EP0150793B1 - Kontinuierlich arbeitende elektromagnetische Induktionsheizanlage für flache Erzeugnisse - Google Patents

Kontinuierlich arbeitende elektromagnetische Induktionsheizanlage für flache Erzeugnisse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0150793B1
EP0150793B1 EP85100589A EP85100589A EP0150793B1 EP 0150793 B1 EP0150793 B1 EP 0150793B1 EP 85100589 A EP85100589 A EP 85100589A EP 85100589 A EP85100589 A EP 85100589A EP 0150793 B1 EP0150793 B1 EP 0150793B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
product
transverse
pitch
inductor
heating
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Expired
Application number
EP85100589A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0150793A3 (en
EP0150793A2 (de
Inventor
Bernard Chaussé
Jean Delassus
Claude Léon
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Alstom SA
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Alstom SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/101—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications for local heating of metal pieces
    • H05B6/103—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications for local heating of metal pieces multiple metal pieces successively being moved close to the inductor
    • H05B6/104—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications for local heating of metal pieces multiple metal pieces successively being moved close to the inductor metal pieces being elongated like wires or bands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/44—Coil arrangements having more than one coil or coil segment

Definitions

  • the invention applies to the frequent case where the heating must be uniform over the entire surface of the product.
  • the device according to the invention comprises the essential elements previously mentioned.
  • Its inductor has a periodic constitution both in the longitudinal direction with a longitudinal pitch, and in the transverse direction with a transverse pitch, so that the variations in the amplitude of the heating flux in the heating plane draw a rectangular mesh constituted by a juxtaposition of rectangular tiles of lengths equal to this longitudinal step and widths equal to this transverse step.
  • the magnetic circuit comprises in each of these tiles at least one central pole piece such that the amplitude of the heating flow is canceled out on the sides of the tile so that the average heating obtained after the product to be heated is the same in all tile widths fully included in the width of this product.
  • the shape of this part is also chosen so that this amplitude is maximum in the center of the pane with a distribution substantially in the form of a sinusoid arch as well according to the longitudinal sections as according to the cross sections.
  • the ratio of the transverse pitch to the longitudinal pitch is chosen to cancel the local heterogeneity of heating in each of the tiles which are entirely contained in the width of the product to be heated. This local heterogeneity is the difference in one direction or the other of the temperature of the middle of the width of the tile compared to that of the edges of the tile after the scrolling of this product.
  • the object of the invention is to allow homogeneous heating of a product of any width without special edge correction and using an acceptable manufacturing cost device.
  • the device according to the present invention is characterized in that it comprises first and second said inductors successively longitudinally, and having respectively a first and a second value different from the longitudinal pitch, and consequently a first and a second value d balance of the transverse step.
  • Each of these inductors is constituted by the juxtaposition of several inductor sections successively transversely in a regular manner according to said transverse pitch, each of these sections extending longitudinally by having its own inductor winding and its own magnetic circuit and by presenting said periodicity according to said longitudinal pitch.
  • Mechanical adjustment means control the spacing between said inductor sections and consequently said transverse pitch at the same value in these two inductors. This makes it possible to adapt the device to limited variations in the width of the product to be heated thanks to a variation of this spacing making this width equal to an integer number of transverse steps.
  • the edges of this product can then be made to coincide with the edges of two so-called tiles in each inductor, so as to heat the edge areas of this product to the same temperature as its intermediate areas.
  • the common transverse pitch is controllable between said first and second equilibrium values of the transverse pitch.
  • Electrical adjustment means control the ratio of electrical currents supplied to the two inductors.
  • these adjustment means provide the two inductors with electrical intensities capable of canceling out the local heterogeneity of global heating of the device by compensation for the two heterogeneities specific to the two inductors.
  • the device in order to remain within acceptable costs, a configuration varying only in width is adopted according to the invention, so as to always have an integer number of transverse steps in this width, the device then comprising two inductors whose two longitudinal steps define, with the previous common transverse step, two rectangular meshes.
  • the long side of the rectangle is in the direction of transfer for one of the inductors and in the direction perpendicular to the transfer for the other inductor. It is then possible, by adjusting the ratio of the excitation intensities in the two inductors, to obtain an exact compensation for the heterogeneities created by one inductor by heterogeneities equal in magnitude and opposite in sign and created by the other inductor.
  • the magnetic circuit of each of said wafers comprises at least one longitudinal bar carrying said pole pieces successively longitudinally projecting towards the product to be heated.
  • a winding specific to this bar follows a wavy path passing longitudinally to the right of a first pole piece, then transversely between this piece and a second, then longitudinally to the left of this second, then transversely between this second and a third, and so right now. This allows an easy realization of the inductor edge.
  • the device also includes electrical switches to enable the excitation windings of the lateral sections of the two inductors to be connected or disconnected and thus to vary the number of transverse steps to adapt the width of the flow of heating to variations in the width of the product to be heated greater than said limited variations.
  • each section has two said bars arranged on either side of the product to be heated.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of heating flat products by electromagnetic induction on parade, according to which the product to be heated is passed longitudinally in the flow of an inductor having a double periodicity in a longitudinal step and in a transverse step , characterized by the fact that this product is passed through the flow of two successive inductors having a common transverse pitch which is adjustable substantially between the two longitudinal pitches of these two inductors, this transverse pitch is adjusted to make the width of this product with an integer number of transverse steps and thus obtain the same heating on the two edge zones of this product as on the intermediate zones, and we regulate on the one hand the ratio of the intensities feeding these two inductors to homogenize the heating in each not transverse, and on the other hand the total power to reach the desired temperature.
  • the basic configuration comprises two ovens with respectively two inductors IL and IC, one of which forms a longitudinal pitch mesh PL and the other a longitudinal pitch mesh PC. These two steps are fixed by construction.
  • the mesh In the transverse direction DY, that is to say in the width of the product, the mesh has a variable pitch PT.
  • the heating heterogeneities are in this case of the same amplitude in the two ovens if these are also excited, so as to each induce half of the total heating power, but have the configuration of FIG. 2 in the step oven PL, and the configuration of Figure 4 in the step oven PC, so that they compensate each other exactly.
  • the product width is n.PC.
  • One of the ovens then has a square mesh, leading to heating free of heterogeneity. It is therefore asked for full power while the second oven is not in use.
  • the product width is n.PL.
  • the oven not used in the previous case becomes a square mesh and it is now asked for full power, free of heterogeneity, while the other oven is not used.
  • width of the product is less than n.PC, k longitudinal sections of the previous mesh are disconnected in the width of the product, k being determined by the smallest foreseeable width of products to be heated, this by opening switches such as 11, 12 (see figure 14).
  • the windings Ei, Ei + represented in FIG. 8 belong to two successive sections of rank i and i + 1. Their shape is linked to this inseparability.
  • the electrical conductor takes the form of a ripple around the alternating poles N and S of the same row determining three of the four sides CA, CB and CC of a rectangular turn.
  • This same figure shows that the fourth side CE, of the turn is constituted by a conductor of the neighboring section, due to the directions of currents indicated, without preventing the relative displacement of the first section relative to the second to vary the pitch transverse.
  • the two ovens are produced one with a longitudinal pitch of 170 mm according to FIG. 9, the other with a longitudinal pitch of 240 mm according to FIG. 10.
  • Each longitudinal row of the mesh is materialized by a section of inductor with a magnetic circuit in the form of a bar.
  • the pole pieces are shown in P.
  • the longitudinally extreme pole pieces PE have a length of half.
  • each bar consists of a bed of magnetic sheets 1, clamped between cheeks 2 and braced by parts 3 and 4, as shown in Figure 11.
  • the winding associated with a bar is shown in Figure 12.
  • the conductor consists of two copper tubes 5, 25 mm outside diameter, and 19 mm inside diameter connected in parallel and describing around the poles the ripple previously explained.
  • Figure 13 is a cross section of a bar and shows in addition insulating wedges both electrical 6a and thermal 6b.
  • Figure 14 shows the principle of electrical connection of one of the inductors.
  • the minimum width of 850 mm is covered by five transverse steps of 170 mm.
  • two additional slices are excited outside the product, one on each edge. These seven sections, each forming a row of poles, are supplied through a switch to which is only open when the inductor is not in service.
  • the five active steps make it possible to heat all the widths between 850 and 1020 mm.
  • heating widths that can range from 1700 to 1870 mm by changing 12 transverse steps, including 10 active from 170 to 187 mm.
  • This second device has the advantage of making it possible to heat wider widths than the first.
  • the first device not using for large widths the full variation of the transverse pitch, leads for these large widths to better distribute the total power between the two ovens and to minimize the power installation, without using an additional row.
  • This example does not limit the method of electrical connection. It is essentially illustrative. In practice, it is advisable to call in certain cases on paralleling.
  • the supply voltages are chosen to obtain the same intensity in all the windings of the same inductor.
  • Said intensity adjustment means RE are incorporated in the source SE.
  • the system for transferring the product to be heated 7 comprises rollers R1, R2, R3, ensuring horizontal scrolling, the support of the product inside the ovens being provided either by the mechanical tension applied between the inlet and the outlet, or, if the product is not ferromagnetic by the magnetic levitation inseparable from the process (see for example the document FR-A-2 509 562). In the latter case, the rollers R1, R2 and R3 can be omitted, which is advantageous if the product must not be subjected to contact during its treatment.
  • Each oven has two inductors symmetrical with respect to the plane of the product to be heated. The inductors with long pitch are represented in IL and the L, those with short pitch in IC and the C. Adjustable lateral guides G1, G2 ensure the transverse positioning of the product.
  • FIG. 16 represents the solution adopted in the embodiment to obtain the variation of the transverse pitch. It is the cross section of one of the two ovens and represents only a half width, the other being practically symmetrical.
  • the oven is represented in the configuration corresponding to the minimum value of the transverse pitch.
  • the inductor bars BC1 to BC13 and B'C1 to B'C13, designed as described above and subject of Figures 9 to 13, are carried by mobile supports 21 to 27a, 21b to 27b, except that the bars 10a and 10b are identical to the others are carried by fixed supports 20a and 20b.
  • the supports 21a to 27b are mobile and driven by rotation of two screws 31 a and 31b, radially guided by guides 20a and 20b, the thread pitches being 2 mm for the supports 22a and 22b, as well as 21 a and 21 b, 4 mm for supports 23a and 23b, 6 mm for supports 24a and 24b, 8 mm for supports 25a and 25b, 10 mm for supports 26a and 26b and 12 mm for supports 27a and 27b . Guides not shown ensure the parallelism of the supports.
  • the configuration is practically symmetrical with respect to the fixed supports 20a and 20b, except that the part not shown has 5 pairs of movable bars (including 21a and 21b) instead of 6.
  • the two screws 31 a and 31 b are controlled by the same member comprising, on the same shaft 41, two bevel gears 51a a and 51 b and an operating wheel 61.
  • the product to be heated 7 circulates between the bars 11 a to 17a and 11 b to 17b perpendicular to the plane of the figure.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen flacher durchlaufender Gegenstände aufgrund elektromagnetischer Induktion,
- mit einem Transfersystem (R1, R2, R3, G1, G2), mit dem der fläche aufzuheizende Gegenstand (7) in einer Heizebene gehalten wird und in einer Transfer-Längsrichtung (DX) in dieser Ebene vorwärtsbewegt wird, wobei die Breite des Gegenstands sich in einer Querrichtung (DY) ebenfalls in dieser Ebene erstreckt und seine Dicke in Flußrichtung (DZ) liegt, und wobei die drei Richtungen aufeinander senkrecht stehen und die Lage des aufzuheizenden Gegenstands in Querrichtung einstellbar ist,
- mit Erregungswicklungen eines Induktors (E1, E2, Ei, Ei+ 1),
- mit elektrischen Speisemittel (SE, lo, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15), die den Wicklungen eine periodisch mit der Zeit und in der Amplitude steuerbare elektrische Energie liefern, so daß diese einen gemäß der Stromstärke variablen magnetischen Fluß erzeugen,
- und mit magnetischen Induktorkreisen (BCi), um diesen Fluß zu kanalisieren und einen Heizfluß zu bilden, der den aufzuheizenden Gegenstand im wesentlichen gemäß der Richtung des magnetischen Flusses durchquert,
- wobei die Wicklungen und die magnetischen Kreise einen Induktor (IC) bilden, der eine periodische Struktur sowohl in Längsrichtung mit einem Längsmodul (PG) als auch in Querrichtung mit einem Quermodul (PT) bildet, so daß die Amplitudenvariationen des Heizflusses in der Heizebene ein rechtwinkliges Netzwerk bilden, das durch Anreihung von Rechtecken einer Länge gleich dem Längsmodul und einer Breite gleich dem Quermodul gebildet wird, und wobei der Magnetkreis in jedem der Rechtecke mindestens ein zentrales Polstück (P) derart aufweist, daß die Amplitude des Heizflusses an den Seiten des Kechtecks zu Null wird, so daß die nach Durchlauf des aufzuheizenden Gegenstands erhaltene mittlere Erwärmung in allen Rechteckbreiten, die ganz in der Breite des Gegenstands enthalten sind, dieselbe ist, wobei die Form dieses Polstücks außerdem so gewählt ist, daß die Amplitude im Zentrum des Rechtecks am größten ist und im wesentlichen in Form eines Sinusoids sowohl gemäß den Längsquerschnitten als auch gemäß den Querschnitten in Querrichtung verteilt ist und das Verhältnis des Quermoduls zum Längsmodul so gewählt ist, daß die örtliche Heterogenität der Heizleistung in jedem der Rechtecke, die ganz in der Breite (LA) des aufzuheizenden Gegenstands liegen, zu Null wird und diese örtliche Heterogenität (DT) der Temperaturunterschied in einer Richtung oder der anderen zwischen der Mitte der Breite des Rechtecks und den Rändern des Rechtecks nach Durchlauf des Gegenstands ist, wobei eine solche örtliche Heterogenität am Ausgang eines Induktors aufscheint, wenn sein reeller Quermodul von einem Gleichgewichtswert in der Nähe des Längsmoduls dieses Induktors abweicht, wobei diese Heterogenität einerseits mit dem Abstand von diesem Gleichgewichtswert und andererseits mit der Stromstärke zunimmt, mit der dieser Induktor gespeist wird,
- dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung einen ersten (IL) und einen zweiten Induktor (IC) aufweist, die in Längsrichtung aufeinanderfolgend und einen ersten (PL) bzw. zweiten davon unterschiedlichen Wert (PC) des Längsmoduls und somit einen ersten bzw. zweiten Gleichgewichtswert des Quermoduls bilden,
- wobei jeder der Induktoren durch Aneinanderreihen mehrerer Induktorabschnitte (BCi, Ei, BCi + 1, Ei + 1) gebildet wird, die einander in Querrichtung und regelmäßig gemäß dem Quermodul auf einanderfolgen, und jeder dieser Abschnitte sich in Längsrichtung erstreckt, indem er seine eigene Induktorwicklung (Ei) und seinen eigenen Magnetkreis (BCi) besitzt, und wobei die Periodizität gemäß dem Längsmodul (PC) vorliegt,
- wobei mechanische Regelmittel (61,51 a, 31 a) den Abstand zwischen den Induktorabschnitten (BC1, E1) und somit den Quermodul (PT) auf einen gleichen Wert in diesen beiden Induktoren (IL, IC) einregeln, um die Vorrichtung an begrenzte Variationen in der Breite des auf zuheizenden Gegenstands durch eine Veränderung dieses Abstands anpassen zu können, wodurch die Breite (LA) gleich einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen des Quermoduls wird und somit die Ränder des Gegenstands mit den Rändern zweier Rechtecke in jedem Induktor zusammenfallen, so daß die Randzonen des Gegenstands auf dieselbe Temperatur wie seine Zwischenzonen aufgeheizt werden, wobei dieser gemeinsame Quermodul zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Gleichgewichtswert des Quermoduls einstellbar ist,
- und wobei elektrische Regelmittel (RE) das Verhältnis der elektrischen Stromstärken steuern, mit denen die beiden Induktoren gespeist werden, um für den Fall, daß eine Differenz zwischen dem reellen Quermodul und seinem Gleichgewichtswert in jedem Induktor eine örtliche Heizleistungsheterogenität, die diesem Induktor zu eigen ist, hervorrufen will, den beiden Induktoren (IL, IC) solche elektrische Energien zuzuführen, daß die örtliche Heterogenität der globalen Heizung der Vorrichtung durch Kompensation der beiden den beiden Induktoren eigenen Heterogenitäten verschwindet.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Magnetkreis jedes der Abschnitte (BCi, Ei) mindestens einen Längsstab (BCi) aufweist, der die einander in Längsrichtung folgenden und in Richtung auf den auf zuheizenden Gegenstand (7) vorstehenden Polstücke (P) trägt, wobei eine diesem Stab eigene Wicklung (Ei) einen gewellten Verlauf nimmt, indem sie in Längsrichtung rechts an einem ersten Polstück vorbei, dann quer zwischen diesem Polstück und einem zweiten, weiter längs links an einem zweiten Polstück vorbei, dann quer zwischen diesem zweiten und einem dritten Polstück usw. verläuft, so daß eine einfache Herstellung ermöglicht wird.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie außerdem elektrische Schalter (11,12, 13,14,15) aufweist, um die Erregerwicklungen (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5) der seitlichen Abschnitte der beiden Induktoren anschließen oder abtrennen zu können, so daß die Anzahl der Quermodule variiert werden kann, um die Breite des Heizflusses an die Veränderungen der Breite des aufzuheizenden Gegenstandes (7) anpassen zu können, die größer als die begrenzten Variationen sind.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Abschnitt zwei Stäbe (B1, B'1) aufweist, die zu beiden Seiten des aufzuheizenden Gegenstands (7) liegen.
5. Verfahren zur Aufheizung flacher Gegenstände durch elektromagnetische Induktion im Durchlaufverfahren, wobei der auf zuheizende Gegenstand (7) durch den Fluß eines Induktors (IC) mit einer doppelten Periodizität gemäß einem Längsmodul und einem Quermodul in Längsrichtung durchläuft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gegenstand im Fluß von zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Induktoren (IC, IL) durchläuft, die einen gemeinsamen Quermodul (PT) besitzen, der zwischen den beiden Längsabständen (PC, PL) dieser beiden Induktoren regelbar ist (31a), daß dieser Quermodul so geregelt wird, daß die Breite des Gegenstands mit einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen von Quermodulen zusammenfällt und somit die gleiche Heizung in den beiden Randzonen des Gegenstands wie in den Zwischenzonen erreicht wird, und daß einerseits das Verhältnis der diese beiden Induktoren speisenden Stromstärken so geregelt wird, daß die Heizung in jedem Quermodul homogenisiert wird, und andererseits die Gesamtleistung so geregelt wird, daß die gewünschte Temperatur erreicht wird.
EP85100589A 1984-01-26 1985-01-22 Kontinuierlich arbeitende elektromagnetische Induktionsheizanlage für flache Erzeugnisse Expired EP0150793B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8401187A FR2558941B1 (fr) 1984-01-26 1984-01-26 Dispositif de chauffage de produits plats au defile par induction electromagnetique
FR8401187 1984-01-26

Publications (3)

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EP0150793A2 EP0150793A2 (de) 1985-08-07
EP0150793A3 EP0150793A3 (en) 1985-09-25
EP0150793B1 true EP0150793B1 (de) 1989-01-04

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US (1) US4587392A (de)
EP (1) EP0150793B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60172195A (de)
DE (1) DE3567349D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2558941B1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3928629A1 (de) * 1989-08-30 1991-03-14 Junker Gmbh O Vorrichtung zum induktiven erwaermen von flachem metallischem gut

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DE3567349D1 (en) 1989-02-09
US4587392A (en) 1986-05-06
FR2558941B1 (fr) 1986-05-02
EP0150793A3 (en) 1985-09-25
JPS60172195A (ja) 1985-09-05
JPS6310541B2 (de) 1988-03-08
FR2558941A1 (fr) 1985-08-02
EP0150793A2 (de) 1985-08-07

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