EP0231225A1 - Chauffage solaire pour batiments - Google Patents

Chauffage solaire pour batiments

Info

Publication number
EP0231225A1
EP0231225A1 EP86904107A EP86904107A EP0231225A1 EP 0231225 A1 EP0231225 A1 EP 0231225A1 EP 86904107 A EP86904107 A EP 86904107A EP 86904107 A EP86904107 A EP 86904107A EP 0231225 A1 EP0231225 A1 EP 0231225A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
solar
radiation
cover layer
ribs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86904107A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hartmut Lohmeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19853526858 external-priority patent/DE3526858A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19853529931 external-priority patent/DE3529931A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0231225A1 publication Critical patent/EP0231225A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/80—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/83—Other shapes
    • F24S2023/834—Other shapes trough-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • F24S2023/872—Assemblies of spaced reflective elements on common support, e.g. Fresnel reflectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar heating system for buildings with heat-storing building materials arranged inside the building and an outer skin which is permeable to radiation and which is provided with an outer cover layer made of translucent material and horizontally extending funnel-shaped radiation concentrators with reflective top and bottom sides.
  • Such solar heaters are known. They consist, for example, of glazed light inlets with heat-storing construction materials arranged behind them in such a way that an air flow can wash them around, which then take over the heat transport into rooms to be heated.
  • the heat-storing building materials naturally also cause heating by radiation of the heat they absorb.
  • This principle of solar heating results in a significantly different heating of the rooms depending on the season, because in summer, in contrast to the reduced heat demand in this season, significant amounts of heat are absorbed, while in winter there is only a small amount of radiation available when there is an increased demand for heat, whereby it is also noticeable that, especially at night, there is a considerable loss of heat due to radiation from the heat-storing building materials, which runs out through the glazing.
  • the well-known solar Heaters of the type described at the outset are problematic in two respects, they cannot compensate for the very different seasonal heat radiation, and they are also subject to severe losses due to the amount of heat radiated again.
  • a solar heating system equipped with the selective layers mentioned which ensures sufficient heating of the interior of the building with relatively low solar radiation, e.g. is switched off in winter, is therefore not able to adapt itself to the reduced heat demand during this time in the case of much stronger solar radiation in summer.
  • a solar heating system for concentrating as much incident sunlight as possible is described in European patent 0 029 442.
  • rectilinear radiation concentrators with reflecting top and bottom sides are used, the top of which is parabolic.
  • the radiation concentrators have an opening angle which is undesirable per se
  • the invention has for its object to provide a solar heater for buildings of the type mentioned, which automatically adapts to the respective solar radiation by taking into account the given heat demand, whereby in addition heat radiation from the heat-storing building masses to the outside should be largely avoided.
  • the solar heating is to be designed in such a way that it can be produced inexpensively over a large area with a simple structural design.
  • This object is achieved by a one-piece and solidly designed plate-shaped part with spaced, essentially horizontally extending, tapering ribs, which are integrally connected to one another by vertical solid connections extending over all ribs of a plate-shaped part such that the interaction between form the radiation concentrators with the ribs and the spaces with narrow light outlets compared to their light inlets.
  • the plate-like design of the outer skin with the essentially horizontal ribs and intermediate clearing according to the design described leads to the fact that the radiation concentrators formed by the ribs and gaps only absorb solar radiation, which differs depending on the latitude of the location in question and can vary, for example, between zero and about 30 ° angle of incidence.
  • This area could be representative of a location near Hamburg, for example.
  • Sunshine, especially in summer, which occurs at relatively large angles of incidence, is shielded due to the selective effect of the radiation concentrators, i.e. the sunlight is used in such a way that the solar radiation that occurs in winter at a relatively small angle of incidence is fully exploited, while that for space heating strong sunshine that is not required in summer is shielded.
  • the selective and reflecting radiation concentrators also cause a reflection of the solar radiation incident at too large an angle to the outside, so that this effect additionally improves the automatic adaptation of the amount of heat made available to the respective heat requirement.
  • the special design of the radiation concentrators which due to their tapering have an opening that is more outward than their narrow light outlets, means that the radiation from the heat-storing building mass remains almost fully usable, since it is mirrored between the light outlets due to the mirroring towards the interior of the building is caught and reflected back inside. This retroreflection remains essentially full with regard to its heat effect hold without the solar radiation, apart from the desired selection with regard to the angles of incidence, being damped due to the relatively wide, outwardly directed openings of the radiation concentrators.
  • the gaps or the ribs are designed so that they taper towards the outside and are mirrored on all sides.
  • the ribs are made of transparent material, while the empty spaces taper towards the outside, so that the ribs receiving the light radiation guide this light radiation through total reflection to the light outlets, the spaces between the light outlets being mirrored at a distance from the cover layer Last are used.
  • the mirroring of the ribs ensures that light incident in the intermediate spaces is reflected in the direction of the light outlets.
  • the cavities are left empty, they are given a gas, in particular air, filling which may be under vacuum.
  • a gas in particular air, filling which may be under vacuum.
  • the vertical, solid connections required for one-piece production can be done on the one hand by form the outer cover layer or by mirrored crosspieces that run transversely to the horizontal extension of the ribs.
  • the solar heater expediently also contains an inner cover layer, which can be formed from translucent or opaque material with the property of absorbing the sun's radiation. In the latter case, incident radiation is already absorbed by the inner cover layer and converted into heat radiation emitted to the interior of the building.
  • the inner cover layer can also form the vertical, solid connection.
  • the inner cover layer made of opaque material can be designed differently.
  • the inner cover layer can act as a heat radiator directed into the interior of the building. In this case the inner surface layer is separated from the building mass. But it is also possible to connect the inner surface layer to the building mass. In this case, the inner cover layer penetrates into the building mass with projections, via which heat is given off to the building mass. It is also possible to provide the inner cover layer with channels which are filled with a heat-storing or transporting medium. In the latter embodiment, it is also possible to separate the inner cover layer from the building mass or to connect it to the building mass.
  • the inner cover layer can expediently be formed in one piece with the ribs, the inner cover layer simultaneously serving as a connection.
  • so-called latent storage with a melting point adapted to the room temperature is accommodated in the heat-storing construction materials.
  • Latent storage for the purposes of space heating are known. With these storage systems, the effect of the particularly large heat storage or heat emission during the transition from the solidified to the one is used liquid state or vice versa, the temperature of the storage medium in question remaining approximately constant. Paraffins and salt hydrates, for example, are used as the storage medium.
  • the solar heating system according to the invention can also advantageously be used to perform additional heating tasks, for which purpose heat exchangers through which a heat-transporting medium flows are enclosed in the heat-storing construction materials.
  • the heat exchanger used is advantageously a tube through which water flows and which is inserted into the heat-storing structural masses, if appropriate together with the latent storage means mentioned above.
  • the solar heating according to the invention is to be dimensioned such that part of the heat obtained in it can be branched off to the heat exchangers without the heat fraction required for heating the room becoming too small.
  • the heat exchangers could then be used, for example, in a known manner for hot water preparation or heating of remote rooms.
  • the installation of the latent storage in the heat-storing building mass still has the advantage that no heat losses can occur on the way to the latent storage or away from the latent storage, since the building masses are in direct contact with the space to be heated.
  • such latent storage is housed far away from known solar collectors, for example in the basement, but this has the disadvantageous effect that a lot of heat is lost on the heat transport path from the solar collector to the latent storage and vice versa from the latent storage to the point of use.
  • a heated latent storage unit itself acts as a radiation source, so that if it is accommodated, for example, in the boar, it itself experiences losses as a result of this thermal radiation. If the latent storage is accommodated in the heat-storing building materials, this disadvantageous effect is eliminated, since, as stated, the heat-storing building materials are in direct contact with the rooms to be heated.
  • the solar heater according to the invention also has the advantage that it can be dispensed with any moving parts; it also does not require any control or maintenance and is independent of the power grid, since it regulates itself automatically with regard to its angle of incidence and the effect of the latent storage due to the effect of the selection of the incident light. Finally, the amount of heat captured remains fully usable because, on the one hand, unwanted retroreflection by the mirroring between the light outlets is avoided and, on the other hand, the amount of heat captured remains inside the building and cannot flow through any heat-transporting media into distant, unheated rooms. The heat losses which are unavoidable in known solar heaters due to heat-transporting media lead to the efficiency of this solar heater tongues is reduced accordingly.
  • the known solar heaters only become effective when there is considerable radiation intensity.
  • the solar heater according to the invention manages with lower radiation densities, which is particularly important in winter, since in this period the irradiation can consist of up to 80% diffuse radiation, of which a considerable proportion can still be used by the solar heater according to the invention.
  • the design of the outer skin according to the invention which on the one hand is practically completely transparent to the selected irradiation but largely reflects retroreflection, results in a strong thermal insulation effect. It is therefore possible and advantageous to provide the outer surface of a building with this outer skin as far as possible and thus to use practically the whole of the building as a solar heater. Compared to known solar heating systems, this makes many times the area usable for utilizing the solar radiation.
  • 1 is an outer skin in section, in which the radiation concentrators consist of transparent material
  • Fig. 2a an outer hat in section, in which the
  • Radiation concentrators are formed by empty spaces between the ribs, 2b the outer skin of FIG. 2 in an isometric view,
  • Fig. 4 shows an outer skin for a slightly sloping roof slope, the structure of which corresponds to that of Figs. 3a and 3b.
  • Fig. 5 shows a section of a part of a building, which is provided with the outer skin.
  • Fig. 9 shows an outer skin in section with an opaque inner cover layer and protrusions penetrating into the building mass.
  • the outer skin shown in Fig. 1 consists of the ribs 1, which may be made of plastic in particular, they are mirrored on all sides, so that light impinging on them is reflected. Any light transmission properties of the ribs 1 therefore occur not at.
  • the spaces 2 between the ribs 1 form the radiation concentrators here. They are completely filled with transparent material, especially a transparent plastic.
  • the gaps 2 forming the radiation concentrators taper from their light inlets 3 to light outlets 4, which are considerably narrower than the light inlets 3.
  • the outer skin shown is provided with the outer cover layer 6, which extends from the outer surface 7 to the area of the end faces 8 of the ribs 1.
  • the transparent material filling the spaces 2 merges into the outer cover layer 6, so that the outer cover layer 6 and the radiation concentrators formed by the spaces 2 are formed in one piece.
  • the empty spaces 9 Between the ribs 1 and the inner cover layer 5 there are the empty spaces 9; provided that counteract a transition of contact heat.
  • the empty spaces 9 or spaces 17, 25 as cavities can be evacuated so that convection heat cannot spread through them. This gives the effect of a thermos bottle, so to speak.
  • the outer skin shown in FIG. 1 is attached to the vertical wall of a building, this means that the beam 11 is incident at an angle of 30 to the horizontal.
  • the outer skin according to Fig. 1 which is designed for vertical installation, is able to absorb incident light in an angle of incidence range of a little more than 0 ° up to about 30, which means that in the case of a building with a northern location Width, which corresponds approximately to the width of Hamburg, an optimal selection of the irradiation observed over the whole year is achieved. In the case of a location in Munich, there would be an angular range of a little more than 0 ° up to about 20 ° angle of incidence.
  • the light inlet 3 is substantially larger than the light outlet 4, so that incident light is practically completely fed to the light outlets 4 via the radiation concentrators formed by the gaps 2.
  • the rear sides 16 are mirrored. This has no influence on the introduction of the radiation into the interior of the building, since, as said, this radiation is supplied to the interior of the building in bundles via the light outlets 4.
  • FIG. 2a shows a modification of the construction according to FIG. 1, the gaps 17 again forming the radiation concentrators, but being left empty.
  • the ribs 18 here consist of solid material, for example plastic, and are mirrored on all sides.
  • the outer cover layer 19 is designed as a separate, translucent material plate which e.g. out. Glass or plastic.
  • the inner cover layer 5 corresponds to that according to FIG. 1.
  • the ribs 18 are supported on the one hand with their end faces 8 against the outer cover layer 19 and on the other hand with the projections 20 against the inner cover layer 5.
  • the light outlets 21 here consist of openings between the rear sides 16 of the ribs 18.
  • FIG. 2a the construction according to Fig. 2a acts in the same way as that according to Fig. 1, so that in this regard on the Explanations to Fig. 1 can be referenced.
  • the light beam 22 is also drawn in, which is incident at an angle that is too steep to still be directed to the relevant light outlet 21. As can be seen, it is reflected back outwards, with which the outer skin shown in FIG. 2a fulfills its selection function.
  • FIG. 2b The construction of an outer skin according to FIG. 2a is shown in FIG. 2b in an isometric representation, the inner cover layer being omitted for the sake of clarity of the representation.
  • the ribs 18 are held together via the transverse webs 23, which extend over all the ribs 18, which results in an injection molded part consisting of the transverse webs 23 and the ribs 18 with the projections 20. Overall, this results in a plate corresponding to the size of the mold.
  • the ribs 18 are then mirrored, which also automatically includes a mirroring of the transverse webs 23, whereupon the outer cover layer 19 shown in FIG. 2b and the inner cover layer, not shown, are applied, with which the layer shown in FIG. 2a completely present in cross section outer skin.
  • the outer skin shown in FIG. 3a is one in which the ribs 24 form the radiation concentrators, the gaps being left empty.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3a thus represents a reversal of that according to FIG. 2a.
  • the outer cover layer 6 is here, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, integral with the radiation con centering ribs 24 united.
  • the mirrored strips 26 are inserted in the spaces between the light outlets 4, through which the effect of the rear sides 16 according to the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2a is achieved.
  • Fig. 3 (corresponding to the beams 10 and 11 according to FIG. 1) are reflected here by the parabolic surfaces of the ribs 24 by total reflection and, depending on the angle of incidence, are then also directed to the light outlets 4.
  • Fig. 3a the light beam 27 is still drawn, which is initially totally reflected because of its angle of incidence on the parabolic surfaces of the rib 24 in question, but then penetrates the surface due to the limit angle being exceeded with refraction. It is a light beam whose angle of incidence exceeds the desired angular range, so that the light beam 27 does not reach the light outlet 4, which means that the in
  • Fig. 3a outer skin fulfills its selection function. This causes the thermos bottle effect already mentioned, insofar as the supply of heat from outside is metered in the desired manner.
  • FIG. 3b shows the outer skin according to FIG. 3a in an isometric illustration, the inner cover layer 5 and the strips 26 being omitted for reasons of clarity in FIG. 3b.
  • This embodiment can e.g. Manufacture in one piece by multi-stage extrusion.
  • Fig. 4 shows an outer skin shown in section, the construction of which corresponds in principle to that of Fig. 3a.
  • the outer skin shown in FIG. 4 forms a roof slope running at an angle of approximately 20 °. It is ge is suitable for picking up beams between angles of incidence from 0 ° to approx. 20 °, which would be appropriate for a location in Kunststoff.
  • the two beams 28 and 29 shown in FIG. 4 correspond to the beams 10 and 11 according to FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross section through a part of the building, consisting of the foundation 30, the vertical outer wall 31, the false ceiling 32 and the roof 33.
  • the outer wall 31 and the roof 33 are covered by the outer skin 34 and 35, respectively the direction of the radiation concentrators in question extends accordingly, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the radiation penetrating the outer skin 34 heats the heat-storing building mass arranged directly behind the outer skin 34, namely the outer wall 31, while the outer skin 35 heats the roof 33 arranged directly behind it.
  • the heat-storing construction materials it is also possible to arrange the heat-storing construction materials at a distance from the outer skin. In the example shown in FIG. 5, rays penetrating the outer skin 35 would then hit the false ceiling 32 and the parapet 36 and heat them up.
  • the training here is practically the same as that of a greenhouse. In this way, the interior of the building receives its required heating, which is regulated accordingly over the year due to the selection function of the radiation concentrators contained in the outer skin.
  • latent storage 37 are installed in the outer wall 31 as well as the false ceiling 32 and the parapet 36, which act in the manner described above. They are set to a normal room temperature, ie they change their state of aggregation when heat is absorbed or emitted, without significantly changing their temperature.
  • the heat exchanger 38 are additionally installed, which may consist of water pipes.
  • the heat exchangers are also heated by heating the outer wall of the building and transport the heat supplied to them to any remote rooms or areas.
  • latent storage 37 and the heat exchanger 38 can alternatively be provided.
  • the structure of the outer skin shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to that of FIG. 3a
  • the outer skin contains the ribs 24 which form the radiation concentrators and which consist of transparent material, in particular a transparent plastic.
  • the spaces 25 are left empty.
  • the outer cover layer 6 is integrated in one piece with the ribs 24. Beams of light that fall through the cover layer 6 are reflected by the parabolic surfaces of the ribs 24 by total reflection, and then, depending on the angle of incidence, are also directed to the light outlets 4 (see FIG. 2). 6 shows the light beam 27, which is initially totally reflected due to its angle of incidence on the parabolic surfaces of the rib 24 in question, but then the surface is refracted because the limit angle is exceeded 1 enforced. It is a light beam, the angle of incidence of which exceeds the desired angular range, so that the light beam 27 does not reach the light outlet 4, but is reflected back outwards, with which
  • the inner cover layer 5 here consists of a plate, e.g. made of radiation-absorbing metal, from which heat radiation is passed on to the interior of the building. To go from the inner cover layer 5 to the outside
  • the mirrored strips 26 are used in the intervals between the light outlets 4, which reflect such heat radiation back onto the inner cover layer 5. It should also be noted that the function of the in Fig. 6
  • the outer skin 34 shown in FIG. 7 is a structure made up of ribs 1 and interspaces 2, the interspaces 2.
  • the gaps 2 are completely filled with transparent material, in particular a transparent plastic.
  • the gaps 2 forming the radiation concentrators taper from their light inlets 3 to the light outlets 4 which are opposite the
  • the inner cover layer 39 which consists of an opaque plate made of radiation-absorbing material, e.g. made of metal, the plate engaging with protrusions 40 in the building mass 31,
  • the outer skin 34 is provided with the outer cover layer 6, which extends from the outer surface 7 to the region of the end faces 8 of the ribs 1.
  • the transparent material filling the spaces 2 merges into the outer cover layer 6, so that the outer cover layer 6 and those formed by the spaces 2. Radiation concentrators are formed in one piece. Between the ribs 1 and the inner cover layer 39, the empty spaces 9 are provided, which counteract a transition of contact heat. The empty spaces 9 or spaces 25 (Fig.6.) As Cavities can be evacuated so that convection heat cannot spread through them.
  • FIG. 7 shows both a light radiation 10 incident perpendicularly on the cover layer 6 and a radiation 11 incident at an angle of 30. Both radiations 10 and 11 are guided from the spaces 2 forming the radiation concentrators to the light outlets 4, the individual beams being reflected by the mirrored surfaces 12 and 13 of the ribs 1, respectively.
  • the two surfaces 12 and 13 of two adjacent ribs 1 each form a parabola half, the focal point of the parabolic surface 12 being the point 14 and the focal point of the parabolic surface 13 the point 15.
  • This configuration of the radiation concentrators formed by the intermediate spaces 2 results in an angular range for incident light which is directed or reflected to the light outlets 4, as is the case through the beam 10 and 11, wherein it should be noted that the angle of incidence of the beam 10 represents a limit value at which a substantial part of the incident light just does not lead to the light outlet 4. A slight deviation of the angle of incidence in the direction of the angle of incidence of the beam 11 then leads, however, to the light beams in question being reflected to the light outlet 4.
  • the rear sides 16 of the ribs 1 are mirrored, as a result of which heat radiation directed outwards is reflected back by the inner cover layer 39.
  • the heating of the inner cover layer 39 caused by absorption of the incident radiation communicates itself to the projections 40, so that the heating of the inner cover layer 39 is intensively passed on to the building mass 31 due to the increase in surface area caused by the projections 40.
  • FIG. 8 shows a modification of the construction according to FIG. 7, the gaps 17 again forming the radiation concentrators, but being left empty.
  • the ribs 18 here consist of solid material, for example of plastic, and are mirrored on all sides.
  • the outer cover layer 19 is designed as a separate, translucent material plate, which consists, for example, of glass or plastic.
  • the inner one Cover layer 41 corresponds to that according to FIG. 6, but contains channels 42 which are filled with a heat-storing or transporting medium, for example water. If the channels 42 are connected to the interior of a building, then the channels 42 can also contain air, via which air circulation can then be brought about.
  • the channels 42 should run essentially in the vertical direction.
  • the ribs 18 are supported on the one hand with their end faces 8 against the outer cover layer 19 and on the other hand with their projections 20 against the inner cover layer 41.
  • the light outlets 21 here consist of openings between the rear sides 16 of the ribs 18.
  • the light beam 22 is also drawn in, which is incident at an angle that is too steep to still be passed to the relevant interspace 21. As can be seen, it is reflected back to the outside, with which the outer skin shown in FIG. 3 fulfills its selection function.
  • FIG. 8 acts in the same way as that according to FIG. 7, so that reference can be made to the explanations relating to FIG. 7 in this regard. For the rest, reference is also made to the explanation of FIG. 2a ' .
  • the inner cover layer 5, 39, 41 shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 is interchangeable in the sense that the respective inner cover layer is used in another construction of the outer skin according to FIGS. 6 to 8 can.
  • the inner cover layer 5 can be used in the frame of the outer skin 3.
  • the outer skin shown in FIG. 9 consists of the outer, translucent cover layer 19, the ribs 18 and the inner cover layer 43 integrally connected to the ribs 18, the outer cover layer and the ribs 18 being formed from opaque material.
  • the inner cover layer 43 merges into projections 40, as a result of which the heating of the inner cover layer 43 due to the increase in surface area caused by the projections 40 is passed on intensively to the building mass 31.
  • the gaps 17 here form the radiation concentrators, which are left empty here.
  • the two surfaces 12 and 13 of the ribs 18 are mirrored up to the light outlets 4.
  • the space 44 behind the light outlets 4 in the direction of the building mass 31 is not mirrored and therefore has an absorbing effect on light emerging through the light outlets 4.
  • a material must be used for the ribs 18, the inner cover layer 43 and the projections 40 which is sufficiently temperature-resistant and thermally conductive.
  • the absorption capacity of a surface is equal to its emission capacity. For this reason, a mirrored surface of the ribs cannot emit heat rays. In principle, the outward mirroring has the same effect as the inward mirroring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Chauffage solaire pour bâtiments avec des matériaux de construction qui emmagasinent la chaleur, et disposés à l'intérieur des bâtiments, ainsi qu'un bardage extérieur (34, 35) permettant le passage du rayonnement solaire, muni d'une couche externe de couverture (6, 19) en matière perméable à la lumière et de concentrateurs de rayonnement horizontaux en forme d'entonnoir possédant des côtés supérieurs et inférieurs réfléchissants. Construction en forme de composants monolithiques et de plaques massives possédant dee nervures coniques (1, 18, 24) séparées par des espaces intermédiaires (2, 17, 25) et s'étendant essentiellement horizontalement. Les nervures (1, 18, 24), grâce à des connexions verticales massives (6, 23), sont reliées ensemble pour former une seule pièce, de sorte qu'ils forment, par l'interaction entre les nervures (1, 18, 24) et les espaces intermédiaires (2, 17, 25), des concentrateurs de rayonnement dont les sorties de lumière (4, 21) sont étroites par rapport aux entrées de lumière (3).
EP86904107A 1985-07-26 1986-07-21 Chauffage solaire pour batiments Withdrawn EP0231225A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853526858 DE3526858A1 (de) 1985-07-26 1985-07-26 Solarheizung fuer gebaeude
DE3526858 1985-07-26
DE3529931 1985-08-21
DE19853529931 DE3529931A1 (de) 1985-08-21 1985-08-21 Solarheizung fuer gebaeude

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EP0231225A1 true EP0231225A1 (fr) 1987-08-12

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FR2653528A1 (fr) * 1989-10-19 1991-04-26 Clanchet Francois Isolation a paroi externe mince de captation de l'energie solaire.
EP0492005A1 (fr) * 1990-12-20 1992-07-01 Günther Seidel Mur pour l'absorption du rayonnement solaire
FR2689621B1 (fr) * 1992-04-01 1999-04-09 Rylewski Eugeniusz Dispositif pour capter l'energie solaire et la transferer sur un milieu recepteur a chauffer.
IL139159A (en) * 1998-04-20 2004-03-28 Giuseppe Fent Architekturburo Solar cell with a solar collector and storage elements
WO2010019055A1 (fr) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-18 Badger, Terry Christine Élément de construction
WO2019214870A1 (fr) * 2018-05-07 2019-11-14 Krecke Edmond Technologies d'éléments d'absorbeur ultra-super-solaire

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US4003638A (en) * 1973-12-28 1977-01-18 The University Of Chicago Radiant energy collection
US4162824A (en) * 1978-06-30 1979-07-31 Ma Horace Z Nonimaging radiant energy collector and concentrator
WO1980002712A1 (fr) * 1979-06-08 1980-12-11 Koester Patente Gmbh Installation pour la commande automatique du flux solaire incident
US4370974A (en) * 1980-03-12 1983-02-01 Maxey Donald R Inverted channel focusing solar collector
AT375125B (de) * 1982-11-26 1984-07-10 Mittasch Traude Fassadenverkleidung fuer sonnenseitige gebaeudewaende

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