EP0205805B1 - Bearing placed between the ground plate of a piston engine and the cover plate of a ship's foundation - Google Patents

Bearing placed between the ground plate of a piston engine and the cover plate of a ship's foundation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0205805B1
EP0205805B1 EP19860105455 EP86105455A EP0205805B1 EP 0205805 B1 EP0205805 B1 EP 0205805B1 EP 19860105455 EP19860105455 EP 19860105455 EP 86105455 A EP86105455 A EP 86105455A EP 0205805 B1 EP0205805 B1 EP 0205805B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thrust
foundation
plate
cover plate
ship
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860105455
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0205805A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Resch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Filing date
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Publication of EP0205805A1 publication Critical patent/EP0205805A1/en
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Publication of EP0205805B1 publication Critical patent/EP0205805B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/30—Mounting of propulsion plant or unit, e.g. for anti-vibration purposes
    • B63H21/305—Mounting of propulsion plant or unit, e.g. for anti-vibration purposes with passive vibration damping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a support between a base plate containing an axial thrust bearing of an axially thrust-loaded piston internal combustion engine, in particular a drive machine for a ship's propeller, and the cover plate of the ship's foundation, the base plate of the machine resting on the foundation cover plate via fitting pieces made of metal or plastic and with With the help of foundation screws, each is connected to the foundation with a snug fit.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the effort for the production of the fit-seat connections in the aforementioned type of support between the drive and the hull.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the support is provided by vertically extending thrust plates which are welded onto the foundation cover plate and which are bent at an angle and are connected in their free leg to the foot of the base plate by means of fitting sleeves which receive the foundation bolts.
  • the fit is in this way laid in a fitting sleeve which is inserted into the thrust plate; the whole fit-fit connection can thus be prefabricated in the factory - both in the base plate and in the sleeve.
  • the thrust plate is bent out of the direction of the axial thrust load on its foot welded to the cover plate.
  • a resulting reduction in the elastic flexibility of the thrust plates in the vertical direction can be counteracted if the thrust plate is cut out in the region of the bends.
  • the stiffness of the thrust plates in the axial thrust direction in the area of the bent feet can be increased if the bent feet of the thrust plate are connected by a horizontal stiffening plate.
  • An axial thrust bearing 2 is installed in the base plate 1 (FIG. 1) of a piston fuel machine (not shown) for driving a ship, which absorbs the axial thrust - arrow 3 - exerted by the ship's propeller, also not shown.
  • This thrust force 3 is transmitted via a thrust ring 4 on the crankshaft 5 to the thrust bearing 2 and half of it is passed on to the side of the base plate 1 into the cover plate 6 of the ship's foundation 7.
  • the base plate 1 lies on the cover plate 6 via a plastic compound 8 (FIGS. 1-4) or individual metal fitting pieces 9 (FIGS. 5-7).
  • the metal fitting pieces 9 are made of gray cast iron, for example, and are adjusted in height so that the top of the base plate forms a horizontal surface.
  • the fitting pieces 9 are in a known manner individual, relatively small blocks in the immediate area of the foundation bolts 10.
  • a precise fit between the base plate 1 and the foundation cover plate 6 is ensured by a fitting sleeve 14, which is also penetrated by the screw 10 with play.
  • the sleeve 14 is, on the one hand, fitted into a bore 15 (FIGS. 4 and 7) of the base plate foot 12 and, on the other hand, into thrust plates 16 bent into the horizontal, one of which is arranged symmetrically to the shaft 5 on both sides of the base plate 1.
  • the thrust plate 16 is welded onto the foundation cover plate 6 with a vertical leg. With this construction it is achieved on the one hand that the fit seats 17 and 18 (FIGS. 4 and 7) in the base plate foot 12 in the thrust plate 16 can be prefabricated in the factory; on the other hand, the relatively “wide” arc of the thrust plate 16 enables elastic flexibility in the vertical direction, with which, after the plastic intermediate layer 8 has been placed, the nuts can be “re-tensioned” by tightening the nuts 11.
  • the feet 19 of the vertical legs of the thrust plates 16 welded onto the cover plate 6 are bent inwards (FIG. 3) or outwards (FIG. 6) from the shear stress direction 3.
  • the plates 16 are provided with recesses 20 in the region of the bends, as can be seen particularly from FIGS. 2 and 5.
  • a horizontal stiffening plate 21 is welded between the feet 19 of a thrust plate 16, through which the tips of the thrust loads of the thrust plates welded onto the cover plate 6 are distributed from the ends over the entire length of the weld seam 22 (FIGS. 4 and 7) will.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abstützung zwischen einer ein Axial-Drucklager enthaltenden Grundplatte einer axialschubbelasteten Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Antriebsmaschine für eine Schiffsschraube, und der Deckplatte des Schiffsfundamentes, wobei die Grundplatte der Maschine über Pass-Stücke aus Metall oder aus Kunststoff auf der Fundamentdeckplatte aufliegt und mit Hilfe von Fundamentschrauben über je einen Pass-Sitz mit dem Fundament verbunden ist.The invention relates to a support between a base plate containing an axial thrust bearing of an axially thrust-loaded piston internal combustion engine, in particular a drive machine for a ship's propeller, and the cover plate of the ship's foundation, the base plate of the machine resting on the foundation cover plate via fitting pieces made of metal or plastic and with With the help of foundation screws, each is connected to the foundation with a snug fit.

Eine bekannte Art - «Germanischer Lloyd - Richtlinien für die maschinenbauliche Fundamentierung von Motoren-Anlagen» September 1984, Abb. 5 und 8 -, eine Antriebsmaschine auf dem Fundament eines Schiffskörpers zu befestigen, besteht darin, unter Zwischenlage von Pass-Stücken über eine Passschraubenverbindung, bei der eine Pass-Schraube mit entsprechenden Pass-Sitzen in der Grundplatte, dem Pass-Stück und der Deckplatte «zusammenwirkt», eine Verbindung zwischen Grundplatte der Maschine und Deckplatte des Fundamentes herzustellen. Diese Art der Verbindung wird bevorzugt, wenn z.B. für die Anbringung sogenannter Frontstopper nicht genügend Platz vorhanden ist. Als Pass-Stücke, auf denen die Maschine aufliegt, werden dabei Metall- oder Kunststoffklötze, z.B. aus im Handel erhältlichen Giessharzen, verwendet.A well-known way - «Germanischer Lloyd - Guidelines for the mechanical foundation of engine systems» September 1984, Fig. 5 and 8 - to fasten a prime mover to the foundation of a hull consists in the interposition of fittings via a fitting screw connection , in which a dowel screw "cooperates" with the corresponding dowel seats in the base plate, the dowel piece and the cover plate to establish a connection between the base plate of the machine and the cover plate of the foundation. This type of connection is preferred when e.g. there is not enough space to attach so-called front stoppers. As fitting pieces on which the machine rests, metal or plastic blocks, e.g. from commercially available casting resins.

Der wesentliche Nachteil der geschilderten Verbindung besteht darin, dass im Schiffskörper in die Deckplatte Pass-Sitze eingearbeitet werden müssen, was mühsam und aufwendig ist.The main disadvantage of the described connection is that fit seats have to be worked into the hull in the hull, which is tedious and time-consuming.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei der genannten Art der Abstützung zwischen dem Antrieb und dem Schiffskörper den Aufwand für die Herstellung der Pass-Sitz-Verbindungen zu verringern. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Abstützung über in Schubrichtung verlaufende vertikal stehende, auf die Fundamentdeckplatte aufgeschweisste Schubbleche erfolgt, die zu einem Winkel abgebogen und über die Fundamentschrauben aufnehmende Pass-Hülsen in ihrem freien Schenkel mit dem Fuss der Grundplatte verbunden sind.The object of the invention is to reduce the effort for the production of the fit-seat connections in the aforementioned type of support between the drive and the hull. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the support is provided by vertically extending thrust plates which are welded onto the foundation cover plate and which are bent at an angle and are connected in their free leg to the foot of the base plate by means of fitting sleeves which receive the foundation bolts.

Der Pass-Sitz ist auf diese Weise in eine Pass-Hülse, die in das Schubblech eingesteckt ist, verlegt; die ganze Pass-Sitz-Verbindung kann somit - sowohl in der Grundplatte als auch in der Hülse - fabrikmässig vorgefertigt werden.The fit is in this way laid in a fitting sleeve which is inserted into the thrust plate; the whole fit-fit connection can thus be prefabricated in the factory - both in the base plate and in the sleeve.

Ein weiterer Nachteil der geschilderten bekannten Abstützungen ergibt sich bei Giessharz-Zwischenlagen aus dem «Setzen» der Kunststoff-Pass-Stücke. Dieser Nachteil muss bisher durch Dehnungsbolzen und hohe Vorspannungen der Pass-Schrauben ausgeglichen werden, was ebenfalls sehr aufwendig ist. Bei der neuen Konstruktion erlaubt die Nachgiebigkeit der an ihrem freien Ende zu einem Winkel gebogenen Schubbleche ein einfaches Nachgeben der Abstützung, wenn der Kunststoff «zusammensackt»; die Steife des in Richtung des axialen Schubes verlaufenden Bleches wird dadurch nicht beeinträchtigt, so dass die axiale Schubkraft problemlos auf die Deckplatte bzw. das Schiffsfundament übertragen wird.A further disadvantage of the known supports described arises in the case of cast resin intermediate layers from the “setting” of the plastic fitting pieces. Up until now, this disadvantage has to be compensated for by expansion bolts and high preloads on the fitting screws, which is also very expensive. With the new design, the resilience of the thrust plates bent at an angle at their free end allows the support to easily give in when the plastic "collapses"; the rigidity of the sheet extending in the direction of the axial thrust is not impaired by this, so that the axial thrust force is transmitted without problems to the cover plate or the ship's foundation.

Um Spannungsspitzen an den Enden der auf die Deckplatte aufgeschweissten Füsse der Schubbleche zu verringern bzw. zu vermeiden, ist es zweckmässig, wenn das Schubblech an seinem mit der Deckplatte verschweissten Fuss aus der Richtung der Axialschubbelastung herausgebogen ist. Einer dadurch hervorgerufene Verringerung der elastischen Nachgiebigkeit der Schubbleche in vertikaler Richtung lässt entgegenwirken, wenn das Schubblech im Bereich der Ausbiegungen ausgeschnitten ist. Schliesslich kann die Steife der Schubbleche in Axialschubrichtung im Bereich der ausgebogenen Füsse noch verstärkt werden, wenn die gebogenen Füsse des Schubbleches durch eine horizontale Versteifungsplatte verbunden sind.In order to reduce or avoid stress peaks at the ends of the feet of the thrust plates welded onto the cover plate, it is expedient if the thrust plate is bent out of the direction of the axial thrust load on its foot welded to the cover plate. A resulting reduction in the elastic flexibility of the thrust plates in the vertical direction can be counteracted if the thrust plate is cut out in the region of the bends. Finally, the stiffness of the thrust plates in the axial thrust direction in the area of the bent feet can be increased if the bent feet of the thrust plate are connected by a horizontal stiffening plate.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing.

Fig. 1 ist eine - teilweise aufgeschnittene - schematische, räumliche Skizze des Drucklagerbereiches einer Grundplatte von einer Schiffsantriebsmaschine;

  • Fig. 2 ist eine Ansicht eines Schubbleches in Richtung des Pfeiles A von Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 gibt einen Schnitt 111-111 von Fig. 2 wieder;
  • Fig. 4 ist der Schnitt IV-IV von Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5, 6, 7 sind den Fig. 2-4 entsprechende Darstellungen einer weiteren Ausführungsform der neuen Abstützung.
Fig. 1 is a - partially cut away - schematic, spatial sketch of the pressure bearing area of a base plate of a marine propulsion engine;
  • Fig. 2 is a view of a thrust plate in the direction of arrow A of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a section 111-111 of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is section IV-IV of Fig. 2;
  • 5, 6, 7 are representations corresponding to FIGS. 2-4 of a further embodiment of the new support.

In der Grundplatte 1 (Fig. 1) einer nicht weiter dargestellten Kolbenbrennstoffmaschine für den Antrieb eines Schiffes ist ein axiales Drucklager 2 eingebaut, das die durch den ebenfalls nicht gezeigten Schiffspropeller ausgeübte axiale Schubkraft - Pfeil 3 - aufnimmt. Diese Schubkraft 3 wird dabei über einen Schubring 4 auf der Kurbelwelle 5 auf das Drucklager 2 übertragen und je zur Hälfte seitlich der Grundplatte 1 in die Deckplatte 6 des Schiffsfundamentes 7 weitergeleitet. Die Grundplatte 1 liegt auf der Deckplatte 6 über eine Kunststoffmasse 8 (Fig. 1-4) bzw. einzelne Metall-Pass--Stücke 9 (Fig. 5-7) auf.An axial thrust bearing 2 is installed in the base plate 1 (FIG. 1) of a piston fuel machine (not shown) for driving a ship, which absorbs the axial thrust - arrow 3 - exerted by the ship's propeller, also not shown. This thrust force 3 is transmitted via a thrust ring 4 on the crankshaft 5 to the thrust bearing 2 and half of it is passed on to the side of the base plate 1 into the cover plate 6 of the ship's foundation 7. The base plate 1 lies on the cover plate 6 via a plastic compound 8 (FIGS. 1-4) or individual metal fitting pieces 9 (FIGS. 5-7).

Die Kunststoff-Zwischenlager 8, die aus einem handelsüblichen Giessharz für solche Lagerungen bestehen, erstrecken sich dabei unter der gesamten Fläche der Grundplatte 1; die Metall-Pass-Stücke 9 sind beispielsweise aus Grauguss hergestellt und in ihrer Höhe so eingepasst, dass die Grundplattenoberseite eine horizontale Fläche bildet. Die Pass-Stücke 9 sind dabei in bekannter Weise einzelne, relativ kleine Klötze im unmittelbaren Bereich der Fundamentschrauben 10.The plastic intermediate storage 8, which consist of a commercially available casting resin for such bearings, extend under the entire surface of the base plate 1; The metal fitting pieces 9 are made of gray cast iron, for example, and are adjusted in height so that the top of the base plate forms a horizontal surface. The fitting pieces 9 are in a known manner individual, relatively small blocks in the immediate area of the foundation bolts 10.

Wie die Fig. 4 und 7 erkennen lassen, durchsetzen die Fundamentschrauben 10, auf deren Enden Muttern 11 aufgeschraubt sind, die Deckplatte 6, die Kunststoffmasse 8 bzw. die Klötze 9 und die Grundplattenfüsse 12 in Bohrungen 13, deren Durchmesser grösser sind als die Schraubendurchmesser. Vor allem müssen daher in die Deckplatte 6 keine Pass-Sitze für die Schrauben 10 mehr eingearbeitet werden.As can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 7, the foundation screws 10, on the ends of which nuts 11 are screwed, push through the cover plate 6, the plastic compound 8 or the blocks 9 and the base plate feet 12 in bores 13, the diameter of which is larger than the screw diameter . Above all, therefore, fit seats for the screws 10 no longer have to be worked into the cover plate 6.

Ein passgenauer Sitz zwischen der Grundplatte 1 und der Fundamentdeckplatte 6 wird gewährleistet durch eine Pass-Hülse 14, die von der Schraube 10 ebenfalls mit Spiel durchdrungen wird. Die Hülse 14 ist jedoch einerseits in eine Bohrung 15 (Fig. 4 und 7) des Grundplattenfusses 12 und andererseits in in die Horizontale abgebogene Schubbleche 16 eingepasst, von denen je eines symmetrisch zur Welle 5 an beiden Seiten der Grundplatte 1 angeordnet ist.A precise fit between the base plate 1 and the foundation cover plate 6 is ensured by a fitting sleeve 14, which is also penetrated by the screw 10 with play. The sleeve 14 is, on the one hand, fitted into a bore 15 (FIGS. 4 and 7) of the base plate foot 12 and, on the other hand, into thrust plates 16 bent into the horizontal, one of which is arranged symmetrically to the shaft 5 on both sides of the base plate 1.

Mit einem vertikalen Schenkel ist das Schubblech 16 auf die Fundamentdeckplatte 6 aufgeschweisst. Mit dieser Konstruktion wird einerseits erreicht, dass die Pass-Sitze 17 und 18 (Fig. 4 bzw. 7) im Grundplattenfuss 12 im Schubblech 16 fabrikmässig vorgefertigt werden können; andererseits ermöglicht der relativ «weite» Bogen des Schubbleches 16 eine elastische Nachgiebigkeit in vertikaler Richtung, mit der nach einem Setzen der Kunststoffzwischenlage 8 durch Anziehen der Muttern 11 ein «Nachspannen» der Abstützung möglich ist.The thrust plate 16 is welded onto the foundation cover plate 6 with a vertical leg. With this construction it is achieved on the one hand that the fit seats 17 and 18 (FIGS. 4 and 7) in the base plate foot 12 in the thrust plate 16 can be prefabricated in the factory; on the other hand, the relatively “wide” arc of the thrust plate 16 enables elastic flexibility in the vertical direction, with which, after the plastic intermediate layer 8 has been placed, the nuts can be “re-tensioned” by tightening the nuts 11.

Um Schubspannungsspitzen zu mildern, sind die auf die Deckplatte 6 aufgeschweissten Füsse 19 der vertikalen Schenkel der Schubbleche 16 nach innen (Fig. 3) oder nach aussen (Fig. 6) aus der Schubspannungsrichtung 3 herausgebogen. Damit dieses Umbiegen der Schubbleche 16 ihre elastische Nachgiebigkeit in vertikaler Richtung so wenig wie möglich beeinträchtigt, sind die Bleche 16 mit Ausnehmungen 20 im Bereich der Ausbiegungen versehen, wie besonders aus den Fig. 2 und 5 hervorgeht.In order to mitigate shear stress peaks, the feet 19 of the vertical legs of the thrust plates 16 welded onto the cover plate 6 are bent inwards (FIG. 3) or outwards (FIG. 6) from the shear stress direction 3. In order that this bending of the thrust plates 16 affects their elastic flexibility in the vertical direction as little as possible, the plates 16 are provided with recesses 20 in the region of the bends, as can be seen particularly from FIGS. 2 and 5.

Schliesslich ist bei dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel zwischen den Füssen 19 eines Schubbleches 16 eine horizontale Versteifungsplatte 21 eingeschweisst, durch die die Spitzen der Schubbelastungen der auf die Deckplatte 6 aufgeschweissten Schubbleche von den Enden über die ganze Länge der Schweissnaht 22 (Fig. 4 und 7) verteilt werden.Finally, in the first exemplary embodiment, a horizontal stiffening plate 21 is welded between the feet 19 of a thrust plate 16, through which the tips of the thrust loads of the thrust plates welded onto the cover plate 6 are distributed from the ends over the entire length of the weld seam 22 (FIGS. 4 and 7) will.

Claims (4)

1. A system for providing staying or bracing between a thrust-loaded reciprocating internal combustion engine baseplate containing a thrust bearing, more particularly a ship's screw propulsion engine, and the ship's foundation cover plate, the engine baseplate resting on the foundation cover plate via metal or plastic shims or the like and being connected to the foundation by means of foundation bolts via a snug fit in each case, characterised in that the staying or bracing is effected via vertically upright thrust plates (16) which extend in the direction of the thrust, are welded on the foundation cover plate (6), are bent at an angle, and are connected to the foot (12) of the baseplate (1) via locating bushes (14) in their free limb, said bushes receiving the foundation bolts (10).
2. A system according to claim 1, characterised in that the thrust plate (16) is bent out of the thrust loading direction at its foot (19) welded to the cover plate (6).
3. A system according to claim 2, characterised in that the thrust plate (16) is cut out in the area of the bends.
4. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the bent feet (19) of the thrust plate (16) are connected by a horizontal reinforcing plate (21).
EP19860105455 1985-06-18 1986-04-19 Bearing placed between the ground plate of a piston engine and the cover plate of a ship's foundation Expired EP0205805B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2575/85 1985-06-18
CH257585 1985-06-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0205805A1 EP0205805A1 (en) 1986-12-30
EP0205805B1 true EP0205805B1 (en) 1988-12-07

Family

ID=4236882

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860105455 Expired EP0205805B1 (en) 1985-06-18 1986-04-19 Bearing placed between the ground plate of a piston engine and the cover plate of a ship's foundation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0205805B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61291298A (en)
DE (2) DE3522188A1 (en)
DK (1) DK159870C (en)
NO (1) NO160425C (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63194098U (en) * 1987-06-02 1988-12-14
DE4138708C2 (en) * 1991-11-26 2000-11-23 Blohm & Voss Ind Gmbh Arrangement for the elastic mounting of a combined pressure and support bearing, in particular for a ship propulsion system
EP0824450B1 (en) * 1995-04-24 1999-10-13 Wärtsilä NSD Schweiz AG Device for transmitting thurst
CN114954837B (en) * 2022-06-20 2023-10-13 广船国际有限公司 Ship main engine base panel and steel gasket brushing method and ship

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB501161A (en) * 1937-11-02 1939-02-22 Silentbloc Improvements in or relating to apparatus for supporting engines
DE852050C (en) * 1941-05-03 1952-10-09 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Safety device on machine bearings for seagoing ships
US2431931A (en) * 1944-09-14 1947-12-02 Churchward & Company Inc Engine mounting
GB1469771A (en) * 1973-05-02 1977-04-06 English Electric Co Ltd Support means
JPS5316781A (en) * 1977-08-01 1978-02-16 Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd Preparaion of resin laminate
DE3437318A1 (en) * 1984-10-11 1986-04-17 Aleksandr Aleksandrovič Aleksandrov Method for assembling a ship's crosshead main engine on the foundation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3522188C2 (en) 1987-05-27
DK234786A (en) 1986-12-19
DE3522188A1 (en) 1986-12-18
NO862410D0 (en) 1986-06-17
DK159870B (en) 1990-12-24
DE3661353D1 (en) 1989-01-12
NO862410L (en) 1986-12-19
JPS61291298A (en) 1986-12-22
NO160425C (en) 1989-04-19
EP0205805A1 (en) 1986-12-30
DK159870C (en) 1991-05-21
DK234786D0 (en) 1986-05-20
NO160425B (en) 1989-01-09

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