EP0230185A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnetkernen in Ballastdrosselspulen für eine Anordnung von verschiedenen Entladungslampen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnetkernen in Ballastdrosselspulen für eine Anordnung von verschiedenen Entladungslampen Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0230185A1
EP0230185A1 EP86402810A EP86402810A EP0230185A1 EP 0230185 A1 EP0230185 A1 EP 0230185A1 EP 86402810 A EP86402810 A EP 86402810A EP 86402810 A EP86402810 A EP 86402810A EP 0230185 A1 EP0230185 A1 EP 0230185A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air gap
lamps
assembly
sheets
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86402810A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0230185B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Tarroux
Gérard Masclaux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thorn Europhane SA
Original Assignee
Thorn Europhane
Europhane SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thorn Europhane, Europhane SA filed Critical Thorn Europhane
Priority to AT86402810T priority Critical patent/ATE91565T1/de
Publication of EP0230185A1 publication Critical patent/EP0230185A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0230185B1 publication Critical patent/EP0230185B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to magnetic circuits for producing chokes for stabilizing the operation of discharge lamps.
  • the inductance of a choke strongly depends on the width of the air gap.
  • the reluctance, or magnetic resistance is in the form l / ps in which l represents the length of the circuit element (iron or air) in the direction of the flux lines, s the section of the circuit and p magnetic permeability.
  • inductors such as those used to stabilize the operation of discharge lamps, we see that the reluctance of the magnetic circuit (path in the iron) represents only 2 to 5% of the reluctance of the air gap (path in air ). Also, the inductance of the inductors can be modified to a large extent by acting only on the value of the air gap.
  • each lamp corresponds to a particular ideal inductance of the stabilizing inductor. If you want to make all the chokes in the most economical way in terms of materials, you can think of using magnetic circuits of the same dimensions and vary the air gap. Ideally, the air gap should even be continuously variable not only to obtain different predetermined inductance values, but also to compensate for the tolerances on the other parameters influencing the value of the inductance, namely in particular the number of turns, the permeability of magnetic materials and the flow passage section.
  • inductors with an adjustable air gap there are numerous examples in the electrotechnical art of making inductors with an adjustable air gap. Of a generally, it is expected that a part of the magnetic circuit can move relative to a part of the complementary circuit.
  • the air gap is adjusted by continuously measuring the current passing through the winding under the effect of a constant supply voltage. When this current has reached a predetermined set value, the two parts of the magnetic circuit are immobilized relative to each other by mechanical means.
  • a machine In a mass production process, a machine must be produced capable of imparting a slow movement and of small amplitude to the parts of the magnetic circuit movable with respect to each other, of continuously measuring the current passing through. winding and ensuring the locking in position of the parts of the magnetic circuit. Such a machine is necessarily complicated and expensive, especially if it requires a high production rate.
  • the present invention aims to provide a method for making magnetic circuits having different air gaps adapted to a set of different discharge lamps, without requiring the use of complex machines or fixtures to adjust the position. relative of magnetic circuit parts.
  • a minimum air gap is suitable which is suitable at least approximately for one or more lamps of the assembly, a maximum air gap suitable at least approximately for one or more other lamps of the '' assembly and at least one intermediate air gap suitable at least approximately for one or more of the remaining lamps of the assembly, so as to cover at least approximately the different air gap requirements for all the lamps of the assembly with the air gap minimum, maximum air gap and intermediate air gap (s), and a set of stabilization inductors is produced, comprising a first inductor produced by means of first magnetic circuit elements each forming the minimum chosen air gap, a second inductor produced by means of second magnetic circuit elements each forming the maximum chosen air gap, and one or more intermediate chokes produced by means of the first and second magnetic circuit elements to form the intermediate air gap (s) chosen by combination of the minimum and maximum air gaps.
  • the magnetic circuits of the different inductors are formed by two stacks of magnetic sheets located on either side of a joint plane and the sheets used for at least one of the two stacks have a partial air gap with respect to the joint plane. having one or the other of two different values forming the minimum and maximum air gaps with the partial air gap defined by the sheets of the other stack.
  • the two different partial air gap values can be obtained with particular sheets, which leads, in order to produce one of the stacks of the different chokes, to use sheets of two different types.
  • the two different partial air gap values can be obtained with the same sheets, one or the other of the two values being obtained depending on whether the magnetic sheets have one or the other on two opposite sides in look of the other stacking.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to cover at least approximately the air gap requirements for a whole set of different discharge lamps without requiring adjustments of relative positions of parts of magnetic circuits and without requiring a large assortment of magnetic sheets. of different types.
  • an ideal air gap of the magnetic circuit of the lamp stabilization inductor that is to say an air gap corresponding to a maximum saving in terms of materials. used for the construction of the reactor (iron and copper).
  • air gap adjustment machines or complete series of different magnetic circuits can be used. each corresponding to a particular lamp, but the resulting additional cost can largely cancel out the savings made on materials.
  • the invention proceeds from an observation made by the applicant. It has indeed appeared that the requirements for different air gaps for a range of manufacturing of different discharge lamps can be satisfied, at least approximately, with a minimum air gap value suitable for one or more lamps, a maximum value of air gap suitable for one or more other lamps and at least one intermediate air gap value to cover the needs of the remaining lamps.
  • the minimum and maximum air gap values can be obtained respectively by first and second elements of magnetic circuits while the or each intermediate value is obtained by combining the minimum and maximum values, that is to say by associating first and second magnetic circuit elements.
  • magnetic circuits for manufacturing the stabilization inductors suitable for all the lamps considered can be produced from a reduced number of elements of different magnetic circuits and without requiring continuous adjustment of the gap width.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram or "air gap map" showing the different air gap values optimized for stabilization inductors intended for a set of discharge lamps corresponding to a production range. of the plaintiff.
  • the discharge lamps and the corresponding air gaps shown in this diagram are as follows:
  • these different air gaps can be obtained with a very small assortment of different sheets, for example by means of sheets identical to the gap apart .
  • the intermediate air gap has the average value between the minimum and maximum air gaps.
  • the intermediate air gap could take another value included in the interval between the minimum and maximum air gaps. It is also possible that circumstances impose the choice of more than one intermediate value so that the difference between each optimized air gap and the closest minimum, maximum or intermediate air gap remains less than a certain value (for example to limit the error on the real air gap compared to the value optimized to a few percent, less than 5% for information).
  • Figures 2 to 4 illustrate an embodiment of three magnetic circuits 10, 20, 30 corresponding to the determined air gap values 2a, 2b and a + b.
  • the magnetic circuit 10 (FIG. 2) is formed of two stacks 11, 15 located on either side of a joint plane P.
  • the stack 11 is produced in a conventional manner by means of identical sheets 12 in the form of E
  • the stacking 15 is produced by means of identical sheets 16 in the form of E.
  • the sheets 16 have lateral branches which bear at their ends on the ends of the lateral branches of the sheets 12, along the plane P
  • the magnetic circuit 20 (FIG. 3) is formed by two stacks 21, 25 located on either side of a joint plane P ′ and produced by means of sheets 22, 26, respectively.
  • the sheets 22 and 26 delimit by their central branches a gap of width 2b formed by a partial gap e′1 between the central branches of the sheets 22 and the joint plane P ′ and a partial gap e′2 between the central branches of the sheets 26 and the joint plane P ′.
  • e′1 + e′2 2b.
  • the magnetic circuit 30 ( Figures 4 and 5) is formed, like the circuits 10 and 20, of two stacks 31, 35 located on either side of a joint plane P ⁇ .
  • the elementary air gap e ⁇ 2 is obtained by a combination of the sheets in the desired proportion to obtain the desired intermediate air gap value. If, as in the example considered, the value of the intermediate air gap is the average between the values of the minimum and maximum air gaps, the stack 35 is formed, for one half of sheets 16 and, for the other half, of sheets 26. In this stacking, the arrangement of sheets 16 and 26 may vary without significantly modifying the electrotechnically equivalent elementary air gap.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 5 consists of stacking sheet packs 16 and sheet packs 26 alternately, the number of sheets being the same in the different packs.
  • the sheets 12 and 16 forming the stacks 11 and 15 have different external dimensions, as well as the sheets 22 and 26 forming the stacks 21 and 25.
  • the magnetic circuit corresponding to the intermediate air gap can be produced automatically by alternately supplying packets of sheets 16 and packets of sheets 26 to form the stack 35 (instead of feeding only packets of sheets 16 or only packets of sheets 26 for the formation of stacks 15 and 25). This remains true in the case where the intermediate air gap (s) have values other than the average between the minimum and maximum air gaps, the only difference being that the sheets 16 and 26 are in different numbers in the stack 35.
  • Figures 6 to 9 illustrate three other embodiments of magnetic circuits 40, 50, 60 respectively offering a minimum air gap, a maximum air gap and an intermediate air gap.
  • the magnetic circuit 40 (FIG. 6) comprises two stacks 41, 45 situated on either side of a joint plane Q.
  • the stack 41 is constituted by sheets 42 in the form of E, while the sheets 46 constituting the stack 45 have, facing the sheets 42, a straight edge 47 located in the joint plane Q.
  • the partial air gap defined by the sheets 46 is zero, and the partial air gap e1 defined by the sheets 42 is equal to the minimum air gap 2a.
  • the magnetic circuit 50 (FIG. 7) also comprises two stacks 51, 55 located on either side of a joint plane Q ′.
  • the stack 55 is formed of sheets 56 identical to the sheets 46 but occupying with respect to the latter an inverted position so as to present their edge 58, opposite the edge 57, opposite the sheets 52.
  • the sheets 42, 56 have a form in C so that, in the position they occupy in circuit 50, they define a non-zero partial air gap e′2.
  • the design of the magnetic circuits of Figures 6 to 9 is also advantageous in that it allows, as known per se, to draw the sheets 46, 56 without loss of material from the recesses 43 located between the central branch and the branches side of the sheets 42, 52, 62.
  • Tables IV and V show the prices of the materials (iron and copper) required and the resulting cost differences, respectively for the chokes with single imposed air gap and the chokes with optimized air gaps, and for the chokes with single imposed air gap and the chokes with air gaps determined in accordance with the invention.
  • Tables IV and V indicate an annual production quantity and the gain achieved compared to the solution consisting in using inductors with a single imposed air gap. It can be seen that the process according to the invention makes it possible to achieve a very substantial gain in materials (iron, copper) and that this gain is of the same order as that obtained with coils with optimized individual air gaps, but without requiring any equipment. adjustment settings that are expensive and costly to implement.
  • the annual production for each lamp is shown here as a percentage of total production.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
EP86402810A 1985-12-16 1986-12-16 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnetkernen in Ballastdrosselspulen für eine Anordnung von verschiedenen Entladungslampen Expired - Lifetime EP0230185B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86402810T ATE91565T1 (de) 1985-12-16 1986-12-16 Verfahren zur herstellung von magnetkernen in ballastdrosselspulen fuer eine anordnung von verschiedenen entladungslampen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8518630 1985-12-16
FR8518630A FR2591795B1 (fr) 1985-12-16 1985-12-16 Procede de realisation de circuits magnetiques avec entrefer ajustable et circuits magnetiques ainsi obtenus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0230185A1 true EP0230185A1 (de) 1987-07-29
EP0230185B1 EP0230185B1 (de) 1993-07-14

Family

ID=9325841

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86402810A Expired - Lifetime EP0230185B1 (de) 1985-12-16 1986-12-16 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnetkernen in Ballastdrosselspulen für eine Anordnung von verschiedenen Entladungslampen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0230185B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE91565T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3688704T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2042505T3 (de)
FI (1) FI89217C (de)
FR (1) FR2591795B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002025677A2 (en) * 2000-09-20 2002-03-28 Ascom Energy Systems Ag, Berne Planar inductive element

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5441899A (en) * 1992-02-18 1995-08-15 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing substrate having semiconductor on insulator

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2400559A (en) * 1942-11-25 1946-05-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Inductance device
FR1119363A (fr) * 1954-02-19 1956-06-19 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Perfectionnements aux réactances à noyau cuirassé
US2790960A (en) * 1952-01-31 1957-04-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Core constructions
US2934727A (en) * 1955-12-29 1960-04-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Core construction
US4081777A (en) * 1974-06-26 1978-03-28 Thomas & Skinner, Inc. Ferromagnetic core with variable shunt air gap
AU518715B2 (en) * 1977-06-30 1981-10-15 Ferguson Transformers Pty. Ltd. Wattage control ballast

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR579885A (fr) * 1923-05-17 1924-10-25 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Perfectionnements aux électro-aimants à courant alternatif
GB684286A (en) * 1949-12-31 1952-12-17 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to core structures for electromagnetic induction apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2400559A (en) * 1942-11-25 1946-05-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Inductance device
US2790960A (en) * 1952-01-31 1957-04-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Core constructions
FR1119363A (fr) * 1954-02-19 1956-06-19 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Perfectionnements aux réactances à noyau cuirassé
US2934727A (en) * 1955-12-29 1960-04-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Core construction
US4081777A (en) * 1974-06-26 1978-03-28 Thomas & Skinner, Inc. Ferromagnetic core with variable shunt air gap
AU518715B2 (en) * 1977-06-30 1981-10-15 Ferguson Transformers Pty. Ltd. Wattage control ballast

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002025677A2 (en) * 2000-09-20 2002-03-28 Ascom Energy Systems Ag, Berne Planar inductive element
WO2002025677A3 (en) * 2000-09-20 2002-09-06 Ascom Energy Systems Ag Berne Planar inductive element
US6967553B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2005-11-22 Delta Energy Systems (Switzerland) Ag Planar inductive element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI865121A (fi) 1987-06-17
FI865121A0 (fi) 1986-12-16
FR2591795B1 (fr) 1989-01-20
DE3688704T2 (de) 1994-02-10
FI89217C (fi) 1993-08-25
FR2591795A1 (fr) 1987-06-19
EP0230185B1 (de) 1993-07-14
DE3688704D1 (de) 1993-08-19
ATE91565T1 (de) 1993-07-15
ES2042505T3 (es) 1993-12-16
FI89217B (fi) 1993-05-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0339164A1 (de) Selbstregulierter Transformator-Induktor mit Luftspalten
EP0095398B1 (de) Elektrischer Transformator mit aus Modulen bestehenden, selektiv gespeisten Primärkreisen
EP0010502A1 (de) Variable Induktivität
FR2688105A1 (fr) Actionneur rotatif electromagnetique monophase de course entre 60 et 120 degres.
EP1967045B1 (de) Induktorsvorrichtung versehen mit einzigen mehrwicklungen für induktiven kochfelden
EP0932245B1 (de) Elektrische Maschine mit doppelter Erregung, und insbesondere Fahrzeuggenerator
WO2013121147A2 (fr) Actionneur a entrainement direct compact generant une force constante
FR2459576A1 (fr) Moteur pas a pas
EP0230185B1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnetkernen in Ballastdrosselspulen für eine Anordnung von verschiedenen Entladungslampen
EP0150793B1 (de) Kontinuierlich arbeitende elektromagnetische Induktionsheizanlage für flache Erzeugnisse
FR2664837A1 (fr) Poste de soudure a moteur perfectionne.
EP2847774B1 (de) Dreiphasiger magnetmantel-drehtransformator mit drei magnetkernen
EP1841616A1 (de) Transformator für mehrfachstromfahrzeug
FR2804803A1 (fr) Procede pour fabriquer un bobinage et bobinage pour des groupes electriques, ainsi que groupe electrique
FR2547104A1 (fr) Transformateur de tension de haute precision
FR2549312A1 (de)
EP0990295B2 (de) Verfahren zum bewickeln und wicklungen für elektrische maschinen
CH369199A (fr) Transformateur stabilisateur de tension
EP0000676B1 (de) Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektronenstrahlerzeugers zum Schweissen
BE442744A (de)
EP0220158B1 (de) Gleichstrom/Wechselstromkonverter und zu diesem Zweck gebrauchter Transformator
BE358188A (de)
WO2022106370A1 (fr) Dispositif electrique a deux groupes de bobines couplees portes par un carte de circuit imprime, convertisseur de tension comportant un tel dispositif electrique et procede de fabrication d'un tel dispositif electrique
BE473381A (de)
EP0108010A1 (de) Breitband-Sendungsübertrager für Hochfrequenz-Fernmeldetechnik

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19880128

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19901026

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: THORN EUROPHANE

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 91565

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19930715

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3688704

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19930819

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2042505

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19940309

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: TP

ITPR It: changes in ownership of a european patent

Owner name: CESSIONE;THORN EUROPHANE S/A

NLS Nl: assignments of ep-patents

Owner name: THORN EUROPHANE REG.NR. 391673357

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19961204

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19961212

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19971231

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: THORN EUROPHANE (EX-THORN EUROPHANE HOLDING)

Effective date: 19971231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19981217

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20021203

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20021213

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20021217

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20021227

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20021231

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20030225

Year of fee payment: 17

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20031216

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20031216

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20031231

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20031231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 19990114

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040701

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040701

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20031216

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040831

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20040701

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20051216