EP0215032A1 - Verfahren und anlage zur serienmässigen, verzugsarmen thermomechanischen behandlung von werkstücken sowie anwendung des verfahrens. - Google Patents
Verfahren und anlage zur serienmässigen, verzugsarmen thermomechanischen behandlung von werkstücken sowie anwendung des verfahrens.Info
- Publication number
- EP0215032A1 EP0215032A1 EP86901322A EP86901322A EP0215032A1 EP 0215032 A1 EP0215032 A1 EP 0215032A1 EP 86901322 A EP86901322 A EP 86901322A EP 86901322 A EP86901322 A EP 86901322A EP 0215032 A1 EP0215032 A1 EP 0215032A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- treatment
- temperature
- cooling
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 68
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1, furthermore to an installation for carrying out the method and an application of the method.
- the tempering process generally comprises several treatment steps, namely a hardening treatment by quenching a workpiece heated to the hardening temperature and a subsequent controlled heat treatment, such as tempering, tempering or holding at a predetermined temperature and / or controlled cooling.
- a sch press In order to prevent a workpiece from undergoing a change in its shape and / or its dimensions, ie warping, during the tempering process, a TOR press is used, in which the workpiece is clamped and quenched in the clamped state, the quenching takes place in the known methods using hardness presses in which the workpiece is washed by a liquid quenching agent.
- the choice of the quenching agent depends on its heat capacity and the size of the temperature gradient to be set, in particular the quenching speed. Generally used as a liquid deterrent water, salt solutions or oils.
- spring washers such as those used in the automotive industry for clutches
- Such disc springs are optionally warmed to the hardening temperature in the oven with prior cold deformation of the blanks and then quenched in an oil bath or in hardening presses, then cooled, cleaned of oil and tempered. With these methods, warping cannot be avoided.
- Various post-treatment methods are cumbersome and costly and do not yet bring about any significant improvement.
- disc springs which have lamellae projecting radially inwards from an outer, closed ring part, the end parts of which must have a greater hardness than the rest of the plate springs, is particularly problematic and costly.
- workpieces In order to produce areas of different hardness, such workpieces must be subjected to a separate treatment after the hardening process has been completed.
- the areas in which greater hardness is to be achieved are either coated with a resistant material, for example molybdenum, or hard chrome-plated or the disc spring is subjected to a second complete hardening treatment for the area of greater hardness.
- Such additional treatments are cumbersome and expensive in each case and involve a further risk of warping the disc spring.
- the structure of a workpiece obtained with the aid of a thermomechanical treatment determines its mechanical properties, such as hardness, toughness, mechanical resistance, fatigue strength.
- the formation of a certain structure depends in addition to the composition mainly on the metallurgical parameters used in the course of the heat treatment. Thus, only if they are precisely adjusted and adhered to can the formation of a structure which is equipped with the required properties be achieved.
- the long heating-up and cooling-down times to be used in these methods, the long delivery times between the individual treatment stations and the difficulty in precisely controlling the time-temperature profile have proven to be disadvantageous in the previously known methods.
- Known processes allow reduced work, time and energy expenditure and offer the possibility of obtaining products with a predetermined structure and the desired properties, and their use enables in particular a rational manufacture of disc springs.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by the methods defined in the characterizing part of claims 1 and 11 and by the system defined in the characterizing part of claim 15 and by the application of the method according to claim 30.
- Another advantage of this method is that the third treatment stage, ie the tempering treatment, is carried out immediately after the second treatment stage, the quenching process, and the workpiece is subjected to a tempering treatment in the clamped state without intermediate cooling and / or intermediate treatment.
- the formation of stress cracks can be completely avoided by quenching to a predetermined temperature above room temperature and immediately following tempering treatment.
- Another advantage of the present method is that the workpiece is fed to the fourth treatment stage in the third treatment stage immediately after leaving the tempering device and is subjected to a controlled cooling there in the clamped state. In this way, an excellent dimensional accuracy of the workpiece is guaranteed.
- Claim 4 describes an advantageous embodiment of the hardening treatment, the heat dissipation can be controlled according to claim 5.
- Claim 6 describes a particularly precise and adaptable control of heat dissipation.
- the embodiment according to claim 7 makes it possible to obtain workpieces which are free from stress cracks and which have a structure which has exactly the desired mechanical and metallurgical properties which are required for the intended use in the individual case.
- a procedure according to claim 9 is particularly advantageous, as a result of which areas of different hardness can be achieved in a workpiece with a single tempering treatment.
- the embodiment of the method according to claim 10 allows precise control of the process sequence in accordance with a program or a program determined and enables practically complete automation thermomechanical treatment. Whether the workpieces are transported from a treatment station with the aid of conveying devices, which is generally preferred, or whether the workpieces are allowed to pass through the individual stations under the influence of gravity essentially depends in individual cases on the dimensions of the work to be treated ⁇ pieces.
- the method according to claim 11 is characterized by particular simplicity, since in this case only two treatment stations are required.
- the inductive heating in the 1st stage is carried out in the same way as in the method according to claim 1.
- the cooling in the hardening press is also carried out in the same way as in the method according to claim 1, with the exception that the quenched workpiece is subjected to a tempering treatment and / or a regulated, in particular delayed cooling in the hardening press.
- the setting of the temperature-time profile according to a predetermined metallurgical program determined by tests and / or by calculation allows an exact adaptation to the required values.
- This configuration has the particular advantage that the measure can be integrated into the process sequence without difficulty and can be incorporated into the process control. This represents a significant advance over conventional processes, since in these processes the finished springs had to be additionally warmed up before assembly. The warming, with the springs being treated in packages in an oven at 150 to 220 ° C. for 1 to 2 hours, was carried out manually and thus required a considerable amount of time and work.
- the heating device can be designed in any way. However, a design according to claim 16 is particularly preferred. This enables the workpieces to be heated with a high degree of uniformity and with a precisely adjustable temperature / time sequence. Depending on the requirements in the individual case, the heating device can be operated with medium frequency or with high frequency.
- the design according to claim 17 is to be preferred for cases in which heating in a protective gas atmosphere, for example in nitrogen, is expedient.
- the embodiment according to claim 18 offers the possibility of a particularly clean working method, since the use of quenching agents which pollute the workpieces and / or the environment, such as oil or salt solutions, can be dispensed with.
- the dimensional accuracy of the hardened workpiece can be improved, the design according to claim 20 allowing exact control of the temperature / time profile and its adaptation to the respective requirements.
- the design according to claim 21 enables locally differentiated heating during the tempering process, as a result of which areas of different hardness can be achieved on the workpiece, the desired effect being further enhanced by the design according to claim 22.
- the embodiment according to claim 23 permits a particularly gentle cooling of the shaped, hardened and tempered workpieces and enables the workpieces to be put to use immediately after leaving the system without further aftertreatments.
- the embodiment according to claim 24 is particularly advantageous for smaller, flat workpieces, since it enables the workpieces to be conveyed from treatment station to treatment station in a particularly expedient manner.
- the system can also be designed such that the workpieces are arranged horizontally in the individual treatment stations and are also conveyed horizontally from one treatment station to another.
- thermomechanical treatment of very small flat workpieces e.g. with a diameter of a few centimeters
- an embodiment of the system according to claim 28 is advantageous.
- the heating device, the hardening press and the starting device are connected in direct descending order in such a way that the workpieces pass through the individual stations under the influence of gravity. In this way, a particularly rapid and contact-free transport of the workpieces is achieved.
- the embodiment according to claim 29 enables a fully automatic thermomechanical heat treatment of workpieces from the blank to the ready-to-use shaped workpiece with the desired structure and the desired properties.
- the application of the method and the system for the production of disc springs according to claim 30 offers extraordinary advantages, since it is now possible for the first time to harden disc springs in one operation and this with a previously unknown shape accuracy and quality, so that such tel spring can be used without further treatment.
- disc springs can also be produced according to claim 31, which have a greater hardness at the ends of the lamella than in the other areas.
- Figure 1 Temperature / time diagram for a thermo-mechanical treatment
- FIG. 5 a block diagram of a system for the standard thermomechanical treatment of flat workpieces
- FIG. 6 a plate spring as an example of a workpiece to be produced using the system
- Figure 7 the plate spring in longitudinal section VII-VII of Figure 6;
- FIG. 8 a conveying device for transferring workpieces between the treatment stations, in a view transverse to the conveying direction;
- FIG. 9 the conveyor device according to FIG. 8 in view in the conveying direction.
- FIG. 10 Block diagram of another system for the series thermomechanical treatment of flat workpieces.
- the diagram in FIG. 1 shows the temperature-time sequence in the thermomechanical treatment of a flat workpiece, in which a workpiece which is in the form of a blank is optionally subjected to hot forming, hardened, tempered and cooled in a controlled manner , can be seen.
- the etalurgical parameters required to carry out the thermomechanical treatment in the individual case are determined before the method is carried out by tests or arithmetically on the basis of the structure to be achieved and entered into a central program control device.
- This as a blank workpiece is heated to from indutkiv Austenitisierun 'gs' temperature T and press transferred while maintaining the temperature T to a Härte ⁇ and introduced into this, shaped and gleich ⁇ time quenched to a temperature T.
- the workpiece is then transported to a tempering device while maintaining the temperature T-, introduced therein and heated to a temperature T_ in the clamped state, transported to a cooling device while maintaining the temperature and introduced into the latter and in the clamped state to room temperature cooled down.
- the time course of the temperature during the heating to the austenitizing temperature T follows the solid line from P_ to P., that during the transfer to the hardness press the solid line from P 1 to P.
- the time course of the temperature during the quenching from the temperature T to the temperature T corresponds to the solid line from P 'to P 3 , while during the transfer into the starting device the line from P "to P. follows.
- the time course of the temperature during the heating in the starting device follows the line from P to P_, while that during the transfer from the starting device to the cooling device corresponds to the solid line from P_ 3 to PO_.
- the temperature profile over time during the cooling to room temperature follows the solid line of
- P3_ from P4.
- na.ch are P_5 and from? b_ to? _7.
- the diagram shown in FIG. 2 shows the temperature / time sequence in the heat treatment of a workpiece by direct tempering, as is preferably used in cases in which a high surface hardness is to be obtained.
- the metallurgical parameters required for carrying out the method are determined by tests before the method is carried out.
- the workpiece which is heated to a temperature T, is clamped in a hardening press to avoid changes in shape and quenched within a period of time determined by tests and lasting a few seconds.
- the surface temperature is reduced to the temperature T 1 _ and the core temperature to the temperature T _.
- the time course of the surface temperature corresponds to the solid line from P to P 1?> While the time course of the core temperature follows the dashed line from P. to P. _.
- the surface temperature is then increased to the temperature T, the tempering temperature, by the residual heat present and by supplying heat from the outside.
- the temperature curve during heating corresponds to the solid line of P 1? according to P 1 . that during the subsequent cooling of the connecting line between P _ and P-, 4 - FIG. 3 shows the temperature / time sequence during an isothermal heat treatment, as is preferably used to achieve a structure with medium hardness and high toughness and wear resistance.
- the metallurgical parameters required for carrying out the method are determined beforehand by tests.
- the workpiece, heated to a temperature T is clamped in a hardening press to avoid changes in shape and quenched to a temperature T- over a period of time determined by tests and lasting a few seconds.
- the temperature curve corresponds to the solid line of P ? after P p? - Then the workpiece is moved during one of the distances P ?? to P _ corresponding time period at the temperature T- and then. Allow to cool.
- the diagram shown in FIG. 4 shows the temperature / time sequence during a heat treatment referred to as BY treatment, which is preferably used when the mechanical end values are to be achieved with a single heat treatment operation.
- BY treatment the workpiece heated to a temperature T is clamped in a hardness press to avoid changes in shape and quenched to a temperature T during a period of time determined by tests and lasting a few seconds.
- the time course of the temperature corresponds to the solid line from P "to P p - the workpiece is then subjected to a controlled, in particular delayed, cooling to a temperature T".
- the temperature profile over time corresponds to the solid line of
- FIG. 5 shows a system which is suitable for hardening flat workpieces with a small thickness and small to medium dimensions.
- the system has the following essential components:
- a starting device 6 as a third treatment station; . .. ...
- a cooling device 8 as a fourth treatment station.
- the heating device 2, the hardening press 4, the tempering device 6 and the cooling device 8 are arranged horizontally next to one another, in such a way that workpieces 10 to be treated are in the direction of the arrows F 1, F 2 and F from the first to the fourth treatment station can be transported and driven into the individual treatment stations from below.
- the heating device 2 is designed as a plate inductor 12 with two plates 14 and 16 lying opposite one another, the plates 14 and / or 16 being equipped with retractable stops 18, for example retractable or fold-out ceramic pins, for holding the workpiece 10.
- the plates 14 and 16 are subjected to energy by means of a resonant circuit 20.
- a measuring sensor 22 is provided for the contactless measurement of the final temperature. The measured values supplied by the sensor 22 are fed into a central process control device.
- the heating device 2 can be equipped with a protective gas device 2 ′ 4, indicated by dashed lines, for heating in a protective gas atmosphere.
- the hardness press 4 is arranged at the same height with a coolable mold 26.
- This has a first horizontally displaceable molded part 28, which is equipped with a cooling device 30 for indirect cooling, and a second, fixed molded part 32 arranged at the same height, which is equipped with a second cooling device 34 for indirect cooling. on.
- the first cooling device 30 and the second cooling device 34 are expediently connected to a common coolant circuit which can be connected to a control device for regulating “the coolant temperature ” .
- the tempering device 6 with a heatable mold 38 is arranged at the same height next to the hardening press 4.
- This consists of a horizontally displaceable first molded part 40 which can be heated by means of a first heating device 42 and a second molded part 44 which can be heated by means of a second heating device 46.
- Retractable stops or centering mandrels 48 are provided for holding the workpiece 10.
- the second molded part 44 is provided with a recess 50, through which a direct heat transfer is avoided.
- a feed device 51 is provided for blowing in compressed air.
- the first heating device 42 and the second heating device 46 are connected to a control unit 52 for controlling the temperature / time profile.
- the cooling device 8 with a coolable mold 56 is arranged at the same height.
- the structure of the latter essentially corresponds to the hardness press 4 and is intended to cool a molded workpiece 54 arriving from the tempering device 6 without distortion in a clamped state and with a controlled temperature / time profile guarantee.
- the coolable mold 56 has a first horizontally displaceable molded part 58 which is equipped with a first cooling device 60 for indirect cooling, and a second molded part 62 which is arranged at the same height and which is equipped with a second cooling device 64 for indirect cooling is on.
- retractable stops or centering mandrels 66 are provided for holding the workpiece 54.
- Cooling devices 64 are expediently connected to a common coolant circuit, which can be connected to a control device for regulating the coolant temperature.
- the system is preferably used for the production of workpieces with a small thickness, for example a plate spring 68 according to FIG. 6.
- the plate spring 68 has an outer closed ring part 70 and a central opening 72, from which radially extending incisions extend as far as the ring part, whereby lamellae 74 extending radially to the opening 72 are formed.
- the plate spring has 68 zones of different hardness.
- the hardness in the ring part 70 and an adjacent area 76 of the slats 74 is a hardness of approximately 42 to 45 HRC and in an area 78 adjoining the central opening 72 is a hardness -
- the plate spring 68 is produced in the following way:
- the heating device 2 which contains the plate inductor 12, a punch is made from sheet steel with a thickness of 1.5 to 2.5 mm and is provided as a plate spring 68 which is present as a blank.
- the plate spring 68 can be removed, for example with the aid of magnetic grippers, from a supply of blanks stacked on a support, for example a rotatable rotary table, and inserted into the plate inductor 12 from below.
- the retractable stops 18 hold the telescopic spring 68 between the plates 14 and 16 of the plate inductor.
- the stops 18 are preferably so made ⁇ forms, may be that the disc spring 68 eht during heating gedr '.
- the plate inductor is acted upon by the oscillating circuit 20 with 60 kVA, for example, and heats the plate spring 68 to its austenitizing temperature of 900 to 1100 C.
- the temperature curve until the ausdenitizing temperature is reached is monitored by the sensor 22.
- the sensor 22 is designed in such a way that it permits non-contact temperature measurement.
- the measured values obtained are entered into a central program control device and can be tracked on a monitor and compared with the course of the heating curve calculated for a specific structure and / or determined by tests.
- the plate spring 68 is released downward by withdrawing the reversible stops 18 and by means of a first conveying device 80 according to FIG. 8 to the second one Treatment station that transports hardness press 4.
- the plate spring 68 is inserted from below into the indirectly cooled mold 26 of the hardening press 4 and is held there by means of the centering mandrel 36.
- the mold 26 is closed, the plate spring 68 is clamped in and in accordance with the shape of the mold 26 using a pressure of, for example, 6 Mp in the desired in the figures 6 and 7 brought shape.
- the flat blank is deformed in the shape of a cone.
- the first molded part 28 is kept at the temperature required for quenching by means of the cooling device 30, as is the second molded part by means of the second cooling device 34.
- the temperature can be set and maintained in such a way that the two cooling devices are connected to a common coolant circuit equipped with a control device for temperature regulation.
- the temperature to be set in the individual case depends on the mechanical properties to be achieved and thus on the desired structure and can be determined by calculation or by experiment.
- the hardened plate spring 68 is released downward and transported by means of a second conveyor device 82, which corresponds to the first one, to the third treatment station, the starting device 6, and clamped there in the heatable mold 38.
- the clamping takes place by horizontal displacement of the first molded part 40, which is heated to the tempering temperature by means of the first heating device 42, in the direction of the second molded part 44, which is heated to the tempering temperature by means of the second heating device 46.
- the dial spring 68 has a higher hardness in the area 78 than in the other areas.
- the heating devices 42 and 46 are also connected to the control unit 52, which allows a precise setting of the starting temperature, for example in the range from 150 to 600 ° C., and the duration of the starting process.
- the tempering temperature to be set in individual cases and / or the duration of the tempering process depends on the structure to be achieved and the required mechanical properties and can be determined by tests or by calculation. The rule of thumb is that the lower the tempering temperature is selected, the greater the hardness. Martensite embrittlement is avoided in the accelerated tempering process. With short rise times of a few seconds at correspondingly higher temperatures' better mechanical properties are sufficient er ⁇ .
- the temperature can be monitored by means of a sensor and the measured values obtained can be fed into a central control device.
- the temperature / time profile can be monitored by means of a monitor and compared with the profile of the heating curve calculated for a specific structure and / or determined by tests.
- the shaped and hardened disc spring 68 is then released by opening the heatable mold 38 and pulling back the centering mandrel 48 and is fed to the fourth treatment station, the cooling device 8, by means of a third conveying device 84, which corresponds to the first and the second conveying device .
- This is designed according to the hardness press 4.
- the plate spring 68 supplied by the conveying device 84 and coming from the starting device is inserted from below into the coolable mold 56 of the cooling device 8 and held there by means of the centering mandrel 66.
- the mold 56 is closed and the plate spring 68 is clamped and in the clamped state by means of the cooling devices 60 and 64 in accordance with a calculated and / or determined by tests and in a central program control device stored temperature-time curve cooled '.
- the plate spring 68 is ready for use after cooling and is characterized by a high dimensional accuracy and a uniform structure, it that no additional processing steps must be worfen under ⁇ .
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show the conveyor device 80, which is particularly suitable for moving preferably upright flat workpieces, such as, in particular, plate springs 68 according to FIGS. 6 and 7.
- the conveyor device 80 contains a holder 86 with a driver 88, on which three grippers 90 are arranged along a circular arc, the radius of which corresponds to that of the disc springs.
- the three grippers are provided with a material with reduced thermal conductivity at least on the fork-like part interacting with the plate spring.
- the holder 86 is arranged on a parallelogram guide 92, which has two parallelogram arms 94, which are connected on the one hand via bearings 96 to the holder 86 and on the other hand via shafts 98 to the frame 100 of the system.
- Set screws 102, 104 for adjusting the end positions of the driver 88 are arranged on the parallelogram arms 94.
- a drive device 106 is connected to a shaft 98 and is preferably connected to the central program control device.
- the driver 88 of the conveyor device executes a curved movement, which in the present case is in the form of a circular arc.
- the driver drives into a treatment station from below, grips the lower part of a workpiece, for example a disc spring, which, after taking back stops in the treatment station, extends freely downwards, along an arc to the next treatment station and can be retracted there from below. After the stops have been set in the treatment station, the workpiece is held in place and the driver can freely pivot back down to the previous treatment station and pick up a new workpiece.
- the system can also be designed in such a way that the workpieces are arranged horizontally during the individual treatment steps and not upright as described in the previous example. The horizontal arrangement is particularly recommended for workpieces with larger dimensions, for example a diameter of approximately 0.5 m or more.
- the block diagram in FIG. 10 shows a system which is suitable for hardening flat workpieces with a small thickness.
- the system has the following essential components:
- a hardening press 112 as a second treatment station
- the loading device 108, the heating device 110, the hardening press 112, the tempering device 114 and the discharge device 116 are arranged vertically one above the other, in such a way that the workpieces pass through the system in free fall.
- the loading device 108 has a magazine -118 for receiving the workpieces 120 and is equipped with a prestressing device 122 by means of which the workpieces 120 are biased against an outlet side 124 and can be moved in the direction of a slot-shaped outlet opening 126.
- This expediently has a gap width which is greater than the thickness of a workpiece 120 but smaller than twice the thickness of the workpiece 120.
- the heating device 110 which is preferably designed as a plate inductor 130 with two mutually opposing plates 132 and 134, is arranged below the outlet opening 126, the plates 132 and / or 134 for holding the workpiece .120 with retractable stops 136, for example retractable or fold-out ceramic pins are equipped.
- the heating device 110 can be equipped with a protective gas device 138, indicated by broken lines, for heating in a protective gas atmosphere.
- the hardening press 112 with a coolable mold 140 is arranged below the heating device 110.
- This has a first horizontally displaceable molded part 142, which is equipped with a first cooling device 144 for indirect cooling, and a second, fixed molded part 146 arranged at the same height, which is equipped with a second cooling device 148 for indirect cooling is on.
- the first cooling device 144 and the second cooling device 148 are expediently connected to a common coolant circuit, which can be connected to a control device for regulating the coolant temperature.
- the tempering device 114 with a heatable mold 152 is arranged below the hardening press 112.
- This consists of a horizontally displaceable first molded part 154, which can be heated by means of a first heating device 156, and a second molded part 158, which can be heated by means of a second heating device 160.
- a centering mandrel 162 is provided for holding the workpiece 120.
- the second molded part 158 is provided with a recess 164 through which a direct heat transfer is avoided.
- a feed device 156 is provided for injecting compressed air.
- the first Schuvorrich 'Tung 156 and the second Schu ⁇ device 160 are connected to a control unit 168 for Steue ⁇ tion of the temperature / time curve connected.
- the discharge device 116 ' for example, is a conveyor 170, preferably a winning ⁇ band 172, for discharging finished workpieces 174 arranged.
- the conveyor belt 172 can simultaneously be designed as a cooling section for the shaped and hardened workpieces 174.
- the system is preferably used for the production of workpieces with a small thickness and very small dimensions in the range of a few centimeters.
- thermomechanical treatment is carried out without using a protective gas atmosphere.
- the first treatment station that is to say the plate inductor, or the entire system with a protective gas device.
- Technical nitrogen is particularly suitable as protective gas.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH133485 | 1985-03-27 | ||
CH1334/85 | 1985-03-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0215032A1 true EP0215032A1 (de) | 1987-03-25 |
EP0215032B1 EP0215032B1 (de) | 1990-03-07 |
Family
ID=4208041
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86901322A Expired - Lifetime EP0215032B1 (de) | 1985-03-27 | 1986-03-06 | Verfahren und anlage zur serienmässigen, verzugsarmen thermomechanischen behandlung von werkstücken sowie anwendung des verfahrens |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4832764A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0215032B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH089733B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3669328D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1986005820A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2630936A1 (fr) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-10 | Stein Heurtey | Installation automatique pour la mise en forme et le traitement thermique de pieces circulaires notamment pour l'industrie automobile |
DE3906425C1 (de) * | 1989-03-01 | 1990-11-22 | Karl Heess Gmbh & Co, 6840 Lampertheim, De | |
DE4316795A1 (de) * | 1993-05-19 | 1994-11-24 | Heimsoth Verwaltungen | Verfahren zur thermischen Vorbehandlung von metallischem Gut |
US6336809B1 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 2002-01-08 | Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. | Combination conduction/convection furnace |
US7275582B2 (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 2007-10-02 | Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for heat treatment and sand removal for castings |
US7338629B2 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2008-03-04 | Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. | Integrated metal processing facility |
AU2002239968B2 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2008-03-13 | Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. | Integrated metal processing facility |
JP5070663B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-07 | 2012-11-14 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 鋼材の成形同時オーステンパ処理法 |
US6901990B2 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2005-06-07 | Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. | Method and system for processing castings |
FR2842753B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-26 | 2005-03-11 | Financ D Etudes Et De Dev Ind | Procede de realisation d'un outil destine au formage d'une matiere et outil susceptible d'etre realise par ce procede |
US20070228729A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2007-10-04 | Grimmett Harold M | Tubular goods with threaded integral joint connections |
US20060006648A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2006-01-12 | Grimmett Harold M | Tubular goods with threaded integral joint connections |
US7169239B2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2007-01-30 | Lone Star Steel Company, L.P. | Solid expandable tubular members formed from very low carbon steel and method |
EP1768801A2 (de) * | 2004-06-28 | 2007-04-04 | Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur entgratung und entfernung von blockierungen von gussstücken |
US20060054294A1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-16 | Crafton Scott P | Short cycle casting processing |
US20060103059A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-18 | Crafton Scott P | High pressure heat treatment system |
GB2422797A (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-09 | Automotive Products S P A | Clutch Driven Plates |
FR2894307B1 (fr) * | 2005-12-06 | 2009-06-05 | Valeo Embrayages | Procede de fabrication d'une plaque d'embrayage notamment pour embrayage de motocyclette, et dispositif associe. |
WO2007147091A2 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2007-12-21 | Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. | Methods and system for manufacturing castings utilizing an automated flexible manufacturing system |
US9132567B2 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2015-09-15 | Dayton Progress Corporation | Tools with a thermo-mechanically modified working region and methods of forming such tools |
US8968495B2 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2015-03-03 | Dayton Progress Corporation | Methods of thermo-mechanically processing tool steel and tools made from thermo-mechanically processed tool steels |
CN101678450B (zh) * | 2007-03-29 | 2016-03-09 | 联合工程公司 | 竖直热处理系统 |
US20100143067A1 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2010-06-10 | Powers Fasteners, Inc. | Anchor bolt and method for making same |
DE102010043837A1 (de) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-16 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Schlagwerkskörper, Schlagwerk und Handwerkzeugmaschine mit einem Schlagwerk |
WO2014063807A1 (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-05-01 | Tata Steel Uk Limited | Arrangement and method for heating and working sheet material |
JP6743132B2 (ja) | 2015-04-28 | 2020-08-19 | コンソリデイテット エンジニアリング カンパニー,インコーポレイテッド | アルミニウム合金鋳造物を熱処理するためのシステムおよび方法 |
DE102015114136B4 (de) | 2015-08-26 | 2018-07-26 | Sms Elotherm Gmbh | Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln eines Metalllangprodukts |
CN112176339A (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-05 | 天津欧亚西斯金属制品有限公司 | 一种汽车外覆盖件模具专用涂层制备方法 |
CN114703344A (zh) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-05 | 哈尔滨工程机械制造有限责任公司 | 一种带燕尾结构的5CrNiMo钢的热处理方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1598224A (de) * | 1968-10-29 | 1970-07-06 | ||
US3753798A (en) * | 1969-01-25 | 1973-08-21 | Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk | Process and apparatus for the partial or localized tempering of a steel sheet-or the like stock |
JPS4829443B1 (de) * | 1969-01-25 | 1973-09-10 | ||
US3703093A (en) * | 1969-11-11 | 1972-11-21 | Aisin Seiki | Process and apparatus for performing a simultaneous and combined press-forming and heat-treatment of steel stock |
JPS5137014B2 (de) * | 1971-08-18 | 1976-10-13 | ||
DE3307041A1 (de) * | 1982-11-26 | 1984-05-30 | Jenny Pressen AG, 8500 Frauenfeld | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum serienmaessigen, verzugsarmen haerten von werkstuecken sowie anwendung des verfahrens |
-
1986
- 1986-03-06 JP JP61501341A patent/JPH089733B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-03-06 EP EP86901322A patent/EP0215032B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-03-06 US US06/940,762 patent/US4832764A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-03-06 DE DE8686901322T patent/DE3669328D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-03-06 WO PCT/CH1986/000028 patent/WO1986005820A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8605820A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4832764A (en) | 1989-05-23 |
WO1986005820A1 (en) | 1986-10-09 |
DE3669328D1 (de) | 1990-04-12 |
JPS62502795A (ja) | 1987-11-12 |
EP0215032B1 (de) | 1990-03-07 |
JPH089733B2 (ja) | 1996-01-31 |
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