EP0239645A1 - Detonation coating device - Google Patents

Abstract

A detonation coating device comprises a soundproof deposit chamber (1) and a soundproof ventilation plenum connected to the chamber (1), detonation equipment (24), means (16) for transporting the article by relative to the end face (26) of a column (25) by means of a drive (34). The column (25) is located outside the chambers and its end is introduced into the chamber (1) by a hermetic inlet (19). The drive (34) is located outside the chamber (1) and is connected to the transport means (16) by a mechanical connecting element (33) through a sealed inlet (20). The opening of the inlet (14) of the ventilation chamber is equipped with a register (40) and means (41) for blowing compressed air into the chamber.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the technology of applying coatings, in particular to systems for the detonation of coatings.

Underlying state of the art

A system for detonation application of coatings is known, comprising a soundproof sputtering chamber with an inlet opening, which is equipped with a movable cover which hermetically seals this opening, and with an inlet air and an exhaust air opening, the latter being connected to the atmosphere by means of a ventilation system Connected, and a soundproof ventilation chamber with inlet opening, which communicates with the sputtering chamber by means of the supply air opening of the sputtering chamber and with the atmosphere via the inlet opening, in which chamber the mentioned ventilation system is housed, a sputtering equipment for coatings that are completely in the sputtering chamber and has a pipe with an open end cross-section and connected to the pipe: a gas supply system, a metering device for the powdered material to be dusted and a spark plug, a means for displacing the product to be processed sses relative to the end cross-section of the tube, which means is provided with an electric drive and is also housed in the sputtering chamber (see e.g. international application PCT / SU 85/00021, filed on 03/27/85).

In this system, the walls of the sputtering chamber and the cover of the inlet opening are of multi-layer construction and consist of metal structures with a considerable specific surface mass, on the side of the sputtering equipment (source of high-performance sound) they are lined with a coherent layer of sound-absorbing material, which is covered with fiberglass fabric and Metal mesh is protected.

The walls of the ventilation chamber consist of an outer sheet metal cladding, the inside with a sound is covered with gauze, which is protected with fiberglass and metal mesh.

The ventilation chamber has a developed inner surface, a quite considerable volume and is adjacent to the wall of the sputtering chamber in which the inlet and outlet openings are made. The ventilation system includes means for cleaning ejections (cyclones) which have a considerable flow resistance, and the free opening of the exhaust air receiver of the ventilation system is located in the sputtering chamber in the zone of the open end cross-section of the tube.

Attenuation of the noise generated during the operation of the detonation sputtering equipment is a complicated technical problem both due to the general high noise level (up to approximately 140 dBa) and also because the frequency spectrum of the pulse noise contains the proportion of powerful low-frequency and medium-frequency components (in the range from 32 - 1000 Hz) is considerable; the sound waves of these frequencies run freely around obstacles and through gaps and openings ("diffraction").

In the system in question, the soundproofing structure or dust chamber allows the noise level at all sound frequencies to be reduced to approximately 80 dBa. Acoustic vibrations that exit the air inlet of the sputtering chamber are effectively dampened in the ventilation chamber due to an abrupt expansion of the front of the vibrations in the volume thereof and due to the interaction with the developed sound absorbing surface of the walls. The accommodation of the air lines of the ventilation system in the soundproof cavity of the ventilation chamber in combination with the means for cleaning ejections with high flow resistance ensures effective damping of the noise entering the exhaust air opening.

However, this system has large dimensions of the sputtering chamber, is bulky, massive and requires a lot of material, which the system does not produce sufficiently in terms of technology, the assembly and assembly and causes considerable expenses for their manufacture. Placing the sputtering equipment in the sputtering chamber results in more complicated operation of this equipment. Operational control of the work of the dosing device of the powdery material to be dusted on during dusting is impossible with this system at all.

The installation of the electric drive of the displacement means in the sputtering chamber negatively affects the working capacity and the reliability of the drive and reduces the safety of the system.

Complete removal of dust (from powder particles that have not been dusted on) by the ventilation system is practically unattainable. As a result, the mechanisms become contaminated with abrasive particles, which leads to breaks and failures. It is also possible for the elements of the drive to overheat due to the action of detonation products on them. The electric motors of the drive are possible sources of (accidental) spark ignition if there is insufficient ventilation and if there is a fault in the gas supply system.

The known system does not guarantee a safe start-up after long interruptions in operation. Failure-related escapes of fuel gas with intact (not hermetically sealed) valves of the gas supply system can lead to a gradual accumulation of e.g. Guide the ethylene in the cavities of the sputtering chamber, the ventilation chamber, in the air lines of the ventilation system. With long-lasting escapes, an explosive fuel gas concentration arises. In this situation, commissioning the system, including starting the extractor fan, can cause an explosion with damaging consequences.

In the practice of the USSR there is also known a system for the detonation of coatings, comprising a chamber protected against acoustic radiation for the production of coatings by dusting, which has an inlet opening which is equipped with a sound-absorbing cover, a supply air opening and an exhaust port connected by means of a system of vent lines, and a soundproof ventilation chamber having an inlet port and connected to the sputtering chamber via the supply air port but to the atmosphere via the inlet port, sputtering equipment for coatings which are a pipe with an open end cross-section and connected to the pipe and arranged outside the soundproof chambers: comprising a dosing device for the powdered material to be dusted, a gas supply system and a spark plug, and a means for displacing the product to be processed relative to the end cross-section of the pipe, which means are accommodated in the dusting chamber and a drive mechanically connected to the means. In the known system, the pipe is arranged in the ventilation chamber and is connected to the metering device, the gas supply system and the spark plug by means of technological connecting lines. The ventilation chamber is designed in the form of a jacket which encloses the tube with a gap and in the side surface has openings for the passage of the technological connecting lines mentioned, but in the end surface has a series of inlet openings for the inflow of ventilation air. The exhaust air opening of the dusting chamber is provided with a soundproofing shield, which is attached in the dusting chamber in front of the exhaust air opening.

Compared to the system described above, this system has smaller dimensions and, accordingly, a lower material intensity of the sputtering chamber, and is characterized by a higher level of technology in manufacturing and assembly.

However, the reduction in the volume of the sputtering chamber leads to an increase in the explosion risk of the system, because an explosive fuel gas concentration can develop significantly faster in a smaller volume.

An explosion during start-up can result from the electric motor of the ventilation system fan as well damage to the fan itself, which is related to sparking during its work, occurs.

If there is insufficient ventilation and the spark plug fails, an explosion can also occur while the system is operating. The electric drive of the means for moving the product can serve as a source of explosion.

With this system, sufficient operational and convenient access to the metering device, the gas supply system and the spark plug is achieved because they are arranged outside the soundproofed chambers. However, the operation of the actual pipe is associated with a labor-intensive disassembly of the ventilation chamber. The design of the ventilation chamber in the form of a jacket surrounding the tube with a gap leads to a considerable increase in the length of the technological connecting lines which connect the tube to the metering device, the gas supply system and the spark plug. This deteriorates the workability of the dusting equipment and complicates its construction. For example, means are required to prevent the powder of the material to be dusted from settling and agglomerating in the corresponding (long) technological connecting line, to ensure optimum compactness of the powder dose fed to the tube, to ensure effective cooling of the connecting line connecting the gas supply system to the tube, to avoid automatic ignition of the mixture in this connecting line. The external arrangement of the spark plug usually presupposes its attachment to the technological connection line that connects the gas supply system to the pipe. This is why there is a detonation in this connecting line as well as in the pipe. Since the connecting line is of considerable length, the powder particles which inevitably settle within it acquire sufficient energy and are sputtered onto the inner surface of the tube opposite the inlet opening of the connecting line. As a result of this the pipe quickly becomes contaminated, the build-up of a coating serving as the source of an automatic ignition of the mixture. On the other hand, it turns out to be impossible with this system to change the sputtering distance in the simplest way - by moving the tube. This is prevented by the jacket, in which the technological openings cannot be formed as grooves because the sound insulation is becoming increasingly poor. If it finally becomes necessary to change the structural arrangement of the sputtering equipment (the position and the mutual orientation of the metering device, gas supply system, spark plug with respect to the pipe), this will result in a corresponding change in the design of the ventilation chamber in the system in question a coat with its own shape corresponds to each concrete type of sputtering equipment. This limits the technological possibilities of the plant and increases the cost of its practical use.

This system is characterized by inadequate sound insulation. As a result of the diffraction phenomena, the sound vibrations are emitted through the non-hermetically sealed technological openings in the jacket for the passage of the connecting lines into the exterior. In addition, the soundproofing of the exhaust air opening by means of the sound-absorbing screen only produces a partial effect due to the aforementioned diffraction of low-frequency sound waves.

Finally, in this system no sufficiently effective removal of the particles of the non-sputtered powdered material from the _A is ensured ufstäubungskammer, whereby the Betriehsbedingungen the drive of the displacement means being deteriorated and increases the explosivity of the plant. The sound absorption screen in front of the exhaust air opening proves to be a barrier on the way of the powder particles to be removed from the chamber. This leads to their accumulation in the sputtering chamber space. A number of metal powders can be used at high concentration under the action of Detonationspro products explode. The deposition of the powder on the mechanisms of the drive of the displacement means greatly reduces the working capacity of the latter and requires the use of a structurally complex protection.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention has for its object to perfect the construction and mutual arrangement of the elements of the system for detonation of coatings so that with a reduction in the dimensions of the system and in particular that of the sputtering chamber and with an increase in ease of use, a safe commissioning of the system and a high effectiveness of the damping of the noise generated during the work of the detonation equipment for dusting on coatings can be ensured.

This object is achieved in that in the system for the detonation application of coatings, comprising a soundproof dusting chamber for coatings, which has an inlet opening which is equipped with a cover, an inlet air opening and an exhaust air opening which is connected to the atmosphere by means of a ventilation system, and a soundproof ventilation chamber which has an inlet opening and is connected to the sputtering chamber via the supply air opening, but is connected to the atmosphere via the inlet opening, sputtering equipment for coatings which have a pipe with an open end cross section and connected to the pipe and outside the soundproofed chambers arranged: a dosing device of the powdery material to be dusted, a gas supply system and a spark plug, and a means for displacing the product to be processed relative to the end cross section of the tube, which means is accommodated in the dusting chamber, and a drive mechanically connected to this means, according to the invention the pipe of the sputtering equipment for coatings is arranged outside the soundproofed chambers, the drive of the displacement means is installed outside the sputtering chamber, the latter with two hermetically sealed openings guides is provided, and through one of them is in the sputtering chamber the end of the tube with an open end cross section and through the other the elements of the mechanical connection of the drive with the displacement means are introduced, with a slide and a means for. in the inlet opening of the ventilation chamber Blow out the chambers with compressed air installed.

It is expedient to install the drive of the displacement means in the ventilation chamber.

• - in der Anlage wird eine zuverlässige und effektive Schalldämmung gewährleistet, da das Rohr der Aufstäubungsausrüstung für Überzüge und die Elemente der mechanischen Verbindung des Antriebs mit dem Verschiebungsmittel in den Hohlraum der Aufstäubungskammer unter hermetischer Abdichtung der Durchführungen eingeführt sind, so daß die Aufatäubungskammer keinerlei Öffnungen aufweist, welche ihr Volumen mit dem umgebenden Raum unmittelbar verbinden und daher Geräusch durchlassen würden;
• - in der Anlage hängt der Effektivitätsgrad der Schalldämmung nicht von der konkreten Ausführung der Aufstäubungsausrüstung für Überzüge ab, weil in die Aufstäubungskammer nur ein Teil des Rohres mit offenem Endquerschnitt hermetisch dicht eingeführt ist, und im übrigen ist die Konstruktion sowohl der Aufstäubungskammer als auch der Belüftungskammer nicht von der Bauart und Anordnung der Aufstäubungsausrüstung für Überzüge abhängig;
• - die Anlage ist leicht bedienbar, weil ihre einer Bedienung bedürfenden Hauptelemente (Dosierer, Gasversorgungssystem, Zündkerze, Antrieb des Verschiebungsmittels) außerhalb der Aufstäubungskammer angeordnet sind, weshalb ein guter Zugang zu ihnen sichergestellt ist, wobei auch eine Regelung der Dosis des aufzustäubenden pulverförmigen Materials und des Aufstäubungsabstandes unmittelbar während des Aufstäubungsvorgangs ohne Verletzung der Arbeitsschutzvorschriften hinsichtlich der Geräuscheinwirkung auf das Personal ermöglicht wird;
• - in der Anlage wird ein hohes Arbeitsvermögen und die Zuverlässigkeit der Aufstäubungsausxüstung für Überzüge gewährleistet, weil der Dosierer, das Gasversorgungssystem und die Zündkerze an das Rohr ohne Benutzung von langen technologischen Verbindungsleitungen angeschlossen werden können, dadurch, daß sich der größte Teil des Rohres außerhalb der schallgeschützten Kammern befindet;
• - in der Anlage wird eine beträchtliche Verringerung der Abmessungen, der Gesamtmasse und der Materialintensität der Aufstäubungskammer und somit eine Erhöhung der Technologiegereohtheit der Herstellung und Montage sowie eine Senkung des Preises der Anlage im ganzen dadurch ermöglicht, daß der Antrieb des Mittels zum Verschieben des Erzeugnisses außerhalb der Aufstäubungskammer installiert ist;
• - in der Anlage wird bei verhältnismäßig geringen Abmessungen der Aufstäubungskammer eine ungefährliche Inbetriebsetzung der Anlage (darunter auch im Falle einer unbemerkten- Beschädigung des Gasversorgungssystems in der Betriebsruhezeit, welche zur Entweichung des Brenngases in den Hohlraum der Aufstäubungskammer führt) dadurch gewährleistet, daß in der Eintrittsöffnung der Belüftungskammer ein Schieber und ein Mittel zum Ausblasen der Kammern mit Druckluft eingebaut sind, die es gestatten, ein vor der Inbetriebsetzung erfolge.ndes Ausblasen sämtlicher Hohlräume der Anlage vor dem Anlassen des Entlüftungssystems sicherzustellen;
• - in der Anlage wird eine effektive Lüftung ermöglicht, weil die geringen Abmessungen der Aufstäubungskammer es erlauben, eine erhebliche Luftgeschwindigkeit in der Aufstäubungskammer sicherzustellen, wobei das Entlüftungssystem eine nicht explosionsgeschützte Ausführung haben kann, da das vor der Inbetriebsetzung Anlassen erfolgende Ausblasen die Möglichkeit einer Explosion des Entlüftungssystems beim Anlassen ausschließt und die Bildung von explosionsgefährlichen Brenngaskonzentrationen während der Arbeit der Anlage ist unmöglich;
• - in der Anlage wird dadurch, daß der Antrieb des Verschiebungsmittels außerhalb der Aufstäubungskammer installiert ist, ein zuverlässiger Schutz des Antriebs gegen die Einwirkung der Wärme und des Pulvers des aufzustäubenden Materials ohne Anwendung von konstruktiven Schutzmaßnahmen, welche den Antrieb komplizierter machen, gewährleistet, wobei gleichzeitig die Möglichkeit einer Explosion beim Anlassen des Antriebs beseitigt wird.

The system for detonation of coatings, carried out according to the present invention, has the following advantages:

• - Reliable and effective sound insulation is guaranteed in the system, since the pipe of the sputtering equipment for coatings and the elements of the mechanical connection of the drive with the displacement means are inserted into the cavity of the sputtering chamber with hermetic sealing of the bushings, so that the sputtering chamber has no openings which directly connect their volume to the surrounding space and would therefore let noise pass through;
• - In the system, the degree of effectiveness of the sound insulation does not depend on the specific design of the dusting equipment for coatings, because only part of the pipe with an open end cross section is hermetically sealed in the dusting chamber, and the rest of the construction of both the dusting chamber and the ventilation chamber does not depend on the type and arrangement of the dusting equipment for coatings;
• - The system is easy to operate because its main elements requiring operation (metering device, gas supply system, spark plug, drive of the displacement means) are arranged outside the sputtering chamber, which is why good access to them is ensured, with regulation of the dose of the powdery material to be sputtered and the dusting distance directly during the dusting process without violating the occupational safety regulations with regard to the noise effect on the Personnel is enabled;
• - A high level of working capacity and the reliability of the sputtering equipment for coatings are guaranteed in the system, because the metering device, the gas supply system and the spark plug can be connected to the pipe without the use of long technological connecting lines, in that most of the pipe is outside the pipe soundproofed chambers located;
• - In the plant, a considerable reduction in the dimensions, the total mass and the material intensity of the sputtering chamber and thus an increase in the technological sophistication of manufacture and assembly and a reduction in the price of the plant as a whole is made possible by the fact that the means for moving the product outside the sputtering chamber is installed;
• - In the system with relatively small dimensions of the sputtering chamber, a safe commissioning of the system (including in the case of unnoticed damage to the gas supply system during the idle period, which leads to the escape of the fuel gas into the cavity of the sputtering chamber) is ensured by the fact that in the inlet opening the ventilation chamber is fitted with a slide and a means for blowing out the chambers with compressed air, which make it possible to ensure that all the cavities in the system are blown out before starting up, before starting the ventilation system;
• - Effective ventilation is made possible in the system, because the small dimensions of the sputtering chamber make it possible to ensure a considerable air velocity in the sputtering chamber, and the ventilation system can be of a non-explosion-proof design, since the blow-out that takes place before starting up can cause an explosion of the Ventilation system during starting and the formation of explosive fuel gas concentrations during the work of the system is impossible;
• - In the system is instal that the drive of the displacement means outside the sputtering chamber is guaranteed reliable protection of the drive against the action of heat and powder of the material to be dusted without the use of constructive protective measures which complicate the drive, while eliminating the possibility of an explosion when starting the drive.

Brief description of the drawings

• Fig. 1 die Anlage zum Detonationsauftragen von Überzügen in der Gesamtansicht, Schnitt;
• Fig. 2 dasselbe wie in Fig. l, Draufsicht;
• Fig. 3 einen Schnitt nach Linie III - III in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach Linie IV - IV in Fig. 2;
• Fig. 5 eine andere Ausführungsform der Anlage zum Detonationsauftragen von Überzügen mit dem Antrieb des Mittels zum Verschieben des zu bearbeitenden Erzeugnisses in der Belüftungskammer, Draufsicht;
• Fig. 6 einen Schnitt nach Linie VI - VI in Fig. 5.

In the following the invention is explained by description of concrete embodiments thereof and with reference to the attached drawings, in which it shows according to the invention:

• Figure 1 shows the system for detonation of coatings in the overall view, section.
• 2 shows the same as in FIG. 1, top view;
• Figure 3 is a section along line III - III in Fig. 1.
• 4 shows a section along line IV-IV in FIG. 2;
• 5 shows another embodiment of the system for the detonation application of coatings with the drive of the means for displacing the product to be processed in the ventilation chamber, top view;
• 6 shows a section along line VI - VI in FIG. 5.

Best embodiments of the invention

The inventive system for detonation of coatings contains a soundproof sputtering chamber 1 (Fig. 1, 2) which has an entry opening 2 (Fig. 2) in one of the side walls, on the periphery of which a seal 3 is fastened to the outer surface of the chamber 1. The opening 2 is equipped with a pivotable soundproof cover 4, which cooperates with the seal 3 in the closed position and ensures a hermetic closure of the entry opening 2. An inlet air opening 5 (FIGS. 1, 3, 4) (or a series of inlet air openings) and an exhaust air opening 6 (FIGS. 1, 2, 3) are also embodied in the walls of the dusting chamber 1. The supply air opening 5 and the exhaust air opening 6 are arranged at the greatest possible distance from one another, in the present example on one and the same wall of the sputtering chamber 1. The exhaust air opening 6 coexists with the atmosphere (with the outside space) means of a ventilation system 7 (Fig. 4) in connection. The ventilation system 7 is hermetically sealed and, in the given case, contains an exhaust air receiver d (FIGS. 2, 4), means 9 (FIG. 4) for cleaning the ventilation air (for example cyclones), an air suction line 10 which connects to the vent opening of a fan 11 (Fig. 3,4) is connected, and an air outlet line 12, which is led out of the operating room (not shown). At the sputtering chamber 1 a soundproof ventilation ^t chamber 13 (Fig. 2, 3, 4) is hermetically connected, the upper wall of which has an inlet opening 14 (Fig. 2, 4) for the ventilation air, which is connected to the atmosphere as a connection piece is trained. The connection to the atmosphere can in particular be established by means of a system of supply air lines with the forced supply of air from a supply air fan (not shown). The mutual arrangement of the soundproofed chambers 1 and 13 is such that the chamber 13 communicates with the chamber 1 via the supply air opening 5 of the sputtering chamber 1.

In the sputtering chamber 1 guides 15 (Fig. I, 3) are attached, on which a means 16 (Fig. 1, 3) is mounted for moving a product to be processed, which means in the given case in the form of a Radwa-. gens is executed, which is linearly movable on the guides 15. The carriage is provided with a tensioning device 17 (FIG. 1) which is rotatable with respect to the axis of the tensioning device 17 and with a receiving tip 18. The sputtering chamber 1 is provided with two hermetically sealed bushings 19 and 20 (FIG. 1), which in the present example are designed as sleeves which are built into the walls of the sputtering chamber 1 and are equipped with seals.

The bushing 19 is located in the upper wall (in the "ceiling") of the dusting chamber 1, and the axis of the hermetically sealed bushing 19 is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the clamping device 17 and intersects with this axis. The hermetically sealed bushing 20 is coaxial with the tensioning device 17 hermetically sealed bushing 19 containing the wall of the sputtering chamber 1, a threaded column 21 (FIG. 1) with a support nut 22 (FIG. 1) is mounted. The nut 22 is designed so that it can cooperate with a sleeve 23 carrying a cantilever.

The system according to the invention also contains dusting equipment 24 for coatings. The dusting equipment 24 for coatings comprises a tube 25 (Fig.l) with an open end cross-section 26 and in connection with the tube 25: a metering device 27 of the powdery material to be dusted, a spark plug 28 and a gas supply system 29. The water-cooled tube 25 is connected to the Collar of the sleeve 23 rigidly connected. The gas supply system 29 includes valves 30, 31 each in a fuel gas line and an oxygen line and a mixer 32 for gases. The spark plug 28 is attached (in the present exemplary embodiment) to a main line of the gas supply system 29, which connects the mixer 32 to the pipe 25.

The mixer 32 and the main line containing the spark plug 28 are water-cooled.

The tube 25 is inserted into the sputtering chamber 1 via the hermetically sealed bushing 19 in such a way that it can move linearly along the axis of the bushing 19, but in such a way that the end of the tube 25 having the open end cross-section 26 is within each working position thereof the sputtering chamber 1. The remaining part of the tube 25 and together with it the metering device 27, the spark plug 28 and the gas supply system 29 are located outside the soundproofed chambers 1, 13.

An element 33 (FIG. 1, 2) of the mechanical connection is introduced into the sputtering chamber 1 via the hermetically sealed passage 20, which element is designed, for example, in the form of a hollow stick (hereinafter the stick 33). The stick 33 is linearly displaceable along the axis of the passage 20 and is mechanically connected to the means 16 for displacing the product relative to the end cross section 26 of the tube 25 inside the chamber 1.

The drive 34 of the means 16 for moving the Er zeugnieses is installed outside the sputtering chamber 1 and also connected to the stick 33. In the present example, the drive 34 comprises an electric drive 35 for rotation and an electric drive 36 for linear displacement of the product. The drive 34 is designed as follows. An intermediate shaft 37 (FIG. 1) is inserted in the interior of the hollow stick 33 and can be rotated about its own axis in bearings which are arranged inside the stick 33 (not identified by reference numbers). The shaft 37 is mechanically connected to the tensioning device 17 of the means 16 and to the electric drive 35, which is rigidly connected to the stick 33. The electric drive 36 is equipped with a screw 38 (FIG. 1) with a gear nut 39, the nut 39 being able to interact with the stick 33 to transmit its movement thereon. The cavity of the stick 33 and the shaft 37 are protected on the side of the sputtering chamber 1 with seals.

The inlet air opening 14 of the ventilation chamber 13 is provided with a slide 40 (FIGS. 1, 2, 4) and a means 41 (FIGS. 2, 4) for blowing out the chambers 1, 13 with compressed air. The means 41 is designed as a compressed air line with an electromagnetic valve 42 (FIG. 1) which is inserted into the opening 14. The slide 40 is designed with the possibility of a hermetic closure of the opening 14. The open and the closed position of the slide 40 is fixed by respective transmitters 43, 44 (FIG. 4) of the slide position, which are attached to the ventilation chamber 13. In the sputtering chamber 1, an explosion remote control 45 (Fig.l) is installed, as which a microphone or an electromagnetic telephone is used. On the air outlet line 12 of the ventilation system 7, a transmitter 46 (FIG. 3) for the presence of the ventilation is attached, as which a relay converter of pressure, delivery pressure and train is used in an electrical signal.

The system according to the present invention can be provided with a number of additional elements (not shown) which ensure the safety of its systems and the car Increase the degree of automation and improve the quality of coatings. For example, a means for a continuous or pulse-like non-technological "free fire" can be arranged in the dusting chamber 1 in front of its exhaust air opening 6. This means can be in the form of an electric heater or an additional arrester (an additional spark plug). An additional sound level transmitter (microphone, telephone, noise meter with electrical output) can be provided outside the soundproofed chambers 1, 13. If this transmitter is arranged in the vicinity of the metering device 27 of the dusting equipment 24, it simultaneously fulfills the function of a sensor for the fill level of the powdery material to be dusted in the metering device 27. Explosion flaps can be arranged in the upper wall of the dusting chamber 1. An additional compressed air source for blowing on the product to be processed can be introduced into the cavity of the chamber 1. The necessity and rationality of the use of the listed auxiliary elements are determined by the concrete conditions of use of the system for detonation dusting.

The system for detonation dusting is provided with an electrical control system 47 (FIG. 1) which represents the entirety of means for information processing and generation of commands. The system 47 is based on the elements of industrial electronics, for example it can be a programmable command device or a microcomputer. The aforementioned sensors 43, 44, 45, 46 and the valves 30, 31, 42 are electrically connected to the system of the electrical control 47. When using the auxiliary elements (means of "free fire", sound level transmitter) in the system, these elements are also connected to the system 47.

The second embodiment of the inventive system for detonation of coatings, shown in Fig.5, 5 is similar to the first embodiment shown in Figures 1-4, with the only difference that in it the drive 34 of the means 16 for moving the Product is installed in the sputtering chamber 1 in the ventilation chamber 13, while the elements of the ventilation system 7 - the cleaning agents 9, the air suction line 10, the fan 11 and part of the air outlet line 12 - are housed in an additional soundproof housing 48. The housing 48 is hermetically connected to the wall of the sputtering chamber 1 which has the exhaust air opening 6. According to this embodiment, a more rational structure of the system according to the invention is ensured. The sputtering chamber 1 is constructed as a welded metal construction: its base body is formed by an undivided solid steel structure 49 (consisting of heavy plate) (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 6). It is also possible to design this scaffold in the form of a construction with metallic double walls, the space between which is filled with a pourable mass (e.g. with sand). On the inner surface of the frame 49 (on the side of the open end cross section 26 of the tube 25), sound absorbing material mats 50 are laid in a cover made of glass fiber material, which are protected by a perforated thin sheet 51 made of steel or dural.

Similarly, the soundproof movable cover 4 (Fig. 2) is executed. The structure of the buckle insulation of the ventilation chamber 13 (Fig. 3, 4) and the additional housing 48 (Fig. 5, 6) is analogous to that described above, but with the difference that the metal frame is made significantly less solid (made of sheet metal) .

The detonation dusting system works as follows.

Before starting work, the system should be in the initial state - the slide 40 is closed (i.e. it hermetically closes the inlet opening 14 of the ventilation chamber 13) and the movable buckle-protected cover 4 is hermetically sealed.

The control system 47 is switched on. Since the slide 40 is closed, the transmitter 44 blocks the possibility of starting the ventilation system 7 (specifically the fan 11). Fading a signal from encoder 46 for that The presence of the ventilation in turn blocks the possibility _that the control system 47 drives the means 34 for moving the product (specifically the electric drives 35, 36) and the sputtering equipment 24 (specifically the valves 30, 31 of the gas supply system 29 and the spark plug 2d) ) are left on. In response to a signal from the control system 47, the valve 42 of the means 41 for blowing out the cavities in the system is opened. The compressed air flows freely out of the blow-out means 41. Since the Sch: .eber 40 and the lid 4 are hermetically sealed and in the sputtering chamber 1, the tube 25 is inserted via the hermetically sealed feedthrough 19, the stick 33 but via the hermetically sealed feedthrough 20, the air has the possibility only via the Abluftöffnun ^g 6 and the ventilation system 7 to emerge. The air fills the ventilation chamber 13 successively (from top to bottom) and then passes through the supply air opening 5 into the dusting chamber 1, from which it flows through the exhaust air opening 6 into the marriage ventilation system 7 and continues to escape into the atmosphere outside the production space. After a predetermined period of time, a signal from the control system 47 closes the valve 42 of the blow-out means 41, and the blow-out that takes place before starting stops. The blow-out before starting guarantees the safety of further starting regardless of the operational condition of the gas supply system 29 of the sputtering equipment 24 after long-term interruptions in operation of the system (including after regular interruptions). If, as a result of unnoticed malfunction-related fuel gas escapes (for example in the case of a non-intact fuel gas valve 30), an explosive fuel gas concentration has formed in the sputtering chamber 1 and the ventilation chamber 13 during the period of inactivity, this concentration will decrease continuously when blowing out with air, and if the duration is sufficient Blow-out process, the fuel gas content in the cavities of the chambers 13, 1 is reduced to a safe level. Here, until the blowout is completed, the sputtering equipment 24 cannot the electric motors 35, 36 and even the exhaust fan 11 are still started, ie the possibility of ignition and explosion in the chambers 1, 13 originating from all possible sources is switched off. The blow-out time required to ensure the safety of the system is determined by the volume of the cavities in the chambers 1, 13 and the ventilation system 7. If, for example, the diameter that determines the air consumption from the mean 41 is 10 mm, the volume of the cavities mentioned is 0.8 m ³ and the initial concentration of ethylene (fuel gas) in the cavities of chamber 1 is 70% after the leakages caused by the fault , the blow-out time should amount to at least 3.5 min. After 3.5 minutes of air blowing, the acetylene concentration reached 1.5%. This example shows that blowing out the soundproofed chambers by means of compressed air (as a method to ensure the safety of further commissioning) is particularly expedient for relatively small volumes (dimensions) of chambers 1 and 13. Since the fan 11 and its electric motor do not function when blowing out, the fan and its drive can be designed in a conventional (not explosive) version.

After blowing out, the slide 40 is opened, the ventilation chamber 13 being connected to the atmosphere by means of the inlet opening 14; From the position transmitter 43 of the driver 40 a signal for starting the fan 11 arrives. At the command of the control system 47, the fan 11 is switched on, which always continues to work until the work on the system for detonation dusting is completed. In this case, the ventilation air flows in via the inlet opening 14, while the air is removed via the exhaust air opening 6 of the sputtering chamber 1 by means of the ventilation system 7. There is an overpressure in the ventilation chamber 13 compared to the sputtering chamber 1. As soon as the delivery pressure (Z _u g, pressure) in the air outlet line 12 If the ventilation system 7 reaches the permissible value, the transmitter 46 responds to the presence of the ventilation current. This enables the drive 34 and the dusting equipment 24 to be started on a signal from the control system 47. Furthermore, any failure or damage in the ventilation system 7, which causes the delivery pressure (train, pressure) to drop below the level controlled by the transmitter 46, leads to an immediate shutdown of the sputtering equipment 24 and the drive 34.

After switching on the ventilation, the operator opens the lid 4 of the chamber 1 and introduces a product to be processed via the entry opening 2 of the dusting chamber 1 onto the means 18 for moving the product. The product is fastened in the clamping device 17 and, if necessary, pressed by the tip 18. Thereafter, by adjusting movements of the carriage of the means 16 on the guides 15 (by hand or using the drive 34), the starting position of the product to be processed with respect to the open end cross section 26 of the pipe 25 of the sputtering equipment 24 is reached. The operator closes the lid 4 and closes the entry opening 2 of the sputtering chamber 1 with the aid of clamping means (not denoted by a reference number). The hermetic seal is achieved by the action of the cover 4 on the seal 3.

The operator then makes the technological adjustment of the gas supply system 29, opens the cooling water supply into the pipe 25 and the mixer 32 for gases and sets the required atomizing distance. In this case, the regulation of the dusting distance is carried out as follows. When the hand control nut 22 is turned, the bearing bush 23 moves on the threaded column 21 and together with it also the pipe 25. The pipe 25 moves along the axis of the hermetically sealed passage 19 of the dusting chamber 1. The tightness of the dusting chamber 1 is not destroyed. It is obvious that with the mutual arrangement of the dusting equipment 24 and the soundproof chambers 1, 13 set out above, no obstacles to the change of the dusting distance (i.e. the position of the open end cross-section 26 of the tube 25 with respect to the product to be processed) immediately during the coating of the product Dusting exists if such a change is necessary.

Then, on a signal from the control system 47, the dusting equipment 24 and the drive 34 'of the means 16 for moving the product are switched on. The valves 30, 31 of the gas supply system 29 are opened. The fuel gas and oxygen continuously enter the mixer 32 for gases. The working gas mixture reaches the pipe 25 from the mixer 32 and fills it. At the moment of the complete filling of the tube 25, aas means at the moment that the gas mixture reaches the open end cross-section 26, a discharge pulse arrives at a signal coming from the system 47 into the spark gap of the spark plug 28. A detonation develops in tube 25. It should be noted that in the present embodiment of the system, the metering device 27 of the coating equipment 24 does not work during the first detonation cycle and no coating is applied. The detonation products act on the powder of the material to be dusted in the metering device 27 and convey the prepared powder dose into the tube 25. In the second and subsequent detonation cycles, the powder of the material to be dusted into the tube 25 is accelerated to high speeds and melted with detonation products. When leaving the open end cross-section 26, the powder particles interact with the surface of the product and form a coating thereon. Since in this type of system the design of the dusting equipment 24 does not depend on the dimensions and the arrangement of the soundproofed chambers 1, 13 (with the exception of the diameter of the hermetically sealed bushing 19 and the outside diameter of the tube 25), one becomes high reliability and high working capacity of the equipment 24 achieved. The length of the technological connecting lines, which connect the metering 27, the mixer 32 and the spark plug 28 to the pipe 25, is determined in this system only by the design of the equipment 24 itself. As a result, problems are missing or are reduced to a minimum, which are associated with the agglomeration of the powder and the instability, with the possibility of automatic (uncontrolled) mixture ignition, with the blockage of the pipe 25 relative to the point of introduction of the fuel mixture.

At the same time, since the metering device 27, the spark plug 28 of the gas supply system 29 are arranged outside the soundproofed chambers 1, 13, a very operational character of the operation and the exchange of assemblies is achieved. Free access to the metering device 27 enables the mechanical control of the powder dose (the spraying performance), including directly during the spraying process, because the tightness of the spraying chamber 1 is not destroyed during the control of the dose and therefore the working conditions of the operator are not affected. As already stated above, the possibility of regulating the sputtering distance is ensured directly during the sputtering process. The arrangement of the major part of the actual pipe 25 outside the soundproofed chambers 1, 13 facilitates its operation, in particular its cleaning, because it is not connected to the dismantling of the equipment 24.

Every detonation pulse is accompanied by powerful sound. This sound is detected by the transmitter 45, which generates an electrical signal. This signal is processed by the control system 47 in such a way that when the time interval between the arrival of the neighboring signals coming from the explosive device 45 comes from predetermined ignition periodicity (ie frequency of the impulse from the system 47 to the spark plug 28), the valves 30, 31 of the gas supply system 29 are kept open.

But if the spark plug 28 or. when the burning penetrates into the mixer 32 for gases (so-called "flame flashback"), a subsequent explosion does not take place; the sound pulse accompanying the explosion also does not occur. If the sound is absent for a period of time that exceeds the predetermined operating interval between the detonation pulses ("launches") by 40 to 50%, the control system 47 switches off the valves 30 and 31 and the supply of gases stops. The drive 34 is also switched off. Thus, the unreacted (explosive) mixture can be fed into the sputtering chamber or burned in the mixer 32 (provided the valves 30, 31 are hermetically sealed) for a very short time (maximum 0.5 s).

This is essential both from the point of view of the possible failure of the mixer 32 and in connection with the fact that the volume of the sputtering chamber 1 in this system is relatively small. If the ventilation is working, no explosive fuel gas concentration can form within such a short period of time.

The noise accompanying the detonation pulses in tube 25 is primarily aerodynamic. This means that the actual water-cooled pipe 25 as well as other elements of the equipment 24 practically always have such rigidity, mass and structure in which the sound source is the open end section 26 of the pipe 25.

Sound insulation is achieved in this system as follows. The sound waves propagate from the open end section 26 of the tube 25 first in the soundproof sputtering chamber 1. Here, the noise reduction takes place firstly thanks to the dissipation of the sound energy in the pores of the sound absorbent 50 and secondly through multiple reflection and scattering of the sound energy when the sound waves interact with the massive (ie, having a sufficient specific surface mass) undivided framework 49. The effectiveness of the absorption of due to the perforation of the sheet 51 in the sound absorbing material 50, the sound is higher for the high and medium frequency component of the spectrum of sound vibrations (for frequencies of 1000 Hz and higher). The solidity of the scaffold 49 is of crucial importance for sound vibrations in the range of 250-1000 Hz, and for the sound waves in the range of 32-250 Hz the rigidity of the structure of the scaffold 49 is essential in addition to the mass.

Here, the tightness of the sputtering chamber 1 is of considerable importance for sound vibrations of all frequencies from the standpoint of sound insulation. The direct exit of the sound waves from the sputtering chamber 1 into the production room can destroy all measures to ensure sound insulation. It is therefore important that the soundproof cover 4 hermetically seals the opening 2 in this system and that the bushings 19, 20 are hermetically sealed.

It should also be noted that the mutual butt connection of the elements of the sputtering equipment 24 (i.e. the connection of the mixer 32 for gases, the spark plug 28, the metering device 27 to the pipe 25 and also the internal connections in these systems) is carried out hermetically sealed . This is important not only from the point of view of noise, but also from a safety perspective.

In the system according to the invention, the sound vibrations can only freely emerge from the sputtering chamber 1 through the supply air opening 5 and the exhaust air opening 6.

However, if the (already weakened) rapid waves penetrate through the supply air opening 5, the front of the sound wave expands when it enters the ventilation chamber 13, with some of the energy being lost. Then the sound interacts via the location of the sheet 51 with the developed sound-absorbing surface 50 of the ventilation chamber 13 and is finally dampened.

It should be noted that the axes of the inlet air opening 5 of the chamber 1 and the inlet opening 14 of the chamber 13 are one Include right angles to eliminate the so-called "beam-shaped" sound passage. The degree of effectiveness of the sound insulation from the point of view of the sound entering through the opening 5 is determined by the volume and the surface of the soundproof chamber-13.

In this system, these parameters are in no way related to the arrangement and construction of the sputtering equipment 24. Since the surface of the sound-absorbing material 50 in the chamber 13 is practically considerable in this system, the noise level at the outlet, i.e. at the opening 14, even lower than the noise level at the operator's workplace (in front of the cover 4) and is 78 dBa.

The sound vibrations that penetrate into the exhaust air opening 6 propagate in the ventilation system 7, specifically in the exhaust air sensor 8, the cleaning agents 9, in the air suction line 10, in the fan 11 and in the air outlet line 12. However, all of these elements are themselves in soundproof cavities housed, which is why the noise entering System 7 does not go beyond the limits of the system. In the embodiment of the system shown in Figs. 1-4, this is the cavity of the ventilation chamber 13, and in the embodiment of the system shown in Figs. 5, 6, this is the additional soundproof housing 48. In addition, elements of the system 7 are like that Detergent 9 (eg cyclones) and the fan 11 per se powerful barier on the way of aerodynamic noise due to a considerable flow resistance (they are reflection silencers). The fan 11 itself, as which a medium-pressure or a high-pressure fan (ie a high-speed fan) is to be used, is a source of the additional noise. This noise cannot be compared with the sound of the detonation pulses, and it is sufficient to suppress it to house the fan 11 in the soundproof volume of the chamber 13 or the housing 48, as shown in the drawings.

Overall, this system succeeds in reducing the noise level to ~ 80 dBa at an output noise level of around 140 dBa.

When dusting, the powder of the material to be dusted, which is thrown out of the pipe 25, is not completely used for dusting. A considerable amount of the powder particles, namely the particles which have no energy which is sufficient to reach the product surface and to produce a coating, are scattered in the sputtering chamber 1. The major part of this “airy” powder is collected by the ventilation system 7. The particles are discharged through the flow of ventilation air through the exhaust air opening 6 of the sputtering chamber 1 and reach the cleaning agents 9 (cyclones, bag filter) via the exhaust air sensor 8, where they are braked and settle. An already cleaned air flows via the air suction line 10 and is thrown out by the fan 11 via the air outlet line 12.

Nevertheless, complete removal of the powder particles from the chamber 1 cannot be achieved. The installation of the drive 34 outside the soundproof sputtering chamber 1 excludes or reduces to a minimum the possibility of contamination of the mechanisms, their jamming, and prevents loss of the accuracy of displacement due to wear. At the same time, the use of conventional types of lubricants becomes possible because the mechanisms of the drive 34 are outside the zone of thermal effects that accompany the detonation sputtering. At the same time, the dimensions of the sputtering chamber 1 are additionally reduced because the drive 34 is arranged outside of it. This reduces the overall mass of the system, the material intensity and increases the technology conformity during assembly.

The accommodation of the drive 34 in the ventilation chamber 13 (FIGS. 5, 6) allows the volume of this chamber to be used advantageously. In this case the Drive 34 is continuously blown with the supplied ventilation air, which flows from the inlet opening 14 of the chamber 13 to the supply air opening 5 of the chamber 1. The powder particles do not get onto the mechanisms of the drive 34 because of how. already stated above, an inevitable overpressure with respect to chamber 1 arises in chamber 13. The electric motors of the drive 34 can be designed to be explosion-proof.

The movement of the product during dusting is carried out as follows. The electric drive 35 serving for rotation continuously sets the intermediate shaft 37 in revolutions, which transmits the rotary movement to the tensioning device 17 of the means 16. The electric drive 36 of the linear displacement sets the screw 38 in rotation, the gear nut 39 moving thereon. The nut 39 transmits its movement to the stick 33, which moves along the axis of the hermetically sealed passage 30 of the chamber 1. The intermediate shaft 37 located in the hollow stick 33 moves together with it and the electric drive 35 which is attached to the stick 33. Here, the intermediate shaft 37 simultaneously displaces the carriage (the means 16) connected to it on the guides 15. The linear displacement can take place step by step or continuously. The shift program can be specified by the control system 47. The design of the drive 34 and its mode of operation can also be carried out differently depending on the shape and dimensions of the product to be processed.

It must be noted that the installation of the drive 34 outside the chamber 1 makes it possible to simplify its construction, since there is no need to protect the elements of the drive against finely dispersed, abrasive particles. The operation of the drive 34, its repair and assembly are also greatly simplified.

After dusting on the product has ended, the valves 30, 31 of the gas supply system 29 are closed in response to a control signal, the supply of high-voltage pulses to the spark plug 28 is interrupted, and the drive 34 is switched off, the lid 4 of the sputtering chamber 1 is opened and the finished product is removed from the spraying agent 16 via the opening 2.

After the sputtering work has ended (at the end of the working shift), the fan 11 is switched off, the slide 40 is returned to the initial state (ie, the inlet opening 14 is hermetically sealed with the slide 40) and the cover 4 of the sputtering chamber 1 is hermetically sealed . Thereafter, the gas supply system 29 (the valves of the gas sources and the like) and finally the control system 47 are turned off.

Commercial usability

The system for detonation of coatings is intended for processing small and medium batches of individual parts in the motor vehicle industry, for example for the sale of motor parts such as shafts, axles, sleeves, and parts of the motor vehicle fuel system.

In the petroleum and petroleum-producing industry, the system according to the invention can be used to solidify the individual parts of the drilling technology and pump units that operate under conditions of abrasive wear.

In addition, the system can be used for the true-to-size restoration of parts of the mechanical engineering company with relatively small areas of surfaces to be restored.

Claims (2)

1. system for detonation of coatings, containing a soundproof dusting chamber (1) for coatings, which has an inlet opening (2), which is equipped with a lid (4), an inlet air opening (5) and an exhaust air opening (6), which by means of a Ventilation system (7) is connected to the atmosphere, and has a soundproof ventilation chamber (13) which has an inlet opening (14) and with the sputtering chamber (l) via the supply air opening (5), but with the atmosphere via the inlet opening ( 14), sputtering equipment (24) for coatings, comprising a tube (25) with an open end cross-section (26) and connected to the tube (25) and arranged outside the soundproofed chambers (1, 13): a metering device (27) of the powdery material to be dusted, a gas supply system (29) and a spark plug (28), and a means (16) for displacing the product to be processed relative to the end cross section (26) of the tube (25) which means is accommodated in the sputtering chamber (1) and a drive (34) mechanically connected to this means, characterized in that the tube (25) of the sputtering equipment (24) for coatings is arranged outside the soundproofed chambers (1, 13) is, the drive (34) of the displacement means (16) is installed outside the sputtering chamber (1), the latter is provided with two hermetically sealed passages (19, 20) and through one of them into the sputtering chamber (1) the end of the tube (25) with an open end cross-section (26) is inserted, while through the other an element (33) of the mechanical connection of the drive (34) to the displacement means (16) is inserted, wherein in the inlet opening (14) of the ventilation chamber (13) a slide (40) and a means (41) for blowing out the chambers (1, 13) with compressed air are installed. 2. System for detonation of coatings according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive (34) of the displacement means (16) is installed in the ventilation chamber (13).

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