EP0824450B1 - Device for transmitting thurst - Google Patents
Device for transmitting thurst Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0824450B1 EP0824450B1 EP96908985A EP96908985A EP0824450B1 EP 0824450 B1 EP0824450 B1 EP 0824450B1 EP 96908985 A EP96908985 A EP 96908985A EP 96908985 A EP96908985 A EP 96908985A EP 0824450 B1 EP0824450 B1 EP 0824450B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ship
- sleeve
- engine
- mounting apparatus
- thrust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/30—Mounting of propulsion plant or unit, e.g. for anti-vibration purposes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for Transfer of thrust according to the generic term of independent claim 1.
- the Propeller or the drive shaft for the Propeller is not thrust mounted on the hull, are thrust forces from the engine, more precisely the housing of the Motors, transferred to the ship.
- the thrust is initially from a thrust bearing in the Motor housing added and then from the motor housing to the Ship's hull, usually on the floor on which the engine is standing, transfer.
- push wings or Stopper attached, which with the motor housing and the Ship floor is screwed and / or welded.
- flappers or stoppers have the task of Fastening and mounting of the engine in the ship entirely to contribute generally. Beyond that, they are whole specially trained to reduce the thrust from Transfer engine housing to the hull.
- the Push wings or stoppers are particularly strong in the longitudinal direction of the ship push and pull resistant.
- the patent specification CH 157 404 describes a device for sound absorption for Machines like ship machines. The facility is for transferring Unsuitable thrust.
- the fastening device according to the invention brings an improvement here, by the cumbersome back and forth transportation of the fastener omitted.
- Such a fastening device according to the invention is characterized by the features characterized in the characterizing part of independent claim 1.
- the dependent ones Claims relate to advantageous embodiments of the invention.
- the fastening device according to the invention can be used without any Aids can be attached and without being heavy and difficult to use handling parts of the fastening device from cumbersome ways the engine compartment to the workshop and back to the engine compartment are transported.
- the thrust sleeve can be one or more parts.
- the hole does not need to be particularly precise and can easily be done with one Laser burners can be cut into the floor.
- the exact, form-fitting The thrust sleeve or the thrust sleeves are then fitted with the Potting the soil with the sleeve or sleeves.
- Through the Sleeve device then runs a screw, which on the one hand on the Motor housing is supported and its screw nut directly at the other end or indirectly i.e. is supported on the ship's floor by a washer.
- the washer can be a ball cup washer on which the as Ball nut supports trained nut.
- the screw is a so-called expansion bolt trained, i.e. it is made of steel and pre-stressed so that vibrations motor cannot loosen the screw nut.
- Suitable casting compounds are, for example, lead, tin, Zinc pure or alloyed, brass, bronze, but also casting resins such as armored or non-reinforced casting resins that are sold under brand names such as Epocast, or Chockfast etc. are available on the market, i.e. the same material which is also used to infuse the engine.
- the fastening device 1 is on the side of the wall 11 of the motor housing arranged.
- the bottom 12 of the motor housing is laterally over the wall 11 extended beyond.
- the engine is on a bed 1215 that between the engine floor 12 and the ship floor 15 is arranged.
- a hole was made in the ship's floor 15 150 made, for example with a laser or a Burnt out gas cutting torch that is in the extension of the through the holes 130, 120 'determined cylinder.
- This hole 150 is so large that the sleeve 16 through the bores 130 and 120 'is also guided through the hole 150 in the floor 15 fits.
- the Sleeve 16 has a collar or collar 161 on the neck 13 is supported.
- a screw 14 is guided through which the hole 150 protrudes through the ship floor 15.
- the screw bolt 14 is designed as an expansion bolt, so that he has the great powers that come with the movements of the twisting and twisting hull and Ship floor can occur, compensate elastically and is not solved by vibrations.
- a washer or washer 17 is at the bottom of the Bolt 14 over the end of the bolt 14 and the end of the Sleeve 16 put over and on the underside of the bottom 15 supported.
- the washer 17 is in the example shown formed as a ball cup washer 17.
- the ball nut 142 is on the ball socket 17 on the bottom of the Bottom 15 supported.
- Fastening device 1 transmitting the thrust forces between an engine, especially a diesel engine and the bottom 15 of a ship comprises a thrust sleeve 16 which through an opening 130, 120 in the motor housing and a Opening 150 in the bottom 15 of the ship runs, which Excess, that is larger than the cross section of the Thrust sleeve 16.
- the space 1516 between the edge of this Opening 150 in the bottom 15 of the ship and the outside of the Thrust sleeve 16 is excessively in the area of the opening 150 poured with a casting compound 19.
- a screw 14 that runs through the thrust sleeve 16 and on one side on Motor housing 11, 13 is supported and on the other Side is supported on the floor 15 of the ship screwed under tension.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
- Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Übertragen von Schubkräften nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1. Bei Schiffen, bei denen die Schiffsschraube bzw. die Antriebswelle für die Schiffsschraube nicht am Schiffsrumpf schubgelagert ist, werden Schubkräfte vom Motor, genauer dem Gehäuse des Motors, auf das Schiff übertragen.The invention relates to a device for Transfer of thrust according to the generic term of independent claim 1. For ships in which the Propeller or the drive shaft for the Propeller is not thrust mounted on the hull, are thrust forces from the engine, more precisely the housing of the Motors, transferred to the ship.
Die Schubkräfte werden vorerst von einem Schublager im Motorgehäuse aufgenommen und dann vom Motorgehäuse auf den Schiffsrumpf, meist auf den Boden, auf dem der Motor steht, übertragen.The thrust is initially from a thrust bearing in the Motor housing added and then from the motor housing to the Ship's hull, usually on the floor on which the engine is standing, transfer.
Beispielsweise sind im Bereich des Schublagers zwischen dem Motorgehäuse und dem Schiffsboden sog. Schubflügel oder Stopper angebracht, welche mit dem Motorgehäuse und dem Schiffsboden verschraubt und/oder verschweisst sind. Derartige Schubflügel oder Stopper haben die Aufgabe zur Befestigung und Halterung des Motors im Schiff ganz allgemein beizutragen. Darüber hinaus sind sie aber ganz besonders dazu ausgebildet, die Schubkräfte vom Motorgehäuse auf den Schiffskörper zu übertragen. Die Schubflügel oder Stopper sind in Längsrichtung des Schiffs besonders stark schub- und zugbelastbar.For example, between the Motor housing and the ship's bottom, so-called push wings or Stopper attached, which with the motor housing and the Ship floor is screwed and / or welded. Such flappers or stoppers have the task of Fastening and mounting of the engine in the ship entirely to contribute generally. Beyond that, they are whole specially trained to reduce the thrust from Transfer engine housing to the hull. The Push wings or stoppers are particularly strong in the longitudinal direction of the ship push and pull resistant.
Bei einem grossen Schiffsdieselmotor der mehrere Hundert Tonnen wiegen kann und der Leistungen von mehreren Zehntausend PS abgibt, sind diese Schubflügel oder Stopper mehrere Hundert Kilogramm schwere, Eisenbleche, die in jedem Fall auf die örtliche Umgebung im Schiff anzupassen sind. Das individuelle Anpassen ist umständlich und erfordert in den meisten Fällen ein- bis mehrmaliges Befördern dieser anzupassenden Bleche in die Werkstatt und wieder zurück in den Motorraum. Eine derartige Konstruktion einer Befestigungseinrichtung zum Übertragen von Schubkräften ist in EP-A1-0 205 805 beschrieben.With a large marine diesel engine that can weigh several hundred tons and the power of several tens of thousands of horsepower, these are fenders or stoppers weighing several hundred kilograms, iron sheets, in any case must be adapted to the local environment in the ship. Individual customization is cumbersome and in most cases requires one to multiple transportation of these sheets to be adjusted in the workshop and back in the Engine compartment. Such a construction of a fastening device for Transfer of thrust is described in EP-A1-0 205 805.
Die Patentschrift CH 157 404 beschreibt eine Einrichtung zur Schalldämpfung für Maschinen wie Schiffsmaschinen. Die Einrichtung ist für das Übertragen von Schubkräften ungeeignet.The patent specification CH 157 404 describes a device for sound absorption for Machines like ship machines. The facility is for transferring Unsuitable thrust.
Die Befestigungseinrichtung nach der Erfindung bringt hier eine Verbesserung, indem die umständlichen Hin- und Hertransporte der Befestigungseinrichtung entfallen.The fastening device according to the invention brings an improvement here, by the cumbersome back and forth transportation of the fastener omitted.
Erfindungsgemäss ist eine derartige Befestigungseinrichtung durch die Merkmale im Kennzeichen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gekennzeichnet. Die abhängigen Ansprüche beziehen sich auf vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung.Such a fastening device according to the invention is characterized by the features characterized in the characterizing part of independent claim 1. The dependent ones Claims relate to advantageous embodiments of the invention.
Die Befestigungseinrichtung nach der Erfindung kann ohne irgendwelche Hilfsmittel angebracht werden und ohne dass schwere und schwierig zu handhabende Teile der Befestigungseinrichtung auf umständlichen Wegen aus dem Motorraum hin zur Werkstatt und wieder zurück in den Motorraum zu transportieren sind.The fastening device according to the invention can be used without any Aids can be attached and without being heavy and difficult to use handling parts of the fastening device from cumbersome ways the engine compartment to the workshop and back to the engine compartment are transported.
Im Schiffsboden sind ein oder mehrere Löcher mit Übermass für die Befestigungseinrichtung vorbereitet und der Teil der Befestigungseinrichtung, d.h. die Befestigungshülse oder Schubhülse welche durch dieses Loch verläuft, wird in dieses Loch eingegossen. Die Schubhülse kann dabei ein- oder mehrteilig sein. There are one or more holes in the longstrip for the Fastener prepared and the part of the fastener, i.e. the mounting sleeve or push sleeve which runs through this hole is in poured this hole. The thrust sleeve can be one or more parts.
Das Loch braucht nicht besonders präzise zu sein und kann leicht mit einem Laserbrenner in den Boden geschnitten werden. Das exakte, formschlüssige Einpassen der Schubhülse oder der Schubhülsen erfolgt dann mit dem Vergiessen des Bodens mit der Hülse bzw. den Hülsen. Durch die Hülseneinrichtung läuft dann eine Schraube, welche einerseits auf dem Motorgehäuse abgestützt ist und deren Schraubenmutter am anderen Ende direkt oder indirekt d.h. über eine Unterlegscheibe auf dem Schiffsboden abgestützt ist. Die Unterlegscheibe kann eine Kugelpfannenscheibe sein, auf der sich die als Kugelmutter ausgebildete Mutter abstützt. Die Schraube ist als sog. Dehnbolzen ausgebildet, d.h. sie ist aus Stahl gefertigt und vorgespannt, so dass Vibrationen des Motors kein Lösen der Schraubenmutter bewirken können.The hole does not need to be particularly precise and can easily be done with one Laser burners can be cut into the floor. The exact, form-fitting The thrust sleeve or the thrust sleeves are then fitted with the Potting the soil with the sleeve or sleeves. Through the Sleeve device then runs a screw, which on the one hand on the Motor housing is supported and its screw nut directly at the other end or indirectly i.e. is supported on the ship's floor by a washer. The washer can be a ball cup washer on which the as Ball nut supports trained nut. The screw is a so-called expansion bolt trained, i.e. it is made of steel and pre-stressed so that vibrations motor cannot loosen the screw nut.
Als Giessmasse ist jedes giessbare Material geeignet, das die auftretenden Schubkräfte und Wechselbelastungen zu ertragen vermag, ohne dass das Material fliesst, zerfällt, beschädigt wird oder sich sonstwie so verändert, dass die Übertragung der Schubkräfte und das Festhalten des Motors in seiner Lage nicht mehr gewährleistet sind. Als Giessmasse geeignet sind beispielsweise Blei, Zinn, Zink rein oder legiert, Messing, Bronze, aber auch Giessharze wie armierte oder nicht armierte Giessharze die beispielsweise unter Markennamen wie Epocast, oder Chockfast etc. im Markt erhältlich sind, d.h. das gleiche Material welches auch verwendet wird, um den Motor zu untergiessen.Any pourable material is suitable as the casting compound that the occurring Can withstand thrust and alternating loads without this Material flows, disintegrates, is damaged or otherwise changes in such a way that the Transfer of the thrust and not holding the motor in place are more guaranteed. Suitable casting compounds are, for example, lead, tin, Zinc pure or alloyed, brass, bronze, but also casting resins such as armored or non-reinforced casting resins that are sold under brand names such as Epocast, or Chockfast etc. are available on the market, i.e. the same material which is also used to infuse the engine.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Figur erläutert, in welcher ein Beispiel einer Befestigungseinrichtung nach der Erfindung schematisch, teilweise geschnitten dargestellt ist.The invention is explained with reference to the figure, in which an example of a Fastening device according to the invention schematically, partially cut is shown.
Die Befestigungseinrichtung 1, ist seitlich an der Wand 11 des Motorgehäuses
angeordnet. Der Boden 12 des Motorgehäuses ist seitlich über die Wand 11
hinaus verlängert. Über der Verlängerung 12' des Bodens ist ein Ansatz 13
angeordnet. Dieser Ansatz 13 ist zusätzlich mit einer Stützwand 11' auf der
Verlängerung 12' abgestützt. The fastening device 1 is on the side of the
Ansatz 13 und Verlängerung 12' weisen übereinanderliegende
Bohrungen 130, 120' auf. Der Motor steht auf einem Bett
1215, das zwischen dem Motorboden 12 und dem Schiffsboden
15 angeordnet ist. In den Schiffsboden 15 wurde ein Loch
150 gemacht, beispielsweise mit einem Laser- oder einem
Gas-Schneidbrenner ausgebrannt, das in der Verlängerung des
durch die Löcher 130, 120' bestimmten Zylinders liegt.
Dieses Loch 150 ist so gross, dass die Hülse 16, die durch
die Bohrungen 130 und 120' geführt ist, auch durch das Loch
150 im Boden 15 passt. Im gezeigten Beispiel weist die
Hülse 16 einen Bund oder Kragen 161 auf, der auf dem Ansatz
13 abgestützt ist.
Durch die Hülse 16 ist ein Schraubbolzen 14 geführt, der
durch den das Loch 150 durch den Schiffsboden 15 ragt. Am
oberen Ende ist eine Mutter 141 aufgeschraubt, die über den
Bund 161 auf dem Ansatz 13 des Motorgehäuses abgestützt
ist. Der Schraubbolzen 14 ist als Dehnbolzen ausgebildet,
so dass er die grossen Kräfte, die bei den Bewegungen des
sich verwindenden und verdrehenden Schiffskörpers und
Schiffsbodens auftreten, elastisch ausgleichen kann und
durch Vibrationen nicht gelöst wird. Am unteren Ende des
Schraubbolzens 14 ist eine Unterlegscheibe oder Ringscheibe
17 über das Ende des Schraubenbolzens 14 und das Ende der
Hülse 16 gestülpt und auf der Unterseite des Bodens 15
abgestützt. Die Ringscheibe 17 ist im gezeigten Beispiel
als Kugelpfannenscheibe 17 ausgebildet. Die Kugelmutter 142
ist über die Kugelpfannenscheibe 17 auf der Unterseite des
Bodens 15 abgestützt. Es wäre natürlich auch möglich, statt
der besonders gut geeigneten Kugelpfannenscheibe 17 und der
sich selbst zentrierenden Kugelmutter 142 eine andere
Scheiben-Schraubenmutteranordnung zu verwenden oder die
Länge der Hülse 16 so zu wählen, dass sie den Boden 15
unten nicht überragt. Dann könnte eine gewöhnliche
Schraubenmutter z.B. direkt oder über eine Unterlegscheibe
auf der Unterseite des Bodens 15 abgestützt werden. Through the
Um mit der Befestigungseinrichtung grosse Schubkräfte vom
Motorgehäuse auf den Schiffsboden, also auf das Schiff zu
übertragen, soll die Hülse 16 im Bereich des Lochs 150 mit
dem Schiffsboden 15 formschlüssig verbunden werden, was mit
dem Eingiessen der Hülse 16 in das Loch 150 im Boden 15 des
Schiffs, also des Raumes 1516 mit einer Giessmasse 19
geschieht. Zwischen der Stirnfläche der Hülse 16 und der
Kugelpfannenscheibe 17 kann eine Dichtung 18 vorgesehen
sein, welche das Ausfliessen der flüssigen Giessmasse in
den Raum zwischen der Hülse 16 und dem Dehnbolzen 14
verhindert.To with the fastener large thrust from
Motor housing on the ship's bottom, i.e. towards the ship
transferred, the
Die Schubkräfte übertragende Befestigungseinrichtung 1
zwischen einem Motor, insbesondere einem Dieselmotor und
dem Boden 15 eines Schiffs, umfasst eine Schubhülse 16, die
durch eine Öffnung 130, 120 im Motorgehäuse und eine
Öffnung 150 im Boden 15 des Schiffs verlauft, welche
Übermass hat, das also grösser ist als der Querschnitt der
Schubhülse 16. Der Raum 1516 zwischen dem Rand dieser
Öffnung 150 im Boden 15 des Schiffs und der Aussenseite der
Schubhülse 16 ist im Bereich der Öffnung 150 mit Übermass
mit einer Giessmasse 19 ausgegossen. Eine Schraube 14, die
durch die Schubhülse 16 verläuft und auf der einen Seite am
Motorgehäuse 11, 13 abgestützt ist und auf der anderen
Seite auf dem Boden 15 des Schiffs abgestützt ist, wird
unter Vorspannung verschraubt.Fastening device 1 transmitting the thrust forces
between an engine, especially a diesel engine and
the
Claims (8)
- Mounting apparatus (1) transmitting thrust forces between an engine, in particular a Diesel engine, and the bottom deck (15) of a ship,
characterised bya thrust sleeve (16) which extends through an opening (120, 130) in the engine housing (12, 12', 13) and an opening (150) in the bottom deck (15),by a cast material (19) between the boundary of the opening (150) in the bottom deck (15) of the ship and the outer side of that part of the thrust sleeve (16) which extends in the opening (150) in the bottom deck (15),a bolt (14) which extends through the thrust sleeve (16) and is supported at the one end on the engine housing (11, 13) or on the base of the engine (12, 12') andis braced at the other end against the bottom deck (15) of the ship. - Mounting apparatus (1) in accordance with claim 1, in which the bolt (14) is braced at one end on the bottom deck (15) of the ship and is braced at the other end on a flange (161) of the thrust sleeve (16), which is in turn braced against the engine housing (11, 13).
- Mounting apparatus (1) in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2 in which the bolt (14, 141) is supported at one end of the thrust sleeve (16) via a threaded nut (142) and a washer (17) on the bottom deck (15) of the ship or on the engine housing (11, 11', 13) respectively.
- Mounting apparatus (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 3 in which the one of the threaded nuts is a spherically faced nut (142) which is supported on a spherically recessed washer (17).
- Mounting apparatus (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 4 in which the cast material (19) is a plastic or a metal.
- Mounting apparatus (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 5 in which the bolt is an extensible bolt (14).
- Mounting apparatus (1) in accordance with one of the claims 3 to 5 with a sleeve device in which a first sleeve (16) projects into a washer (17), preferably into a spherically recessed washer (17).
- Ship with an engine which is secured to the bottom deck (15) of the ship by means of a mounting apparatus (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1164/95 | 1995-04-24 | ||
| CH116495 | 1995-04-24 | ||
| CH116495 | 1995-04-24 | ||
| PCT/CH1996/000139 WO1996033911A1 (en) | 1995-04-24 | 1996-04-17 | Device for transmitting thurst |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0824450A1 EP0824450A1 (en) | 1998-02-25 |
| EP0824450B1 true EP0824450B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 |
Family
ID=4203978
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96908985A Expired - Lifetime EP0824450B1 (en) | 1995-04-24 | 1996-04-17 | Device for transmitting thurst |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0824450B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100436163B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1071669C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59603356D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0824450T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996033911A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016009470B3 (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-08-17 | Olaf und André Tünkers GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Dipl.-Ing. Olaf Tünkers, 40885 Ratingen + Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. André Tünkers, 40880 Ratingen) | Modular device of polygonal in cross section on its outer side designed tubes |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH157404A (en) * | 1931-06-26 | 1932-09-30 | Wyss Hans Ing Dipl | Device for soundproofing for machines, in particular for ship machines. |
| FR1471103A (en) * | 1966-03-14 | 1967-02-24 | Lord Corp | Method for damping vibrations of elements such as ship hulls and other structural surfaces and elements so treated |
| US3851607A (en) * | 1973-03-29 | 1974-12-03 | Gen Electric | Regenerator support system for marine gas turbine |
| DE3437318A1 (en) * | 1984-10-11 | 1986-04-17 | Aleksandr Aleksandrovič Aleksandrov | Method for assembling a ship's crosshead main engine on the foundation |
| DE3522188A1 (en) * | 1985-06-18 | 1986-12-18 | Gebrüder Sulzer AG, Winterthur | Support between the base plate of a reciprocating internal-combustion engine loaded by axial thrust and the deck plate of a ship's foundation |
| DE3613692A1 (en) * | 1986-04-23 | 1987-11-05 | Opel Adam Ag | Screw connection |
-
1996
- 1996-04-17 DK DK96908985T patent/DK0824450T3/en active
- 1996-04-17 WO PCT/CH1996/000139 patent/WO1996033911A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-04-17 KR KR1019970707493A patent/KR100436163B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-04-17 CN CN96193479A patent/CN1071669C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-17 DE DE59603356T patent/DE59603356D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-17 EP EP96908985A patent/EP0824450B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR19990007969A (en) | 1999-01-25 |
| KR100436163B1 (en) | 2004-09-04 |
| JPH11504287A (en) | 1999-04-20 |
| WO1996033911A1 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
| CN1182395A (en) | 1998-05-20 |
| EP0824450A1 (en) | 1998-02-25 |
| CN1071669C (en) | 2001-09-26 |
| JP3696251B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
| DE59603356D1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
| DK0824450T3 (en) | 2000-01-03 |
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