLEY |