EP0208249B1 - Chariots de four - Google Patents

Chariots de four Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0208249B1
EP0208249B1 EP19860108992 EP86108992A EP0208249B1 EP 0208249 B1 EP0208249 B1 EP 0208249B1 EP 19860108992 EP19860108992 EP 19860108992 EP 86108992 A EP86108992 A EP 86108992A EP 0208249 B1 EP0208249 B1 EP 0208249B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
columns
refractory
apertures
base
structure according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860108992
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0208249A1 (fr
Inventor
John Elliott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Acme Marls Ltd
Original Assignee
Acme Marls Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Acme Marls Ltd filed Critical Acme Marls Ltd
Publication of EP0208249A1 publication Critical patent/EP0208249A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0208249B1 publication Critical patent/EP0208249B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
    • F27D3/123—Furnace cars

Definitions

  • This invention relates to kiln cars of the type employed for carrying articles of ceramic ware through a kiln during a firing process.
  • Such kiln cars normally comprise a non-refractory trolley which supports a refractory structure including at least a base which protects the trolley and carries the ware to be fired, the latter often being supported on a refractory superstructure which is built up on the base.
  • the superstructure incorporates a vertical wall running along the longitudinal centre line of the kiln car.
  • Vertical members are secured-to such central wall at spaced longitudinal intervals and extend outwardly in mutually parallel relation to define bays forthe reception of removable shelves on supporting ledges carried by the vertical members.
  • This arrangement has the disadvantage that the central wall divides the car into two lateral zones, so that loading of the bats has to be carried out from opposite sides of the kiln car. Where mechanised loading is employed, this requires the use of either two sets of loading apparatus, or specially designed loading apparatus which can serve both sides of the kiln car either simultaneously or in sequence. However, such apparatus is undesirably costly and may often be too bulkyfor practical use.
  • the superstructure includes superposed column elements which are interconnected by fixed horizontal shelves and also afford vertically spaced supports for additional, removable shelves. Whilst this arrangement is such that loading may be carried out from only one side of the kiln car, it is not well suited to mechanical loading since the fixed shelves cannot effectively be utilised to support ware, unless hand-loaded. Additionally, the minium clearance which must be available beneath a removable shelf in order to accommodate supporting parts of the loading mechanism causes a relatively large volume of space above such fixed shelves to be unused, thereby significantly reducing the load carrying capacity of the refractory superstructure.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a refractory structure for a kiln car which affords an improvement over such prior proposals in one or more respects, the invention being given in claims 1 to 13.
  • a refractory structure for a kiln car may include one or more of the following features:-
  • a preferred embodiment of ware-supporting refractory structure for a kiln car comprises a hollow refractory base 10 which supports a refractory superstructure 30 adapted to carry a plurality of removable rectangular ware-carrying bats or shelves 50.
  • the base 10 is of rectangular form and incorporates refractory socket members 11 at the corners, together with further socket members 12 intermediate the corners, and two additional socket members 13 arranged on the longitudinal centre line of the base.
  • the socket members are carried by three longitudinally extending metal straps 14, each having four upright, tubular metal posts 15 secured thereto.
  • the posts 15 enter into respective apertures 16, 16a of corresponding sectional shape which preferably extend through the entire height of the socket members from end-to-end thereof as shown.
  • the posts 15 and apertures 16, 16a are most conveniently of square shape in cross-section, as are the socket members 11, 12 and 13, although other appropriate shapes could be employed.
  • the socket members are formed with vertically extending external grooves 17 which serve to locate the edges of pairs of refractory panels 18 and 19 which collectively form the lateral walls of the base 10.
  • An outwardly extending baffle 20 is formed by laterally projecting refractory plates which are assembled between the panels 18 and 19 for the purpose of obstructing the transmission of radiant energy downwardly from the interior of the kiln around the outside of the base towards a metal trolley (not shown) on which the refractory structure is carried through the kiln.
  • the interior of the base 10 is filled with insulating blocks 21 covered by a layer of insulating material 22, so that the whole construction is of relatively light weight and low thermal mass.
  • socket members 11,12 and 13 extend over substantially the entire thickness of the base 10. At their upper ends, the socket members support a plurality of cover plates 23 which close the top of the base.
  • each socket member 11, 12, 13 extend upwardly from the lower end of each socket member 11, 12, 13 over a major part of its height so as to locate the socket members not only against lateral movement, but also effectively to restrain them from rocking about their lower ends.
  • the apertures 16, 16a are not positioned centrally of the square section socket members, but in the case of the corner socket members 11 the apertures 16 are offset towards one corner of the member, whilst in the case of the side socket members 12, and the central socket members 13, the apertures 16a are offset towards one side.
  • This arrangement enables each socket memberto afford a further similar aperture 24, 25 which extends parallel to the aperture 16, 16a respectively through substantially the full height of the socket member, and hence throughout substantially the full thickness of the base 10.
  • the corner socket members 11 are formed with open-ended through-apertures 24 arranged in the corners of the socket members diagonally opposed to the corners at which the apertures 16 are formed, whilst the side and central socket members 11 and 12 are formed with open-ended through-apertures 25 which are arranged adjacent to the side of the members opposite to that at which the apertures 16a are formed.
  • the apertures 24 and 25 are conveniently of square shape in section, although other sectional shapes could be employed.
  • the socket members 11 and 12 are assembled on the straps 14 in such a way that the through-apertures 24 and 25 are disposed outwardly of the corresponding posts 15 on which the socket members are located. In this way the through apertures 24 and 25 are as close as possible to the corners and outer edges of the base 10 respectively.
  • Each aperture 24, 25 receives the lower end portion of a column 31 forming part of the superstructure 30.
  • the columns 31 may be of one- piece construction, but in the illustrated embodiment in accordance with a preferred feature of the invention they are of composite construction, including a substantially full-height inner member 32 which is conveniently formed as a length of thick-walled square section ceramic tube of dimensions adapted to fit closely within the apertures 24, 25. In this way, the lower end of each inner member 32 rests on the metal straps 14 and is supported by the corresponding socket member 11, 12, 13 over a length corresponding substantially to the entire thickness of the base 10' so as to provide maximum support.
  • the inner members 32 in the illustrated embodiment each carry a plurality of superposed outer members, as illustrated comprising alternate spacers in the form of sleeves 33 and shelf support members in the form of collars 34.
  • the sleeves each consist of lengths of square section ceramic tube, whilst the collars 34 are of generally plate-like form with a square aperture to receive the inner member 32.
  • the collars 34 project laterally relative to the ends of the sleeves 33 so as to afford lugs 39 on which the shelves 50 may be supported.
  • the collars 34 are of generally rectangular shape in plan view, although other shapes could be adopted.
  • the lugs 39 are afforded by collars 34 which are structurally separate from the sleeves 33, it will be appreciated that the sleeves could be formed with integral lugs so that no separate collars would then be required. Likewise, whilst in the illustrated embodiment the lugs are separate from the inner member 32, it will be appreciated that the columns 31 could have the lugs integrally formed thereon so that neither the sleeves nor the collars are required.
  • each column carries a respective top member which incorporates one or more upstanding projections which enter into corresponding recesses formed at the underside of the top plates 38.
  • the columns 31 at the corners of the superstructure carry top members 35 including a single projection 35a which engages in a corresponding recess at the corner of the top plate supported by the corner column.
  • the columns 31 intermediate the corners carry top members 36 which include a pair of projections 36a arranged to engage in recesses afforded at adjacent corners of the two adjoining top plates supported by such columns.
  • the two central columns 31 carry top members 37 which afford four projections (not shown) to engage in respective recesses at the adjacent corners of the four adjoining top plates supported by those columns.
  • top members 35, 36, 37 could, like the collars 34, be formed with square apertures to locate on the inner member 32 of the column 31, in a preferred arrangement the inner member 32, whilst extending over substantially the full height of the assembly of sleeves and collars, terminates at its upper end at a position spaced slightly below the upper end of the uppermost sleeve 33 so that the latter affords a shallow socket for the reception of a square-shaped projection 35b, 36b, 37b at the underside of the corresponding top member.
  • the top member could be formed with a smaller downward projection adapted to enter the end of the inner member 32, when the latter is of tubular form, although the inner member could be made from solid rod if required.
  • each removable shelf 50 can be placed in position on the lugs 39 afforded by the collars 34 from either side of the superstructure since there is no obstruction to prevent such a shelf being passed from one side of the superstructure to the other.
  • Each removable shelf 50 may extend across the full width of the superstructure so as to be supported at its four corners and mid-way along its longer sides. Alternatively, each shelf may extend across only half of the width of the superstructure, in that case each shelf being supported adjacent to its corners by four lugs carried by respective columns 31.
  • the central strap 14 provides support for only three columns, at positions aligned centrally between the pairs of columns supported by the outermost straps 14.
  • each removable shelf 50 would be supported by three lugs, although in this case the shelves could not be passed through the superstructure from one side to the other. Whilst this would hinder the mechanical loading of the shelves for the reasons previously given it may nevertheless be useful in some circumstances.
  • the lower ends of the columns 31 do not require to be embedded in massive supports.
  • the socket members 11, 12, 13 which give the required support for the columns are comparatively light in weight, and this is made possible by the fact that they are formed with two apertures, one for locating the socket member in a fixed position on the corresponding strap 14, and one for receiving the lower end of the column 31. Since these two apertures extend parallel to one another, the members received therein can extend through substantially the full height of the socket member and thereby maximise the support which is provided within the vertical dimensions of the base.
  • Forming the columns 31 by assembling sleeves 33 and collars 34 on the inner member 32 has the advantage that the sleeves can readily be formed to various lengths so as to enable the superstructure 30 to be adapted to support removable shelves 50 at varying spacings according to the requirements of the ware being fired.
  • the superstructure 30 is itself of relatively lightweight construction so as to minimise energy loss due to thermal cycling and yet the structure is stable enough to enable the removable shelves 50 to be loaded mechanically.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Une structure réfractaire pour un chariot d'enfournement comprenant une base réfractaire (10) destinée à être montée sur un transporteur et une superstructure réfractaire destinée à porter des rayonnages amovibles supportant des articles, dans laquelle ladite superstructure (30) comporte un ensemble de colonnes (31) en matériau réfractaire, chacune munie de moyens de support (39) espacés verticalement pour recevoir lesdits rayonnages (50), les extrémités inférieures des colonnes (31) étant situées sur ladite base (10) caractérisée en ce que ladite base (10 comporte des organes d'emboitement respectifs (11, 12, 13) en matériau réfractaire sont compris et qui traversent ladite base (10) sensiblement sur toute son épaisseur de manière à recevoir les parties de d'extrémités inférieures (2) desdites colonnes (31), chacun desdits organes d'emboitement (11, 12,13) présentant une première ouverture (24, 25) dans laquelle est reçue la partie terminale inférieure de l'une desdites colonnes (31) et une seconde ouverture (16, 16a) qui reçoit un poteau vertical respectif fixe (15) de manière que ledit organe d'emboitement (11, 12, 13) soit situé dans ladite base (10).
2. Une structure réfractaire selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle lesdites premières ouvertures (24, 25) pour la réception des parties d'extrémité inférieure des colonnes (31) et lesdites secondes ouvertures (16, 16a) qui reçoivent les poteaux (15) s'étendent parallèlement l'une à l'autre dans chaque organe d'emboitement (11, 12, 13) et sur pratiquement toute la hauteur de l'organe d'emboitement.
3. Une structure réfractaire selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle lesdits organes d'emboite- ment (11) sont prévus aux coins des supports de base (10) et dans laquelle, dans lesdits coins, les premières ouvertures (24) pour recevoir les parties (32) d'extrémité inférieure (32) des colonnes (31) sont disposées en diagonale décalées vers .l'extérieur par rapport aux secondes ouvertures (16) dans lesquelles sont logés les poteaux (15).
4. Une structure réfractaire selon la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, dans laquelle lesdits organes d'emboitement (12) sont prévus en des emplacements intermédiaires le long des côtés de la base (10) et dans laquelle en de telles positions latérales, les premières ouvertures (25) pour recevoir les parties d'extrémité inférieure (32) des colonnes (31) sont disposées décalées vers l'extérieur par rapport aux premières ouvertures (16a) dans lesquelles les poteaux (15) sont logés.
5. Une structure réfractaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 dans laquelle de tels organes d'emboitement (11) sont prévus aux coins de la structure et dans laquelle lesdits organes d'emboitement de coin (11), les ouvertures (24) pour recevoir les parties d'extrémité inférieure (32) des colonnes (31) sont disposées en diagonale, décalées vers l'extérieur par rapport aux ouvertures (16) dans lesquelles sont logés les poteaux (15).
6. Une structure réfractaire selon la revendication 4 ou la revendication 5 dans laquelle de tels organes d'emboitement (12) sont prévus à des positions intermédiaires le long des côtés de la structure et dans laquelle lesdits organes latéraux d'emboitement (12), les ouvertures (25) pour recevoir les parties d'assise inférieure (32) des colonnes (31) sont disposées vers l'extérieur décalées par rapport aux ouvertures (16a) dans lesquelles sont logés les poteaux (15).
7. Une structure réfractaire selon les revendications 4 à 6, dans laquelle les poteaux sont portés par des bandes métalliques (14) sur la face inférieure de la base (10) et les extrémités inférieures des colonnes (31) reposent sur lesdites bandes (14).
8. Une structure réfractaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle la base (10) est une structure creuse comportant des plaques latérales (18,19) et des plaques de couvercle (23) et est remplie de matériau réfractaire léger (21, 22) de masse thermique faible.
9. Une structure réfractaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 dans laquelle lesdites colonnes (31) sont chacune formées d'un organe intérieur droit (32) en matériau réfractairé et par une pluralité d'organes extérieurs superposés (33, 34) en matériau réfractaire qui sont disposés bout à bout sur ledit organe intérieur (32) et qui réalisent lesdits moyens de support (39) pour lesdits rayonnages (50).
10. Une structure réfractaire selon la revendication 9 dans laquelle lesdits organes extérieurs comprennent en alternance des organes espa- ceurs (33) et des organes de support (39) pour lesdits rayonnages (50).
11. Une structure réfractaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications de 1 à 10, dans laquelle lesdites colonnes (31) sont reliées entre elles au-dessus de la base (10) et uniquement à leurs extrémités supérieures.
12. Une structure réfractaire selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle lesdites colonnes (31) sont reliées entre elles par des plaques formant couvercles (38).
13. Une structure réfractaire selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle chacune desdites plaques formant couvercles (38) comporte des cavités dans les coins et chacune des colonnes (31) porte à son extrémité supérieure un organe supérieur correspondant (35, 36, 37) présentant respectivement des parties en saillie (35a, 36a, 37a) susceptibles de pénétrer à l'intérieur des cavités dans les coins des plaques formant couvercles (38).
EP19860108992 1985-07-05 1986-07-02 Chariots de four Expired EP0208249B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8517172 1985-07-05
GB08517172A GB2179127A (en) 1985-07-05 1985-07-05 Kiln cars

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0208249A1 EP0208249A1 (fr) 1987-01-14
EP0208249B1 true EP0208249B1 (fr) 1989-09-27

Family

ID=10581911

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860108992 Expired EP0208249B1 (fr) 1985-07-05 1986-07-02 Chariots de four

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0208249B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1017183B (fr)
DE (1) DE3665929D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2179127A (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT231584Y1 (it) * 1993-06-15 1999-08-04 Mamoli Romano Carrello a struttura modulare per il contenimento di vassoi per prodotti da forno o similari
DE19639531C1 (de) * 1996-09-26 1998-02-05 Riedhammer Gmbh Co Kg Be- und Entladevorrichtung für ein Brennregal
WO1998040682A1 (fr) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-17 Haessler Andreas Support pour produit a cuire
NO983925L (no) * 1998-08-26 2000-02-28 Borgestad Fabrikker As Brennvogn
DE10000276A1 (de) * 2000-01-05 2001-07-19 Ceric Thermic Wistra Gmbh Tragende Struktur für Brennöfen mit sehr hoher Brenntemperatur
CN103292601A (zh) * 2013-06-04 2013-09-11 湖南省科辉墙材有限公司 轻量保温节能型窑车
CN104048511B (zh) * 2014-03-31 2016-03-30 广东固特耐科技新材料有限公司 一种窑具垫板及窑具框架
CN105509483A (zh) * 2016-01-27 2016-04-20 北京创导工业陶瓷有限公司 箱体式窑车
DE102017101544A1 (de) * 2017-01-26 2018-07-26 Refratechnik Holding Gmbh Tragelement für einen Tunnelofenwagen oder -schlitten, Tunnelofenwagen oder -schlitten mit derartigen Tragelementen sowie Tunnelofen mit einem derartigen Tunnelofenwagen oder -schlitten
CN111735312B (zh) * 2020-07-02 2022-07-05 景德镇学院 一种用于烧制陶瓷产品的支架

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR720571A (fr) * 1931-07-24 1932-02-22 Manufactures Ceramiques D Hemi Support de cuisson pour carreaux de faïence
US1969126A (en) * 1931-12-08 1934-08-07 Carborundum Co Kiln furniture
GB433473A (en) * 1934-02-19 1935-08-15 Bernard Joseph Moore Improvements in trucks
GB433497A (en) * 1934-07-14 1935-08-15 Bernard Joseph Moore Improvements in kiln trucks
GB440621A (en) * 1935-07-30 1936-01-02 Bernard Joseph Moore Improvements in trucks
GB660893A (en) * 1949-02-08 1951-11-14 Hewitt & Son Fenton Ltd J An improved apparatus for supporting pottery ware in a kiln or the like
ES355542A1 (es) * 1968-06-27 1970-03-01 Adroer Calafell Sistema para la construccion de elementos prefabricados en hormigon.
DE1918322B2 (de) * 1969-04-10 1971-09-09 Annawerk Gmbh Bausatz zur erstellung eines brennwagenaufbaus zum brennen von keramischen wandfliesen im tunnelofen
GB1557962A (en) * 1976-06-08 1979-12-19 Acme Marls Ltd Support structure for ceramic ware
IT7828986V0 (it) * 1978-08-03 1978-08-03 Poppi Studio Tec Ind Carrello per forni a cottura rapida in particolare di prodotti di materiali ceramici quali piastrelle e simili
DE3123896C2 (de) * 1981-06-16 1985-12-12 Adolf A. Fleischmann Inh. Werner Fleischmann, 6000 Frankfurt Tunnelofenwagen
EP0106919B1 (fr) * 1982-10-21 1987-08-19 Naamloze Vennootschap Koninklijke Sphinx Support formé d'éléments assemblés pour la cuisson dans un four de tuiles céramiques ou d'autres articles similaires
US4462798A (en) * 1983-04-11 1984-07-31 Norton Company Kiln car furniture module(s)
US4487579A (en) * 1983-12-05 1984-12-11 The Potters Supply Company Superstructure for kiln car

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2179127A (en) 1987-02-25
DE3665929D1 (en) 1989-11-02
GB8517172D0 (en) 1985-08-14
CN1017183B (zh) 1992-06-24
CN86105634A (zh) 1987-02-25
EP0208249A1 (fr) 1987-01-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0208249B1 (fr) Chariots de four
US3759661A (en) Kiln cars
US5483548A (en) Insulated furnace door and wall panel system
US4462798A (en) Kiln car furniture module(s)
US8133049B1 (en) Modular refractory support system
GB2131061A (en) Block
US5277580A (en) Wall construction system for refractory furnaces
US4487579A (en) Superstructure for kiln car
US4836777A (en) Kiln cars
EP0037842B1 (fr) Elément support, support vertical et structure support destinée à recevoir des articles pendant leur cuisson dans un four
ES2752099T3 (es) Elemento portador para un carro o vagoneta de horno de túnel, carro o vagoneta de horno de túnel con elementos portadores de este tipo, así como horno de túnel con un carro o vagoneta de horno de túnel de este tipo
EP0364201A1 (fr) Superstructure de chariot de four
US4721460A (en) Tile firing support structure
GB2136100A (en) Firing carriage including a rack structure of refractory material for the ceramics industry
GB2040418A (en) Kiln furniture setting
GB2167541A (en) Furnace for heat treatment of semiconductor substrates
US4330267A (en) Kiln car
US2118641A (en) Kiln furniture
JPS6349151B2 (fr)
US4348175A (en) Kiln car
US3877869A (en) Modular support for carrying ceramic products during baking
US6142774A (en) Support for a ceramic wagon superstructure for supporting molded blanks of ceramic material to be fired
GB2199124A (en) Kiln cars
JPS642159Y2 (fr)
GB2024386A (en) Improved furniture for a tunnel kiln and a method of operating the kiln

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19870504

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19881108

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: DE DOMINICIS & MAYER S.R.L.

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3665929

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19891102

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19930731

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19930811

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19930823

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19930824

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19940702

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19950201

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940702

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19950331

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19950401

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050702