EP0215988B1 - Vorrichtung für den anaeroben Abbau von organischem Abfall - Google Patents

Vorrichtung für den anaeroben Abbau von organischem Abfall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0215988B1
EP0215988B1 EP85306705A EP85306705A EP0215988B1 EP 0215988 B1 EP0215988 B1 EP 0215988B1 EP 85306705 A EP85306705 A EP 85306705A EP 85306705 A EP85306705 A EP 85306705A EP 0215988 B1 EP0215988 B1 EP 0215988B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
settlement
mixing
mixing chamber
chambers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85306705A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0215988A1 (de
Inventor
David Anthony Stafford
Colin Genner
Stephen Peter Etheridge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cardiff Laboratories for Energy and Resources Ltd
Original Assignee
Cardiff Laboratories for Energy and Resources Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB8506056A priority Critical patent/GB2155460B/en
Application filed by Cardiff Laboratories for Energy and Resources Ltd filed Critical Cardiff Laboratories for Energy and Resources Ltd
Priority to DE8585306705T priority patent/DE3572158D1/de
Priority to AT85306705T priority patent/ATE45338T1/de
Priority to EP85306705A priority patent/EP0215988B1/de
Publication of EP0215988A1 publication Critical patent/EP0215988A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0215988B1 publication Critical patent/EP0215988B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2866—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors
    • C02F3/2886—Two story combinations of the Imhoff tank type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for the anaerobic digestion of waste in which rapid and efficient processing is possible.
  • anaerobic digestion which is well known, is that bacteriological activity can be encouraged within the waste material and this results in separation of solids and liquids and the production of gases including methane and carbon dioxide, normally mixed in various proportions.
  • apparatus for carrying out anaerobic digestion involve interconnected chambers through which materials to be treated are passed. The processing is usually carried out on a semi-continuous basis.
  • inlet chamber into which the materials are delivered in measured quantities and from which they flow into a mixing chamber. From the mixing chamber they flow into a settlement chamber, from which a proportion is drawn off as cleared effluent and a further proportion is delivered back to the mixing chamber.
  • Bacteria in the materials break down the constituents and yield a supply of gas and also an effluent of relatively uncontaminated water or other liquid, depending upon the raw material to be processed.
  • the chambers are housed in a composite structure with the inlet and settlement chambers situated side by side and above the mixing chamber.
  • the inlet and settlement chambers are generally half cylindrical and the mixing chamber is fully cylindrical, the three chambers making up a pair of cylinders, each with a generally conical base and the upper one of course having a diametral division.
  • the inlet and outlet are approximately at the same level and a gas outlet is provided in the region at the top of the mixing chamber above the liquid level therein.
  • This arrangement provides a means of pressurising the gas from the head of liquid.
  • Such apparatus is reasonably efficient and has been referred to as an hydraulic digester.
  • the configuration chosen in this known apparatus however results in a fairly high wastage of bacteria and therefore a relatively contaminated effluent flow, though the time of digestion has an influence on this, in that the longer the digestion period the greater is the efficiency in terms of clean outflows.
  • apparatus for anaerobic digestion of organic waste material comprising a container divided into three inter-connected chambers situated one below another, the chambers comprising an inlet chamber, with an inlet for material to be treated, a mixing chamber below the inlet chamber and a settlement chamber between the inlet and mixing chambers, a duct leading from the inlet chamber downwardly into the mixing chamber, a transfer duct leading from the mixing chamber upwardly into the settlement chamber, said duct extending from a level in the mixing chamber below the upper extremity thereof, and said mixing chamber defining an upper zone above the level of the lower end of the transfer duct in which, in use, gas is trapped and at which a gas outlet is situated, a recirculation duct from the base of the settlement chamber leading downwardly into the mixing chamber for recirculating liquids from the settlement chamber into the mixing chamber and the settlement chamber also defining an upper zone in which, in use, gas is trapped and a further gas outlet being situated at this zone, and the settlement chamber having an outlet for liquids below
  • the chambers make up a composite cylindrical structure with each chamber of cylindrical form and the case of each chamber being generally funnel like, the duct from the inlet chamber to the mixing chamber and the recirculation duct from the settlement chamber to the mixing chamber being connected at or near the centres of the funnel like bases of the respective chambers, the transfer duct leading from the mixing to the settlement chamber being at or near the periphery thereof. Alternatively, this may be positioned near to the centre.
  • a single central duct extends from the inlet chamber to the mixing chamber and plural ducts extend between the mixing and settlement chambers.
  • funnel shapes of the chambers next above define the upper gas zones at the tops of the settlement and mixing chambers respectively.
  • the lower outlet end of the or each duct leading from the inlet chamber to the mixing chamber may be shaped or arranged to generate directional flow change to promote mixing.
  • the lower outlet end or ends of the or each recirculation duct may be shaped or arranged to generate directional flow change to promote mixing. Cooling of the settlement chamber may be achieved, using coils through which the inflowing mixture is passed.
  • the liquid from the mixing chamber may be drawn off, heated through a heating device and returned to that chamber.
  • an outlet at the base of the mixing chamber is provided for removal of solids or residues from the process.
  • the outlet from the upper gas zone and the outlet for effluent liquid are situated near the top of the settlement chamber so that, in use, a high liquid level is maintained to ensure that the apparatus remains relatively full of liquids.
  • the apparatus illustrated is intended for use as an hydraulic anaerobic digester and as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 comprises a generally cylindrical structure mounted on support legs 10 or into concrete or other supporting structure.
  • the structure is divided into three chambers 11, 12 and 13, disposed one on top of another and each having a generally cylindrical external form.
  • the upper chamber 11, called the inlet chamber has a lid 14 shown in Figure 2 and having reinforcement 15.
  • the inlet chamber 11 has a conical base wall 16 which forms the top wall of the second chamber 12.
  • This is a settlement chamber and also has a conical base wall 17 which in turn serves as the top wall of the lower, mixing chamber 13.
  • the mixing chamber 13 also has a conical base wall 15 which forms the bottom wall of the cylindrical structure.
  • the intermediate walls 16, 17 dividing the three chambers are of single skin so that heat exchange can take place between liquids contained in the respective chambers. Further reference to this will be made later.
  • the normal liquid level in the mixing chamber 13 is below the upper extremity of that chamber and a zone is therefore defined at 27 into which any gas driven off the liquid tends to accumulate.
  • the gas zone 27 communicates with an outlet 28 for such gas and this is controlled through a valve 29.
  • the cylindrical wall of the settlement chamber 12 there is at least one outlet 35 for liquids. This is near the upper end of the settlement chamber but not as high as the gas collection zone 31. From this, relatively clean water or other liquid can be drawn off, when required.
  • a central lower outlet 36 through which sludge can be taken from the base of the structure at intervals. This is in the base of short well or sump so that solids tend to accumulate without becoming stirred up and mixed with the remainder in the mixing chamber 13.
  • means may be provided for cooling the contents of the settlement chamber 12. This is achieved by means of a coil situated within that chamber and through which the inflowing mixture, or a proportion of that mixture, is passed.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a system associated with an hydraulic anaerobic digester apparatus of the kind shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
  • the apparatus itself is shown in Figure 4 with the chambers 11, 12 and 13 identified.
  • External connections include the inlet 39 for liquid to be treated, entering the inlet chamber 11 of the apparatus.
  • the outlet connections 28, 32, with the respective valves 29 and 33 for gas, are shown.
  • the sludge outlet from the base of the apparatus is identified at 36.
  • the pair of inlets 37 for heated mixture and the outlet 38 for this mixture to be heated Appropriate valves and controls associated with these inlets and outlets are shown in diagrammatic form.
  • the gas outlet connections 28 and 32 are connected through respective pressure control valves 44, 45 and non-return valves 46, 47 to gas storage (not shown).
  • the water outlet 35 from the settlement tank 12 is shown in Figure 4 entering a further settlement tank 48. From the top channel 49 of this the water leaves through an outlet 51.
  • Some of the sludge in this settlement tank is, however, recirculated through the system by drawing off a proportion through the base and into a pipe 52 controlled through a valve 53.
  • the pipe leads into the first settlement tank 41 and from there it is able to recirculate through the main apparatus.
  • a proportion of the material in the mixing chamber 13 is drawn off and heated and returned to the apparatus as previously referred to.
  • the outlet for such liquid at 38 takes the liquid through a pump 54 to a heat exchange unit 55.
  • the heat exchanger has a coil through which the mixture flows and is then returned to the inlets 37 in the base of the apparatus through a supply pipe 61.
  • Other forms of heating including steam injection, can be used.
  • test outlets are provided in different parts of the apparatus in order that samples may be drawn off. These are controlled by respective valves and are identified by numeral 62. Further monitoring devices may be provided as required.
  • settlement tanks 41 and 48 may be omitted if the treatment of the particular material does not warrant the use of these. Normally the heating apparatus will be required but, in certain circumstances, it may be omitted also. Furthermore the various test facilities may be used or not, as required.
  • the inlet chamber may, in an alternative example, be sealed. This allows gassing from this chamber to be controlled.
  • the mixture enters the apparatus into the inlet chamber 11. Normally, this will take place at intervals, depending upon the length of time required to process the particular material.
  • the liquid flows down into the mixing chamber 13 and is there thoroughly mixed so that bacteriological reaction starts to take place.
  • the mixture flows upwardly into the settlement chamber 12 and a proportion of the heavier liquid and solids are recirculated into the mixing chamber, as previously described.
  • a proportion of the liquid is drawn off through the outlet 35 and it is to be assumed that this is relatively uncontaminated. The degree of contamination will depend upon the constituents of the raw material and also upon the process time.
  • Gas in the form of methane and carbon dioxide, will accumulate in the gas collection zones 27 and 31.
  • the pressure of the gas in the zone 27 at the top of the mixing chamber will be higher than that in the top of the settlement chamber, and this will also ensure that lower proportions of carbon dioxide are dissolved out of the material in the mixing chamber than is the case in the settlement chamber, so that a higher methane proportion will normally be found in the gas in the lower of the two gas collection zones 27.
  • Such gas will therefore have a higher calorific value.
  • the apparatus may contain fifty cubic metres of liquid to be treated. Five cubic metres a day may be added and proportional quantities of gas and liquid effluent taken off.
  • the treatment period may be ten days. However, in certain circumstances, it is possible substantially to decrease the treatment period, for example to three days, but in so doing the relative contamination of the liquid effluent may be higher and gas production lowered.
  • the settlement chamber may contain elements upon which microbe growth can be stimulated.
  • these elements are loose rings which are placed in the settlement chamber. Their function is greatly to increase the surface area available on which microbe growth can start and propagate.
  • the rings may be made from an appropriate plastics material and onto these microbe development can take place up to a thickness of about 2 millimetres.
  • the pressure of the gas influences the methane proportion.
  • the gas may have 80-85% methane content, whereas in the upper gas collection zone 31 this may be reduced to 70%.
  • Further filtration and treatment equipment may be associated with the apparatus, if desired.
  • the effluent water may for example be taken through an aerobic filter and further settlement tanks.
  • the gas may be cleaned and stored in an appropriate holder.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Vorrichtung zum anaeroben Abbauen von organischem Abfallmaterial, mit einem Behälter, der in drei miteinander verbundene Kammern unterteilt ist, welche einer unter der anderen angeordnet sind, wobei die Kammern eine Einlaßkammer mit einem Einlaß für zu behandelndes Material, eine Mischkam- . mer unter der Einlaßkammer und eine Absetzkammer zwischen der Einlaß- und der Mischkammer umfassen, wobei ein Kanal von der Einlaßkammer abwärts in die Mischkammer führt, wobei ein Transferkanal von der Mischkammer aufwärts in die Absetzkammer führt, wobei sich dieser Kanal von einer Höhe aus in der Mischkammer erstreckt, die eine obere Zone oberhalb der Höhe des unteren Endes des Transferkanals festlegt, in welcher im Gebrauch Gas eingeschlossen wird und in welcher ein Gasauslaß vorgesehen ist, wobei ein Umwälzkanal von der Basis der Absetzkammer abwärts in die Mischkammer führt, um Flüssigkeiten aus der Absetzkammer in die Mischkammer umzuwälzen, und wobei die Absetzkammer ebenfalls eine obere Zone enthält, in welcher im Gebrauch Gas eingeschlossen wird, wobei in dieser Zone ein weiterer Gasauslaß vorgesehen ist und wobei die Absetzkammer einen Auslaß für Flüssigkeiten unterhalb dieser oberen Gaszone hat.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher die Kammern eine zusammengesetzte zylindrische Konstruktion bilden, wobei jede Kammer eine zylindrische Form hat und wobei die Basis jeder Kammer insgesamt trichterartig ist, wobei der Kanal von der Einlaßkammer zu der Mischkammer und der Umwälzkanal von der Absetzkammer zu der Mischkammer in den oder in der Nähe der Zentren der trichterartigen Basen der Kammern angeschlossen sind, wobei der Transferkanal, der von der Mischkammer zu der Absetzkammer führt, an oder in der Nähe von dem Umfang der selben ist.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher die Kammern eine zusammengesetzte zylindrische Konstruktion bilden, wobei jede Kammer eine zylindrische Form hat und wobei die Basis jeder Kammer insgesamt trichterartig ist, wobei der Kanal von der Einlaßkammer zu der Mischkammer und der Umwälzkanal von der Absetzkammer zu der Mischkammer an den oder in der Nähe der Zentren der trichterartigen Basen der Kammern angeschlossen sind, wobei der Transferkanal, der von der Mischkammer zu der Absetzkammer führt, nahe dem Zentrum dieser Kammer ist.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher sich ein einzelner zentraler Kanal von der Einlaßkammer zu der Mischkammer erstreckt und mehrere Kanäle sich zwischen der Misch- und der Absetzkammer erstrecken.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher die Trichterformen der Kammern über denselben die oberen Gaszonen an den oberen Enden der Absetz- bzw. der Mischkammer bilden.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher das untere Auslaßende des oder jedes Kanals, der von der Einlaßkammer zu der Mischkammer führt, so ausgebildet oder angeordnet ist, daß eine Richtungsänderung der Strömung erzeugt wird, um das Vermischen zu fördern.
7. Vorrichtung nach eine der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher eine Rohrschlange in der Absetzkammer angeordnet ist und Mittel vorgesehen sind zum Zirkulierenlassen von Fluids durch die Rohrschlange, welche im Gebrauch kälter sind als der Inhalt der Absetzkammer, um den Inhalt dieser Kammer zu kühlen.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, bei welcher die Mittel zum Zirkulierenlassen von Fluid durch die Rohrschlange Verbindungen umfassen, durch die das Gemisch, das in die Vorrichtung einströmt, oder ein Anteil desselben durch sie hindurchgeleitet wird.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Heizeinrichtung vorgesehen ist und Anschlüsse hergestellt sind zwischen dieser Einrichtung und der Mischkammer, wobei das Gemisch im Gebrauch aus der Mischkammer abgezogen, erhitzt und in die Mischkammer zurückgeleitet wird.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher ein Auslaß in der Basis der Mischkammer vorgesehen ist zum Ableiten von Feststoffen oder Resten aus dem Prozeß.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei einzelne Wände zwischen den Kammern vorgesehen sind, um den Wärmeaustausch zu fördern.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher der Auslaß der oberen Gaszone und der Auslaß für gereinigte Flüssigkeit nahe dem oberen Ende der Absetzkammer angeordnet sind, so daß im Gebrauch ein hoher Flüssigkeitsstand aufrechterhalten wird, um zu gewährleisten, daß die Vorrichtung mit Flüssigkeiten relativ gefüllt bleibt.
EP85306705A 1984-03-10 1985-09-20 Vorrichtung für den anaeroben Abbau von organischem Abfall Expired EP0215988B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8506056A GB2155460B (en) 1984-03-10 1985-03-08 Apparatus for anaerobic digestion of organic waste
DE8585306705T DE3572158D1 (en) 1985-09-20 1985-09-20 Apparatus for anaerobic digestion of organic waste
AT85306705T ATE45338T1 (de) 1985-09-20 1985-09-20 Vorrichtung fuer den anaeroben abbau von organischem abfall.
EP85306705A EP0215988B1 (de) 1985-09-20 1985-09-20 Vorrichtung für den anaeroben Abbau von organischem Abfall

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP85306705A EP0215988B1 (de) 1985-09-20 1985-09-20 Vorrichtung für den anaeroben Abbau von organischem Abfall

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0215988A1 EP0215988A1 (de) 1987-04-01
EP0215988B1 true EP0215988B1 (de) 1989-08-09

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EP85306705A Expired EP0215988B1 (de) 1984-03-10 1985-09-20 Vorrichtung für den anaeroben Abbau von organischem Abfall

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EP (1) EP0215988B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE45338T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3572158D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110253624A1 (en) * 2010-04-14 2011-10-20 Otv Sa Anaerobic digester-membrane bioreactor for treating a waste stream

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE630242C (de) * 1931-06-02 1936-05-23 Franz Fries Vorrichtung zur Verwertung der UEberschusswaerme kuenstlich geheizter Faulraeume
DE1055457B (de) * 1953-07-25 1959-04-16 Passavant Werke Faulbehaelter fuer Klaerschlamm
NL7811999A (nl) * 1978-12-08 1980-06-10 Stork Amsterdam Werkwijze en inrichting voor het anaeroob omzetten van organisch materiaal in een waterig medium.
NL7907897A (nl) * 1979-10-26 1981-04-28 Stork Amsterdam Reactor voor anaerobe voorvergisting.
DE3028212A1 (de) * 1980-07-25 1982-02-25 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Ag Hamburg Und Kiel, 2300 Kiel Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von gas aus insbesondere landwirtschaftlichen abfallstoffen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3572158D1 (en) 1989-09-14
EP0215988A1 (de) 1987-04-01
ATE45338T1 (de) 1989-08-15

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