EP0239892B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour actionner une installation d'évacuation d'eaux usées par dépression - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour actionner une installation d'évacuation d'eaux usées par dépression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0239892B1
EP0239892B1 EP87104153A EP87104153A EP0239892B1 EP 0239892 B1 EP0239892 B1 EP 0239892B1 EP 87104153 A EP87104153 A EP 87104153A EP 87104153 A EP87104153 A EP 87104153A EP 0239892 B1 EP0239892 B1 EP 0239892B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
sewage
valve
vacuum
conduit
negative pressure
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EP87104153A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0239892A1 (fr
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Harald Michael
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/006—Pneumatic sewage disposal systems; accessories specially adapted therefore

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a vacuum sewage system with at least one vacuum sewage line connected to a vacuum station and a large number of sewage collection tanks, each of which can be connected via a shut-off valve, on the plots to be drained, each shut-off valve being opened at a specific maximum water level in the collection tank and after a certain period of time, during which the wastewater and air flow into the wastewater pipe, is closed again, as well as vacuum wastewater systems operated according to this method, as z. B. are described in DE-B-24 62 295, DE-U-85 24 447 and DE-A-21 17 353.
  • shut-off valves always open at the same water level in the reservoir regardless of the fluctuating negative pressure and the opening time is also constant. It is dimensioned such that, in addition to the wastewater drawn off from the collecting containers of the house connections, a total of about 2 to 15 times the volume of air is sucked into the vacuum wastewater line. It has been shown in practice that with such a water / air ratio, a municipal sewage system with relatively small pipe cross-sections, in which the sewage is transported in the form of a plug, functions permanently, the so-called “simultaneous factor", i. H. the simultaneous opening of several shut-off valves plays an important role.
  • the opening times of the shut-off valves of the house connections have so far been set to an average value and only subsequently corrected in exceptional cases. This is partly due to the fact that the control devices of the shut-off valves are prefabricated in series and are not assigned to a specific house connection during manufacture. Also during assembly, an individual adjustment of the opening time of the shut-off valve would be difficult, because it could only be determined during a longer period of operation which is the optimal opening time for the shut-off valve at a particular house connection.
  • the evenly set opening time of all shut-off valves regardless of their position on the sewage pipe and the frequency and simultaneity of the opening processes of the other shut-off valves upstream and downstream, means that normally too much in the vicinity of the vacuum station, but too little at the pipe ends Air is sucked into the pipe system. Due to the larger volume of air flowing into the sewage pipe near the vacuum station, the negative pressure is further reduced towards the end of the pipe, especially if there is more than one between a straight-opening house shut-off valve and the vacuum station in the sewage pipe, which is usually laid with incline and slope sections There are water plugs that seal the line cross-section and must be accelerated. Under these circumstances, the inflowing air causes an increase in pressure, which not only propagates from the open house connection to the vacuum station, but also undesirably to the end of the line.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a method of the type mentioned at the outset which leads to more uniform pressure conditions in the vacuum sewage line and thus to more reliable operation of the entire system with the possibility of increasing capacity.
  • the above object is achieved in that the switching times of the shut-off valves are adjusted as a function of the negative pressure in the waste water line by the negative pressure itself in such a way that with increasing absolute pressure in the waste water line the opening time associated with a certain amount of waste water for admitting air into the Waste water pipe is extended and / or the shut-off valves are opened when the water level in the collecting tank is lower.
  • the new method offers the advantage that automatically more air is admitted into the sewage pipe with increasing distance from the vacuum station in accordance with the desired pressure gradient.
  • the lower air intake in the vicinity of the vacuum station also leads to a lower weakening of the negative pressure in the outer line area.
  • the larger amount of air flowing in there is used more economically, since on its longer journey to the vacuum station it also transports the water plugs in the sewage pipe near it.
  • Another advantage of the new method is that the described functional improvement is not achieved by complex advance planning or lengthy adjustment work during the installation and maintenance of the shut-off valves, but rather results from the fact that it is connected to the sewage line at a certain time at a certain house connection prevailing negative pressure serves as a parameter for the opening time of the shut-off valve. Fluctuations in the operating conditions due to the randomness of the opening processes of all house connections opening into the sewage pipe as well as the different position of the individual house connections along the sewage pipe are taken into account at the same time, so that there are generally no special corrective interventions in the control devices of the individual shut-off valves needs more.
  • the duration of the opening of the shut-off valve is determined by the duration of the throttled ventilation of a cavity which is under vacuum and variable in volume with a movable boundary wall which is preloaded with a force counteracting the vacuum
  • the opening width of the throttle opening of the cavity can also be provided that the path of the boundary wall and / or the force loading it can be changed by the actuator.
  • the actuator acted upon by the negative pressure of the sewage line can adjust a wedge-shaped or step-shaped stop member, which then also limits the path of the movable boundary wall of the cavity in accordance with the adjustment path.
  • the preload force of the spring can also be changed by means of the actuator according to the invention, for example by adjusting a spring bearing by screwing.
  • a stronger negative pressure a correspondingly more prestressed spring then leads to a faster return movement of the movable boundary wall during the throttled ventilation of the cavity and thus to a shorter opening time of the shut-off valve.
  • the amount of waste water to be extracted can also be influenced according to the invention.
  • a pneumatic control device for each shut-off valve in which the wastewater rising in the collecting container exerts pressure on a membrane against a preload, directly or via an air volume enclosed in a riser pipe, by the movement thereof a relatively small control surface with the negative pressure of the sewage line preloaded switching valve is switchable, the surface of the membrane is at most about 60, preferably 50 times as large as the control surface of the switching valve.
  • the water / air ratio is influenced in the desired manner that more wastewater has to accumulate in the collecting tank with a stronger negative pressure before the shut-off valve opens in order to draw off the large volume of water.
  • the shut-off valves of the house connections near the vacuum station open less frequently for the same amount of wastewater and then let more water into the line than the shut-off valves at the outer end of the line.
  • the advantageous property of the system can also be achieved in that the membrane after an empty collecting container by a weight, a spring or another preload acting from above. is arched at the bottom and triggers a switching operation when it has been pushed upwards into the horizontal central position or only slightly beyond by the wastewater rising in the collecting tank or an air cushion trapped above it. Then, unlike in the case of a diaphragm arched upwards, its increasing support at the edge is not yet noticeably noticeable.
  • a movable boundary wall of the cavity can be loaded with a certain minimum force, which determines the minimum degree of vacuum in the vacuum sewer line at which the boundary wall in an end position movable and thereby opening the Absperventils switching operation of the control valve can be triggered.
  • the control device shown with its upper part in Fig. And with its lower part in Fig.2 is used to control the opening and closing movements of a shut-off valve, not shown, as z. B. is described in DE-A-28 09 431.
  • the shut-off valve separates in a manner known per se at a house connection H a relatively small collecting tank for the waste water of this house connection from a vacuum sewage line 10 shown in FIG.
  • the collecting tank and the shut-off valve can e.g. B., as shown in DE-A-28 09 431, may be arranged. If there is a certain amount of waste water, e.g. B. has accumulated in the order of about 8-20 liters, the lower part of the control device shown in Fig.
  • the diaphragm piston consists of a disk-shaped, rigid middle part 18 and a cuff-shaped diaphragm which is tightly connected to this and the jacket wall of the diaphragm can 12.
  • the diaphragm piston 14 moves as straight as possible in the vertical direction
  • its rigid middle part 18 is connected on the upper side to a rod 26 which is guided in a sleeve 28 which is closed at the upper end and extends in the vertical direction.
  • the sleeve 28 is with the end wall the membrane box 12 connected.
  • a non-return valve 30 is also arranged on the upper end wall of the membrane box 12. It is designed so that when the diaphragm piston 14 is subjected to a vacuum and raised, the volume of air displaced by the diaphragm piston 14 can escape unhindered from the cavity 16. There is therefore no overpressure when the diaphragm piston 14 moves upward in the cavity 16.
  • the check valve 30 is provided with a small hole that represents a throttle opening. If, after the waste water has been sucked out of the collecting container, the membrane piston 14 is pressed down again by the weight 26, it lowers to the extent and with the speed that it flows into the cavity 16 through the small hole in the check valve 30 Air volume allowed.
  • the opening duration of the shut-off valve between the vacuum drainage line and the collecting container can be determined by suitable selection of the size of the hole in the non-return flap 30. In this way, it can be determined whether the shut-off valve actuated by the control device shown opens so long that not only the waste water volume accumulated in the collecting container, but subsequently also a certain air volume into the sub pressure sewage pipe is sucked in.
  • the setting of the throttle opening in the check valve 30 can also be made so that the shut-off valve closes again substantially immediately after the passage of the suctioned waste water.
  • the small amount of inflowing air only needs to be sufficient to allow the wastewater to reach the house connection pipe, which is laid with a slight gradient, and which flows into the main pipe that runs along the street.
  • a much longer opening time of the shut-off valve can also be set by means of a smaller hole in the non-return valve 30, so that with each suction process after the wastewater a multiple of its volume of air is sucked into the vacuum wastewater line.
  • a control rod 32 is guided upwards through the end wall of the riser pipe 10. As shown, the lower end of the control rod 32 is received in a longitudinally displaceable manner in a vertical guide 34 which is firmly connected to the rigid middle part 18 of the diaphragm piston 14. Only at the lower end of the guide 34 is the control rod 32 carried along by the membrane piston 14, and only at the upper end of the guide 34 is the control rod 32 carried by the membrane piston 14 downward. In between there is a free vertical movement between the diaphragm piston 14 and the control rod 32, i.
  • the diaphragm piston 14 must first be raised by the length of the guide 34 before the control rod 32 is also carried upward and displaced.
  • a seal 36 seated on it seals the passage opening in the upper end wall of the riser pipe 10 for the control rod 32. Accordingly, when the water level drops and the membrane piston 14 lowers, air can only enter the cavity 16 via the throttle opening in the check valve 30.
  • the time switching device consisting of the parts 12, 14, 16, 26, 30 controls a valve arrangement consisting overall of a pilot valve 38, a control valve 40 and a pneumatic actuating device 42 for the control valve 40.
  • the input of the pilot valve 38 designated A, is constantly connected to the vacuum sewage line in the flow direction behind the shut-off valve, and is therefore constantly under vacuum.
  • the control rod 32 is carried upward and opens the pilot valve 38 preloaded by a weight 44.
  • the negative pressure from the valve connection A transplants through the pilot valve 38 the valve outlet B into a control line 46, which is connected on the one hand to the valve inlet C of the control valve 40 and on the other hand at E to the pneumatic actuating device 42.
  • the control rod 32 is in the example by a mechanical snap 48, the z. B. may have the shape of a spring-loaded ball pressing against a cam on the control rod 32, held in its upper position, in which the pilot valve 38 is open.
  • a similar catch 50 acts on the piston rod of the pneumatic actuating device 42 connected to the valve body of the control valve 40 and represents a certain resistance which the pneumatic actuating device 42 must overcome before the control valve 40 is opened.
  • the pneumatic actuator 42 consists in the example of an elastic piston 52, for. B. made of rubber, which is slidably but close to the cylinder wall of the actuator 42. With sufficient flexibility of the piston 52, it could also be firmly connected to the cylinder wall on the outer circumference.
  • the piston 52 has a larger effective piston area than the end face of the valve body (slide) of the control valve 40 exposed to the negative pressure at the valve inlet C.
  • the control rod 32 is initially still by the frictional attack of the catch 48 held in their upper position, so that the pilot valve 38 and the control valve 40 remain open until the waste water and possibly a certain amount of air through the shut-off valve in the vacuum sewer has been sucked in.
  • the upper end of the guide 34 comes to bear against the lower end of the control rod 32 and pulls it, overcoming the resistance of the catch 48 with down.
  • valve body of the pilot valve 38 is returned to the closed position.
  • an axially displaceable connection between the valve body of the pilot valve 38 and the control rod 32 such that the valve body is carried upwards in the opening direction by the control rod 32, the holder on the control rod for the valve body, for. B. on the weight 44 or an axial collar on the valve body, the return of the valve body to its closed position, however, takes place solely by the weight load 44 and the control rod 32 can also be lowered further if the valve body has already reached its closed position has, the bracket leading him on the control rod 32 slides axially along the valve body.
  • the pneumatic actuating device 42 is only provided with a single vacuum connection E and, in this preferred simple embodiment, is not able to switch the control valve 40 positively back into the closed position.
  • this switching movement is carried out directly by the control rod 32 by pulling these parts downward via a lever 62 engaging the piston rod of the piston 52 and the valve body of the control valve 40 after the pilot valve 38 has been closed.
  • the lever 62 is connected via a guide 64 with axial play to the control rod 32, which ensures that when the control rod 32 is lifted, the valve body of the control valve 40 is not entrained via the lever 62 and the closing movement of the control valve 40 relative to the closing movement of the pilot valve 38 is somewhat delayed.
  • an axially displaceable connection limited by a stop can be provided and a weight load 66 which, after overcoming the displacement resistance by the catch 50 when pulling down the valve body of the control valve 40 through the control rod 32 and the lever 62 returns the valve body to the fully closed position.
  • a leak is arranged on the pilot valve 38 and, in a corresponding manner, a leak is also provided at 70 at the control valve 40.
  • These leaks 68 and 70 can e.g. B. be designed such that a conical pin or stem of the valve body closes a bore cooperating with it when the valve 38 or 40 is open, but when the valve 38 or 40 is closed, an annular gap between the conical pin or stem and the bore is open, through which air can flow into the outlet side of the valve 38 or 40.
  • the air flowing into the control line 46 through the leakage 68 after the closing of the pilot valve 38 eliminates the residual vacuum in the pneumatic actuating device 42, so that the control rod 32 can return the control valve 40 to the closed position.
  • the air flowing into the control line 60 through the leakage 70 after the control valve 40 is closed eliminates the residual vacuum in the shut-off valve of the vacuum sewage line, not shown, so that the shut-off valve closes again and separates the vacuum sewage line from the sewage collecting container of the house.
  • valves 38 and 40 and the pneumatic actuating device 42 are arranged one above the other. This need not necessarily be the case.
  • control rod 32 can also be angled and / or provided with lateral arms so that the valves 38 and 40 can be arranged side by side or in any other spatial assignment.
  • line 82 could also be connected to the valve inlet C and the valve outlet D to a controllable ventilation device corresponding to the device 30, 102-124 described below, which is then omitted on the diaphragm box 12.
  • line 60 branches off from line 46, which is no longer connected to valve input C.
  • FIG. 1 shows the lower part of the control device, by means of which a switching operation for opening the shut-off valve is triggered at a certain water level in the collecting container, to which the pipe 71 shown in FIG. 3 is connected below.
  • This part of the control device essentially consists of a membrane 72, which is deflected at a certain static water pressure to such an extent that a switching valve 78 is opened via a pin 74 connected to it and a driver 76.
  • the switching processes of the control valves 38 and 40 described above then take place.
  • the switching valve 78 is mounted in an inner tube 84 near the lower end in the example.
  • This inner tube is inserted from above into an outer protective tube 85 which, for. B. can be firmly and tightly connected to the tube 71 as shown in FIG. 3 or introduced from above into the collecting container down to the ground.
  • the inner tube 84 with the switching valve 78 can be pulled up out of the protective tube 85 for maintenance purposes.
  • the end position of the two pipes 84 and 85 can be determined by a stop 86 attached at the bottom but also at the top.
  • An O-ring seal 88 prevents water through the annular gap between the two tubes 84 and 85 upwards z. B. can penetrate into a protective container that receives the upper part of the control device shown in FIG. 1.
  • the seal 88 could also be attached to the upper end of the tubes 84, 85 so that they can be pushed into one another more easily.
  • the outer protective tube 85 is firmly connected at the top to said protective container for the upper part of the control device and at the bottom, for. B. fixed by means of a T-piece on line 71.
  • the inner tube 84 In the assembled state, held by one or more seals 88, the inner tube 84 is fixed, but detachably, in the outer protective tube 85.
  • the inner tube 84 can protrude from the protective tube 85, and the protective container mentioned can be on this protruding end of the inner tube 84 put on and thereby fixed.
  • the lower end of the inner tube 84 is through the z. B. rubber membrane 72 completed.
  • the membrane 72 is clamped between an inner flange formed at the lower end of the inner tube 84 and a sleeve 90 inserted from the opposite end of the inner tube 84 and glued in the final position.
  • the groove for receiving the seal 88 was screwed in this case after gluing the sleeve 90.
  • an inner tube 84 of greater wall thickness can also be used, which is turned radially inward at the lower end, so that the membrane 72 can be inserted into the enlarged bore and then fixed by a glued-in ring.
  • a disk-shaped weight 92 is fastened to the pin 74 and, in cooperation with an intermediate wall 94 in the inner tube 84, also acts as a stop. Until it bears against the intermediate wall 94, the weight 92 tends to bulge the membrane 72 downward.
  • the valve member 96 carries at the lower end a flat seal or a so-called V-ring seal, which cooperates sealingly with a conical wall area of the valve housing and separates a lower valve chamber 98, which is constantly under vacuum via the line 80, from an upper valve chamber 100 with a larger cross section, which is connected to the membrane box 12 via the line 82.
  • the mobility of the valve member 96 and its connection via the driver 76 with the pin 74 are chosen so that in the closed state of the switching valve 78 also the negative pressure acting on the valve member 96 in the valve chamber 98 contributes to the membrane 72 in the same direction as that Weight 92 and the dead weight.
  • the membrane 72 As the water level in the waste water collecting tank rises, the membrane 72 is pressed upwards by the water pressure in line 71 against the aforementioned preload from the initial position, which is arched downward. When the membrane reaches approximately its central, horizontal position, the pin 74 has raised the valve member 96 via the driver 76 to such an extent that the elastic seal in the valve suddenly loses its tight fit on the valve housing and the valve springs open into the open position.
  • the membrane 72 is only slightly set back relative to the lowermost edge of the tubes 84 and 85. However, these are pushed up to approximately the flow cross section of the line 71, so that the membrane 72 is flushed directly from the waste water and is cleaned as a result of the rapid flow when the shut-off valve is opened.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that according to FIG. 2 essentially only in the other type of fastening of the membrane 72. According to FIG. 3, this is seated like a cap on the lower end of the inner tube 84. The edge of the membrane is thickened and engages in an outer annular groove in the inner tube 84, so that the membrane 72 is held reliably. At the same time, this edge forms a seal corresponding to the O-ring seal 88 between the two tubes 84 and 85.
  • the tubes 84 and 85 can have a diameter of approximately 30 to 100 mm.
  • a diameter range of approximately 30 to 60 mm is preferred, ie the effective diameter of the membrane 72 should be approximately 35 to 45 mm.
  • the surface of the flat seal or V-ring seal on the valve member 96 which is acted upon by the negative pressure of the control line 80 when the switching valve 78 is closed can be seen, which preferably has a diameter of approximately 3 to 10 mm, in a preferred practical embodiment 6 mm diameter.
  • the effective area of the membrane 72 which is acted upon by the pressure of the rising water level in the reservoir when the switching operation for opening the shut-off valve is triggered, is thus only about 40 times larger than the area of the valve member 96 of the switching valve acted upon as the control area by the system vacuum 78.
  • the membrane area acted upon by the pressure of the sewage rising in the collecting tank was 100 to 200 times as large as the control area of the switching valve acted upon by the system vacuum when opened in the opposite direction.
  • the shut-off valve when the vacuum in the sewage line is stronger, the shut-off valve is only triggered when the water level in the collecting tank is higher, and conversely, a weaker negative pressure in the sewage line causes the shut-off valve to open even with a smaller waste water volume in the collecting tank.
  • the switching valve 78 and the diaphragm 72 do not necessarily have to be located in a tube essentially perpendicularly under a protective housing or switch box receiving the upper part of the control device according to FIG. 1.
  • the position of the switching trigger device 72, 78 relative to the upper part of the control device according to FIG. 1 is irrelevant for the function, because the line 82 can be laid anywhere within wide limits. It is therefore also possible to arrange the switching trigger device 72, 78 at the upper end of a riser pipe connected to the collecting container and to actuate it by means of the air volume enclosed therein, which is compressed when the water level rises.
  • the membrane can 12 z. B. may also be the upper end of a riser pipe connected to the waste water collecting container or its outlet, so that with increasing water level in the collecting container the air volume increasingly compressed in the riser pipe pushes the membrane 14 up to triggering the switching operations of the control valves 38, 40.
  • Such an arrangement is e.g. B. shown in DE-PS 2462295 and DE-GM 8524447.
  • 1 is suitable for all such control devices which work with a cavity 16 which can be ventilated via a throttle opening as a timing control element for the opening time of the shut-off valve, regardless of how the opening of the shut-off valve is triggered and which others Control valves are connected between the timer and the shut-off valve.
  • the aim of the invention is to have the changes in the negative pressure in the waste water line take effect as parameters of the opening duration of the shut-off valve.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 provides an actuating device, designated overall by 102, which influences the width of the throttle opening for venting the cavity 16 as a function of the negative pressure of the waste water line.
  • the actuating device 102 consists in particular of a hollow chamber 104 in the form of a membrane box, which is connected via a line 106 to the vacuum sewage line 10 and is therefore also constantly under vacuum.
  • the designated 108 membrane of the z. B. attached to the protective housing of the control device diaphragm box 104 is firmly connected to a rack 110 which drives a pinion 112 during axial movement.
  • the shaft 114 of the pinion 112 is rotatable, but axially fixed, z. B. in a attached to the diaphragm box 12 or the protective housing of the control device bearing 116.
  • the pinion shaft 114 formed as a hollow shaft z. B.
  • a spindle 118 rotatably but axially displaceably mounted.
  • the outer end of the spindle 118 is threaded and engages in a threaded bore in a pipe socket 120, which in the example forms the air inlet and outlet with a perforated check valve 30 of the diaphragm box 12.
  • the spindle screws more or less into the clear cross-section of the ventilation opening 120 of the diaphragm box 12 and changes this and thus also the time period which is decisive for the opening duration of the shut-off valve, while which sinks the membrane 14 from the raised or raised position back into the starting position shown by slowly, throttled air flowing through the air inlet opening 20 into the membrane box 12.
  • the elasticity of the membrane 108 is supported by a compression spring 122 which counteracts the negative pressure supplied via the line 106. So that the membrane 108 does not react uneasily to all pressure peaks and rapid changes in the negative pressure in the sewage line, but rather allows the rack 110 to follow the somewhat longer-lasting changes in the pressure level in the sewage line, the line 106 opens into the hollow chamber 104 via a throttle opening 124 1, the principle of the actuating device 102 is only shown schematically. It goes without saying that the actuating device which responds to the negative pressure in the waste water line can be designed differently in detail. For the exemplary embodiment, it is only important that the flow cross section of the air inlet into the membrane box 12 is changed when the system vacuum is changed.
  • a further throttle opening can also be present in the check valve for this air inlet.
  • a piece of hose is provided as the air inlet opening of the membrane box 12 instead of a pipe socket 120, which is compressed to a greater or lesser extent by the adjusting spindle 118 guided in another fixed thread.
  • the air inlet opening for throttled ventilation of the cavity 16 is provided with an inlet valve, the z. B. conical valve body is axially adjusted by an actuator corresponding to the actuator 102 and by this with respect to the air inlet opening axial movement of the valve member, the throttling effect of the valve in the air inlet opening is changed.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that an air inlet opening with a fixed throttle opening is present on the diaphragm box 12 as before, but additionally a valve is actuated at the end of the stroke movement of the diaphragm 14, which creates a connection between a to the negative pressure via a throttle opening Sewage line connected line and a counter-box covering the underside of the membrane 14 to the membrane box 12.
  • the system vacuum can therefore be acted upon from both sides, namely during the lifting movement on the upper side and during the descent on the bottom.
  • a greater negative pressure in the sewage line leads to a faster lowering movement of the membrane 14 and thus to a shorter opening time of the shut-off valve.
  • the time element of the known control devices of the shut-off valves which is usually present in the form of a membrane box 12, can also be influenced in other ways than by variable throttling of the inflowing or extracted air depending on the system vacuum.
  • Another possibility is e.g. B. in clamping a compression spring between the membrane 14 and the guide sleeve 28 and z. B. on the side of the guide bush 28 to make the spring bearing extendable axially towards the diaphragm 14 by means of an actuator corresponding to the actuator 102, so that the spring mentioned is more pre-tensioned in the case of a stronger negative pressure in the sewage line and accordingly the diaphragm 14 is moved in faster from the raised position returns the lower position shown.
  • Yet another possibility is to change the volume of the cavity 16, depending on the strength of the negative pressure in the waste water line, into which air slowly flows in via a throttle opening during the opening period of the shut-off valve.
  • e.g. B be connected to the cavity 16 of the membrane box 12 one or more secondary chambers, which are also evacuated via the line 82 when the shut-off valve is opened.
  • these secondary chambers can be switched on or separated from the cavity 16 by valves which are actuated as a function of the negative pressure.
  • a continuous change in its volume can be provided by z. B. rotated by a connected to the vacuum of the sewer actuator similar to the actuator 102, a screwable intermediate member of the shift linkage 32, 34 and thereby changed in length, so that the switching operation for opening the shut-off valve depending on the effective length of the intermediate member in different heights or attracted position of the membrane 14 is triggered and then a more or less large volume of air must flow into the cavity 16 in order to let the membrane 14 sink back into its lower starting position.
  • the diaphragm 14 on the underside could also be exposed to normal air pressure , but, for example, be connected via a rod similar to the toothed rack 110 to the membrane 108 of a hollow chamber 104 with throttle opening 124 which can be subjected to negative pressure.
  • z. B. between a fixed to the control rod 32 at the seal 36 spring bearing and the upper end wall of the diaphragm box 12 such a compression spring 126 that only a sufficiently strong vacuum is able to move the control rod 32 to its upper end position.
  • a short spring could also be used in the bushing 28 above the guide rod 26, which, like the spring 126, is only effective at the end of the lifting movement of the membrane 14.
  • a membrane box 79 is provided, which connects to the line via a branch line 81 80 is connected. 4, the membrane of the membrane box 79 stretches a rubber band 83, one end of which is fixed, while the other is connected to the driver 76 or the pin 74, and a preload on the membrane 72 controlled by the negative pressure in the line 80 exercises. 5, the same effect is achieved in that the membrane of the membrane box 79 presses a compression spring 87 and a flexible disc 89 on the upper end of the pin 74.
  • the combination of such a pipe laying with the one above is particularly advantageous described automatic control of the opening time of the shut-off valves depending on the negative pressure in the sewer line, because then, due to the improved pressure conditions in the sewer line, the risk is even lower that the water flowing into the sewer line when opening a shut-off valve from a house connection due to a local and temporary negative pressure gradients are initially drunk in the wrong direction instead of towards the vacuum station.
  • the above-described type of line laying is particularly suitable in combination with the method described in DE-A-35 25 729, according to which a certain volume of air is admitted into the vacuum line before the waste water is discharged each time a shut-off valve is opened, and air is added to the waste water from the start is added. If then in addition to the vacuum line, especially where there are few houses connected over a longer length, throttle openings with an opening width of about 3 to 700 mm 2 are provided, which with increasing absolute pressure in the vacuum line - this can in practice, for. B.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
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  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Procédé pour exploiter une installation d'évacuation des eaux usées par dépression qui comprend au moins une conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées, reliée à une station à vide, et plusieurs réservoirs de stockage des eaux usées pouvant être reliés individuellement à la conduite par une vanne d'isolement de l'immeuble correspondant à vidanger, de façon que chaque vanne d'isolement s'ouvre lorsque le niveau d'eau a atteint une hauteur maximale déterminée dans le réservoir de stockage et se referme au terme d'une période déterminée, pendant que les eaux usées et l'air pénètrent dans la conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées, caractérisé en ce que l'instant où se produit la commutation de la vanne d'isolement est réglé en fonction de et par la dépression même produite dans la conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées, qu'en cas d'augmentation de la pression absolue dans la conduite d'évacuation le temps d'ouverture prévu pour une quantité déterminée d'eaux usées est prolongé pour permettre l'admission d'air dans la conduite d'évacuation, et/ou la vanne d'isolement est ouverte lorsque le niveau d'eau dans le réservoir de stockage atteint un niveau moins haut.
2. Dispositif de commande pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la Revendication 1, lequel est conçu pour agir sur une vanne d'isolement branchée sur une conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées, cette vanne s'ouvrant sous le contrôle d'une soupape de commande lorsque le niveau des eaux usées atteint une hauteur préétablie dans un réservoir de stockage des eaux usées, et se refermant après un laps de temps prédéterminé, ce dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que la durée d'ouverture de la vanne d'isolement est réglée par une mécanisme de réglage (102) qui agit sur la soupape de commande (12, 40) en fonction de la pression existant dans la conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées (10).
3. Dispositif de commande selon la Revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, entre le mécanisme de réglage (102) et la conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées par dépression (10), un moyen amortisseur (104, 124) qui réagit par inertie aux pointes de pression.
4. Dispositif de commande selon la Revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le moyen amortisseur est une cavité (104) reliée par un orifice d'étranglement (124) à la conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées par dépression (10).
5. Dispositif de commande selon l'une quelconque des Revendications 2 à 4, dans lequel le temps d'ouverture de la vanne d'isolement est déterminé d'après la période d'admission d'air par étranglement dans une cavité maintenue sous dépression, caractérisé en ce que la section de passage de l'orifice d'étranglement (30, 120) peut être modifiée grâce au mécanisme de réglage (102).
6. Dispositif de commande selon l'une quelconque des Revendications 2 à 5, dans lequel le temps d'ouverture de la vanne d'isolement est déterminé d'après la période d'admission d'air par étranglement dans une cavité à volume variable soumise à la dépression, cette cavité étant munie à cet effet d'une paroi limiteuse mobile sollicitée par une force agissant à l'encontre de la dépression, ce dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme de réglage permet de modifier la longueur du déplacement de ladite paroi limiteuse mobile (14) et/ou la force qui agit sur cette paroi.
7. Dispositif pneumatique de commande pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la Revendication 1, afin d'agir sur une vanne d'isolement débouchant dans une conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées par dépression, cette vanne d'isolement s'ouvrant sous le contrôle d'une soupape de commande lorsque le niveau d'eau atteint une valeur maximale déterminée dans un réservoir de stockage des eaux usées, et se refermant au terme d'une période de temps déterminée, dans lequel l'eau dont le niveau augmente dans le réservoir de stockage agit soit directement, soit par l'intermédiaire d'un volume d'air renfermé dans une colonne montante sur une membrane, à l'encontre d'une pression de précontrainte, le déplacement de cette membrane assurant la commutation d'une soupape de commutation soumise à la précontrainte produite par la dépression de la conduite d'évacuation qui agit sur une surface de commande relativement réduite de cette soupape, ce dispositif pneumatique de commande étant caractérisé en ce que la membrane (72) est bombée par la précontrainte vers la surface de l'eau et déclenche la commutation de la soupape de commutation (78) lorsque cette membrane atteint sensiblement sa position intermédiaire d'extension.
8. Dispositif pneumatique de commande pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la Revendication 1, destiné à actionner une vanne d'isolement débouchant dans une conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées par dépression, cette vanne s'ouvrant sous le contrôle d'une soupape de commande lorsqu'un niveau maximal prédéterminé a été atteint par l'eau dans un réservoir de stockage des eaux usées, et se refermant après un laps de temps prédéterminé, de façon que l'eau dont le niveau augmente dans le réservoir de stockage agisse soit directement, soit par l'intermédiaire d'un volume d'air contenu dans une colonne montante à l'encontre d'une pression de précontrainte, sur une membrane dont le déplacement peut être inversé sous la commande d'une soupape de commutation dont une surface de commande, relativement réduite, est précontrainte par la dépression existant dans la conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées, ce dispositif pneumatique de commande étant caractérisé en ce que la surface active de la membrane (72) représente au plus environ 60 fois la surface de commande (96) de la soupape de commutation soumise à la dépression.
9. Dispositif pneumatique de commande pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la Revendication 1, destiné à actionner une vanne d'isolement débouchant dans une conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées par dépression, cette vanne s'ouvrant sous le contrôle d'une soupape de commande lorsqu'un niveau maximal prédéterminé a été atteint dans un réservoir de stockage des eaux usées et se refermant après un laps de temps prédéterminé, de façon que l'eau dont le niveau augmente dans le réservoir de stockage agisse soit directement, soit par l'intermédiaire d'un volume d'air contenu dans une colonne montante à l'encontre d'une pression de précontrainte, sur une membrane dont le déplacement peut être inversé sous la commande d'une soupape de commutation dont une surface de commande relativement réduite est précontrainte par la dépression existant dans la conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées, ce dispositif pneumatique de commande étant caractérisé en ce que la membrane (72) est précontrainte par une force dérivée de la dépression existant dans la conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées par dépression.
10. Installation d'évacuation des eaux usées par dépression pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la Revendication 1, comprenant au moins une conduite d'évacuation des eaux usées, reliée à une station à vide et comportant de façon discontinue des sections ascendantes et descendantes ainsi qu'une multiplicité de réservoirs de stockage pouvant être reliés chacun à cette conduite par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne d'isolement correspondant à un immeuble distinct à vidanger, chaque vanne d'isolement s'ouvrant lorsque le niveau de l'eau atteint une hauteur prédéterminée dans le réservoir de stockage, et se refermant après un laps de temps prédéterminé pendant lequel les eaux usées et l'air pénètrent dans la conduite d'évacuation, cette installation étant caractérisée en ce que, dans la région du branchement immobilier (H) les tronçons de conduite descendants (10b) dans le sens de l'écoulement des eaux usées sont plus longs d'environ 20 % au plus que l'un au moins des tronçons ascendants adjacents (10a).
EP87104153A 1986-04-01 1987-03-20 Procédé et dispositif pour actionner une installation d'évacuation d'eaux usées par dépression Expired EP0239892B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87104153T ATE47185T1 (de) 1986-04-01 1987-03-20 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer unterdruck-abwasseranlage.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3610867 1986-04-01
DE19863610867 DE3610867A1 (de) 1986-04-01 1986-04-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer unterdruck-abwasseranlage

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EP0239892A1 EP0239892A1 (fr) 1987-10-07
EP0239892B1 true EP0239892B1 (fr) 1989-10-11

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EP (1) EP0239892B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE47185T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3610867A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10361439B4 (de) * 2002-12-23 2010-09-23 Roediger Vacuum Gmbh Verfahren zum Absaugen von Abwaser und Unterdruckabwassersystem

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI83797C (fi) * 1988-10-05 1991-08-26 Nesite Oy Avloppssystem.
NL9100646A (nl) * 1991-04-15 1992-11-02 Aannemingsbedrijf Joh Ranzijn Rioolsysteem.
DE4216628A1 (de) * 1992-05-20 1993-11-25 Harald Michael Entwässerungsanlage
DE19604163B4 (de) * 1996-02-06 2005-12-08 Roediger Vakuum- Und Haustechnik Gmbh Schutzbehälter mit Hausanschluß-Absperrventil an einer Unterdruck-Abwasserleitung
EP2100525A1 (fr) 2008-03-14 2009-09-16 Philip Morris Products S.A. Système de génération d'aérosol à chauffage électrique et procédé
CN114635353B (zh) * 2022-04-11 2022-10-14 王兴磊 一种桥梁用排水防堵装置

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DE2117353A1 (de) * 1971-04-08 1972-10-19 Burns, B. Calvin, Woodbridge, Va.; Albertsen, Hans C, Annapolis, Md.; (V.St.A.) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ableiten von Abwässern
DE2637962C3 (de) * 1976-08-24 1980-07-10 Electrolux Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zum Abführen der Abwässer von einer Vielzahl von Hausanschlüssen mittels Unterdruck
DE2641110C2 (de) * 1976-09-13 1978-09-28 Electrolux Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlage
DE2809431C2 (de) * 1978-03-04 1984-10-25 Electrolux Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Unterdruck-Entwässerungsanlage
DE8524447U1 (de) * 1985-08-27 1985-12-19 Michael, Harald, 2000 Hamburg Pneumatische Steuervorrichtung für ein Absperrventil einer Vakuum-Abwasserleitung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10361439B4 (de) * 2002-12-23 2010-09-23 Roediger Vacuum Gmbh Verfahren zum Absaugen von Abwaser und Unterdruckabwassersystem

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DE3610867A1 (de) 1987-10-08
DE3760746D1 (en) 1989-11-16
EP0239892A1 (fr) 1987-10-07
ATE47185T1 (de) 1989-10-15

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