EP0208983B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Festtreibstoffen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Festtreibstoffen Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0208983B1
EP0208983B1 EP19860108926 EP86108926A EP0208983B1 EP 0208983 B1 EP0208983 B1 EP 0208983B1 EP 19860108926 EP19860108926 EP 19860108926 EP 86108926 A EP86108926 A EP 86108926A EP 0208983 B1 EP0208983 B1 EP 0208983B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process according
prepolymers
propellants
kneading
propellant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860108926
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0208983A1 (de
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Klöhn
Hiltmar Dr. Schubert
Dieter Müller
Siegfried Eisele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP0208983A1 publication Critical patent/EP0208983A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0208983B1 publication Critical patent/EP0208983B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0075—Shaping the mixture by extrusion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of solid fuels, e.g. Composite, ram jet fuels or the like, consisting of at least one powdered oxidizer, e.g. Ammonium perchlorate, a prepolymer binder as fuel, optionally other solid fuels and additives, such as plasticizers, stabilizers, combustion moderators, etc., by mixing the aforementioned components and shaping them into propellants with the addition of a hardener. Furthermore, the invention is directed to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • oxidizer e.g. Ammonium perchlorate
  • a prepolymer binder as fuel
  • additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers, combustion moderators, etc.
  • Composite solid fuels with ammonium perchlorate and aluminum as solids as well as liquid prepolymer binders, such as polybutadienes with terminal hydroxyl groups, are poured into molds or combustion chambers after the mixing process at elevated temperatures in a vacuum casting process.
  • diisocyanate hardeners By adding diisocyanate hardeners, the poured fuel masses are hardened into viscoelastic propellants. This propellant production process has proven itself extremely well for many standard solid fuels.
  • the burning rate can be increased to 8-10 times. At the same time, however, there is a strong increase in the viscosity of the fuel mass, so that it can no longer be poured out.
  • Another prerequisite for achieving good pourability of the ready-mixed fuel is the selection of a prepolymer with the lowest possible initial viscosity.
  • An example of this can be seen in the product “Arco R 45M” ( R ) (product of Arco Chemical, New York), a polybutadiene prepolymer with terminal hydroxyl groups and a viscosity of 0.5 Pa.s at 30 ° C. Because of its low viscosity, this prepolymer has successfully established itself over comparable prepolymers.
  • binders with higher viscosities cannot be processed with the manufacturing process described, although the fuels cured with them would show interesting mechanical properties.
  • a polybutadiene-acrylonitrile prepolymer with terminal hydroxyl groups which has an acrylonitrile content of 17% and an initial viscosity of 140 Pa.s at 27 ° C.
  • These prepolymers would be excellently suited as binders for fuels, since the existing nitrile groups mediate excellent adhesive properties between the polymer binder and the solid particle.
  • these binders would not be suitable for processing using the vacuum casting process.
  • Further examples are the polybutadiene-acrylonitrile prepolymers with terminal carboxyl groups and with acrylonitrile contents between 10% and 26%, the viscosities of which vary between 60 and 570 Pa.s.
  • tough fuels is the fuels for ramjet drives based on boron.
  • the boron used has grain sizes in the range of ⁇ 1 ⁇ m and can therefore only be processed in low concentrations in the fuel due to the pourability limit. These difficulties have been avoided by using boron in granular form. So far, this solution has not been satisfactory either. This method also fails if the boron content is high.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a device intended for its implementation, by means of which fuel mixtures can be processed into solid propellants, in which the solid starting components have a small grain size and / or the prepolymer binders have high viscosity.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that, for processing non-pourable fuel mixtures with a viscosity of> 1000 Pa.s, the components are mixed in a kneader under vacuum, the hardener is added to the mixture with further mixing and the finished mixture is extruded directly from the kneader into a fuel mold against back pressure.
  • the high viscosity of the fuel mixture allows the use of both fine and extremely fine grains of the solid starting components, e.g. the oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate, or any solid fuels such as aluminum, boron or the like, as well as highly viscous binder types with improved mechanical properties.
  • the solids are intensively homogenized with the viscous prepolymers, whereby the mixing can take place at an elevated temperature. Mixing under vacuum on the one hand reduces the safety risk, on the other hand the pasty to pasty becomes Mass constantly vented.
  • the homogenized mixture with the hardener is pressed directly out of the kneader and pressed in batches into the fuel mold, in order to improve the form filling and to avoid air pockets, pressing against a suitably high counterpressure, which degrades as the mold is gradually filled. It can be used to produce composite fuels with a high proportion of ultra-fine oxidizer, such as ammonium perchlorate, as well as ramjet fuels with high, finely dispersed boron concentrations.
  • ultra-fine oxidizer such as ammonium perchlorate
  • the invention proposes a device which is distinguished by a horizontal kneader with a kneading trough which can be connected to a vacuum and horizontally arranged, intermeshing kneading blades, a discharge screw arranged at the bottom of the kneading trough and a propellant mold connected to its outlet, the mold volume of which Starting position is approximately zero and can be increased to the desired mold volume under the effect of the discharge pressure of the discharge screw and while maintaining a counter pressure.
  • the fuel components are therefore processed in batches in a closed system.
  • the fact that the propellant mold releases its mold volume only gradually when it is discharged results in an absolutely void-free molded body. Homogenization is particularly good when the kneading blades rotate in opposite directions and at different speeds.
  • the discharge screw rotates in the opposite direction of rotation during the filling of the kneader and during the kneading process with the discharge movement.
  • This design prevents the fuel components from getting into the discharge screw during the preparation of the mixture.
  • the discharge screw forms the closure of the kneading trough.
  • the device used in the tests had a kneading trough of 7 liters of useful content with two horizontally arranged kneading blades, which interlock deeply, strip each other and rotate at a speed ratio of 2: 1. They cause high friction in the kneaded material, which causes an intensive homogenization of the solids with the liquid prepolymers.
  • the kneading trough has a double jacket for heating with water during the kneading process.
  • the kneader is set up for operation in vacuum, which is generated by a rotary vane pump via connections on the trough cover.
  • the kneading paddles are driven hydrostatically with a radial piston motor with an infinitely variable speed from 0 to 40 min- 1 .
  • the viscous fuel paste gets into the discharge screw, which is connected via a tube to a combustion chamber that serves as a mold.
  • the speed of the discharge screw with a progressive gradient can also be continuously adjusted from 0 to 20 min- 1 .
  • the control pumps for driving the radial piston motors for kneading blades and discharge screw can be accommodated in a separate room.
  • This example describes the procedure for the production of fuels and the filling in combustion chambers.
  • a premix of the binder with the plasticizer, stabilizer, wetting agent, adhesion promoter, combustion moderator and aluminum is introduced and kneaded into the mixer at 50 ° C.
  • kneading takes about 1 hour until the solids are evenly coated with the binder and homogenized.
  • the vacuum is slowly increased to approx. 10 mbar via a control loop in order to remove the air from the kneaded material.
  • the vacuum is released and the hardener is added to the running machine via a storage hopper. Mixing in the hardener requires a further 20 minutes, while the vacuum is increased again to 10 mbar.
  • the finished mixed fuel paste is introduced into the screw conveyor after reversing the direction of rotation.
  • a hydraulically operated valve At the outlet of the screw conveyor there is a hydraulically operated valve and then a flanged combustion chamber or propellant.
  • the valve When the valve is opened, the mass of fuel can be extruded into the isolated combustion chamber against a brake cylinder.
  • the fuel that is conveyed into the mold pushes the piston out and replenishes the chamber volume. In this way, the fuel mass can be distributed very evenly.
  • a ramjet fuel of the following composition was produced and extruded in the same way:
  • the device has a kneader 1 with a kneading trough 2 and a lid 3.
  • the kneading trough 2 can be connected via a line 4 to a vacuum pump and can be aerated via a valve 5.
  • two shafts 6 are arranged side by side, which are equipped with kneading blades 7 in such a way that the kneading blades engage deeply with one another on adjacent shafts.
  • the kneader shaft 6 is guided to the outside at 8 and coupled to a drive, not shown.
  • a discharge screw 9 is arranged directly above the bottom of the kneading trough 2, which is led out on one side of the kneading trough and coupled at 10 to a drive (not shown). This drive is reversible.
  • a preferably cylindrical housing 11 is flanged to the kneading trough 2, into which the discharge screw 9 protrudes.
  • the housing 11 has a molding head 12 at its end.
  • a propellant charge form 13 is slidably mounted on the forming head 12 or a part of the screw housing 11.
  • the propellant charge form 13 is connected via a piston rod 14 to the piston 15 of a pneumatic cylinder 16, which in turn is connected to a compressed air shaft, not shown, via a pressure regulator 17.
  • the connection to the vacuum pump 4 is opened.
  • the kneading blades 7 on the shafts 6 arranged in pairs ensure intensive and kneading mixing of the components.
  • the discharge screw 9 rotates in the opposite direction, so that the mixture is pushed back into the kneader. If sufficient homogenization of the material is achieved, the drive at 10 is reversed when the kneading blades 7 continue to run, so that the discharge screw 9 rotates in the opposite direction and the mixture is discharged into the housing 11 and through the shaped piece 12 into the propellant mold 13.
  • the propellant form is designed as a cylinder closed on one side, on the bottom 18 of which the piston rod 14 engages with a head 19 tose.
  • the shape can directly form the insulation shell of a finished propellant charge.
  • the propellant charge form 13 can also be designed as a cylinder which is open on both sides and can be closed at one end by a displaceable base on which the piston rod then engages. If necessary, the pressure piece 19 can also form this displaceable base.
  • This design gives in particular the possibility of pushing the propellant out of the mold again by means of the base, or to subsequently close the open cylinder by another.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
EP19860108926 1985-07-04 1986-07-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Festtreibstoffen Expired EP0208983B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3523953 1985-07-04
DE19853523953 DE3523953A1 (de) 1985-07-04 1985-07-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von festtreibstoffen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0208983A1 EP0208983A1 (de) 1987-01-21
EP0208983B1 true EP0208983B1 (de) 1989-10-18

Family

ID=6274968

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860108926 Expired EP0208983B1 (de) 1985-07-04 1986-07-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Festtreibstoffen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0208983B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3523953A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3830902C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1988-09-10 1992-04-09 Diehl Gmbh & Co, 8500 Nuernberg, De
US5348596A (en) * 1989-08-25 1994-09-20 Hercules Incorporated Solid propellant with non-crystalline polyether/inert plasticizer binder
DE4026468C2 (de) * 1990-08-22 1998-10-08 Hercules Inc Feste Treibstoffe mit einem Bindemittel aus nicht-kristallinem Polyether/energiereichem Weichmacher
DE4435523C1 (de) * 1994-10-05 1996-06-05 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Festtreibstoff auf der Basis von phasenstabilisiertem Ammoniumnitrat
DE4435524C2 (de) * 1994-10-05 1996-08-22 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Festtreibstoff auf der Basis von reinem oder phasenstabilisiertem Ammoniumnitrat
DE19516528C1 (de) * 1995-05-05 1996-12-12 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Composit-Festtreibstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE19605613A1 (de) * 1996-02-15 1997-08-21 Dynamit Nobel Ag Raketenangetriebene Abstandswaffe
FR2774684B1 (fr) * 1998-02-10 2000-03-03 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Nouveaux materiaux pyrotechniques non detonables pour microsystemes
US6835255B2 (en) * 1998-06-01 2004-12-28 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reduced energy binder for energetic compositions
RU2198153C2 (ru) * 2000-03-03 2003-02-10 Государственное унитарное предприятие Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов Способ изготовления зарядов сртт
RU2198864C2 (ru) * 2001-04-26 2003-02-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Способ изготовления заряда смесевого твердого ракетного топлива
RU2194687C1 (ru) * 2001-09-04 2002-12-20 Федеральный центр двойных технологий "Союз" Способ промышленного производства заряда смесевого ракетного твердого топлива
RU2203871C1 (ru) * 2001-10-04 2003-05-10 Федеральный центр двойных технологий "Союз" Способ получения зарядов смесевого ракетного твердого топлива с прогнозируемыми характеристиками
RU2219150C2 (ru) * 2002-02-26 2003-12-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Способ изготовления заряда смесевого ракетного твердого топлива
RU2220934C2 (ru) * 2002-03-19 2004-01-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Способ изготовления зарядов для ракетных двигателей твердого топлива
RU2230722C2 (ru) * 2002-08-08 2004-06-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Способ изготовления заряда смесевого ракетного твердого топлива
RU2239621C1 (ru) * 2003-02-26 2004-11-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Способ изготовления заряда смесевого ракетного твердого топлива
RU2255862C1 (ru) * 2004-03-22 2005-07-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Способ формования изделия из высоковязких составов
RU2316524C1 (ru) * 2006-07-20 2008-02-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Способ приготовления топливной массы для заряда из смесевого твердого ракетного топлива
RU2378238C1 (ru) * 2008-08-18 2010-01-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Способ изготовления заряда твердого ракетного топлива баллиститного типа
RU2407728C1 (ru) * 2009-05-18 2010-12-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Способ приготовления смесевого ракетного твердого топлива
RU2434831C1 (ru) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Установка для приготовления баллиститного пороха
RU2434832C1 (ru) * 2010-05-26 2011-11-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Способ изготовления заряда баллиститного твердого ракетного топлива
CN103073369B (zh) * 2013-01-30 2015-04-01 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 一种浇注固化型钝感高爆热炸药及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE299029C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US2939176A (en) * 1954-12-30 1960-06-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Molding of propellants
US3269880A (en) * 1965-01-13 1966-08-30 Visnov Martin Heat resistant butadiene-acrylonitrile propellants
US3948698A (en) * 1967-09-06 1976-04-06 Hercules Incorporated Solid propellant compositions having epoxy cured, carboxy-terminated rubber binder
US4120709A (en) * 1973-04-25 1978-10-17 Thiokol Corporation Technique for improving processibility of certain composite propellants by calcining the iron oxide burning rate catalyst
US3924405A (en) * 1973-06-07 1975-12-09 Aerojet General Co Solid propellants with stability enhanced additives of particulate refractory carbides or oxides
CA1062847A (en) * 1975-08-11 1979-09-18 Gonzague Duchesne Solid propellants containing polyether or polyester binders
DE2825349C2 (de) * 1978-06-09 1982-04-08 C.& W. Berges, Maschinenfabrik, 5277 Marienheide Schneckenpresse zum Vorplastifizieren duroplastischer Press-Massen (Duromere)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3523953A1 (de) 1987-01-15
EP0208983A1 (de) 1987-01-21
DE3523953C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1987-07-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0208983B1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Festtreibstoffen
DE60312399T2 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Rührmischen
DE2158002C3 (de) Mischer für hxxochviskose Flüssigkeiten
DE2117854C3 (de) Verbundsprengstoff und seine Herstellung
EP0046230A2 (de) Umhüllte pyrotechnische Nebelsatz- oder Brandsatz-Ladung, ihre Zusammensetzung sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
WO1995017358A1 (en) Composite gun propellant processing technique
DE2461646A1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von treibladungspulvern, insbesondere nitroguanidin-pulvern
DE3412410C2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung kunststoffgebundener Treibladungspulver und Sprengstoffe
DE69010790T2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Explosivstoffen.
DE3319541C1 (de) Plastische Treibstoffmassen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE4315707A1 (de) Energiereiches Bindemittel mit verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften
EP0203260B1 (de) Knetmaschine
DE1646283C3 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sprengstofformkörpern hoher Festigkeit mit wählbarer definierter Detonationsgeschwindigkeit
EP1089955B1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung pyrotechnischer anzündsätze
EP0424490A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines dreibasigen treibladungspulvers.
AT214329B (de) Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Schieß- und Treibmitteln
DE2457078C3 (de) Vorrichtung zum Dosieren pulverförmiger Additive für Extruder oder ähnliche plastische Massen verarbeitende Maschinen
DE1816209A1 (de) Polymere Massen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE10027413B4 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Treibmittelzusammensetzung unter Anwendung eines Trockenmischverfahrens
EP0705641A2 (de) Mischvorrichtung zum Aufschäumen von pastösen Stoffen
EP0513431B1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Aufbereiten und Strangpressen von Werkstoffen
DE2417116A1 (de) Mischextruder
DE2124466A1 (en) Scroll extruder - with radially displacing rams of adjustable stroke and speed in the scroll housing
DE3523580C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE69115995T2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von polymergebundenen Explosivkörpern

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19870404

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19880506

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): BE CH FR GB IT LI SE

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8566

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE CH FR GB IT LI SE

ET Fr: translation filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19940713

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19940729

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19940731

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19940930

Year of fee payment: 9

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 86108926.6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19950608

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19950702

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19950731

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19950731

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19950731

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: FRAUNHOFER-G.- ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORS

Effective date: 19950731

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 86108926.6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19960430

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19960701

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19960701

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050701