EP0014695B1 - Cutter head with water nozzles and process for operating this head - Google Patents

Cutter head with water nozzles and process for operating this head Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0014695B1
EP0014695B1 EP80890010A EP80890010A EP0014695B1 EP 0014695 B1 EP0014695 B1 EP 0014695B1 EP 80890010 A EP80890010 A EP 80890010A EP 80890010 A EP80890010 A EP 80890010A EP 0014695 B1 EP0014695 B1 EP 0014695B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting head
annular gap
cutting
cooling water
nozzles
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EP80890010A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0014695A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Hintermann
Alfred Zitz
Otto Dipl.-Ing. Schetina
Herwig Wrulich
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Voestalpine AG
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Voestalpine AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E21D9/1013—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom
    • E21D9/102—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom by a longitudinally extending boom being pivotable about a vertical and a transverse axis
    • E21D9/1026—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom by a longitudinally extending boom being pivotable about a vertical and a transverse axis the tool-carrier being rotated about a transverse axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/22—Equipment for preventing the formation of, or for removal of, dust
    • E21C35/23—Distribution of spraying-fluids in rotating cutter-heads

Definitions

  • the cutter head rotates and the water must flow to the cutter head over the carrier of the cutter head, i. H. usually via the cutting arm.
  • a cutter head is equipped with a large number of chisels and therefore a large number of nozzles must be provided on the cutter head, which must be connected to a space from which the water is supplied to the nozzles. This also presents difficulties.
  • a cutting roller for roller cutting machines has already become known, the jacket of which carries water nozzles.
  • a cutting machine has become known in which two cutting heads are mounted on a cross member on both sides of a cutting arm.
  • the cutter arm can be swiveled horizontally and vertically.
  • the cutting heads are hollow and the support, which is rigidly connected to the cutting arm, projects into the cavity of the cutting heads. With such designs, it is also known to accommodate the last gear stage of the cutter head drive in the hollow cutter head, and this last gear stage must be included in the oil circuit.
  • the invention now relates to a hollow cutting head of a part-cut cutting machine equipped with chisels, which can be rotatably supported on an end of the cross member projecting into the hollow cutting head, the cross member being rigidly connected to the cutting arm pivotable in a horizontal and vertical plane, and the cutting head cooling water nozzles has, which are directed against the chisel, the cooling water in the cutting head body and via channels in the same can be guided to the cooling water nozzles, and aims to effectively seal the water-carrying system even at high water supply pressures, such as. B. over 300 bar and in particular over 400 bar, and to allow easy guidance of the water to the nozzles.
  • the invention consists essentially in the fact that a distribution chamber is arranged in the cutting head body, which is aligned with a water supply pipe rigidly arranged on the cross member on its axis, the water supply pipe opening into the distribution room and sealingly connectable to the distribution room of the rotatably mounted cutting head body, that in Cutting head body is provided at least one annular gap which extends in the axial direction of the cutting head, that the annular gap (s) is connected to the distribution space via at least one bore and that bores open into the annular gap which lead to the cooling water nozzles.
  • the nozzles can now pass through approximately radial bores, all of which are in the annular gap or in the Annular gaps open, are connected to the water-bearing space. This results in a simple construction. Essentially, only short bores are required and intersections of bores, which are necessary when drilling around the corner, are avoided. A pressure drop in the bores is thus reduced to a minimum, while in the annular gap or in the annular gaps the flow velocity is relatively low, so that the pressure drop is negligible here.
  • the supply pressure of the water can thus be brought substantially into effect on the nozzles and thus counteracting blockage of the nozzles.
  • the walls of the annular gap or the annular gap have an approximately cylindrical shape in a cutting head. Such a cylinder jacket can withstand very high pressures without difficulty.
  • the load on the end walls delimiting the annular gap is unfavorable. This applies in particular to a known embodiment in which the cutting head guide is constructed from axially adjoining disks which are welded to one another. In this case, the weld seams are stressed by the load acting on the end walls of the annular gap.
  • the areas of the end walls of an annular gap acted upon by the water pressure are, however, substantially smaller than the area of the cylindrical walls delimiting the annular gap, so that the total pressure acting on these end walls can still be readily absorbed even with high supply pressure of the water.
  • the size of an end face delimiting the annular gap is only a fraction, preferably at most 1/10 to 1 / 20 the size of the circumferential surface of the annular gap, the annular gap extending over at least one third of the axial length of the cutting head. In this way, a simple construction with high compressive strength is achieved.
  • the inventive design of the cutting head enables the cooling water to be fed to the cutting head under very high pressure and to make this high pressure effective without significant losses to the nozzles, so that blockage of the nozzles is avoided with certainty.
  • the cooling water is fed to the cutting head under a pressure of over 300 bar, preferably under a pressure of about 400 bar. In the known designs, it was not possible to increase the supply pressure of the cooling water to the cutting head above 20 to 30 bar.
  • the water supply pipe can be sealingly guided through a wall rotating with the cutting head, which delimits a space separated from the oil space of the cutting head drive and from the roller bearings that support the cutting head. This ensures that in the event of slight leaks in the sealing point between the fixed part and the rotating cutting head, water escaping does not get directly into the oil circuit.
  • this space, which is separated from the oil space is preferably in communication with the atmosphere, so that no pressure can be built up in this space, which is separated from the oil space, even in the event of major leaks due to escaping water.
  • the seal arranged in the wall rotating with the cutting head is now not acted upon by the supply pressure and therefore ensures complete tightness.
  • the space separated from the oil space can communicate with the atmosphere via a check valve opening to the atmosphere and / or a labyrinth seal or the like, so that dust and foreign bodies cannot penetrate into the space separated from the oil space.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cutting machine
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the cutting arm with the cutting heads in side view and top view
  • FIG. 4 shows a section through one of the cutting heads and the cutting arm according to line IV-IV of FIG. 2 on a larger scale.
  • the cutting machine 1 has a cutting arm 2 which can be pivoted from top to bottom about a horizontal axis 3 and laterally about a vertical axis 4.
  • a cutting head 6 is rotatably mounted about an axis 5.
  • a cooling water line 7 is guided along the top of the cutting arm 2, which is covered by a U-profile 8 and is protected against falling rock.
  • This cooling water line is guided over the end of the cutting arm 2 to the front and is connected to the cutting arm by a screw connection 9.
  • 10 is a cover plate which protects the front part of the cooling water line 7.
  • the cooling water line 7 is supplied with cooling water under high pressure via a pump, not shown.
  • the cutting head body 12 is constructed from axially lined-up disks 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, which are welded together. These disks 13 to 17 surround a cylindrical middle piece 18 of the cutter body and this middle piece 18 is welded to the welded group of disks 13 to 17.
  • This welded unit 13 to 17 and 18 is covered by an end part 19 which is screwed by means of screws 20 to the welded unit 13 to 17 and 18.
  • a ring 21 and a plate 22 are welded to this end part 19 again.
  • a central ring part 23, with which a central insert 24 is screwed, is welded into the plate 22.
  • the cooling water is guided from the screw connection 9 via a bore 25 on the cutting arm 2 and bores 26 and 27 in the support 11 rigidly connected to the cutting arm to a central cavity 28 in this support 11.
  • This tube 29 opens into a distribution space 30, which lies within the insert 24.
  • the end of this tube 29 is sealingly guided in the insert 24 by a seal 31.
  • the insert 24 thus rotates with the cutting head around the fixed tube 29.
  • this tube is arranged in the axis of the cutting head 6, a perfect seal by the seal 31 is possible.
  • the cutter head body is mounted on the carrier 11 rigidly connected to the cutter arm 2 by means of roller bearings 32, 33 and 34.
  • the outer bearing seat 35 of the roller bearing 34 is rigidly connected to the cutting head body, for example screwed, and closed by a cover 36.
  • a cavity 37 is formed between the cover 36 and the plate 22.
  • a non-illustrated epicyclic gear, which forms the last transmission stage, is also arranged within the carrier 11. This epicyclic gear and also the roller bearings 32, 33 and 34 run in an oil bath which is connected to the oil circuit of the gear.
  • the space 37 is sealed off from the oil space by the cover 36. 38 indicates an overload slip clutch, via which the cutting head body consisting of parts 13 to 22 is connected to a hub 39, which is mounted on the carrier 11 by means of the roller bearings 32, 33 and 34.
  • the central tube 29 rigidly connected to the carrier is also sealingly guided in the cover 36 by a seal 40. It is thereby achieved that, if necessary, water passing through the seal 31 cannot get into the oil circuit, but only into the space 37, so that entry of water into the oil circuit is avoided.
  • This space 37 is connected to the atmosphere through an opening 41, so that a pressure cannot build up in the space 37.
  • a check valve (not shown) and / or a labyrinth seal (not shown) can be installed in this opening 41, so that penetration of dirt into the space 37 is avoided.
  • the cooling water passes through a bore 42 into an annular gap 43 and through further bores 44 and 45 into an annular gap 46.
  • These two annular gaps 43 and 46 extend essentially over the axial length of the cutting head body.
  • the cooling water nozzles are located on the circumference of the cutting head body and each radial bore starting from the circumference must therefore meet in one of the annular gaps 43 or 46.
  • Such radial bores 47 and 48 are shown in the drawing.
  • the holes leading to the other nozzles are not in the cutting plane. A water supply to all nozzles is thus possible from these annular gaps 43 and 46.
  • the annular gap 46 lies between the middle piece 18 and the group of disks 13 to 17 welded together.
  • the annular gap 43 lies between the end part 19 and the ring 21.
  • annular gaps can therefore easily be left out before the parts are welded together. Since the supply pressure is chosen to be very high and is, for example, 400 bar, the load on the walls delimiting the cylindrical annular gaps 43 and 46 is considerable. The cylindrical walls of the annular gaps 43 and 46 have a large area. However, these surface loads can easily be absorbed by the disks 13 to 17 delimiting the annular gap 46 and the central piece 18. The loads acting on the ends 49 and 50 of the annular gap 46, however, stress the welded connections between the disks 13 to 17. However, because the gap width of the annular gap is kept very small, these loads are only slight even at very high supply pressure of the cooling water and therefore harmless.
  • Fig. 1 the drive of the cutting head is also shown schematically.
  • Hiebei is designated by 51 the toothed output shaft end, the teeth of which meshes with intermediate wheels 53 mounted on axles 52 in the carrier 11. These intermediate wheels are again in engagement with an internal toothing 54 of a part of the rotatably mounted cutting head 6 which is designed as a ring gear.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)

Description

Beim Schrämen treten an den Meißeln hohe Temperaturen auf, so daß eine Kühlung der Meißel an und für sich von Vorteil ist. Wenn nun aber z. B. beim Schrämen von Kohle im Flöz harte Gesteinseinschlüsse vorhanden sind oder wenn auch Schichten von hartem taubem Gestein geschrämt werden müssen, so kann eine Funkenbildung auftreten und eine solche Funkenbildung bringt wieder die Gefahr einer Explosion des aus dem Flöz austretenden Grubengases mit sich. Es wurde daher bereits vorgeschlagen, die Meißel mit Wasser zu kühlen. Hiebei ist es auch bekannt, die Wasserdüsen am Schrämkopf selbst anzuordnen, so daß der Wasserstrahl unmittelbar gegen die Meißel gerichtet ist. Solche Düsen sind nun aber der Einwirkung des beim Schrämen entstehenden Staubes ausgesetzt und um eine Verlegung dieser Düsen zu verhindern, ist es notwendig, das Wasser den Düsen unter möglichst hohem Druck zuzuführen. Der Schrämkopf rotiert und das Wasser muß dem Schrämkopf über den Träger des Schrämkopfes, d. h. üblicherweise über den Schrämarm, zugeführt werden. Je höher der Druck des Wassers ist, desto schwieriger ist die Abdichtung der wasserführenden Leitung zwischen dem feststehenden Träger und dem rotierenden Schrämkopf, und es ist daher bei den bekannten Ausbildungen der Höhe des Wasserdruckes eine Grenze gesetzt. Ein Schrämkopf ist mit einer großen Anzahl von Meißeln bestückt und es muß daher eine große Anzahl von Düsen am Schrämkopf vorgesehen sein, welche mit einem Raum verbunden sein müssen, aus welchem das Wasser den Düsen zugeführt wird. Auch dies bietet Schwierigkeiten.When cutting, high temperatures occur on the chisels, so that cooling the chisels is advantageous in and of itself. But if z. If hard rock inclusions are present when coal is being mined in the seam or if layers of hard, deaf rock have to be cut, sparking can occur and such sparking again brings with it the danger of an explosion of the mine gas escaping from the seam. It has therefore already been proposed to cool the chisels with water. Hiebei it is also known to arrange the water nozzles on the cutting head itself, so that the water jet is directed directly against the chisel. However, such nozzles are now exposed to the dust generated during grinding and in order to prevent these nozzles from being moved, it is necessary to supply the water to the nozzles under the highest possible pressure. The cutter head rotates and the water must flow to the cutter head over the carrier of the cutter head, i. H. usually via the cutting arm. The higher the pressure of the water, the more difficult it is to seal the water-carrying line between the fixed support and the rotating cutting head, and there is therefore a limit to the height of the water pressure in the known designs. A cutter head is equipped with a large number of chisels and therefore a large number of nozzles must be provided on the cutter head, which must be connected to a space from which the water is supplied to the nozzles. This also presents difficulties.

Aus der FR-A-1 455734 ist bereits eine Schrämwalze für Walzenschrämmaschinen bekannt geworden, deren Mantel Wasserdüsen trägt. Aus dem «Taschenbuch für den Tunnelbau •, 1979, Seite 317 ist eine Schrämmaschine bekannt geworden, bei welcher zwei Schrämköpfe zu beiden Seiten eines Schrämarmes an einem Querträger gelagert sind. Der Schrämarm ist hiebei in waagrechter und senkrechter Ebene schwenkbar. Die Schrämköpfe sind hiebei hohl ausgebildet und der mit dem Schrämarm starr verbundene Träger ragt in den Hohlraum der Schrämköpfe. Bei solchen Ausbildungen ist es weiters bereits bekannt, die letzte Getriebestufe des Schrämkopfantriebes im hohlen Schrämkopf unterzubringen, und diese letzte Getriebestufe muß in den Ölkreislauf einbezogen werden. In diesem Fall besteht die erhöhte Gefahr, daß bei einer Undichtheit in der Verbindung der Wasserführung zwischen feststehendem Teil und rotierendem Schrämkopf austretendes Wasser in den Ölkreislauf gelangt. Damit verliert das Öl einen Teil seiner Schmierfähigkeit und es ist die Gefahr einer Schädigung des Antriebsgetriebes gegeben.From FR-A-1 455734 a cutting roller for roller cutting machines has already become known, the jacket of which carries water nozzles. From the «Taschenbuch für den Tunnelbau •, 1979, page 317, a cutting machine has become known in which two cutting heads are mounted on a cross member on both sides of a cutting arm. The cutter arm can be swiveled horizontally and vertically. The cutting heads are hollow and the support, which is rigidly connected to the cutting arm, projects into the cavity of the cutting heads. With such designs, it is also known to accommodate the last gear stage of the cutter head drive in the hollow cutter head, and this last gear stage must be included in the oil circuit. In this case, there is an increased risk that in the event of a leak in the connection of the water duct between the fixed part and the rotating cutting head, water escaping into the oil circuit. This means that the oil loses part of its lubricity and there is a risk of damage to the drive gear.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich nun auf einen mit Meißeln bestückten hohl ausgebildeten Schrämkopf einer Teilschnittschrämmaschine, der an einem in den hohlen Schrämkopf ragenden Ende des Querträgers rotierbar lagerbar ist, wobei der Querträger starr mit dem in waagrechter und senkrechter Ebene schwenkbaren Schrämarm verbunden ist und der Schrämkopf Kühlwasserdüsen aufweist, welche gegen die Meißel gerichtet sind, wobei das Kühlwasser in den Schrämkopfkörper und über Kanäle in demselben zu den Kühlwasserdüsen führbar ist, und zielt darauf ab, eine wirksame Abdichtung des wasserführenden Systems auch bei hohen Wasserzuführungsdrücken, wie z. B. über 300 bar und insbesondere über 400 bar, und eine einfache Führung des Wassers zu den Düsen zu ermöglichen. Die Erfindung besteht hiebei im wesentlichen darin, daß im Schrämkopfkörper ein Verteilraum angeordnet ist, welcher mit einem am Querträger an dessen Achse starr angeordneten Wasserzuführungsrohr fluchtet, wobei das Wasserzuführungsrohr in den Verteilraum mündet und dichtend an den Verteilraum des drehbar gelagerten Schrämkopfkörpers anschließbar ist, daß im Schrämkopfkörper wenigstens ein Ringspalt vorgesehen ist, welcher sich in axialer Richtung des Schrämkopfes erstreckt, daß der oder die Ringspalt(e) über wenigstens eine Bohrung mit dem Verteilraum verbunden ist und daß in den Ringspalt Bohrungen münden, welche zu den Kühlwasserdüsen führen. Dadurch, daß die Abdichtungsstelle zwischen dem feststehenden Teil und dem rotierenden Schrämkopf in die Rotationsachse verlegt ist, wird das Abdichtungsproblem wesentlich erleichtert. Dadurch, daß sich der Ringspalt oder die Ringspalte, welche von dem im Achsbereich des Schrämkopfes angeordneten Verteilraum über Bohrungen mit Wasser versorgt werden, in axialer Richtung des Schrämkopfes erstrecken, können nun die Düsen durch ungefähr radiale Bohrungen, welche alle in den Ringspalt oder in die Ringspalte münden, mit dem wasserführenden Raum verbunden werden. Es ergibt sich dadurch eine einfache Konstruktion. Es sind im wesentlichen nur kurze Bohrungen erforderlich und es sind Verschneidungen von Bohrungen, welche dann erforderlich sind, wenn Bohrungen ums Eck geführt werden, vermieden. Damit ist ein Druckabfall in den Bohrungen auf ein Minimum verringert, während im Ringspalt oder in den Ringspalten die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit verhältnismäßig gering ist, so daß hier der Druckabfall zu vernachlässigen ist. Es kann somit der Zuführungsdruck des Wassers im wesentlichen voll auf die Düsen zur Wirkung gebracht werden und damit einer Verstopfung der Düsen entgegengewirkt werden. Die Wände des Ringspaltes oder der Ringspalte weisen bei einem Schrämkopf etwa zylindrische Form auf. Ein solcher Zylindermantel kann ohne Schwierigkeiten auch sehr hohen Drücken standhalten. Ungünstig ist die Belastung der den Ringspalt begrenzenden Stirnwände. Dies gilt insbesondere bei einer bekannten Ausführungsform, bei welcher der Schrämkopfführer aus axial aneinander anschließenden Scheiben aufgebaut ist, welche miteinander verschweißt sind. In diesem Falle werden die Schweißnähte durch die auf die Stirnwände des Ringspaltes wirkende Belastung beansprucht. Die vom Wasserdruck beaufschlagten Flächen der Stirnwände eines Ringspaltes sind aber wesentlich kleiner als die Fläche der den Ringspalt begrenzenden zylindrischen Wände, so daß der auf diese Stirnwände wirkende Gesamtdruck auch bei hohem Zuführungsdruck des Wassers noch ohne weiteres aufgenommen werden kann. Bei einer an sich bekannten Ausbildung, bei welcher der Schrämkopf aus axial aneinandergereihten Scheiben, welche miteinander verschweißt sind, aufgebaut ist, beträgt bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Größe einer den Ringspalt begrenzenden Stirnfläche nur einen Bruchteil, vorzugsweise höchstens 1/10 bis 1/20 der Größe der Umfangsfläche des Ringspaltes, wobei sich der Ringspalt über wenigstens ein Drittel der axialen Länge des Schrämkopfes erstreckt. Auf diese Weise wird eine einfache Konstruktion hoher Druckfestigkeit erzielt.The invention now relates to a hollow cutting head of a part-cut cutting machine equipped with chisels, which can be rotatably supported on an end of the cross member projecting into the hollow cutting head, the cross member being rigidly connected to the cutting arm pivotable in a horizontal and vertical plane, and the cutting head cooling water nozzles has, which are directed against the chisel, the cooling water in the cutting head body and via channels in the same can be guided to the cooling water nozzles, and aims to effectively seal the water-carrying system even at high water supply pressures, such as. B. over 300 bar and in particular over 400 bar, and to allow easy guidance of the water to the nozzles. The invention consists essentially in the fact that a distribution chamber is arranged in the cutting head body, which is aligned with a water supply pipe rigidly arranged on the cross member on its axis, the water supply pipe opening into the distribution room and sealingly connectable to the distribution room of the rotatably mounted cutting head body, that in Cutting head body is provided at least one annular gap which extends in the axial direction of the cutting head, that the annular gap (s) is connected to the distribution space via at least one bore and that bores open into the annular gap which lead to the cooling water nozzles. The fact that the sealing point between the fixed part and the rotating cutting head is moved in the axis of rotation makes the sealing problem much easier. Because the annular gap or the annular gaps, which are supplied with water from the distribution space arranged in the axial region of the cutting head via bores, extend in the axial direction of the cutting head, the nozzles can now pass through approximately radial bores, all of which are in the annular gap or in the Annular gaps open, are connected to the water-bearing space. This results in a simple construction. Essentially, only short bores are required and intersections of bores, which are necessary when drilling around the corner, are avoided. A pressure drop in the bores is thus reduced to a minimum, while in the annular gap or in the annular gaps the flow velocity is relatively low, so that the pressure drop is negligible here. The supply pressure of the water can thus be brought substantially into effect on the nozzles and thus counteracting blockage of the nozzles. The walls of the annular gap or the annular gap have an approximately cylindrical shape in a cutting head. Such a cylinder jacket can withstand very high pressures without difficulty. The load on the end walls delimiting the annular gap is unfavorable. This applies in particular to a known embodiment in which the cutting head guide is constructed from axially adjoining disks which are welded to one another. In this case, the weld seams are stressed by the load acting on the end walls of the annular gap. The areas of the end walls of an annular gap acted upon by the water pressure are, however, substantially smaller than the area of the cylindrical walls delimiting the annular gap, so that the total pressure acting on these end walls can still be readily absorbed even with high supply pressure of the water. In a configuration known per se, in which the cutting head is constructed from axially lined-up disks which are welded to one another, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the size of an end face delimiting the annular gap is only a fraction, preferably at most 1/10 to 1 / 20 the size of the circumferential surface of the annular gap, the annular gap extending over at least one third of the axial length of the cutting head. In this way, a simple construction with high compressive strength is achieved.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Schrämkopfes ermöglicht, das Kühlwasser dem Schrämkopf unter sehr hohem Druck zuzuführen und diesen hohen Druck ohne wesentliche Verluste auf die Düsen wirksam zu machen, so daß eine Verstopfung der Düsen mit Sicherheit vermieden wird. Gemäß der Erfindung wird das Kühlwasser dem Schrämkopf unter einem Druck von über 300 bar, vorzugsweise unter einem Druck von ungefähr 400 bar, zugeführt. Bei den bekannten Ausführungen war es nicht möglich, den Zuführungsdruck des Kühlwassers zum Schrämkopf über 20 bis 30 bar zu erhöhen.The inventive design of the cutting head enables the cooling water to be fed to the cutting head under very high pressure and to make this high pressure effective without significant losses to the nozzles, so that blockage of the nozzles is avoided with certainty. According to the invention, the cooling water is fed to the cutting head under a pressure of over 300 bar, preferably under a pressure of about 400 bar. In the known designs, it was not possible to increase the supply pressure of the cooling water to the cutting head above 20 to 30 bar.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann das Wasserzuführungsrohr dichtend durch eine mit dem Schrämkopf rotierende Wandung hindurchgeführt sein, welche einen vom Ölraum des Schrämkopfantriebes und von den den Schrämkopf tragenden Wälzlagern getrennten Raum begrenzt. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß bei geringfügigen Undichtheiten der Dichtstelle zwischen dem feststehenden Teil und dem rotierenden Schrämkopf austretendes Wasser nicht unmittelbar in den Ölkreislauf gelangt. Gemäß der Erfindung steht vorzugsweise dieser vom Ölraum getrennte Raum mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung, so daß auch bei größeren Undichtheiten durch austretendes Wasser in diesem vom Ölraum abgetrennten Raum kein Druck aufgebaut werden kann. Die in der mit dem Schrämkopf rotierenden Wandung angeordnete Dichtung wird nun vom Zuführungsdruck nicht beaufschlagt und gewährleistet daher eine völlige Dichtheit. Gemäß der Erfindung kann der vom Ölraum getrennte Raum mit der Atmosphäre über ein zur Atmosphäre öffnendes Rückschlagventil und/oder eine Labyrinthdichtung od. dgl. in Verbindung stehen, so daß ein Eindringen von Staub und Fremdkörpern in den vom Ölraum getrennten Raum vermieden wird.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the water supply pipe can be sealingly guided through a wall rotating with the cutting head, which delimits a space separated from the oil space of the cutting head drive and from the roller bearings that support the cutting head. This ensures that in the event of slight leaks in the sealing point between the fixed part and the rotating cutting head, water escaping does not get directly into the oil circuit. According to the invention, this space, which is separated from the oil space, is preferably in communication with the atmosphere, so that no pressure can be built up in this space, which is separated from the oil space, even in the event of major leaks due to escaping water. The seal arranged in the wall rotating with the cutting head is now not acted upon by the supply pressure and therefore ensures complete tightness. According to the invention, the space separated from the oil space can communicate with the atmosphere via a check valve opening to the atmosphere and / or a labyrinth seal or the like, so that dust and foreign bodies cannot penetrate into the space separated from the oil space.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles schematisch erläutert.In the drawing, the invention is explained schematically using an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Schrämmaschine, Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen den Schrämarm mit den Schrämköpfen in Seitenansicht und Draufsicht, Fig. 4 zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen der Schrämköpfe und den Schrämarm nach Linie IV-IV der Fig. 2 in größerem Maßstab.1 shows a cutting machine, FIGS. 2 and 3 show the cutting arm with the cutting heads in side view and top view, FIG. 4 shows a section through one of the cutting heads and the cutting arm according to line IV-IV of FIG. 2 on a larger scale.

Die Schrämmaschine 1 weist, wie Fig. 1 zeigt, einen Schrämarm 2 auf, der um eine horizontale Achse 3 von oben nach unten und um eine vertikale Achse 4 seitlich verschwenkbar ist. Zu beiden Seiten des Schrämarmes 2 ist ein Schrämkopf 6 um eine Achse 5 drehbar gelagert.As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting machine 1 has a cutting arm 2 which can be pivoted from top to bottom about a horizontal axis 3 and laterally about a vertical axis 4. On both sides of the cutting arm 2, a cutting head 6 is rotatably mounted about an axis 5.

Wie Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen, ist entlang der Oberseite des Schrämarmes 2 eine Kühlwasserleitung 7 geführt, welche durch ein U-Profil 8 abgedeckt und gegen herabfallendes Gestein geschützt ist. Diese Kühlwasserleitung ist über das Ende des Schrämarmes 2 nach vorne geführt und ist durch eine Anschlußverschraubung 9 an den Schrämarm angeschlossen. 10 ist ein Abdeckblech, welches den vorderen Teil der Kühlwasserleitung 7 schützt. Der Kühlwasserleitung 7 wird über eine nicht dargestellte Pumpe Kühlwasser unter hohem Druck zugeführt.As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a cooling water line 7 is guided along the top of the cutting arm 2, which is covered by a U-profile 8 and is protected against falling rock. This cooling water line is guided over the end of the cutting arm 2 to the front and is connected to the cutting arm by a screw connection 9. 10 is a cover plate which protects the front part of the cooling water line 7. The cooling water line 7 is supplied with cooling water under high pressure via a pump, not shown.

Mit dem Schrämarm starr verbunden ist ein Träger 11, welcher in den hohlen mit Meißeln bestückten Schrämkopfkörper 12 ragt. Der Schrämkopfkörper 12 ist aus axial aneinandergereihten Scheiben 13, 14, 15, 16 und 17 aufgebaut, welche miteinander verschweißt sind. Diese Scheiben 13 bis 17 umgeben ein zylindrisches Mittelstück 18 des Schrämkopfkörpers und dieses Mittelstück 18 ist mit der zusammengeschweißten Gruppe der Scheiben 13 bis 17 verschweißt. Diese zusammengeschweißten Einheit 13 bis 17 und 18 ist durch einen Endteil 19 abgedeckt, der mittels Schrauben 20 mit der zusammengeschweißten Einheit 13 bis 17 und 18 verschraubt ist. Mit diesem Endteil 19 ist wieder ein Ring 21 und eine Platte 22 verschweißt. In die Platte 22 ist ein zentraler Ringteil 23 eingeschweißt, mit welchen ein zentraler Einsatz 24 verschraubt ist.A carrier 11, which projects rigidly into the hollow cutter body 12 equipped with chisels, is rigidly connected to the cutter arm. The cutting head body 12 is constructed from axially lined-up disks 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, which are welded together. These disks 13 to 17 surround a cylindrical middle piece 18 of the cutter body and this middle piece 18 is welded to the welded group of disks 13 to 17. This welded unit 13 to 17 and 18 is covered by an end part 19 which is screwed by means of screws 20 to the welded unit 13 to 17 and 18. A ring 21 and a plate 22 are welded to this end part 19 again. A central ring part 23, with which a central insert 24 is screwed, is welded into the plate 22.

Das Kühlwasser wird von der Verschraubung 9 aus über eine Bohrung 25 am Schrämarm 2 und Bohrungen 26 und 27 in dem mit dem Schrämarm starr verbundenen Träger 11 zu einem zentralen Hohlraum 28 in diesem Träger 11 geführt. An den Hohlraum 28 ist ein mit dem Träger 11 starr verbundenes Rohr 29 angeschlossen, welches in der Achse des Schrämkopfes 6 liegt. Dieses Rohr 29 mündet in einen Verteilraum 30, welcher innerhalb des Einsatzes 24 liegt. Durch eine Dichtung 31 ist das Ende dieses Rohres 29 in dem Einsatz 24 dichtend geführt. Der Einsatz 24 rotiert somit mit dem Schrämkopf um das feststehende Rohr 29. Da jedoch dieses Rohr in der Achse des Schrämkopfes 6 angeordnet ist, ist eine einwandfreie Abdichtung durch die Dichtung 31 möglich.The cooling water is guided from the screw connection 9 via a bore 25 on the cutting arm 2 and bores 26 and 27 in the support 11 rigidly connected to the cutting arm to a central cavity 28 in this support 11. A tube 29, which is rigidly connected to the carrier 11 and which lies in the axis of the cutting head 6, is connected to the cavity 28. This tube 29 opens into a distribution space 30, which lies within the insert 24. The end of this tube 29 is sealingly guided in the insert 24 by a seal 31. The insert 24 thus rotates with the cutting head around the fixed tube 29. However, since this tube is arranged in the axis of the cutting head 6, a perfect seal by the seal 31 is possible.

An dem mit dem Schrämarm 2 starr verbundenen Träger 11 ist der Schrämkopfkörper unter Vermittlung von Wälzlagern 32, 33 und 34 gelagert. Der äußere Lagersitz 35 des Wälzlagers 34 ist mit dem Schrämkopfkörper starr verbunden, beispielsweise verschraubt, und durch einen Deckel 36 abgeschlossen. Zwischen dem Deckel 36 und der Platte 22 ist eine Hohlraum 37 gebildet. Innerhalb des Trägers 11 ist noch ein nicht dargestelltes Umlaufrädergetriebe angeordnet, welches die letzte Übersetzungsstufe bildet. Dieses Umlaufgetriebe und auch die Wälzlager 32, 33 und 34 laufen in einem Ölbad, welches an den Ölkreislauf des Getriebes angeschlossen ist. Der Raum 37 ist durch den Deckel 36 dicht gegenüber diesem Ölraum abgeschlossen. 38 deutet eine Überlastrutschkupplung an, über welche der aus den Teilen 13 bis 22 bestehende Schrämkopfkörper mit einer Nabe 39 verbunden ist, welche mittels der Wälzlager 32, 33 und 34 am Träger 11 gelagert ist.The cutter head body is mounted on the carrier 11 rigidly connected to the cutter arm 2 by means of roller bearings 32, 33 and 34. The outer bearing seat 35 of the roller bearing 34 is rigidly connected to the cutting head body, for example screwed, and closed by a cover 36. A cavity 37 is formed between the cover 36 and the plate 22. A non-illustrated epicyclic gear, which forms the last transmission stage, is also arranged within the carrier 11. This epicyclic gear and also the roller bearings 32, 33 and 34 run in an oil bath which is connected to the oil circuit of the gear. The space 37 is sealed off from the oil space by the cover 36. 38 indicates an overload slip clutch, via which the cutting head body consisting of parts 13 to 22 is connected to a hub 39, which is mounted on the carrier 11 by means of the roller bearings 32, 33 and 34.

Das zentrale mit dem Träger starr verbundene Rohr 29 ist auch im Deckel 36 durch eine Dichtung 40 dichtend geführt. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß gegebenenfalls durch die Dichtung 31 hindurchtretendes Wasser nicht in den Ölkreislauf, sondern nur in den Raum 37 gelangen kann, so daß ein Eintritt von Wasser in den Ölkreislauf vermieden ist. Dieser Raum 37 ist durch eine Öffnung 41 mit der Atmosphäre verbunden, so daß sich in dem Raum 37 ein Druck nicht aufbauen kann. In diese Öffnung 41 kann ein nicht dargestelltes, nach außen öffnendes Rückschlagventil und/oder eine Labyrinthdichtung eingebaut sein, so daß ein Eindringen von Schmutz in den Raum 37 vermieden ist.The central tube 29 rigidly connected to the carrier is also sealingly guided in the cover 36 by a seal 40. It is thereby achieved that, if necessary, water passing through the seal 31 cannot get into the oil circuit, but only into the space 37, so that entry of water into the oil circuit is avoided. This space 37 is connected to the atmosphere through an opening 41, so that a pressure cannot build up in the space 37. A check valve (not shown) and / or a labyrinth seal (not shown) can be installed in this opening 41, so that penetration of dirt into the space 37 is avoided.

Über eine Bohrung 42 gelangt das Kühlwasser in einen Ringspalt 43 und über weitere Bohrungen 44 und 45 in einen Ringspalt 46. Diese beiden Ringspalte 43 und 46 erstrecken sich im wesentlichen über die axiale Länge des Schrämkopfkörpers. Die nicht dargestellten Kühlwasserdüsen befinden sich am Umfang des Schrämkopfkörpers und jede vom Umfang ausgehende radiale Bohrung muß somit in einen der Ringspalte 43 oder 46 treffen. In der Zeichnung sind solche radiale Bohrungen 47 und 48 dargestellt. Die zu den übrigen Düsen führenden Bohrungen liegen nicht in der Schnittebene. Von diesen Ringspalten 43 und 46 ist somit eine Wasserversorgung aller Düsen möglich. Der Ringspalt 46 liegt zwischen dem Mittelstück 18 und der Gruppe von zusammengeschweißten Scheiben 13 bis 17. Der Ringspalt 43 liegt zwischen dem Endteil 19 und dem Ring 21. Diese Ringspalte können daher leicht vor dem Zusammenschweißen der Teile ausgespart werden. Da der Zuführungsdruck sehr hoch gewählt ist und beispielsweise 400 bar beträgt, ist die Belastung der die zylindrischen Ringspalte 43 und 46 begrenzenden Wände beträchtlich. Die zylindrischen Wände der Ringspalte 43 und 46 weisen eine große Fläche auf. Diese Flächenbelastungen können aber ohne weiteres durch die den Ringspalt 46 begrenzenden Scheiben 13 bis 17 und das Mittelstück.18 aufgenommen werden. Die auf die Stirnenden 49 und 50 des Ringspaltes 46 wirkenden Belastungen beanspruchen aber die Schweißverbindungen zwischen den Scheiben 13 bis 17. Dadurch aber, daß die Spaltbreite des Ringspaltes sehr klein gehalten ist, sind diese Belastungen auch bei sehr hohem Zuführungsdruck des Kühlwassers nur gering und daher ungefährlich.The cooling water passes through a bore 42 into an annular gap 43 and through further bores 44 and 45 into an annular gap 46. These two annular gaps 43 and 46 extend essentially over the axial length of the cutting head body. The cooling water nozzles, not shown, are located on the circumference of the cutting head body and each radial bore starting from the circumference must therefore meet in one of the annular gaps 43 or 46. Such radial bores 47 and 48 are shown in the drawing. The holes leading to the other nozzles are not in the cutting plane. A water supply to all nozzles is thus possible from these annular gaps 43 and 46. The annular gap 46 lies between the middle piece 18 and the group of disks 13 to 17 welded together. The annular gap 43 lies between the end part 19 and the ring 21. These annular gaps can therefore easily be left out before the parts are welded together. Since the supply pressure is chosen to be very high and is, for example, 400 bar, the load on the walls delimiting the cylindrical annular gaps 43 and 46 is considerable. The cylindrical walls of the annular gaps 43 and 46 have a large area. However, these surface loads can easily be absorbed by the disks 13 to 17 delimiting the annular gap 46 and the central piece 18. The loads acting on the ends 49 and 50 of the annular gap 46, however, stress the welded connections between the disks 13 to 17. However, because the gap width of the annular gap is kept very small, these loads are only slight even at very high supply pressure of the cooling water and therefore harmless.

In Fig. 1 ist darüberhinaus der Antrieb des Schrämkopfes schematisch dargestellt. Hiebei ist mit 51 das verzahnte Abtriebswellenende bezeichnet, dessen Verzahnung mit im Träger 11 an Achsen 52 gelagerten Zwischenrädern 53 kämmt. Diese Zwischenräder stehen wieder mit einer Innenverzahnung 54 eines als Hohlrad ausgebildeten Teiles des drehbar gelagerten Schrämkopfes 6 in Eingriff.In Fig. 1, the drive of the cutting head is also shown schematically. Hiebei is designated by 51 the toothed output shaft end, the teeth of which meshes with intermediate wheels 53 mounted on axles 52 in the carrier 11. These intermediate wheels are again in engagement with an internal toothing 54 of a part of the rotatably mounted cutting head 6 which is designed as a ring gear.

Claims (7)

1. A hollow cutting head (6) of a dividing cutting machine, being provided with bits and adapted to be rotatably supported on a carrier (11) protruding into the hollow cutting head, the carrier (11) being rigidly connected to the cutting arm (2) which can be swivelled in a horizontal and in a vertical plane, the cutting head (6) having nozzles for discharging cooling water, said nozzles being directed against the bits, whereat the cooling water can be supplied to the cooling water nozzles via the cutting head body (12) and passages (42-47) provided therein, characterized in that within the cutting head body (12) a distributing chamber (30) is provided being aligned with a water supply tube (29) rigidly arranged at the carrier (11) and coaxially therein, said water supply tube (29) opening into the distributing chamber (30) and being sealingly connectable to the distributing chamber (30) of the rotatably supported cutting head body (12), that within the cutting head body (12) there is at least one annular gap (46, 43) extending in the axial direction of the cutting head, that the annular gap(s) (46, 43) communicate(s) with the distributing chamber (30) via at least one passage (42), and that passages (47, 48), which lead to the cooling water nozzles, open into the annular gap (46, 43).
2. Cutting head as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least the annular gap (46) extends at least one third, preferably one half, of the axial length of the cutting head body (12).
3. Cutting head as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting head body (12), as known per se, includes an assembly of axially superimposed discs (13, 14, 15, 16, 17) welded together, and the area of one end face (49, 59) terminating the annular gap is only a fraction, preferably at maximum 1/10 to 1/20, of the circumferential surface area of the annular gap (46, 43).
4. Cutting head as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the water supply tube (29) is sealingly led through a lid (36) rotating with the cutting head (6), said lid (36) terminating a cavity (37) separated from the oil chamber of the cutting head drive means and from the anti-friction bearings (32, 33, 34) supporting the cutting head (6).
5. Cutting head as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the cavity (37) separated from the oil chamber is in connection with the atmosphere.
6. Cutting head as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the cavity (37) separated from the oil chamber is in connection with the atmosphere via a check valve opening to the atmosphere and/or a labyrinth seal or the like.
7. A method of operating a cutting head as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cooling water is supplied to the cutting head at a pressure of more than 300 bar, preferably at a pressure of about 400 bar.
EP80890010A 1979-02-09 1980-01-18 Cutter head with water nozzles and process for operating this head Expired EP0014695B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT998/79 1979-02-09
AT99879A AT359453B (en) 1979-02-09 1979-02-09 SCREW HEAD

Publications (2)

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EP0014695A1 EP0014695A1 (en) 1980-08-20
EP0014695B1 true EP0014695B1 (en) 1983-05-11

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EP80890010A Expired EP0014695B1 (en) 1979-02-09 1980-01-18 Cutter head with water nozzles and process for operating this head

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US (1) US4289357A (en)
EP (1) EP0014695B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6027359B2 (en)
AR (1) AR223696A1 (en)
AT (1) AT359453B (en)
AU (1) AU535581B2 (en)
BG (1) BG39298A3 (en)
BR (1) BR8000808A (en)
CA (1) CA1124754A (en)
CS (1) CS256351B2 (en)
DD (1) DD149101A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3062997D1 (en)
HU (1) HU182088B (en)
IN (1) IN153640B (en)
PL (1) PL122621B1 (en)
RO (1) RO86913B1 (en)
SU (1) SU1187728A3 (en)
YU (1) YU33180A (en)
ZA (1) ZA8036B (en)

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AT375151B (en) * 1982-09-03 1984-07-10 Voest Alpine Ag SCREW HEAD FOR TRACK DRIVING MACHINES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
NZ207681A (en) * 1983-04-11 1986-03-14 Voest Alpine Ag Vibrating tooth cutter for rock
AT378036B (en) * 1983-04-11 1985-06-10 Voest Alpine Ag METHOD FOR SPRAYING THE CHISELS AND / OR LOCAL CHEST WITH PRESSURE LIQUID AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8000808A (en) 1980-10-14
AU5535380A (en) 1980-08-14
AT359453B (en) 1980-11-10
SU1187728A3 (en) 1985-10-23
AR223696A1 (en) 1981-09-15
JPS55111598A (en) 1980-08-28
US4289357A (en) 1981-09-15
DE3062997D1 (en) 1983-06-16
RO86913B1 (en) 1985-06-30
DD149101A5 (en) 1981-06-24
JPS6027359B2 (en) 1985-06-28
YU33180A (en) 1983-04-30
EP0014695A1 (en) 1980-08-20
ZA8036B (en) 1980-12-31
HU182088B (en) 1983-12-28
CS256351B2 (en) 1988-04-15
ATA99879A (en) 1980-04-15
IN153640B (en) 1984-08-04
RO86913A2 (en) 1985-06-29
AU535581B2 (en) 1984-03-29
BG39298A3 (en) 1986-05-15
PL221913A1 (en) 1980-11-03
CA1124754A (en) 1982-06-01
PL122621B1 (en) 1982-08-31

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