EP0221028B1 - Verfahren zur Entseuchung von Vorrichtungen oder anderen Stoffen, vergiftet durch PCB oder andere Gift- und Schadstoffe - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Entseuchung von Vorrichtungen oder anderen Stoffen, vergiftet durch PCB oder andere Gift- und Schadstoffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0221028B1
EP0221028B1 EP86830132A EP86830132A EP0221028B1 EP 0221028 B1 EP0221028 B1 EP 0221028B1 EP 86830132 A EP86830132 A EP 86830132A EP 86830132 A EP86830132 A EP 86830132A EP 0221028 B1 EP0221028 B1 EP 0221028B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
autoclave
solvent
pcb
decontamination
toxic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86830132A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0221028A1 (de
Inventor
Mario Coppo
Piera Tacchina
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ECOLSIR Srl
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ECOLSIR Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ECOLSIR Srl filed Critical ECOLSIR Srl
Priority to AT86830132T priority Critical patent/ATE65925T1/de
Publication of EP0221028A1 publication Critical patent/EP0221028A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0221028B1 publication Critical patent/EP0221028B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
    • C10G21/006—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents of waste oils, e.g. PCB's containing oils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for decontaminating apparatus, particularly electrical apparatus, contaminated by toxic and noxious substances.
  • noxious contaminants are arsenic compounds, chlorinated compounds, etc., but especially polychlorobiphenyls and dioxin.
  • polychlorobiphenyl As is known, polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) has physical and chemical properties which make it very suitable for a large range of applications.
  • aromatic chlorinated compounds possess very good chemical and dielectric properties and heat stability.
  • polychlorobiphenyls are very stable, in general chemically inert, compounds and they do not react under normal conditions, so that only when in presence of reagents and under extreme reactive conditions they give rise to the formation of new compounds.
  • PCB was used as an electro-insulating fluid for transformers and condensers, as an industrial fluid for use in coolants for machine operations, in hydraulic systems and vacuum pumps. It is also utilizable as a flame retardant, heat transfer agent and plasticizer.
  • PCB are a class of compounds which, even though present in small amounts, are very toxic towards living cells and they produce systematic toxic effects. Comparatively recent research work has shown PCB as being a possible carcinogen and inducing neoplastic changes in mice.
  • PCB accumulates in aliments owing to its solubility in fatty tissues and its resistance to chemical degradation.
  • problems with PCB are that PCB is soluble in fats, is stored in animal lipids and tends to be concentrated in foods in high quantities.
  • resistance of PCB to thermal, chemical and biological degradation has contributed to its accumulation, particularly in industrial environments.
  • the very low biodegradation rates and the high resistance to metabolic changes of PCB are causes for ecological and pollution problems, so that measures have to be taken for elimination thereof.
  • the system only used for eliminating PCB is incineration but incinerators are very expensive and cause further problems to arise.
  • PCB is usually destroyed by incineration at high temperatures, say in excess of 1100°C with long residence times in the incinerators being required.
  • European Patent No. 98 811 discloses a method of decontamination from PCB which is carried out completely under vacuum with solvent vapours.
  • the curve of the solvent vapour temperature versus time in the autoclave is stepped with steps vertically extending, that is, the solvent vapour temperature in the autoclave and therefore the transformer temperature is increased or decreased by vertical steps.
  • the autoclave there is never liquid solvent, but only solvent vapours and the transformer is never cooled by liquid solvent.
  • US Patent No. 4,425,949 discloses a method of removal of undesirable substances, such as water, PCBs and air from the internal components of electrical devices, such as transformers. This method is carried out any time under vacuum and with solvent vapours in the transformer itself. This method does not carry out a decontamination, but a washing under vacuum and with solvent vapours. In fact, the transformer is treated in order to obtain a drying and degassing under vacuum of the components thereof by employing the condensating and heating process (vapour phase process).
  • An object of this invention is therefore to obviate also this latter disadvantage by providing a process for the decontamination of apparatus contaminated with toxic and noxious substances which requires a very reduced time over that involved in said other processes, while retaining efficiency of these latter.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a process for the decontamination of apparatus which enables recovery of the solvent to be achieved in an automatic cycle without requiring any integrating distillation.
  • the process according to this invention for the decontamination of apparatus being contaminated by toxic and noxious substances comprises:
  • This method permits an apparatus to be decontaminated. in a matter of a few hours, the apparatus being decontaminated to a residual contaminant content of less than 50 ppm.
  • a plant that comprises an autoclave A having a condenser C at its upper part, the condenser C forming a top wall for said autoclave.
  • a check valve V6 permitting the air in the autoclave to pass out thereof.
  • An apparatus to be decontaminated such for example as an electric transformer generally designated at T, is introduced into the autoclave by the aid of a basket D.
  • An orifice E is provided in the bottom of the autoclave and communicates the autoclave with an outlet pipe U branching into three pipe legs R1, R2, R8.
  • the pipe leg R1 is connected via a valve V1 and a circulating pump P1 to a pure liquid solvent tank SL
  • the pipe leg R2 is connected via a valve V2 and a circulating pump P2 to a tank SR for collecting the solvent having the contaminant dissolved therein
  • the pipe leg R8 leads to discharge via a valve V8.
  • the collecting tank SR is connected through a pipe R3 and associated pump P3, to a distillation column Z which is designed for the distillation of the contaminant-containing solvent and from which pure solvent fractions in the form of vapors are supplied through a pipe R4, a pump P4 and a three-way valve V4, to either the condenser CO via a pipe R5, or the inlet G to autoclave A via a pipe R6.
  • the pure solvent vapors condensed in condenser CO are supplied to the pure solvent tank SL through pipe R7 and pump P5.
  • a valve V5 permits the residues of distillation to be discharged.
  • an ultrasonic generator US which operates to cause a short ultrasonic discharge to pass through the autoclave walls with the purpose of enhancing solubility of contaminant in the solvent and ability of the solvent to penetrate porous materials.
  • the autoclave A is closed to tightness and supply of pure liquid solvent from tank SL to the bottom of autoclave A commences to take place through pipe branch R1 and tube U via circulating pump P1 and valve V1, the valves V2 and V8 being closed.
  • the solvent commences to dissolve said substance.
  • valve V1 is closed and a ultrasonic discharge is effected from ultrasonic generator US whereupon valve V2 is opened so that liquid solvent, with the contaminant dissolved therein, is withdrawn by extracting pump P2 to be conveyed to receiving tan, SR.
  • valve V2 is closed and thereafter valve V4 is opened to permit a stream of hot (50° - 80°C) solvent vapors from distiller Z to be admitted to the autoclave via the pipe R6.
  • the solvent vapors flow upwardly and upon reaching the toy of autoclave they commence to condense under effect of condenser C to fall down in the form of droplets.
  • valve V4 is operated so as to permit solvent vapors to enter the condenser CO whereupon condensed pure liquid solvent formed in this condenser is supplied back to tank SL through pipe R7 and pump P5.
  • the solvent vapors injected into the autoclave act on the treated apparatus in such a manner as to remove contaminant particles from the most hidden interstices of said apparatus.
  • valve V1 is re-opened to admit again fresh liquid solvent to the autoclave via the circulating pump P1.
  • the fresh liquid solvent entering the autoclave causes the solvent vapors still contained therein to condense and this condensate is mixed with the liquid solvent which is rising to fill the autoclave A.
  • the procedure described above is repeated for a two-three cycles until the amount of contaminant on the apparatus or the material is reduced to below 50 ppm.
  • the time for performing this process of decontamination is about 10h, which is far below that required by the prior art decontamination processes.
  • the most suitable solvents for use in the process of this invention are, in general, the chlorinated compounds of paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbons which have a high dissolving power towards the above mentioned contaminants, in particular use being made of perchloro-ethylene for the olefinic chlorinated hydrocarbons and of 1,1,1-trichloroethane for the paraffinic chlorinated hydrocarbons.
  • a control station which is designed to govern all of the decontaminating and other related operations in a predetermined automatic sequence such that a very reduced personnel is required for operation of the plant.
  • the apparatus or the material to be decontaminated is always immersed in the solvent.
  • the ultrasonic discharge whereby a pulsating movement is transmitted to the liquid solvent to cause it to penetrate more and more deep the inaccessible recesses or interstices in the apparatus or material to be treated, such that, upon extracting solvent from the autoclave the extracted solvent already contains contaminant to a large amount.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Verfahren zur Entseuchung von Vorrichtungen oder anderen Stoffen, vergiftet durch PCB oder anderen Gift- und Schadstoffen, insbesondere PCB und Dioxin, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man
    a) die zu entseuchende Vorrichtung in einen mit einem oberen Kondensator versehenen Autoklaven einführt;
    b) den Autoklaven abdichtet;
    c) ein flüssiges Lösungsmittel in den Autoklaven bis zum Anfüllen einführt;
    d) eine Ultraschallentladung am Autoklaven, der das Lösungsmittel enthält, anbringt, um die Lösung des Verseuchungsstoffes im Lösungsmittel herbeizuführen;
    e) das den aufgelösten Verseuchungsstoff enthaltende Lösungsmittel aus dem Autoklaven abfließen läßt, wobei gleichzeitig ein Vakuum darin hergestellt wird;
    f) Lösungsmitteldämpfe in den Autoklaven einspritzt, bis diese nach dem Erhitzen der Vorrichtung, den oberen Kondensator erreicht haben, wo die Dämpfe zu kondensieren beginnen;
    g) die Einspritzung der Dämpfe bei Beginn ihrer Kondensierung am oberen Kondensator unterbricht;
    h) erneut flüssiges Lösungsmittel in den Autoklaven bis er angefüllt wird und die Lösungsmitteldämpfe kondensiert werden einführt, um die Vorrichtung abzukühlen;
    i) die Stufen d) bis h) für einige Zyklen wiederholt, so daß die Vorrichtung wechselweise einer Wäsche mit dem Lösungsmittel in der flüssigen bzw. in der Dampfphase, unter Vakuum, ausgesetzt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lösungsmitteldämpfe außerhalb des Autoklaven erzeugt und alsdann in denselben eingespritzt werden, um die Vorrichtung zu erhitzen und zu waschen.
EP86830132A 1985-10-24 1986-05-20 Verfahren zur Entseuchung von Vorrichtungen oder anderen Stoffen, vergiftet durch PCB oder andere Gift- und Schadstoffe Expired EP0221028B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86830132T ATE65925T1 (de) 1985-10-24 1986-05-20 Verfahren zur entseuchung von vorrichtungen oder anderen stoffen, vergiftet durch pcb oder andere gift- und schadstoffe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT22607/85A IT1190411B (it) 1985-10-24 1985-10-24 Procedimento per il disinquinamento di apparecchiature o altri materiali contaminati con pcb o altre sostanze tossiche e nocive
IT2260785 1985-10-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0221028A1 EP0221028A1 (de) 1987-05-06
EP0221028B1 true EP0221028B1 (de) 1991-08-07

Family

ID=11198380

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86830132A Expired EP0221028B1 (de) 1985-10-24 1986-05-20 Verfahren zur Entseuchung von Vorrichtungen oder anderen Stoffen, vergiftet durch PCB oder andere Gift- und Schadstoffe

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0221028B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE65925T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3680744D1 (de)
IT (1) IT1190411B (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0290098B1 (de) * 1987-05-07 1990-11-14 Micafil Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Extrahieren von Oel oder polychloriertem Biphenyl aus imprägnierten elektrischen Teilen mittels eines Lösungsmittels sowie Destillation des Lösungsmittels
DE3715235A1 (de) * 1987-05-07 1988-11-24 Micafil Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum extrahieren von oel oder polychloriertem biphenyl aus impraegnierten elektrischen teilen mittels eines loesungsmittels sowie zur destillation des loesungsmittels
FR2615763A2 (fr) * 1987-05-27 1988-12-02 Pioch Rene Amelioration au nettoyage d'appareils complexes enfermes dans une cuve par des vibrations orientees
FR2617724B1 (fr) * 1987-07-06 1989-11-24 Vigneron Andre Procede de decontamination des appareils electriques renfermant des residus de polychlorobiphenyls et dispositif de decontamination
FR2634674B1 (fr) * 1988-08-01 1991-02-22 Sepulcre Patrick Procede de revalorisation des composants d'appareils electriques renfermant des residus de polychlorobiphenyles et dispositifs de traitement
EP0424561A1 (de) * 1989-10-25 1991-05-02 Ing. Hubert Maldaner GmbH Vorrichtung zum Imprägnieren von Werkstücken aus porösem Material
DE4019598A1 (de) * 1990-06-20 1992-01-02 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reinigung von kontaminierten stoffen und geraeten
FR2708876B1 (fr) * 1993-08-13 1995-11-03 Branson Ultrasons Machine de nettoyage-rinçage-séchage de pièces industrielles.
DE4320711A1 (de) * 1993-06-23 1995-01-05 Peter Rusbuelt Verfahren zum Reinigen von Transformatoren
DE4429391A1 (de) * 1994-08-11 1996-02-15 Boehme Elektr Recycling Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung PCB-haltiger Kondensatoren
IT1281893B1 (it) * 1995-06-06 1998-03-03 Tecno Farm Srl Procedimento per il risciacquo e/o l'asciugatura in ambiente pressurizzato di oggetti in precedenza lavati, ed impianto per
ITMI20120073A1 (it) * 2012-01-24 2013-07-25 D E L Co S R L Procedimento e relativo impianto per la decontaminazione sicura e veloce di materiali porosi e non contaminati da pcb

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3435835A (en) * 1967-05-10 1969-04-01 American Home Prod Cap washing machine
US4425949A (en) * 1981-02-03 1984-01-17 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Process for removing undesirable substances from electrical devices
US4483717A (en) * 1981-10-08 1984-11-20 Olmsted John H Method of removing adsorbent contaminants from electrical apparatus
IT1157287B (it) * 1982-07-02 1987-02-11 Vittorio Colombini Procedimento per il disinquinamento di apparecchiature elettriche-meccaniche da poli-cloro-difenile
DE3339048A1 (de) * 1983-10-27 1985-05-09 Nea Nuclear Engineering Fuer A Verfahren zur dekontamination von feststoffkoerpern, sowie vorrichtung und ultraschallquelle zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8522607A0 (it) 1985-10-24
ATE65925T1 (de) 1991-08-15
IT1190411B (it) 1988-02-16
DE3680744D1 (de) 1991-09-12
EP0221028A1 (de) 1987-05-06

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