EP0205723A1 - Mobile track-working machine and method for bending the ends of laid rails in the joint zone - Google Patents

Abstract

Mobile tamping and straightening machine (1), with a device (10) for bending the ends of installed rails (4) in the area of butt joints, consisting of a support frame (16) arranged above the rail (4) and height-adjustable to the machine frame (2) , which is provided with end areas which extend in the longitudinal direction of the machine and which can be placed against the top of the rail, and a central, pincer-like lifting tool designed to engage the rail (4). Two lifting tongs (21) are provided as lifting tools, which are arranged between the abutments designed as hydraulically height-adjustable pressure rams (19) and symmetrical to the vertical rail plane, and are mounted on the support frame (16) so as to be pivotable about an axis (20) running in the machine longitudinal direction, each of which lifting tongs (21) designed to engage under the rail head are connected to their own pivoting drive (22).

Description

The invention relates to a mobile track processing machine, in particular tamping and straightening machine, with a device for bending the ends of rails installed in the region of joints, consisting of at least one support frame arranged above the rail and height-adjustable to the machine frame, with its end regions extending in the machine longitudinal direction arranged and against the top of the rail abutments and a central, designed to attack the rail, pliers-like lifting tool is provided.

It is a mobile track processing machine of this type - according to DE-PS 24 18 318 of the same applicant - with a device for bending the rail ends in the area of joints known. This consists of a support frame guided on the track by two spaced-apart undercarriages, which can be adjusted to the machine frame by means of height adjustment drives. In the middle between these undercarriages, which also serve as abutments, a pliers-like or hook-like lifting tool for engaging the rail is provided, which is designed to be height-adjustable by means of a cylinder-piston drive for lifting the rail ends. A height-adjustable holding roller, which can be mechanically blocked by a fixing or locking device, is arranged on both sides of the lifting tool on the supporting frame. To control the various drives of the bending device, a control device that can be set with the desired bending value and a scale designed as a measured value transducer and arranged on the support frame with a feeler element resting on the rail joint are provided. When bending upwards by adjusting the height of the lifting tool, support rollers resting on the rail ends are raised together with the scanning element while detuning the transducer until the signal emitted by the transducer matches the preset target value. The entire bending process is advantageously carried out in a single operation.

According to AT-PS 348 569 by the same applicant, a mobile track tamping machine with a device for bending the rail ends in the region of butt joints is also known. This consists of a height-adjustable support frame articulated on the machine frame, at the longitudinal ends of which an abutment is arranged in the form of a hydraulic pressure cylinder with downward-facing pressure stamps which can be placed on the rail running surface. Between these, a lifting tool designed as a lifting hook for engaging below the rail foot and pivotable transversely to the machine longitudinal direction is provided, which is mounted in a vertically adjustable slot in an indentation of the support frame open to the outside of the machine in a vertical guide slot for swiveling out and in. The lifting hook is additionally guided via a bolt in a further, partially curved guide slot and is connected in the region of its lower end to a hydraulic cylinder supported on the support frame for lateral pivoting. Between the lifting hook and the plunger, a wheel flange roller that can be unrolled on the rail head and a pair of lifting rollers are arranged on the supporting frame, so that the known device can also be used as a track lifting / straightening unit for lifting and straightening the track into the desired position. For the bending process with this machine, the lifting hook is swung in sideways under the foot of the rail held by the pairs of lifting rollers and the plunger of each abutment is lowered onto the rail travel surface. The size of the bending moment effective in the vertical longitudinal plane of the rail can be individually changed by adjusting the height of the pressure stamp. Rail joints that are very deeply retracted are further advantageously bent up beyond the level of the other rails or rails. This known device for the relatively new technology of rail butt bending of installed rails has already proven itself in use. However, the attack of the lifting hook under the rail foot is disadvantageous, since the sleeper compartment often has to be cleared of the ballast in order to create enough space for the lifting hook attack.

The object of the invention is to provide a mobile track processing machine of the type described in the introduction, with which very high bending forces can be easily transferred to the laid rail with a structurally simple design.

The object of the invention is now achieved with the track processing machine described in the introduction in that two lifting tongs are provided as lifting tools, which are arranged between the abutments designed as hydraulically height-adjustable pressure rams and symmetrically to the vertical rail plane, and are pivotally mounted on the support frame about an axis running in the machine longitudinal direction , wherein each lifting clamp designed to attack under the rail head is connected to its own pivoting drive. With the rail head clamped on both sides by means of the central pair of lifting tongs pivotally pivoted to the side of the support frame, very high pressing forces directed onto the rails by both pressure stamps can advantageously be introduced into the rail as bending forces on both sides as bending forces, so that, above all, also a larger cross section having rails are bendable with great accuracy. In addition, the simple and stable, laterally pivotable mounting of both lifting tongs means that the highest and impact-like bending forces can be transferred to the lifting tools and the rail fasteners, which are advantageous symmetrical load distributions to the rail - which can be easily and quickly grasped by the attack of the lifting tongs under the rail head . This particularly stable and robust impact-resistant bearing of the lifting tongs as well as the intimate connection - reinforced by the contact pressure of the swiveling cylinders assigned to each lifting tongs - is therefore particularly suitable for those who increase the bending accuracy, but particularly the lifting elements due to repeated extreme shock loads suitable for gradual bending. This simple construction with the lifting tongs engaging under the rail head also increases performance.

According to a further advantageous feature arrangement according to the invention, both lifting tongs or the pair of lifting tongs are pivotally mounted laterally on an intermediate carrier which is arranged movably in a recess of the support frame transversely to the machine longitudinal direction. Through this pendulum-like mounting of the two lifting tongs on a substantially freely movable in the transverse direction Intermediate support can be achieved in a particularly advantageous manner with each lifting process for automatic load balancing for uniform loading of the lifting tongs and for a precise bending in the vertical rail plane. Thus - especially in track arches - slight transverse displacements of the longitudinal center of the bending device and rail or, for example, the rail twists do not lead to disadvantageous one-sided overloading.

A further advantageous embodiment according to the invention is that the intermediate carrier, which is preferably symmetrical in the plane of the machine longitudinal and pair of lifting tongs, is concavely curved in the region of its lower support adjoining the supporting frame and a supporting part which is suitable for wear is supported between the support of the intermediate carrier and the supporting frame is arranged. This advantageous mounting of the intermediate girder enables this oscillating suspension of the two lifting tongs with minimal design effort, which also withstands particularly high loads with constant automatic load balancing. The support frame can be protected against wear and tear as well as a reduction in strength due to the arrangement of a support part that is easily exchangeable after it has been worn.

A particularly advantageous embodiment according to the invention is characterized in that the articulation point of the preferably hydraulic pivoting drive on the lifting tongs is arranged at a distance from the articulation point of the intermediate support and lifting tongs directly adjacent to the supporting frame in the transverse direction of the machine. Due to the articulation point of the lifting tongs which is directly adjacent to the supporting frame, the bending load on the intermediate carrier, which is particularly disadvantageous for the bending accuracy, can be kept low even with the highest bending forces. With the lateral spacing of the articulation point of the lifting tongs and swivel drive, an advantageous lever effect is formed, which leads to an increase in the forceps closing force for a higher security of the fixation of the rail head.

The invention further relates to a particularly advantageous method for bending the rail ends in the area of joints with a track processing machine according to the invention, the rail ends being raised to a permanent deformation against the resistance of abutments pressing on the rail. This method consists in using the two outer pressure plungers placed on the rails as a measuring base by means of two displacement transducers arranged in the area of the joint and resting on the rail ends and connected to electrical displacement transducers, and this is determined by a control device is fed, and then the butt ends are grasped by the lifting pliers located between the pressure plungers below the rail head and are gradually raised to a preselected upper bending tolerance value by loading the two pressure plungers with continuous measurement of the displacement path or bending value, whereby between the individual bending stages - while maintaining the clamping of the rail head between the lifting tongs - each relieves the pressure stamp and the bending values automatically with increasing proximity to the upper bend tolerance value - depending on the in the e in the unloaded state of the measured values taken - can be reduced. This method according to the invention on the basis of a rail joint bending by repeated application of forces with constant measurement of the bending path can be carried out even more quickly and precisely, in particular in connection with the design of the lifting element according to the invention, since the exposed rail head can be detected quickly and safely without additional preparatory work and also by the double-sided clamping is guided by means of the lifting tongs during the entire bend. This is particularly important during the pressure relief after the individual bends, because even in this state, due to the permanent clamping, no lateral deviation of the rail joint, for example due to internal stresses, is possible.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment shown in the drawing.

• Fig.l eine schematische Seitenansicht einer fahrbaren Gleisstopfmaschine mit einer Einrichtung zum Biegen der Enden einer verlegten Schiene des Gleises im Bereich einer Stoßstelle,
• Fig.2 eine vergrößerte Seitenansicht der Biegeeinrichtung nach Fig.1,
• Fig.3 einen Querschnitt durch die Biegeeinrichtung gemäß der Schnittlinie III-III in Fig.2,
• Fig.4 eine teilweise Draufsicht und Schnitt durch die Biegeeinrichtung gemäß der Schnittlinie IV-IV in Fig.2,
• Fig.5 ein Kraft-Biegeweg-Diagramm als Folge einer schrittweisen Biegung des Schienenstoßes durch die erfindungsgemäße Biegeeinrichtung und
• Fig.6 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Hebezange zum Angriff unter dem Schienenkopf mit einer Kraftmeßeinrichtung in schematischer Teil-Seitenansicht.

Show it:

• Fig.l is a schematic side view of a mobile track pot machine with a device for bending the ends of a laid rail of the track in the region of a joint,
• 2 shows an enlarged side view of the bending device according to FIG. 1,
• 3 shows a cross section through the bending device according to section line III-III in FIG. 2,
• 4 shows a partial top view and section through the bending device according to section line IV-IV in FIG. 2,
• 5 shows a force-bending path diagram as a result of a gradual bending of the rail joint by the bending device according to the invention and
• 6 shows another embodiment of a lifting tongs for attacking under the rail head with a force measuring device in a schematic partial side view.

The track tamping and straightening machine 1 shown in FIG. 1 has an elongated machine frame 2 which is supported at the end in the area of driving cabs on rail bogies 3 which can be moved on a track formed by rails 4 and cross sleepers 5. A drive and energy supply device 6 is arranged on the machine frame 2 and a travel drive 8 is provided for advancing the machine 1 in the working direction shown by an arrow 7. In the area of the rear undercarriage 3, a tamping unit 9 with adjustable and vibratable tamping tools is mounted on the machine frame so that it can be adjusted in height and displaced transversely. The tamping unit 9 is preceded by a device 10 for bending the rail ends of a laid track in the region of a rail joint 11, which is height-adjustable by a cylinder-piston drive 12 and can be controlled by a control device 13. The entire bending device 10 can be transversely displaced from one to the opposite rail track by means of spars 14 running transversely to the machine longitudinal direction and connected to the machine frame 2. A working cabin is attached to the machine frame 2 immediately upstream of the bending device lo, through which a precise observation of the bending processes is possible.

The bending device 10 shown enlarged and detailed in FIGS. 2 to 4 consists of an elongated support frame 16 which can be supported on the rail 4 by means of two double flanged rollers 15 and which is connected to the machine frame 2 in a height-adjustable and transverse manner by means of an extension arm 17. At each end in the longitudinal direction of the machine, an abutment in the form of a hydraulic pressure cylinder 18 is connected to the support frame 16 with a pressure ram 19 which can be placed on the rail running surface. In the middle between these plungers 19 there are two lifting tongs 21 which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical rail and which are pivotable about an axis running in the longitudinal direction of the machine or as a lifting tool. Each lifting clamp 21 designed to engage under the rail head is connected to a pivoting drive 22, which is supported in each case on two lateral extension arms 23 connected to the supporting frame 16.

As can be seen in particular in FIG. 3, both lifting tongs 21 are pivoted laterally on an intermediate support 24, which is arranged movably in a corresponding recess 25 of the support frame 16 essentially transversely to the machine longitudinal direction. In the area of its lower support 26 adjoining the support frame 16, the intermediate support 24, which is symmetrical to the rail vertical plane or the pair of lifting tongs, is concavely curved, a support part 27 suitable for wear being arranged between the support 26 and the support frame 16. For better understanding, only the pressure stamp 19 is shown in dashed lines behind the lifting tongs 21 in FIG. The articulation point 28 of the pivoting drive 22 on the lifting tongs 21 is arranged at a distance from the articulation point 2o directly adjacent to the support frame 16 of the intermediate support 24 and lifting tongs 21 in the transverse direction of the machine, so that the pressing force of the pivoting drive 22 is increased by lever action on the lifting tongs 21 and from the latter the rail 4 is exercised. Between each plunger 19 and the adjacent double flanged roller 15-i, a pair of lifting rollers 29, which can be adjusted like a pair of pliers, is articulated on the supporting frame 16, each with a rotatable lifting plate designed to bear below the rail head (for simplification in FIG. 4 only shown with dash-dotted lines). In order to the bending device lo can be used together with the height adjustment drive 12 and a straightening drive 3o (FIG. 4) articulated on the support frame 16 as a conventional track lifting and straightening unit for leveling and straightening the track.

To control the bending process, a measuring device 31 (FIGS. 2 and 4) measuring the deformation or bending path is provided, which is formed from four height-adjustable pushbuttons 32 on the supporting frame 16 and a measuring bar 33 and height-adjustable displacement transducers 34 arranged on both sides of the lifting tongs 21 . Each of these displacement transducers 34, which has a sensing shoe 35 at the lower end, is connected to an electrical displacement transducer 36 in the region of the upper end adjoining the measuring bar 33. The two buttons 32 located in the area of the pressure stamp 19 are articulatedly connected to the measuring beam 33 and rest with their lower end on a base plate 37 connected to the pressure stamp 19.

The functioning of the bending device according to the invention for bending the rail ends in the region of joints of laid rails is described in more detail below.

As soon as a, for example, floating and welded rail joint 11 of the rails 4 is reached, the pair of lifting tongs 21 is centered exactly above the rail joint 11 by moving the machine 1 and the bending device 10 is lowered onto the rail 4 when the lifting tongs 21 are spread apart. This is detected by pressing the pairs of lifting rollers 29 below the rail head and brought into the desired position of the track determined by the track straightening and leveling reference system of the machine 1 by means of the drive 12 and optionally also the straightening drive 3o. Subsequently, both lifting tongs 21 are pressed against the rail 4 by actuating the swivel drives 22 assigned to them below the rail head, with limit switches 38 (FIG. 3) serving as a safety device interrupting each subsequent application of the pressure stamp 19 if the lifting tongs 21 are not in full engagement stand with the rail 4. So soferne by the correct one End position of the lifting tongs 21 is not interrupted by the two limit switches 38, the two pressure rams 19 are next automatically acted upon by the control device 13 and placed on the rail 4. The buttons 32 resting on the base plates 37 are also lowered and form a zero base for the measurement of the required bending path. Deviating from this zero basis, the two feeler shoes 35 of the central displacement transducers 34 are placed on the rail ends in accordance with the lowering of the rail joint 11. In this case, the deviation from the measuring bar 33 representing the zero base is determined by the electrical displacement transducers 36 and the corresponding measurement signal is fed as a control variable for the following iterative (step-by-step) bending process to the control device 13 which is designed with integrated control electronics.

The first bend is initiated by acting on the pressure plunger 19, which forms a 3-point bending system with the lifting tongs 21, in order to generate pressing forces represented by force arrows 39 (FIG. 2) on the rail 4. The lowering of the pressure rams 19 results in the lifting of the support frame 16 together with the lifting tongs 21 fastened thereon, so that an upward bending force shown by a force arrow 40 is exerted with them. After the bend has taken place, the pressure rams 19 are relieved and the path of the bend is determined with the aid of the displacement transducers 34. This bending path as a result of the previous bending step forms the bending dimension for the next following bending process, which is automatically determined by the control device 13. The activity of the machine operator is limited to triggering the bending process by pressing the control device 13 and monitoring the entire bending process. This is complete as soon as a preset tolerance value is reached. The rail joint 11 raised to the target value is consequently still supported by the tamping unit 9 of the machine 1 in order to avoid further deformation loads.

5, the step-by-step bending process is shown graphically on a diagram, 46 of the force and 47 of the ver corresponds to the shaping or bending path. The size 48 shows the entire bending path having a tolerance value 51, the difference between 48 and 49 corresponding to the bending path reached in the first bending step. The difference between 49 and 50 or 50 and 51 corresponds to the second or third bending step. As can be clearly seen from the line of force, the elastic bending behavior means that each step of the bending requires the rail joint to be displaced beyond the actual bending value in order to finally obtain a plastic deformation.

However, it is also, as shown schematically in FIG. 6, by forming a pressing part 43 designed to be movable relative to a base plate 41 of a lifting tongs 42 and interposing force measuring devices 44, e.g. on the basis of piezoelectricity or load cells, possible to measure the bending force at the same time as the bending path in addition to the bending path. This can e.g. when the cross section of the rail 45 to be bent and the required bending path are entered into a process computer, the force required for the bending is automatically determined and used as a control variable for the bending which can then be carried out in one step.

Claims (5)

1. Mobile track processing machine, in particular tamping and straightening machine, with a device for bending the ends of rails installed in the area of joints, consisting of at least one support frame arranged above the rail and height-adjustable to the machine frame, which is arranged with its end areas extending in the machine longitudinal direction and against the rail top abutments and a central, designed to attack the rail, pliers-like lifting tool, characterized in that two lifting tongs (21) are provided as the lifting tool, which are symmetrical between the abutments designed as hydraulically height-adjustable pressure rams (19) arranged to the vertical rail level and are mounted on the support frame so as to be pivotable about an axis running in the longitudinal direction of the machine, each lifting clamp (21) designed to engage under the rail head being connected to its own pivoting drive (22). 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that both lifting tongs (21) or the pair of lifting tongs are pivotally mounted laterally on an intermediate support (24) which is arranged in a recess (25) of the support frame (16) movably transversely to the machine longitudinal direction. 3. Machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the preferably in the machine longitudinal and pair of lifting pliers plane symmetrical intermediate carrier (24) in the region of its lower, on the support frame (16) adjacent support (26) concave and between the Support (26) of the intermediate carrier (24) and the support frame (16) is arranged a support part (27) suitable for wear. 4. Machine according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the articulation point of the preferably hydraulic The pivoting drive (22) on the lifting tongs (21) is arranged at a distance from the articulation point of the intermediate carrier (24) and lifting tongs (21) which is directly adjacent to the supporting frame. 5. A method for bending the rail ends in the region of joints with a machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rail ends are raised against the resistance of the abutment pressing on the rail to a permanent deformation, characterized in that using the two outer , pressure stamps placed on the rails as a measuring base are determined by two displacement transducers arranged in the area of the joint, resting on the rail ends and connected to electrical displacement transducers, and the deviation is fed to a control device, and the shock ends are then fed through between the pressure stamps located lifting tongs below the rail head and gradually raised to a preselected upper bending tolerance value by acting on the two pressure stamps while continuously measuring the displacement path or bending value, between the individual bending steps en - while maintaining the clamping of the rail head between the lifting tongs - the pressure ram is relieved and the bending values are automatically reduced with increasing proximity to the upper bend tolerance value - depending on the measured values taken in the unloaded state.

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