EP0228961B1 - Pressurized-gas supply in air guns - Google Patents

Pressurized-gas supply in air guns Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0228961B1
EP0228961B1 EP86402873A EP86402873A EP0228961B1 EP 0228961 B1 EP0228961 B1 EP 0228961B1 EP 86402873 A EP86402873 A EP 86402873A EP 86402873 A EP86402873 A EP 86402873A EP 0228961 B1 EP0228961 B1 EP 0228961B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
stop
chamber
gas
set forth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86402873A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0228961A3 (en
EP0228961A2 (en
Inventor
Jean Lacam
René Pons
Pierre Simand
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
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Priority to AT86402873T priority Critical patent/ATE48187T1/en
Publication of EP0228961A2 publication Critical patent/EP0228961A2/en
Publication of EP0228961A3 publication Critical patent/EP0228961A3/en
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Publication of EP0228961B1 publication Critical patent/EP0228961B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B11/00—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns
    • F41B11/60—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns characterised by the supply of compressed gas
    • F41B11/62—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns characterised by the supply of compressed gas with pressure supplied by a gas cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B11/00—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns
    • F41B11/70—Details not provided for in F41B11/50 or F41B11/60
    • F41B11/72—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F41B11/721—Valves; Arrangement of valves for controlling gas pressure for both firing the projectile and for loading or feeding

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of devices for firing various projectiles using compressed gas.
  • valves or shutters
  • a percussion hammer to deliver a fraction of compressed gas necessary when a projectile is launched.
  • a spring is used which returns the valve to its original position to seal the circuit.
  • This spring must be calibrated to take account of gas pressure and it is difficult to obtain an almost constant fraction of gas, to avoid too great a dispersion during firing. The use of this spring therefore imposes certain constraints and moreover in the event of rupture requires the complete disassembly of the weapon or the device.
  • valve and its spring are removed and replaced by a valve consisting of a valve and a seal ensuring the tightness of the circuit.
  • the seal is movable in its housing and is compressed between two stops. This results in accelerated wear of this seal and consumption of compressed gas incompatible with the use of a standard reserve of compressed gas.
  • GB-A 607 444 describes, according to the preamble of claim 1, a device for supplying compressed gas to a weapon using a standard reserve of gas.
  • the device does not include an expansion member consisting of two chambers communicating with each other.
  • this patent mentions a gas pressure chamber and a valve receiving chamber. This valve is subjected to the permanent action of a spring. We see in the figures a free space at the valve and the communication holes; but it is a structure necessary to house the valve and its spring and allow the circulation of compressed air.
  • the patent FR-A 4 941 917 describes a compressed air weapon, supplied by a pipe from a compressor, which has no similarity with weapons comprising a conventional reserve of gas. Compressed air ensures the closing of a valve whose stem is subjected to the action of a spring to reinforce the action of air. There is no gas expansion chamber but a tank which is only an accessory of the compressor. The trigger acts directly on the valve to release a fraction of compressed air.
  • US Pat. No. 4,116,193 describes a compressed air weapon equipped with a reserve, with a valve, the closure of which is calibrated with a spring.
  • the structure described does not mention a chamber surrounding a spring.
  • Patent DE-B 1 067 338 describes a compressed air gun in which the reserve of compressed air is directly connected to a valve equipped with a seal whose variation in volume ensures the passage of a fraction of gas. An expansion chamber is provided, but this is beyond the valve and in direct communication with the barrel.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a supply device provided with a conventional valve comprising no return spring of the valve, and which can be used with a reserve of compressed gas.
  • the invention therefore relates to a device for supplying compressed gas to a weapon of the type comprising a gas reserve, a valve movable in a housing, a valve seat placed in this housing ensuring the maintenance and guiding of the valve stem, and an expansion member interposed between the gas reserve and the valve, characterized in that the expansion member consists of a first expansion chamber in communication with the gas reserve and a second communicating chamber with the valve housing, the chambers being separated by a calibrated orifice, the valve being freely movable between a first stop on which it is constantly applied by the pressure of the compressed gas and a second stop on which it is projected during percussion of the rod, the first stop and the second stop being constituted by the respective ends facing the seat and the second chamber.
  • the volume of the second chamber can be 5 to 7 times less than that of the first chamber.
  • the two chambers can be constituted by hollow cylindrical elements.
  • the cylinder constituting the second chamber can be engaged in the housing of the valve, its end constituting the stop of the valve so that the distance separating the seat and the stop defines the stroke of the valve.
  • the expansion member comprises a sleeve supporting a perforation needle of the gas reserve, said sleeve comprising an open cavity into which the needle opens and intended to receive the collar of the gas reserve.
  • a hollow seal with two lips is placed in the cavity of the sleeve, the first lip being applied to the bottom of the cavity and around the needle and the second being applied to the collar of the gas reserve.
  • An advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that the opening-closing cycle of the valve as a function of time has a square profile. Thus, the total opening and total closing of this valve are almost instantaneous.
  • the weapon can be used in a temperature range between -15 and +40 ° C, which is impossible with a valve equipped with a spring.
  • Another advantage lies in the simplification of the mounting of the valve since it is no longer necessary to provide two support points of the conventional spring, one on the valve itself, the other on a fixed point of the 'armed.
  • Another advantage lies in the fact that the fraction of compressed gas delivered is substantially constant during operation, which does not not modify the ballistics of the weapon.
  • FIGs 1 and 2 there is shown a partial section of a weapon as described in patent FR-A-2,547,038 comprising a body 1 receiving a launching cannon 2, into which the projectiles are introduced in a known manner using an introduction piston 3 beyond a conduit 4 for the arrival of the compressed gas.
  • the projectiles can be taken one by one from a store (not shown) inserted in a notch 5, and for more precision one can refer to the aforementioned French patent.
  • the weapon also includes a valve 6 sliding in a housing 7 of the body, the rod 8 of which is guided by the valve seat 9.
  • This seat is immobilized by the screw 10 and its tightness with respect to the housing 7 is ensured by means of the O-ring 11 placed, in the figure, to the right of the duct 4.
  • This seat also comprises a duct 12 extending the duct 4, opening into an axial bore 13. The seal between the valve and the seat is ensured by a seal placed in the valve body and the stop 14 which constitutes the seat.
  • the valve used is described in more detail below in relation to FIG. 3.
  • the compressed gas is taken from a standard gas reserve 16, such as for example a 12 g bottle of carbon dioxide compressed to 56.105 Pa at ordinary temperature.
  • This reserve is made integral with the weapon in a known manner.
  • valve 6 is actuated in a known manner, during the firing sequence, by a percussion hammer 29.
  • the operation is as follows.
  • the gas is expanded in the first expansion chamber 23 and then in the second 22.
  • the valve 6 is pressed against the stop 14 of the seat 9. L watertightness is ensured and the weapon is ready to operate.
  • the firing control is conventionally carried out by a trigger (not shown) which releases the percussion hammer 29 after introduction of a projectile into the barrel by the introduction piston 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows a phase of the firing after percussion of the rod 8 by the hammer 29.
  • the valve body is stopped by the stop 30 formed by the end of the part 18.
  • the distance separating the stops 14 and 30 defines the stroke of the valve.
  • the impact of the hammer 29 on the valve results in a rapid displacement of the valve, the extreme position of which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
  • the quantity of gas required passes from the chamber 22 through the openings formed in the body of the valve 6 (described below in relation to FIG. 3), the momentarily free space between the stop 14 and the valve 6, the bore 13, and finally the conduits 12 and 4.
  • the projectile 31 present in the chamber, is then propelled out of the barrel 2.
  • the return to the initial position of the valve 6 is obtained by the combination of two forces: on the one hand, the reaction forces arising from the impact of the valve on the stop 30 and on the other hand, the gas pressure exerted on the body of the valve which combine to instantaneously apply the valve to the stop 14.
  • the tests carried out show that the volume of the chamber 23 can be between 5 and 7 cm 3 , that of the chamber 22 being 5 to 7 times less.
  • the size of the hole orifice 24 can be between 3 and 5 mm.
  • the rod 8 has a shoulder and a cylindrical rear part.
  • the body 32 is provided with two cylindrical cheeks 33 and 34 separated by an annular rib 35.
  • the cylindrical cheek 33 has openings 36 intended for the passage of the compressed fluid.
  • the diameter of the cheek 33 corresponds to the internal diameter of the housing 7 in which the valve 6 is mounted as indicated above, so that this valve is mobile under the action of the compressed fluid acting on the front face of the cheek 33.
  • the cheek 34 is preferably of a diameter smaller than that of cheek 33.
  • the body 32 comprises a first conical bore extended by a second cylindrical bore and with a flat bottom.
  • the diameter of the second bore is provided so as to maintain and block the rear part of the rod, in order to secure the body and the rod by simple diametric tightening.
  • the first bore has a bottom provided with a convex annular bulge and receives an annular seal 37 comprising an axial bore.
  • the dimensions of the seal 37, the rear part of the rod 8 and the first bore are provided in such a way that, when the rod 8 is mounted in the body 32 of the valve, axial and longitudinal compression of the seal 37 is obtained , which causes a slight bulging of the free surface of the seal visible in this figure.
  • FIG. 3 also shows the housing 7 in which the valve is mounted, the seat 9 guiding the rod 8.
  • the external diameter of the cheek 33 is substantially equal to the internal diameter of the housing 7 so as to obtain a guiding the valve body 32 in this housing.
  • the valve is held by means of the rod 8 sliding in the seat 9 and the cheek 33 sliding in the housing 7.
  • the operation of a weapon equipped with this valve is semi-automatic without any borrowing of energy from the gas reserve 16, which reduced its performance.
  • the cheek 33 is provided with openings 36 made at its periphery, but it could also be replaced by calibrated holes made in the thickness of the cheek 33.
  • FIG 4 there is shown the opening opening cycle of a conventional valve equipped with a return spring. It is known that for reasons of rapid closure of the valve, the percussion hammer 29 has, when it comes into contact with the stem 8 of the valve, a low axial force.
  • the space-time opening curve has a sinusoidal profile and that the exit of the projectile occurs at the maximum of the curve.
  • the hatched part represents the volume of compressed gas lost which is not used in the propulsion of the projectile.
  • FIG. 5 the opening-closing cycle of the valve according to the invention has also been shown.
  • the valve 6 is not recalled by a spring in the closed position as is the case in all weapons of this type.
  • the shock in the open position by abutment on the face 30 located at a determined distance from the end of the stem 8 of the valve, causes the opening movement to stop and a reversal of direction.
  • the space-time opening curve has a square profile and that the opening and closing are almost instantaneous.
  • the hatched part representing the volume of compressed gas lost is this time much less. It follows that the efficiency is higher with regard to the time / volume ratio of gas released compared to a spring return valve.
  • This configuration of the sealing valve makes it possible to optimize the weapon to obtain the best speed performance of the projectile which characterizes the precision and the range of the weapon and its autonomy, that is to say the number of shots fired for a standard carbon dioxide reserve.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for feeding with compressed gas a weapon of the type including a gas reserve, a valve that can move inside a valve housing and a valve seat located in this housing, holding and guiding a valve rod. This device includes an expansion unit interposed between the gas reserve and the valve, consisting of a first expansion chamber communicating with the gas reserve and a second chamber, the chambers being separated by a calibrated orifice. The volume of the second chamber is smaller than that of the first chamber. Both chambers are delimited by hollow cylindrical elements, the cylinder which constitutes the second chamber projecting into the valve housing, its end constituting the valve stop so that the distance between the stop of the seat and the valve stop determines the valve stroke. The motive power that closes the valve consists of the reaction force generated by the impact of the valve against the stop, on the one hand, and of the compressed gas pressure, on the other hand.

Description

Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des dispositifs de tir de projectiles divers à l'aide d'un gaz comprimé.The technical sector of the present invention is that of devices for firing various projectiles using compressed gas.

Pour assurer l'alimentation en gaz comprimé d'appareils de tir tels que les armes, il est bien connu d'utiliser des valves, ou obturateurs, placées dans un conduit, actionnées par un marteau de percussion pour délivrer une fraction de gaz comprimé nécessaire au lancement d'un projectile. Dans la plupart des cas, on utilise un ressort qui ramène la valve dans sa position d'origine pour assurer l'étanchéité du circuit. A titre d'illustration, on peut citer les brevets US-A 3 527 194, 3 741 189, 2 940 438, 2 817 328, 4 116 193 et FR-A 2 547 038. Ce ressort doit être calibré pour tenir compte de la pression de gaz et on obtient difficilement une fraction à peu près constante de gaz, pour éviter une trop grande dispersion lors du tir. L'utilisation de ce ressort impose donc certaines contraintes et de plus en cas de rupture nécessite le démontage complet de l'arme ou de l'appareil.To supply compressed gas to shooting devices such as weapons, it is well known to use valves, or shutters, placed in a conduit, actuated by a percussion hammer to deliver a fraction of compressed gas necessary when a projectile is launched. In most cases, a spring is used which returns the valve to its original position to seal the circuit. By way of illustration, mention may be made of the patents US-A 3,527,194, 3,741,189, 2,940,438, 2,817,328, 4,116,193 and FR-A 2,547,038. This spring must be calibrated to take account of gas pressure and it is difficult to obtain an almost constant fraction of gas, to avoid too great a dispersion during firing. The use of this spring therefore imposes certain constraints and moreover in the event of rupture requires the complete disassembly of the weapon or the device.

Par ailleurs, dans le brevet FR-A 1 113 966, on a proposé une arme à air comprimé dans laquelle la valve et son ressort sont supprimés et remplacés par une valve constituée d'un clapet et d'un joint assurant l'étanchéité du circuit. Au cours du fonctionnement, le joint est mobile dans son logement et est comprimé entre deux butées. Il en résulte une usure accélérée de ce joint et une consommation de gaz comprimé incompatible avec l'utilisation d'une réserve standard de gaz comprimé.Furthermore, in patent FR-A 1 113 966, a compressed air weapon has been proposed in which the valve and its spring are removed and replaced by a valve consisting of a valve and a seal ensuring the tightness of the circuit. During operation, the seal is movable in its housing and is compressed between two stops. This results in accelerated wear of this seal and consumption of compressed gas incompatible with the use of a standard reserve of compressed gas.

Le brevet GB-A 607 444 décrit, selon le préambule de la revendication 1, un disposif d'alimentation en gaz comprimé d'une arme utilisant une réserve standard de gaz. Toutefois, le dispositif ne comporte pas un organe de détente constitué de deux chambres communiquant entre elles. En effet ce brevet mentionne une chambre de pression de gaz et une chambre de réception de la valve. Cette valve est soumise à l'action permanente d'un ressort. On voit sur les figures un espace libre au niveau de la valve et des trous de communication; mais il s'agit d'une structure nécessaire pour loger la valve et son ressort et permettre la circulation d'air comprimé.GB-A 607 444 describes, according to the preamble of claim 1, a device for supplying compressed gas to a weapon using a standard reserve of gas. However, the device does not include an expansion member consisting of two chambers communicating with each other. Indeed, this patent mentions a gas pressure chamber and a valve receiving chamber. This valve is subjected to the permanent action of a spring. We see in the figures a free space at the valve and the communication holes; but it is a structure necessary to house the valve and its spring and allow the circulation of compressed air.

Le brevet FR-A 4 941 917 décrit une arme à air comprimé, alimentée par une conduite à partir d'un compresseur, ce qui n'a aucune similitude avec les armes comportant une réserve classique de gaz. L'air comprimé assure la fermeture d'une soupape dont la tige est soumise à l'action d'un ressort pour renforcer l'action de l'air. Il n'y a pas de chambre de détente du gaz mais un réservoir qui n'est qu'un accessoire du compresseur. La détente agit directement sur la soupape pour libérer une fraction d'air comprimé.The patent FR-A 4 941 917 describes a compressed air weapon, supplied by a pipe from a compressor, which has no similarity with weapons comprising a conventional reserve of gas. Compressed air ensures the closing of a valve whose stem is subjected to the action of a spring to reinforce the action of air. There is no gas expansion chamber but a tank which is only an accessory of the compressor. The trigger acts directly on the valve to release a fraction of compressed air.

Le brevet US-A 4 116 193 décrit une arme à air comprimé équipée d'une réserve, d'une valve dont la fermeture ressort 15 calibré. La structure décrite ne fait pas mention d'une chambre entourant un ressort.US Pat. No. 4,116,193 describes a compressed air weapon equipped with a reserve, with a valve, the closure of which is calibrated with a spring. The structure described does not mention a chamber surrounding a spring.

Le brevet DE-B 1 067 338 décrit un pistolet à air comprimé dans lequel la réserve d'air comprimé est directement reliée à une valve équipée d'un joint dont la variation de volume assure le passage d'une fraction de gaz. Une chambre d'expansion est prévue, mais celle-ci est au delà de la valve et en communication directe avec le canon.Patent DE-B 1 067 338 describes a compressed air gun in which the reserve of compressed air is directly connected to a valve equipped with a seal whose variation in volume ensures the passage of a fraction of gas. An expansion chamber is provided, but this is beyond the valve and in direct communication with the barrel.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un dispositif d'alimentation muni d'une valve classique ne comportant aucun ressort de rappel de la valve, et qui soit utilisable avec une réserve de gaz comprimé.The object of the present invention is to provide a supply device provided with a conventional valve comprising no return spring of the valve, and which can be used with a reserve of compressed gas.

L'invention a donc pour objet un dispositif d'alimentation en gaz comprimé d'une arme du type comportant une réserve de gaz, une valve mobile dans un logement, un siège de valve placé dans ce logement assurant le maintien et le guidage de la tige de la valve, et un organe de détente interposé entre la réserve de gaz et la valve, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de détente est constitué d'une première chambre de détente en communication avec la réserve de gaz et une seconde chambre communiquant avec le logement de la valve, les chambres étant séparées par un orifice calibré, la valve étant librement mobile entre une première butée sur laquelle elle est constamment appliquée par la pression du gaz comprimé et une seconde butée sur laquelle elle est projetée lors de la percussion de la tige, la première butée et la seconde butée étant constituées par les extrémités respectives en regard du siège et de la seconde chambre.The invention therefore relates to a device for supplying compressed gas to a weapon of the type comprising a gas reserve, a valve movable in a housing, a valve seat placed in this housing ensuring the maintenance and guiding of the valve stem, and an expansion member interposed between the gas reserve and the valve, characterized in that the expansion member consists of a first expansion chamber in communication with the gas reserve and a second communicating chamber with the valve housing, the chambers being separated by a calibrated orifice, the valve being freely movable between a first stop on which it is constantly applied by the pressure of the compressed gas and a second stop on which it is projected during percussion of the rod, the first stop and the second stop being constituted by the respective ends facing the seat and the second chamber.

Le volume de la seconde chambre peut être inférieur de 5 à 7 fois à celui de la première chambre.The volume of the second chamber can be 5 to 7 times less than that of the first chamber.

Les deux chambres peuvent être constituées par des éléments cylindriques creux.The two chambers can be constituted by hollow cylindrical elements.

Le cylindre constituant la seconde chambre peut être engagé dans le logement de la valve, son extrémité constituant la butée de la valve de telle sorte que la distance séparant le siège et la butée définisse la course de la valve.The cylinder constituting the second chamber can be engaged in the housing of the valve, its end constituting the stop of the valve so that the distance separating the seat and the stop defines the stroke of the valve.

L'organe de détente comporte un manchon supportant une aiguille de perforation de la réserve de gaz, ledit manchon comprenant une cavité ouverte dans laquelle débouche l'aiguille et destinée à recevoir le collet de la réserve de gaz.The expansion member comprises a sleeve supporting a perforation needle of the gas reserve, said sleeve comprising an open cavity into which the needle opens and intended to receive the collar of the gas reserve.

Un joint creux à deux lèvres est placé dans la cavité du manchon, la première lèvre étant appliquée au fond de la cavité et autour de l'aiguille et la seconde étant appliquée sur le collet de la réserve de gaz.A hollow seal with two lips is placed in the cavity of the sleeve, the first lip being applied to the bottom of the cavity and around the needle and the second being applied to the collar of the gas reserve.

Un avantage de la présente invention réside dans le fait que le cycle ouverture-fermeture de la valve en fonction du temps présente un profil carré. Ainsi, l'ouverture totale et la fermeture totale de cette valve sont quasi-instantanées.An advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that the opening-closing cycle of the valve as a function of time has a square profile. Thus, the total opening and total closing of this valve are almost instantaneous.

Un autre avantage réside dans le fait que l'arme peut être utilisée dans un domaine de température compris entre -15 et +40°C, ce qui est impossible avec une valve équipée d'un ressort.Another advantage is that the weapon can be used in a temperature range between -15 and +40 ° C, which is impossible with a valve equipped with a spring.

Un autre avantage réside dans la simplification du montage de la valve puisqu'il n'est plus nécessaire de prévoir deux points d'appui du ressort classique, l'un sur la valve elle-même, l'autre sur un point fixe de l'arme.Another advantage lies in the simplification of the mounting of the valve since it is no longer necessary to provide two support points of the conventional spring, one on the valve itself, the other on a fixed point of the 'armed.

Un autre avantage réside dans le fait que la fraction de gaz comprimé délivrée est sensiblement constante au cours du fonctionnement, ce qui ne modifie pas la balistique de l'arme.Another advantage lies in the fact that the fraction of compressed gas delivered is substantially constant during operation, which does not not modify the ballistics of the weapon.

D'autres avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lumière du complément de description qui va suivre en relation avec un dessin sur lequel:

  • - les figures 1 et 2 représentent une coupe du dispositif d'alimentation en gaz respectivement en position fermée et en position ouverte,
  • - la figure 3 représente une coupe de la valve utilisée,
  • - la figure 4 représente la courbe d'ouverture espace-temps d'une valve équipée d'un ressort de rappel et la figure 5 la même courbe pour une valve selon l'invention.
Other advantages of the invention will be better understood in the light of the additional description which will follow in relation to a drawing in which:
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a section through the gas supply device in the closed position and in the open position respectively,
  • FIG. 3 represents a section of the valve used,
  • - Figure 4 shows the space-time opening curve of a valve equipped with a return spring and Figure 5 the same curve for a valve according to the invention.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, on a représenté une coupe partielle d'une arme telle que décrite dans le brevet FR-A-2 547 038 comprenant un corps 1 recevant un canon de lancement 2, dans lequel les projectiles sont introduits de façon connue à l'aide d'un piston d'introduction 3 au delà d'un conduit 4 d'arrivée du gaz comprimé. Les projectiles peuvent être prélevés un par un d'un magasin (non représenté) introduit dans une entaille 5, et pour plus de précision on pourra se reporter au brevet français précité.In Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a partial section of a weapon as described in patent FR-A-2,547,038 comprising a body 1 receiving a launching cannon 2, into which the projectiles are introduced in a known manner using an introduction piston 3 beyond a conduit 4 for the arrival of the compressed gas. The projectiles can be taken one by one from a store (not shown) inserted in a notch 5, and for more precision one can refer to the aforementioned French patent.

L'arme comporte encore une valve 6 coulissant dans un logement 7 du corps, dont la tige 8 est guidée par le siège 9 de valve. Ce siège est immobilisé par la vis 10 et son étanchéité par rapport au logement 7 est assurée à l'aide du joint torique 11 placé, sur la figure, à droite du conduit 4. Ce siège comporte encore un conduit 12 prolongeant le conduit 4, débouchant dans un percement axial 13. L'étanchéité entre la valve et le siège est assurée par un joint placé dans le corps de valve et la butée 14 que constitue le siège. La valve utilisée est décrite plus en détail ci-après en relation avec la figure 3.The weapon also includes a valve 6 sliding in a housing 7 of the body, the rod 8 of which is guided by the valve seat 9. This seat is immobilized by the screw 10 and its tightness with respect to the housing 7 is ensured by means of the O-ring 11 placed, in the figure, to the right of the duct 4. This seat also comprises a duct 12 extending the duct 4, opening into an axial bore 13. The seal between the valve and the seat is ensured by a seal placed in the valve body and the stop 14 which constitutes the seat. The valve used is described in more detail below in relation to FIG. 3.

Le gaz comprimé est prélevé d'une réserve de gaz standard 16, comme par exemple une bouteille de 12 g de gaz carbonique comprimé à 56.105 Pa à température ordinaire. Cette réserve est rendue solidaire de l'arme de façon connue.The compressed gas is taken from a standard gas reserve 16, such as for example a 12 g bottle of carbon dioxide compressed to 56.105 Pa at ordinary temperature. This reserve is made integral with the weapon in a known manner.

La valve 6 est reliée à la bouteille 16 par l'intermédiaire de l'organe de détente 17 constitué de deux parties creuses 18 et 19, sensiblement cylindriques, de diamètre différent. La partie 18, de diamètre inférieur, est engagée dans le logement 7 et est immobilisée par la vis 20. L'étanchéité au niveau de ce logement est assurée par le joint torique 21. Les deux parties 18 et 19 délimitent les chambres respectives 22 et 23 communiquant par l'orifice calibré 24. L'extrémité libre de la partie 19 est fermée à l'aide d'un manchon cylindrique 25 monté vissé-collé. Ce manchon, percé longitudinalement, est muni d'une aiguille 26 de perforation et comprend une cavité 27 destinée à recevoir le collet de la bouteille 16. L'aiguille 26 débouche dans cette cavité et lors de la mise en perforation de la bouteille 16, celle-ci est appliquée contre l'aiguille à l'aide d'une manette (non représentée) pour provoquer le perçage de l'opercule de la bouteille. Dans la cavité 27, on a prévu un joint creux 28 à deux lèvres, dont l'une est placée au fond de la cavité et autour de l'aiguille 26 et l'autre au niveau de la paroi externe autour de collet de la bouteille 16. Cette structure présente deux avantages:

  • - la forme creuse du joint permet d'absorber les larges variations de longueur des bouteilles qui ne peuvent être compensées par le système de perforation, et
  • - lors d'une fuite à la perforation, le gaz remplit la cavité intérieure 27. La pression obtenue dans cette cavité augmente avec la fuite et compte tenu du fait que le joint 28 est prisonnier, le serrage de la lèvre externe sur le collet de la bouteille augmente proportionnellement. On réalise ainsi une auto-étanchéité.
The valve 6 is connected to the bottle 16 via the expansion member 17 consisting of two hollow parts 18 and 19, substantially cylindrical, of different diameter. The part 18, of smaller diameter, is engaged in the housing 7 and is immobilized by the screw 20. The sealing at the level of this housing is ensured by the O-ring 21. The two parts 18 and 19 delimit the respective chambers 22 and 23 communicating through the calibrated orifice 24. The free end of the part 19 is closed using a cylindrical sleeve 25 mounted screw-glued. This sleeve, pierced longitudinally, is provided with a perforation needle 26 and comprises a cavity 27 intended to receive the collar of the bottle 16. The needle 26 opens into this cavity and during the perforation of the bottle 16, this is applied against the needle using a handle (not shown) to cause the piercing of the lid of the bottle. In the cavity 27, a hollow seal 28 with two lips is provided, one of which is placed at the bottom of the cavity and around the needle 26 and the other at the external wall around the neck of the bottle. 16. This structure has two advantages:
  • the hollow shape of the seal makes it possible to absorb the wide variations in length of the bottles which cannot be compensated for by the perforation system, and
  • - during a leak at the perforation, the gas fills the internal cavity 27. The pressure obtained in this cavity increases with the leak and taking into account that the seal 28 is trapped, the tightening of the external lip on the collar of the bottle increases proportionally. This produces a self-sealing.

Enfin, la valve 6 est actionnée de façon connue, lors de la séquence de tir, par un marteau de percussion 29.Finally, the valve 6 is actuated in a known manner, during the firing sequence, by a percussion hammer 29.

Le fonctionnement est le suivant. Lorsque la bouteille 16 est mise en place et perforée, le gaz est détendu dans la première chambre 23 de détente puis dans la seconde 22. Lors de cette détente brutale du gaz, la valve 6 est plaquée contre la butée 14 du siège 9. L'étanchéité est assurée et l'arme est prête à fonctionner. La commande du tir est réalisée classiquement par une détente (non représentée) qui libère le marteau de percussion 29 après introduction d'un projectile dans le canon par le piston d'introduction 3.The operation is as follows. When the bottle 16 is put in place and perforated, the gas is expanded in the first expansion chamber 23 and then in the second 22. During this sudden expansion of the gas, the valve 6 is pressed against the stop 14 of the seat 9. L watertightness is ensured and the weapon is ready to operate. The firing control is conventionally carried out by a trigger (not shown) which releases the percussion hammer 29 after introduction of a projectile into the barrel by the introduction piston 3.

Sur la figure 2, on a représenté une phase du tir après percussion de la tige 8 par le marteau 29. Le corps de valve est arrêté par la butée 30 constituée par l'extrémité de la partie 18. La distance séparant les butées 14 et 30 délimite la course de la valve. Le choc du marteau 29 sur la valve se traduit par un déplacement rapide de la valve dont la position extrême est schématisée sur la figure 2. Durant ce court temps d'ouverture, la quantité de gaz nécessaire passe de la chambre 22 à travers les ouvertures pratiquées dans le corps de la valve 6 (décrites ci-après en relation avec la figure 3), l'espace momentanément libre entre la butée 14 et la valve 6, le percement 13, et enfin les conduits 12 et 4. Le projectile 31, présent dans la chambre, est alors propulsé hors du canon 2. Le retour en position initiale de la valve 6 est obtenue par la combinaison de deux forces: d'une part les forces de réaction nées du choc de la valve sur la butée 30 et d'autre part, la pression de gaz s'exerçant sur le corps de la valve qui se conjuguent pour appliquer instantanément la valve sur la butée 14.FIG. 2 shows a phase of the firing after percussion of the rod 8 by the hammer 29. The valve body is stopped by the stop 30 formed by the end of the part 18. The distance separating the stops 14 and 30 defines the stroke of the valve. The impact of the hammer 29 on the valve results in a rapid displacement of the valve, the extreme position of which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2. During this short opening time, the quantity of gas required passes from the chamber 22 through the openings formed in the body of the valve 6 (described below in relation to FIG. 3), the momentarily free space between the stop 14 and the valve 6, the bore 13, and finally the conduits 12 and 4. The projectile 31 , present in the chamber, is then propelled out of the barrel 2. The return to the initial position of the valve 6 is obtained by the combination of two forces: on the one hand, the reaction forces arising from the impact of the valve on the stop 30 and on the other hand, the gas pressure exerted on the body of the valve which combine to instantaneously apply the valve to the stop 14.

Les essais effectués montrent que le volume de la chambre 23 peut être compris entre 5 et 7 cm3, celui de la chambre 22 étant inférieur de 5 à 7 fois. Le calibre de l'orifice trou 24 peut être compris entre 3 et 5 mm.The tests carried out show that the volume of the chamber 23 can be between 5 and 7 cm 3 , that of the chamber 22 being 5 to 7 times less. The size of the hole orifice 24 can be between 3 and 5 mm.

Enfin, il faut noter que même à des températures extrêmes de -15°C à + 40°C, où la pression de gaz varie de 20.105 Pa à 76.105 Pa, on obtient un fonctionnement satisfaisant de l'arme. En effet, la pression des gaz stockés en bouteille varie d'une part avec cette température d'utilisation et d'autre part avec le nombre de coups tirés. Chaque fois qu'un projectile est tiré, un certain volume de gaz est détendu, ce qui se traduit physiquement par une production de frigories. La chambre 23 assure alors un volume de détente procurant une homogénéisation de la détente du gaz après chaque coup tiré, et le diaphragme 24 régularise l'échange de gaz comprimé entre les chambres 22 et 23, puisque qu'une difé- rence de pression est créée entre elles au moment du tir en raison de la différence de leur volume.Finally, it should be noted that even at extreme temperatures from -15 ° C to + 40 ° C, where the gas pressure varies from 20.105 Pa to 76.105 Pa, satisfactory operation of the weapon is obtained. Indeed, the pressure of the gases stored in the bottle varies on the one hand with this temperature of use and on the other hand with the number of shots fired. Each time a projectile is fired, a certain volume of gas is released, which physically results in the production of frigories. The chamber 23 then provides an expansion volume providing homogenization of the expansion of the gas after each shot fired, and the diaphragm 24 regulates the exchange of compressed gas between chambers 22 and 23, since a pressure difference is created between them at the time of firing due to the difference in their volume.

Bien entendu, le marteau 29 et le piston 3 sont ramenés dans leur position d'origine, de façon connue, après libération de la détente et l'arme est prête pour un nouveau tir.Of course, the hammer 29 and the piston 3 are returned to their original position, in known manner, after release of the trigger and the weapon is ready for a new shot.

Sur la figure 3, on a représenté une coupe de la valve dont la tige 8 comporte un épaulement et une partie arrière cylindrique. Le corps 32 est muni de deux joues cylindriques 33 et 34 séparées par une nervure annulaire 35. La joue cylindrique 33 comporte des ouvertures 36 destinées au passage du fluide comprimé. Le diamètre de la joue 33 correspond au diamètre interne du logement 7 dans lequel la valve 6 est montée comme indiqué précédemment, de telle façon que cette valve soit mobile sous l'action du fluide comprimé agissant sur la face avant de la joue 33. La joue 34 est préférentiellement d'un diamètre inférieur à celui de la joue 33. Le corps 32 comprend un premier alésage conique prolongé par un second alésage cylindrique et à fond plat. Le diamètre du second alésage est prévu de façon à assurer le maintien et le blocage de la partie arrière de la tige, afin d'obtenir une solidarisation du corps et de la tige par simple serrage diamétral. Le premier alésage présente un fond muni d'un renflement annulaire convexe et reçoit un joint annulaire 37 comportant un percement axial.In Figure 3, there is shown a section of the valve, the rod 8 has a shoulder and a cylindrical rear part. The body 32 is provided with two cylindrical cheeks 33 and 34 separated by an annular rib 35. The cylindrical cheek 33 has openings 36 intended for the passage of the compressed fluid. The diameter of the cheek 33 corresponds to the internal diameter of the housing 7 in which the valve 6 is mounted as indicated above, so that this valve is mobile under the action of the compressed fluid acting on the front face of the cheek 33. The cheek 34 is preferably of a diameter smaller than that of cheek 33. The body 32 comprises a first conical bore extended by a second cylindrical bore and with a flat bottom. The diameter of the second bore is provided so as to maintain and block the rear part of the rod, in order to secure the body and the rod by simple diametric tightening. The first bore has a bottom provided with a convex annular bulge and receives an annular seal 37 comprising an axial bore.

Les dimensions du joint 37, de la partie arrière de la tige 8 et du premier alésage sont prévues de telle façon que, lors du montage de la tige 8 dans le corps 32 de la valve, une compression axiale et longitudinale du joint 37 soit obtenue, ce qui provoque un léger bombement de la surface libre du joint visible sur cette figure.The dimensions of the seal 37, the rear part of the rod 8 and the first bore are provided in such a way that, when the rod 8 is mounted in the body 32 of the valve, axial and longitudinal compression of the seal 37 is obtained , which causes a slight bulging of the free surface of the seal visible in this figure.

On a également représenté sur la figure 3 le logement 7 dans lequel est monté la valve, le siège 9 assurant le guidage de la tige 8. Le diamètre externe de la joue 33 est sensiblement égal au diamètre interne du logement 7 de façon à obtenir un guidage du corps 32 de valve dans ce logement. Ainsi, la valve est maintenue par l'intermédiaire de la tige 8 coulissant dans le siège 9 et de la joue 33 coulissant dans le logement 7. On notera l'absence d'étanchéité dynamique au niveau de la tige de valve et également au niveau de la tête du piston d'introduction 3 qui pénètre dans le canon. Seule une étanchéité statique est réalisée par les joints toriques identiques 11 et 21 (voir figure 1). De plus, le fonctionnement d'une arme équipée- de cette valve est semi-automatique sans un quelconque emprunt d'énergie à la réserve de gaz 16, ce qui diminurait ses performances.FIG. 3 also shows the housing 7 in which the valve is mounted, the seat 9 guiding the rod 8. The external diameter of the cheek 33 is substantially equal to the internal diameter of the housing 7 so as to obtain a guiding the valve body 32 in this housing. Thus, the valve is held by means of the rod 8 sliding in the seat 9 and the cheek 33 sliding in the housing 7. Note the lack of dynamic sealing at the valve rod and also at the level of the head of the introduction piston 3 which enters the barrel. Only a static seal is produced by the identical O-rings 11 and 21 (see Figure 1). In addition, the operation of a weapon equipped with this valve is semi-automatic without any borrowing of energy from the gas reserve 16, which reduced its performance.

Comme indiqué précédemment, la joue 33 est munie d'ouvertures 36 pratiquées à sa périphérie, mais on pourrait également les remplacer par des trous calibrés pratiqués dans l'épaisseur de la joue 33.As indicated above, the cheek 33 is provided with openings 36 made at its periphery, but it could also be replaced by calibrated holes made in the thickness of the cheek 33.

Sur la figure 4, on a représenté le cycle ouverture fermeture d'une valve classique équipée d'un ressort de rappel. On sait que pour des raisons de fermeture rapide de la valve, le marteau de percussion 29 possède, lorsqu'il vient en contact avec la tige 8 de la valve, un effort axial faible. On voit sur cette figure que la courbe d'ouverture espace-temps présente un profil sinusoïdal et que la sortie du projectile intervient au maximum de la courbe. La partie hachurée représente le volume de gaz comprimé perdu qui n'est pas utilisé dans la propulsion du projectile.In Figure 4, there is shown the opening opening cycle of a conventional valve equipped with a return spring. It is known that for reasons of rapid closure of the valve, the percussion hammer 29 has, when it comes into contact with the stem 8 of the valve, a low axial force. We see in this figure that the space-time opening curve has a sinusoidal profile and that the exit of the projectile occurs at the maximum of the curve. The hatched part represents the volume of compressed gas lost which is not used in the propulsion of the projectile.

Sur la figure 5, on a également représenté le cycle ouverture-fermeture de la valve selon l'invention. La valve 6 n'est pas rappelée par un ressort en position de fermeture comme c'est le cas dans toutes les armes de ce type. Le choc en position ouverte, par butée sur la face 30 située à une distance déterminée de l'extrémité de la tige 8 de la valve, provoque l'arrêt du mouvement d'ouverture et une inversion de sens. On voit que la courbe d'ouverture espace-temps présente un profil carré et que l'ouverture et la fermeture sont quasiinstan- tanées. La partie hachurée représentant la volume de gaz comprimé perdu est cette fois beaucoup moins important. Il s'ensuit que le rendement est plus élevé au regard du raport temps/volume de gaz libéré comparativement à une valve à ressort de rappel.In FIG. 5, the opening-closing cycle of the valve according to the invention has also been shown. The valve 6 is not recalled by a spring in the closed position as is the case in all weapons of this type. The shock in the open position, by abutment on the face 30 located at a determined distance from the end of the stem 8 of the valve, causes the opening movement to stop and a reversal of direction. We can see that the space-time opening curve has a square profile and that the opening and closing are almost instantaneous. The hatched part representing the volume of compressed gas lost is this time much less. It follows that the efficiency is higher with regard to the time / volume ratio of gas released compared to a spring return valve.

Cette configuration de la valve d'étanchéité, sans ressort, permet d'optimiser l'arme pour obtenir les meilleurs performances de vitesse du projectile qui caractérisent la précision et la portée de l'arme et son autonomie, c'est-à-dire le nombre de coups tirés pour une réserve de gaz carbonique standard. A cette particularité de conception, il faut associer le volume du gaz qui est emmagasiné à l'arrière de face de la valve, c'est-à-dire le volume de la chambre 22, et le calibrage de l'orifice 24 qui constitue la communication entre les chambres de détente 22 et 23. Ces paramètres ont une influence directe sur les temps d'ouverture-fermeture; ils coopèrent à la réalisation du cycle carré espace-temps, donc à l'optimisation des performances vitesse du projectile et autonomie bouteille.This configuration of the sealing valve, without spring, makes it possible to optimize the weapon to obtain the best speed performance of the projectile which characterizes the precision and the range of the weapon and its autonomy, that is to say the number of shots fired for a standard carbon dioxide reserve. With this design particularity, it is necessary to associate the volume of the gas which is stored at the rear face of the valve, that is to say the volume of the chamber 22, and the calibration of the orifice 24 which constitutes the communication between the expansion chambers 22 and 23. These parameters have a direct influence on the opening-closing times; they cooperate in the realization of the space-time square cycle, therefore in the optimization of the projectile speed and bottle autonomy performances.

Claims (9)

1. A device intended to feed with compressed gas a weapon of the type which includes a gas reserve (16), a valve (6) moving inside a housing (7) and a valve seat (9) located in this housing, holding and guiding the valve rod (8), and an expansion unit (17) interposed between the gas reserve (16) and the valve (6), characterized by the fact that the expansion unit comprises a first expansion chamber (23) communicating with the gas reserve (16) and a second chambers (22) communicating with the valve housing (7), the chambers being separated by a calibrated orifice (24), the valve being freely movable between a first stop (14) on which it is constantly applied by the gas pressure and a second stop (30) on which it is impacted by the percussion of the rod (8), the first stop (14) and the second stop (30) king constituted by the respective ends of the seat (9) and of the second chambers (22).
2. A device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the volume of the second chamber (22) is smaller than that of the first chamber (23).
3. A device as set forth in claim 2, wherein said both chambers are delimited by hollow cylindrical elements (18, 19).
4. A device as set forth in claim 3, wherein said cylinder (18) which constitutes the second chamber (22) is engaged into the valve housing (7), its end constituting the valve stop (30) so that the distance between the stop (14) of the seat (9) and the stop (30) determines the valve stroke.
5. A device as set forth in claim 4, wherein the motive power providing for the valve closing consists of the reaction force generated by the impact of the valve (6) onto the stop (30), on the one hand, and of the compressed gas pressure, on the other hand.
6. A device as set forth in anyone of claims 1 to 5, wherein said expansion unit (17) includes a sleeve (25) supporting a perforating needle (26) intended to pierce the gas reserve (16), the said sleeve including an open cavity (27) into which the needle protudes, and intended to accommodate the collar of the gas reserve.
7. A device as set forth in claim 6, wherein it includes a two-lip hollow seal (28) located in the cavity (27) of the sleeve (25), the first lip being brought to bear upon the gas reserve collar (16).
8. A device as set forth in claim 4, wherein the volume of the first chamber (23) ranges from 5 to 7 cm3, the volume of the second chamber (22) being 5 to 7 times smaller.
9. A device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the hole (24) ranges from 3 to 5 mm.
EP86402873A 1985-12-27 1986-12-19 Pressurized-gas supply in air guns Expired EP0228961B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86402873T ATE48187T1 (en) 1985-12-27 1986-12-19 COMPRESSED GAS FEED IN AIR GUNS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8519282 1985-12-27
FR8519282A FR2592471B1 (en) 1985-12-27 1985-12-27 COMPRESSED GAS SUPPLY DEVICE FOR WEAPONS.

Publications (3)

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EP0228961A2 EP0228961A2 (en) 1987-07-15
EP0228961A3 EP0228961A3 (en) 1987-09-30
EP0228961B1 true EP0228961B1 (en) 1989-11-23

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EP86402873A Expired EP0228961B1 (en) 1985-12-27 1986-12-19 Pressurized-gas supply in air guns

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US (1) US4819610A (en)
EP (1) EP0228961B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE48187T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3667099D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2592471B1 (en)

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DE4208416A1 (en) * 1992-03-16 1993-09-23 Mayer Grammelspach Dianawerk GAS PRESSURE ARMS
US5462042A (en) * 1993-10-29 1995-10-31 Greenwell; Andrew J. Semiautomatic paint ball gun
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US6226915B1 (en) 1998-03-25 2001-05-08 Thomas G. Kotsiopoulos Forward angled grip for hand-held weapons and the like
US5993215A (en) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-30 Kotsiopoulos; Thomas G. Training weapon with trigger actuated indicator light
US6314954B1 (en) 2000-05-13 2001-11-13 Chu-Tou Wang Toy gun for firing paint bullets
TW486092U (en) * 2001-04-11 2002-05-01 Guo-Dong Liang Continuous fire mode mechanism of a paint-gun
US8413644B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2013-04-09 Kee Action Sports I Llc Compressed gas gun having reduced breakaway-friction and high pressure dynamic separable seal and flow control and valving device
US7237545B2 (en) * 2002-03-06 2007-07-03 Aj Acquisition I Llc Compressed gas-powered projectile accelerator
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US7913679B2 (en) * 2004-06-10 2011-03-29 Kee Action Sports I Llc Valve assembly for a compressed gas gun
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0228961A3 (en) 1987-09-30
EP0228961A2 (en) 1987-07-15
DE3667099D1 (en) 1989-12-28
US4819610A (en) 1989-04-11
FR2592471A1 (en) 1987-07-03
FR2592471B1 (en) 1989-10-13
ATE48187T1 (en) 1989-12-15

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