EP0226046A1 - Hinge - Google Patents

Abstract

A hinge joint comprises a hinge leaf, a closure element, a knuckle bearing, a hinge bolt defining a hinge joint axis and pivotally mounting the closure element via the knuckle bearing, a hinge bearing having a base securable adjacent to an edge of an opening, the hinge bearing having legs between which the knuckle bearing is positioned and which carries the hinge bolt, the knuckle bearing having at least one first protrusion extending axially outwardly and arranged concentrically relative to the hinge bolt, one of the legs having an axially inwardly extending protrusion which axially overlaps the first protrusion, the hinge leaf together with the closure element being arranged so that it can be removed from the hinge bearing only after removal of the hinge bolt and after opening the closure element through a predetermined pivot angle, the first protrusion being annular, the second protrusion being formed as an enclosing retainer of one of the legs and arranged radially outside of one of the first protrusions, the enclosing retainer at at least one side face of the leg being provided with an access passage for the first protrusion, and cam means provided on the hinge leaf, so that only in a pivoted position of the closure element is a minimum dimension of the cam means extending perpendicular to the hinge joint axis with the hinge bolt removed, so that the passage of the first protrusion through an associated one of the access passages is possible.

Description

The invention relates to a hinge according to the preamble of claim 1.

A known door hinge of this type with a vertical hinge axis and a customs security is shown in DE Offenlegungsschrift 32 45 205. There every second projection is cylindrical and each first projection is designed as a shell. When the door is closed, each shell engages under the associated circular cylindrical second projection. When the hinge pin is removed, the shells disengage from the second projections even after the door leaf has been opened relatively little, putting operators at risk because the door leaf can tilt and fall off prematurely. This can also damage the hinges, door leaves and door frames.

The invention has for its object to secure the hinge against unauthorized opening of the closing element, So in particular to ensure customs, manipulation and theft protection, and the operational security. the hinge with the hinge pin removed. This object is achieved in particular by the characterizing features of claim 1. In principle, any inclination of the hinge axis, and in particular its horizontal or vertical arrangement, can be realized. The hinges according to the invention are therefore equally suitable for doors and lids of containers, vehicles and containers. Customs security is provided in all applications of the hinge according to the invention. The customs officer always has an unimpeded view of the hinge parts that serve to ensure customs security. Manipulations on these parts are therefore easily detectable from the outside by the customs official. In general, the good view of the hinge provides a high level of security against unauthorized opening of the closing element, in particular against manipulation and theft. In addition, the operational safety of the new hinge has increased considerably. The hinge leaf and thus the door leaf or cover attached to it, is secured against unintentional falling out of the hinge bearing over the largest part of its possible swivel angle range even when the hinge pin is removed. This is ensured by the special relative design of the first and second protrusion and their interaction with the cam means. In practice, it can be achieved that the door leaf or the cover can only be removed from the hinge bearing or inserted into the hinge bearing at a very specific first pivoting angle, which can be defined with an arbitrarily small tolerance. This particular pivot angle is known to the operators, so that when the hinge pin is removed, special attention of the operators is only required at this specific pivot angle in order to mount or dismantle the door leaf or lid.

According to claim 2, the first projections can be circular, while the cam is favorable Can extend over the entire axial length of the bearing head to the first projections. In this way a secure locking mechanism is achieved in all swivel angle ranges: with the exception of the above-mentioned specific swivel angle, in which the closing element is assembled and disassembled ...

The training according to claim 3 enables a particularly simple design of the bearing head with the same functional security.

The protective edge according to claim 4 offers additional protection against unauthorized manipulation, in particular by sawing, at the transition.

The features of claim 5 serve to further increase operational safety. Assembly and disassembly of the hinge leaf must take place relative to the hinge bearing while changing the direction of the working movement. On the one hand, this increases the concentration of the operating personnel and, on the other hand, prevents the closing element from accidentally falling off the hinge bearing.

According to claim 6, the bearing bush can e.g. consist of bearing metal or a plastic mesh. The material of the bearing bush is optimally selected according to the respective operating conditions.

The feature of claim 7 increases operational safety. When the hinge pin is removed, the locking element cannot fall out of the hinge bearing in an uncontrolled manner.

Rather, the closing element must be deliberately lifted up out of the hinge bearing or inserted into the hinge bearing from above. It is then held there securely until the hinge pin is mounted and secured.

The training according to claim 8 ensures high operational security and in most cases sufficient verifiability by the customs officials.

According to claim 9, visual inspection is made easier for those interested. In addition, an inadvertent falling out of the closing element when the hinge pin is removed is excluded, in particular if the hinge pin is designed.

• Fig. 1 die Draufsicht auf ein Scharnier mit senkrechter Scharnierachse,
• Fig. 2 die Ansicht gemäß Linie II-II in Fig. 1, teilweise als Schnitt,
• Fig. 3 die Schnittansicht nach Linie III-III in Fig. 4,
• Fig. 4 die Ansicht gemäß Linie IV-IV in Fig. 1, teilweise im Schnitt, und gegenüber Fig. 1 um 90° im Uhrzeigersinn gedreht,
• Fig. 5 die Fig. 4 entsprechende Ansicht eines anderen Scharniers mit ebenfalls senkrechter Scharnierachse,
• Fig. 6 die Schnittansicht nach Linie VI-VI in Fig. 5,
• Fig. 7 einen der Fig. 2 entsprechenden Querschnitt durch ein wiederum anderes Scharnier mit waagerechter Scharnierachse,
• Fig. 8 einen Fig. 3 entsprechenden Querschnitt durch das Scharnierlager des Scharniers gemäß Fig. 7,
• Fig. 9 einen Fig. 8 entsprechenden Querschnitt durch ein anderes Scharnierlager eines Scharniers mit wiederum waagerechter Scharnierachse und
• Fig. 10 einen der Fig. 3 entsprechenden Querschnitt durch ein wiederum anderes Scharnierlager eines Scharniers mit senkrechter Scharnierachse.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of several exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It shows:

• 1 is a top view of a hinge with a vertical hinge axis,
• 2 shows the view along line II-II in FIG. 1, partly as a section,
• 3 shows the sectional view along line III-III in FIG. 4,
• 4 shows the view according to line IV-IV in FIG. 1, partly in section, and rotated 90 ° clockwise relative to FIG. 1,
• 5 corresponding view of another hinge with a likewise vertical hinge axis,
• 6 shows the sectional view along line VI-VI in FIG. 5,
• 7 shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 2 through yet another hinge with a horizontal hinge axis,
• 8 a cross section corresponding to FIG. 3 through the hinge bearing of the hinge according to FIG. 7,
• 9 a cross section corresponding to FIG. 8 through another hinge bearing of a hinge with again a horizontal hinge axis and
• FIG. 10 shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 3 through yet another hinge bearing of a hinge with a vertical hinge axis.

1 shows a hinge 1 for a closing element 2, in this case designed as a door leaf, for an opening 3 of a container 4. On the closing element 2, round-head screws with square shoulder 5 according to DIK 603, of which only one is shown in FIG. 1, a ... hinge leaf 6 attached. The hinge leaf 6 is pivotally mounted with a bearing head 7 on a hinge pin 9 defining the hinge axis 8.

A hinge bearing 11 with a base 12 is welded to a frame 10 of the container 4 defining the opening 3 at the edge of the opening 3. The hinge bearing 11 has legs 13 and 14, between which the bearing head 7 is arranged and which carry the hinge pin 9. A nut 15 of the hinge pin 9 is secured by a spring ring 16 and a welding point 17.

The bearing head 7 has two annular first projections 18 and 19 which extend axially outwards and are concentric with the hinge pin 9. The legs 13, 14 are each provided with an axially inwardly extending second projection 20 and 21, which axially overlaps the associated first projection 18, 19. Each second projection 20, 21 is designed as a circumferential holder which is arranged radially outside the associated first projection 18, 19 and, according to FIG. 2, has a passage opening 23 for the associated first projection 19 on an end face 22 of the leg 14. A similar passage opening for the first projection 18 is located on the leg 13.

The hinge leaf 6 is provided with a stiffening rib 24 in its longitudinal direction. The hinge leaf 6 could also be welded to the closing element 2 instead of being fastened by the round-head screws with a square shoulder 5.

A transition 25 and 26 facing away from the base 12 from the bearing head 7 to the first projections 18, 19 is by a protective edge 27 and 28 on the associated second one. Projection 20, 21 covered. It is therefore impossible to saw through the hinge in the area of the transitions 25, 26 without this manipulation being noticed by the interested parties; . would.

Between the hinge pin 9 on the one hand and the bearing head 7 and the first projections 18, 19 on the other hand, a bearing bush 29 made of a fabric impregnated with plastic is arranged.

2 shows the closing element 2 with the hinge leaf 6 with solid lines in the closed position, in which an axis 30 of the hinge leaf 6 is inclined as indicated. According to FIG. 2, the closing element 2 and the hinge leaf 6 can be pivoted from this closed position counterclockwise about the hinge axis 8 into the limit position indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 2, in which the closing element 2 runs practically parallel to the outer wall of the container 4 . In this limit position, the stiffening rib 24 is partially immersed in a complementary recess 31 in the base 12. One half of this recess 31 can be seen in another view in FIG. 4.

The closing element 2 with the hinge leaf 6 can be moved during operation between the two limit positions shown in FIG. 2. The closed closing element 2 with its hinge leaves 6 is ge _si - chert. Even if the hinge pin 9 were removed from the hinge 1 without authorization, the closing element 2 would not be able to be lifted out because the first projections 18, 19 would then abut the surrounding second projections 20, 21. It would be sufficient for this securing if only the first projection 19 and the associated second projection 21 were present. The hinge leaf 6 is supported by the first projection 19 Vertical arrangement of the hinge axis b in the sense of an axial bearing on the leg 14 of the hinge bearing 11.

If the closing element 2 is now to be removed from the container 4. are taken, the hinge pin 9 is removed in each associated hinge 1. The closing element 2. is pivoted by a first pivoting angle 32 (FIG. 2), the size of which is determined depending on the structural features of the closing element 2 and the container 4. that can. After this pivoting, the axis 30 assumes the .. pivoting position 30 '. In this pivoting position 30 'there is a flattest point 33 of a cam 34 formed on the bearing head 7 in close proximity to a stop surface 35 of the base 12. Between the flattest point 33 of the cam 34 and a diametrically opposite point 36 on the circumference of the first projection 18 defines a minimum dimension 37, which is smaller than the clear width of the passage opening 23. If the difference between the passage opening 23 and the minimum dimension 37 is almost zero, the closing element 2 with its hinge leaves 6 can practically only be moved through the passage openings 23 in their axial position 30 '. The greater the aforementioned difference is made, the greater is the tolerance angle on both sides of the axis position 30 'within which the closing element 2 with its hinge leaves 6 can be assembled or disassembled relative to the hinge bearings 11. This definition of an assembly or disassembly position for the closing element 2 to be kept within any narrow limits increases the operational safety considerably. The operating personnel knows that only in this known assembly or disassembly position is there a risk that the closing element 2 can accidentally fall out of the hinge bearings 11 when the hinge pin 9 is removed or can be assembled or disassembled.

The cam 34 is expediently formed over the entire axial length of the bearing head 7 and in such a way that that it is substantially circular and is formed towards the flattest point 33 with a decreasing radius. Fig. 3 shows the hinge leaf 6 in two positions important for assembly and disassembly, in which the axis is in the pivot position 30 '. The upper hinge leaf 6 in FIG. 3 is to be removed from the hinge bearing 11. The hinge pin has already been removed. The hinge leaf 6 is now the flattest. Place 33 in contact with the stop surface 35 of the base .. 12. Then the flattest point 33 in FIG. 3 is moved downward parallel to the stop surface 35 until the hinge leaf 6 according to its lower dash-dotted representation in FIG. 3 is straight through the passage opening 23 passes through. Instead of this right-angled movement change when the hinge leaf is removed from the hinge bearing 11, the longitudinal axis of the bearing head can also be moved on a quarter circle 3b entered in FIG. 3. Of course, all other types of movement between these two limit movements are also conceivable.

In all positions beyond the axis position 30 '- and possibly beyond a tolerance angle around this limit position 30' - the hinge leaf 6 cannot be removed from the hinge bearing 11 when the hinge pin 9 has been removed. In these other pivot positions, either a back 39 or the cam 34 in cooperation with the stop surface 35 on the one hand and the first projection 18 in cooperation with the lower edge of the passage opening 23 in FIG. 2 on the other hand prevents removal of the hinge leaf 6 from the hinge bearing 11.

In the following exemplary embodiments, the same parts as in the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 to 4 are provided with the same reference numbers.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the bearing bush 29 consists of bearing metal. Furthermore, in this exemplary embodiment, a protective edge corresponding to the protective edges 27, 28 in the previously described exemplary embodiment is dispensed with.

Fig. 6 illustrates at the three different positions of the hinge leaf 6 shown in dash-dotted lines that the hinge leaf 6 can also be assembled and disassembled relative to the hinge bearing 11 at a relatively small first pivoting angle (see FIG. 32 in FIG. 2). In this case, only the flattest point 33 of the cam 34 lies at a different circumferential point than in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4. All other functions of the previously described exemplary embodiment are also retained in FIGS. 5 and 6.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8, a hinge axis 40 is arranged horizontally. The hinge leaves 6 here carry a closure element 41 designed as a lid for the opening 42 of a container 43. The passage opening 23 is located at the bottom of the hinge bearing 11. The design and function of the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 are the same as those according to FIG. 1 to 4.

The hinge bearing 11 according to FIG. 9 is designed without a protective edge corresponding to the protective edges 27 and 28 in FIGS. 7 and 6. However, such a protective edge can also be provided in FIG. 9.

The second projection 21 on the leg 14 according to FIG. 9 has crenellations distributed over the circumference of the leg 14 like sections 44 on. A circumferential opening 45 is defined in each case between adjacent sections 44 and between one of the sections 44 and the stop surface 35 of the base 12. The clear width of each circumferential opening 45 is smaller than a smallest dimension 46, in the case of FIG. 9 the diameter, of the first projection 19. Although the first projection 19 is therefore practical. is seen _s ierten on the entire circumference of the leg 14 of the interests, the first protrusion 19 with a removed hinge pin can still not inadvertently fall out of the hinge bearing. 11 Rather, the hinge leaf 6 must first be pivoted clockwise to remove it from the hinge bearing 11 from the closed position not shown in FIG. 9, in which the closing element 41, as shown in FIG. 9, closes the opening 42. This pivoting brings the axis 30 of the hinge leaf 6 from its closed position into the assembly and disassembly position 30 '. The first swivel angle 32 covered thereby is smaller than the first swivel angle 32 required for mounting and dismounting the hinge leaf 6 according to FIG. 7. However, it is not necessary for the first swivel angle 32 according to FIG. 9 to be smaller than that according to FIG. 7. This is solely a question of the constructive design and the design of the cam 34, as has already been explained.

In the case of FIG. 9, the passage opening 23 is only provided on the top of the leg 14, so that the hinge leaf 6 and thus the closing element 41 can only be removed upwards, for example on the quarter circle 38. The same applies mutatis mutandis in the opposite direction for the assembly of the closing element 41 and the hinge leaf 6. As a result, the risk of accidents is reduced in some applications and operation is facilitated.

The hinge bearing 11 shown in full lines in FIG. 10 has a vertical hinge axis 8, but could also be designed in the same way with a horizontal hinge axis.

In the case of FIG. 10, two opposite through openings 47 and 48 are provided on the leg 14. are bounded on both sides by portions of the second projection 21.

10, a cam 49 is formed on the first projection 19. A minimum dimension 50 in the case of FIG. 10 is defined exclusively by the cam 49 and thus by the first projection 19.

In Fig. 10, the closing element 2 is indicated in its closed position, in which the axis 30 of the hinge leaf 6 is as shown in Fig. 10. If the closing element 2 with the hinge leaf 6 is now pivoted counterclockwise by the first pivot angle 32, the axis is in the pivot position 30 '. In this pivoted position, the hinge leaf 6 indicated by dash-dotted lines can either come out of the passage opening 47 or out of the passage opening 48, e.g. on the quarter circle 38, are removed from the hinge bearing 11. A larger or smaller first pivot angle 32 could also be used, but then the cam 49 would have to be arranged on the hinge leaf 6 in such a way that the minimum dimension 50 in the assembly and disassembly position is at least approximately parallel to the passage opening 47 or 48 in question.

In FIG. 10, one of the passage openings 47, 48 could also be made impassable for the cam 49 either by continuously forming the second projection 21 or by inserting a section corresponding to the sections 44 in FIG. 9.

On the other hand, the legs 13, 14 of all of the previously described exemplary embodiments could also have two opposite. horizontal passage openings corresponding to the passage openings 47, 48 in Fig. 10 are equipped. In the training _f ü _h approximately example of FIG. 10 so the bearing head 7 of the hinge bearing 11 enters the hinge leaf 6 never in contact with the base 12.

Claims (9)

1. hinge (1), in particular for closing elements (2; 41), such as doors and lids, for openings (3; 42) of containers (4), vehicles and containers (43), with one on the closing element (2; 41 ) attached hinge leaf (6) which is pivotably mounted with a bearing head (7) on a hinge pin (9) defining the hinge axis (8; 40), and with a base (12) at the edge of the opening (3; 42) attached hinge bearing (11) with legs (13, 14) between which the bearing head (7) is arranged and which carry the hinge pin (9), the bearing head (7) at least one axially extending to the hinge pin ( 9) has a concentric, first projection (18, 19), at least one of the legs (13, 14) having a second projection that extends axially inward and axially overlaps the first projection (18, 19) (20, 21), and after removal of the hinge pin (9) and only after opening the closing element (2; 41) by a first pivot angle (32), the hinge leaf (6) with the closing element (2; 41) from the hinge bearing (11) can be removed, characterized in that each first projection (18, 19) is ring-shaped, that each second projection (20,21) is arranged as a radial holder of the associated leg (13 , 14) which, on at least one end face (22) of the leg (13, 14), has a passage opening (23; 47, 48) for the associated first projection (18, 19), that on the hinge leaf (6) cam means (cf. 34; 49) are provided, and that only in the pivot position of the closing element (2; 41) corresponding to the first pivot angle (32) does a minimum dimension (37; 50) of the cam means extend at right angles to the hinge axis (8; 40) with the hinge pin (9) removed Permitting the at least one first projection (18, 19) to move through the associated passage opening (23; 47, 48). 2. Hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that the cam means have a on the bearing head (7), with a stop surface (35) of the base (12) of the hinge bearing (11) cooperating cams (34), and in that the first pivot angle (32) corresponding pivot position of the closing element (2; 41) the minimum dimension defined by the cam (34) and the first projection (18,19) (37) is arranged at least approximately parallel to the passage opening (23). 3. Hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that the cam means one on the at least a first. Have projection (18, 19) arranged cams (49), and that in the pivot position of the closing element (2) corresponding to the first pivot angle (32), the minimum dimension (50) defined by the cam (49) is at least approximately parallel to the passage opening (47 , 4b) is arranged. 4. Hinge according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that when the hinge pin (9) is inserted, at least one circumferential region of a transition (25, 26) facing away from the base (12) of the hinge bearing (11) from the bearing head (7) the at least one first projection (18, 19) is covered by a protective edge (27, 28) of the associated circumferential holder of the hinge bearing (11). 5. Hinge according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that when the hinge pin (9) is inserted, a distance of the hinge axis (8; 40) from the base (12) of the hinge bearing (11) is greater than the minimum dimension (37; 50) is. 6. Hinge according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that between the hinge pin (9) on the one hand and the bearing head (7) and the at least one first projection (18,19) on the other hand, a bearing bush (29) is arranged. 7. Hinge according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that with a horizontal hinge axis (40), the passage opening (23) on the relevant leg (14, Fig. 9) of the hinge bearing (11) only above is provided. b. Hinge according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the peripheral bracket is designed continuously ... Lich. 9. Hinge according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each circumferential bracket has at least two sections (44) of the second projection (20,21) that by the pieces (44) on the circumference of the associated leg (13,14) Circumferential openings (45) are defined, and that the clear width of each circumferential opening (45) is smaller than a smallest dimension (46) of the associated first projection (18, 19) perpendicular to the hinge axis (40).

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