EP0220301A1 - Appareil de chauffage avec bruleur et echangeur de chaleur. - Google Patents

Appareil de chauffage avec bruleur et echangeur de chaleur.

Info

Publication number
EP0220301A1
EP0220301A1 EP86903312A EP86903312A EP0220301A1 EP 0220301 A1 EP0220301 A1 EP 0220301A1 EP 86903312 A EP86903312 A EP 86903312A EP 86903312 A EP86903312 A EP 86903312A EP 0220301 A1 EP0220301 A1 EP 0220301A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
combustion
ignition
combustion chamber
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86903312A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0220301B1 (fr
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Francke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FRANCKE KARL HEINZ
Original Assignee
FRANCKE KARL HEINZ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FRANCKE KARL HEINZ filed Critical FRANCKE KARL HEINZ
Priority to AT86903312T priority Critical patent/ATE55180T1/de
Publication of EP0220301A1 publication Critical patent/EP0220301A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0220301B1 publication Critical patent/EP0220301B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/06—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
    • F23Q7/08—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners for evaporating and igniting liquid fuel, e.g. in hurricane lanterns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heater with a burner for liquid or gaseous fuels with a combustion chamber, an ignition chamber open to the combustion chamber, an ignition device in the ignition chamber, devices for supplying fuel and air to the ignition chamber and a heat exchanger connected to the combustion chamber.
  • the invention relates to a heater for heating recreation rooms, e.g. for oil heating for residential buildings.
  • Known heaters rely on sensitive nozzles or atomizers for mixture preparation, which can wear out and are prone to failure. They take up a lot of space and can generally only be used for certain fuels.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the space requirement, to simplify the construction, to improve the mixture preparation and the exhaust gas values, to avoid sensitive and wear-prone functional parts and / or to achieve a broadband combustion behavior with regard to the fuel properties without affect operational safety.
  • the solution according to the invention is that the Zürid chamber, which is several times longer than it is wide, is surrounded by a preheating chamber, to which both the air and the fuel can be supplied, and that the wall separating these chambers has a large number of small openings for the passage of the fuel mixture ent ent in the ignition chamber.
  • the slim design of the ignition chamber which advantageously by a. length at least three times the length is characterized, firstly, has the advantage of better flame confinement and thus a higher ignition temperature and safer ignition. This applies not only to ongoing operations, but also to the start of the burner.
  • the concentration of heat in the ignition chamber results in a very uniform heating of the preheating chamber surrounding it, which in turn leads to a very uniform preheating and supply of the air / combustion mixture of substances and thus a very even flame formation.
  • the preheating chamber (corresponding to the small ignition chamber) is very small, the air flows through it intensely and blind spots are less easily formed, in which there could be a risk of overheating.
  • the mixture of air and fuel is also affected by the internal. active flow favors.
  • the arrangement is secure against the flame refluxing into the preheating chamber.
  • the preheating of the combustion mixture contributes to uniform flame formation and complete combustion and thus also to the prevention of the formation of combustion residues.
  • the ignition devices of the ignition chamber are expediently - as is known per se - formed by an elongated glow plug which is provided in the longitudinal direction of the ignition chamber at a short distance from its wall.
  • the small distance of the ignition chamber wall from the glow plug which is of the order of a few millimeters, favors firstly an intensive heating of the ignition chamber wall and thus at the same time the preheating chamber, so that sufficient fuel gasification or preheating takes place from the beginning, secondly due to the ge ring diameter of the wall part to be heated, the heat capacity of which is reduced to a minimum, thereby reducing the warming-up time or increasing the preheating temperature which can be achieved within a certain period of time.
  • the glow plug Since the glow plug must be arranged at the closed end of the ignition chamber and therefore in the area in which the flame cannot yet be fully developed, it is in the start phase before overheating during ongoing operation despite the narrow design of the ignition chamber and despite the intensive use of heat protected.
  • the opening for supplying the liquid fuel to the preheating chamber is expediently arranged above the glow plug, the ignition chamber with the glow plug also being arranged essentially horizontally. This arrangement ensures that in the start-up phase the liquid fuel first drips onto that wall area of the preheating chamber which is preheated by the glow plug and through the openings onto the glow plug itself. This ensures reliable evaporation from the start and thus also a safe ignition.
  • the small openings for the passage of the fuel mixture into the ignition chamber are expediently evenly distributed over the greater part of the length of the ignition chamber, possibly even over the entire length of the ignition chamber. According to a further feature, these openings can be arranged in helical rows, which creates a twist in the flame that stabilizes it. Of course, other known means for generating a swirl in the flame gases could also be provided.
  • preheating chamber In many cases it is sufficient to apply the preheating chamber with heat from the ignition chamber. If liquid fuels are used that require a relatively high heat of vaporization, such as diesel oil, it may be appropriate to heat the preheating chamber not only from the inside but also from the outside by flushing the preheating chamber on its outside with the combustion gases . In a preferred embodiment, this is achieved in that a double jacket forming the preheating chamber is arranged freely in the combustion chamber.
  • the heat exchanger is expediently a tubular heat exchanger, for example with water pipes which run transversely to the path of the combustion gases (burned gases) and which can also be finned.
  • the use of exchange tubes which run in the direction of the fuel gas flow is particularly advantageous, as a result of which the flow losses are kept low.
  • the arrangement can also be such that the fuel gas flows through the tubes, which in turn are located in a water space. This expediently borders the combustion chamber, so that it is partially delimited by the combustion chamber wall and a direct heat exchange can also take place through the combustion chamber wall.
  • the opening provided for the passage of the fuel gases from the combustion chamber to the heat exchanger is expediently arranged near the ignition chamber. This means that the fuel gases have to reverse their direction after leaving the ignition chamber in the combustion chamber. On the one hand, this intensifies the combustion process because the Combustion gases are swirled well and are kept away from the cool walls of the combustion chamber before combustion is complete. This contributes to the fact that the combustion chamber dimensions can be kept small. This also has the advantage that the risk of deposition of combustion residues, in particular unburned or half-burned residues such as soot, is reduced.
  • the instruction to arrange the transfer opening next to the ignition chamber should generally be understood to mean that this opening should be provided near the end of the combustion chamber on the ignition chamber side, so that the countercurrent described can occur therein can come.
  • liquid fuels especially those with high heat of vaporization
  • the arrangement is expediently such that the liquid fuel is essentially evaporated during normal operation of the device before it reaches the combustion zone or, even better, before it is combined with the combustion air.
  • an air supply duct can be provided adjacent to the combustion chamber and in heat exchange therewith.
  • this feature enables the combustion air to be preheated with minimal design effort.
  • the air duct channels the hot combustion chamber wall from the outer surface of the housing, which means that the measures otherwise necessary for thermal insulation can be omitted.
  • the air supply duct can also be passed through the combustion chamber. If the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger are arranged laterally from one another, the air duct mentioned is expediently arranged on the side facing away from the heat exchanger. However, it can also be provided that it essentially surrounds the combustion chamber or that the water chamber of the heat exchanger borders the combustion chamber on more than one side and the air duct is provided on the other sides.
  • the heat exchanger which is rectangular or round in cross section, completely surrounds the combustion chamber and the air and fuel supply pipes are guided through the combustion chamber.
  • Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a second embodiment
  • FIG. 5 u. 6 cross sections through two alternatives of the embodiment according to FIG. 4 along the line V-VI of FIG. 4.
  • an essentially quadratic housing In an essentially quadratic housing 1, four elements with essentially the same length and the same width (measured transversely to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1) are arranged side by side, namely an element forming the air duct 2, 3, the combustion chamber 4, the heat exchanger 5 and a room 6 for receiving the pump and blower and possibly other additional parts.
  • the ignition chamber 10 is located below the opening 8 and is delimited by a tube 11 which is fastened tightly to the left combustion chamber wall 12, extends centrally in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber 4 and is open at its free end 13. It is surrounded by a second tube 14, which forms a double jacket with the first tube 11, which encloses an annular space 15 which is closed at the tube ends and forms the preheating chamber explained above. This is connected to the opening 8 via the short duct 16, so that the air preheated in the ducts. 2, 3 can flow through the opening 8 and the short duct 16 into the preheating chamber 15 which surrounds the ignition chamber 10.
  • a pipe 17 opens, which forms the feed lines for the liquid fuel, for example diesel oil. Since this tube is in heat exchange with the gases in the combustion chamber 4, the oil produced therein is preheated before it exits into the short channel 16 at the end of the tube 17.
  • the arrangement is expediently such that the fuel still reaches the channel 16 in liquid form. Together with the combustion air, it is then led into the preheating chamber 15 and from there through a plurality of small openings 18 in the inner tube 11 into the ignition chamber 10.
  • the combustion chamber 4 and the water chamber of the heat exchanger 5 are also in heat exchange through the common wall 28. Furthermore, heat can be conveyed through thick metal sheets 29 made of good heat-conducting metal. Between the walls of the combustion chamber 4 and, if appropriate, the metal sheets 29 on the one hand and the housing 2 on the other hand, thermal insulation, indicated by hatching in FIG. 3, can be provided if this appears necessary.
  • the device works in the following way.
  • the glow plug 20 is switched on in the starting phase, which quickly heats the part of the tube 11 surrounding it. If liquid fuel now drips from the line 17 through the short duct 18 onto this wall and through the openings 18 onto the glow plug, it is evaporated rapidly and the ignition takes place without any problems, while combustion air flows through the suction fan 25 is promoted.
  • the combustion air in the channels 2, 3 is heated through the wall 9 from the combustion chamber 4.
  • the fuel in line 17 is preheated. Air and fuel together are then further heated in the preheating chamber 15 because the tubes 11 and 14 are exposed to the fuel gases.
  • Both the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger can consist of a commercially available square tube, for example 50x50 mm, which lie one on top of the other so that the combustion chamber is at the top and the bottom is Heat exchanger.
  • the two square tubes are closed with a continuous sheet and are thus firmly connected to one another.
  • the longitudinal surfaces are also screwed together on each side by means of continuous sheets, which can be made of aluminum for better heat conduction, while the parts directly exposed to the heat can be made of steel, possibly stainless steel.
  • the four side plates protrude from the combustion chamber part and in this way form the preheating channels for the combustion air.
  • the rectangular cross sections allow a particularly compact design.
  • the fuel supply via the glow plug should only be supplied during the ignition phase and when using liquid fuel. This is no longer absolutely necessary in full operation.
  • the combustion chamber 104 is surrounded on all sides with the exception of the longitudinal ends by the heat exchanger 105, which has a rectangular cross section in the case of FIG. 5 and a round cross section in the case of FIG. 6.
  • the combustion chamber side walls 128 are therefore cooled uniformly by the heat carrier (for example water) contained in the heat exchanger 105. If desired, this direct cooling can also be extended to the end walls of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion air is fed through the pipe 102, which is guided through the combustion chamber 104, so that the combustion air is preheated before it reaches the preheating chamber 115 through the duct 116.
  • the Brennstoffrschreib 117 is also space by the Brenn ⁇ out 104 and ends at 03 in the air duct 102. This is also possible with liquid 'fuel such as heating oil due to its preheating, especially since he also in the air channel 102, as far as it should not be gassed , reaches the wall of the duct that is directly heated by the combustion chamber and evaporates rapidly from there. The fuel then reaches the preheating chamber 115 and the ignition chamber 110 with the combustion air. In order that it also reaches the preheating chamber in the start-up phase, the air duct can be inclined from the outlet point 103 to the preheating chamber 115.
  • a reversal of direction takes place in the combustion chamber 104, so that the combustion gases which are still in the incomplete combustion stage are enclosed by a jacket of essentially completely burned gases. They pull through an opening 122, which is provided uniformly over the circumference of the combustion chamber, into the annular feed chamber 123 of the heat exchanger, from which they pull the heat exchanger through exchanger tubes 124 before they leave the device through the extractor 125.
  • a suction fan (not shown) or preferably a pressure fan for the combustion air can be provided.
  • the high quality of the combustion process that can be achieved thanks to the invention can be seen from the fact that the flame burns completely blue even without the use of heating oil, and that the device can be operated with very little excess air.
  • the invention is characterized by the idea that both reaction partners are heated up to very high before the combustion process in such a way that the energy which still has to be used for their chemical activation in the combustion process is reduced, so that the combustion process can run very quickly and completely and the proportion of unburned products in the exhaust gas is reduced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil de chauffage comportant un brûleur pour combustibles liquides ou gazeux, et destiné notamment au chauffage de locaux ou de véhicules. Pour obtenir une construction compacte et une combustion parfaite, on utilise une chambre d'inflammation (110) dont la longueur est un multiple de la largeur et qui est entourée d'une chambre de réchauffage (115) dans laquelle on introduit aussi bien l'air que le combustible qui pénètrent ensuite dans la chambre d'inflammation par une pluralité de petits orifices. Les gaz combustibles sont soumis dans l'espace de combustion (104) à une inversion de leur direction, avant d'être extraits par l'échangeur de chaleur (105) entourant au moins partiellement l'espace de combustion.
EP86903312A 1985-05-03 1986-05-05 Appareil de chauffage avec bruleur et echangeur de chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP0220301B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86903312T ATE55180T1 (de) 1985-05-03 1986-05-05 Heizgeraet mit einem brenner und einem waermetauscher.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3516012 1985-05-03
DE19853516012 DE3516012A1 (de) 1985-05-03 1985-05-03 Heizgeraet mit einem brenner und einem waermetauscher

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0220301A1 true EP0220301A1 (fr) 1987-05-06
EP0220301B1 EP0220301B1 (fr) 1990-08-01

Family

ID=6269794

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86903312A Expired - Lifetime EP0220301B1 (fr) 1985-05-03 1986-05-05 Appareil de chauffage avec bruleur et echangeur de chaleur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0220301B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62502771A (fr)
DE (2) DE3516012A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986006819A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4802423A (en) * 1987-12-01 1989-02-07 Regenerative Environmental Equipment Co. Inc. Combustion apparatus with auxiliary burning unit for liquid fluids
FR2624253B1 (fr) * 1987-12-04 1991-11-15 Gaz De France Bruleur radiant a gaz
AT397856B (de) * 1990-11-09 1994-07-25 Walter Zankl Heizungsanlage für heizung und brauchwassererwärmung
DE10333115A1 (de) * 2003-07-21 2005-03-03 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Brenneranordnung für ein Fahrzeugheizgerät

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966943A (en) * 1957-02-11 1961-01-03 Controls Co Of America Electric ignition assembly for liquid fuel burners
US3150710A (en) * 1961-06-27 1964-09-29 Riley Stoker Corp Electrically ignited pilot burner
SE410219B (sv) * 1972-06-14 1979-10-01 Monark Crescent Ab Tendanordning vid forgasningsbrennare
DE2912082A1 (de) * 1979-03-27 1980-10-02 Smit Ovens Nijmegen Bv Brenneranordnung fuer nahezu stoechiometrische verbrennung
DE3233319C2 (de) * 1982-09-08 1986-08-07 Webasto-Werk W. Baier GmbH & Co, 8035 Gauting Verdampfungsbrenner

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8606819A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS62502771A (ja) 1987-10-22
EP0220301B1 (fr) 1990-08-01
DE3673116D1 (de) 1990-09-06
WO1986006819A1 (fr) 1986-11-20
DE3516012A1 (de) 1986-11-06

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