EP0204852B1 - Method for reinforcing concrete panels and device for performing this method - Google Patents
Method for reinforcing concrete panels and device for performing this method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0204852B1 EP0204852B1 EP19850107123 EP85107123A EP0204852B1 EP 0204852 B1 EP0204852 B1 EP 0204852B1 EP 19850107123 EP19850107123 EP 19850107123 EP 85107123 A EP85107123 A EP 85107123A EP 0204852 B1 EP0204852 B1 EP 0204852B1
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- Prior art keywords
- reinforcement
- wire rods
- lattice
- concrete
- designed
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
- E04C5/04—Mats
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/022—Means for inserting reinforcing members into the mould or for supporting them in the mould
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for reinforcing concrete slabs according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 8.
- Concrete slabs or other prefabricated concrete parts of this type are generally provided with reinforcements. These reinforcements are first calculated and manufactured according to static requirements and are then introduced into the slab manufacturing device, into which liquid concrete is then poured and compacted. Two methods are currently used to manufacture such reinforcements. In the one, which is assumed here, a stock of wire rods on site, that is at the slab production site, and by hand, the reinforcement according to the static requirements of a concrete slab to be manufactured, mechanically at the crossing points by brackets or in some other way Connections are made by welding, so that a mat-like reinforcement is created. A disadvantage of this procedure is that, due to the manual production, the production speed is extremely low in comparison to the cycle speed in the production of the concrete slabs themselves.
- the production speed depends on it also very much depends on whether the reinforcement has a comparatively uniform structure or not. If, for example, numerous cutouts or breakthroughs are to be provided in the concrete slab to be produced, the reinforcement has a relatively complicated structure. So that you can keep up with the cycle speed of the production of the concrete slabs yourself, several workplaces are required, which must be worked on simultaneously. Nevertheless, there can be considerable dead times, especially when the reinforcements to be manufactured differ greatly from one another.
- factory-made reinforcement meshes are used, which are adapted to the respective requirements after delivery on site, that is at the panel production site.
- Specially trained mesh welding machines are used to manufacture reinforcement mats of this type, which are usually regularly designed (see FR-A-12 15 087, LU-A-44 653) and are intended to work continuously.
- mesh welding machines it is known to make the outer dimensions of the reinforcement mats, which are otherwise regularly formed, adjustable (CH-A-497 214), but taking into account recesses, bevel cuts, edge sections or the like is not possible in the factory.
- the wire rod spacing in one dimension direction, namely the spacing of the cross bars, can be changed by means of another known mesh welding machine for the factory production of reinforcement meshes (CH-A-488 521).
- the adjustment of the spacing of the cross bars may be simple in the known mat production device, but it is quite complex, at least so complex that the operator of this device a minimum series of considerable quantities (in practice not less than 100) requires that he agrees to change the setting of his device accordingly.
- such a reinforcement mesh must, on the one hand, have an adjustment on site with regard to the defects of uniform longitudinal bar spacing, i.e. at the plate production site, and on the other hand must be adapted to take account of recesses, breakouts or breakthroughs also on site, i.e. be subjected at the plate production site.
- the device for performing the method is characterized by the features of claims 8 to 13.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the problem can be achieved by automated manufacture of reinforcements on site.
- the cycle speed during the manufacture of the reinforcement can be brought into a range that corresponds to the (fastest) production speed of concrete slabs for the most favorable case for this.
- the waste can be made extremely low. If only a selection of wire diameters is used, storage is also very simple, space-saving and therefore inexpensive.
- Automation in the manufacture of reinforcement also makes it possible to use workers who do not require high qualifications. This is because it is advantageously automatically displayed at which points a wire of which diameter and in what length must be arranged in the reinforcement. Everything else can be fully automated, in particular the connection of the wire rods to one another.
- an electromagnetic lifting device can be provided with which the designed mat-like in an electromagnetic manner The reinforcement is lifted and brought to the production device and can be held there until the poured concrete has reached a certain hardening state.
- the reinforcement can be placed on a pallet or can be manufactured on this pallet itself and can be placed in an intermediate storage with this. This intermediate storage means that the manufacture of the reinforcements is comparatively independent of the currently required cycle time of the manufacturing device.
- such a memory can serve as a buffer between several devices for the production of reinforcements and several devices for manufacturing the concrete slabs.
- Wires of different diameters are stored in a wire store.
- wire of a selected diameter is drawn from the wire store and straightened.
- the aligned wire rod is cut to length.
- the wire rod cut to length is arranged in position in the grid according to the predefined reinforcement and fixed in position.
- the able fixed mesh-like and in so far finished reinforcement is temporarily stored in a buffer, in which, as shown, manufactured reinforcements from other devices can also be buffered. These temporarily stored mat-like reinforcements are called up as required by a manufacturing device for concrete slabs. As shown, several such manufacturing devices can be provided.
- Such a manufacturing device can for example have the structure according to DE-PS 30 47 650.
- the execution of the various steps is controlled by a controller, whereby an essentially automated manufacturing operation can be achieved.
- Theoretically it is possible to completely automate the production of such mat-like reinforcements.
- a semi-automatic operation may be expedient, in which workers without highly qualified training are left to pull off, cut to length and position, with appropriate aids being automatically given .
- the specification of the diameter of the wire to be drawn, the length with which it is to be cut, and the position in which the wire rod that has just been cut has to be positioned.
- the mat-like reinforcement which is almost ideally adapted to the respective static requirements, must remain unchangeable in its arrangement at least until the concrete in the production device has reached a certain hardening state.
- the positioned wire rods firmly welded to one another at the intersection points, at least at selected intersection points, for example by means of spot welding.
- spot welding devices can be arranged in the same grid, and can only be lowered and actuated for spot welding after the wire rods have been positioned.
- this procedure is relatively complex and expensive in view of the fact that the fixed connection is only required between the positioning and the degree of hardening of the concrete mentioned.
- Clamping or another mechanical connection which can be regarded as stable for a relatively short time, may already be sufficient.
- a simple and safe solution is provided if the manufactured mat-like reinforcement is lifted by means of an electromagnetic lifting device without other measures and lowered in the manufacturing device for the concrete slabs and is held in place (in an electromagnetic manner) until otherwise it is ensured that the wire rods can no longer shift against each other.
- This can be achieved, for example, by clamping the wire ends on the edge, by separate (lost) supports in the pallet for the production of the concrete slabs or in some other way.
- Fig. 2 shows a conventional pallet 1, on the supports 2 are arranged in a grid dimension which corresponds to the grid dimension of the mat-like reinforcement to be manufactured. These supports are preferably designed to be interchangeable so that they can be removed at those points where they are not required.
- the supports 2 have mutually perpendicular slots 3 and 4 in the top, which are wedge-shaped or V-shaped and into which the wire rods are inserted.
- wire rods 5 of a first diameter and wire rods 6 of a second diameter can be used in the same reinforcement 15.
- This reinforcement 15 has a recess 17, in whose area no wire rods are to be provided due to the static calculation and the other conditions of the concrete slab to be manufactured.
- the wire rods 5, 6 are essentially recorded immovably against each other, which is why a simple temporary storage is possible. Welding is not necessary.
- FIG. 2 shows a marking grid 7 which is height-adjustable in accordance with the arrow 16.
- Cold light sources 8 are provided at the crossing points of the marking grid 7, by means of which a light beam 14 can be emitted on or into the area of one of the supports 2 of the pallet 1 when excited .
- Such a cold light source 8 is formed by optical fibers 9 which can be "excited” by a light source 10 at the other end.
- the excitation of the light source 10 takes place via a control 11, which excites the corresponding light source 10 on the basis of the calculated reinforcement corresponding to the static requirements, in the area of which a wire 5, 6 must be arranged (or vice versa, may not be arranged).
- the control can take place in such a way that wire rods 5 of a first diameter are processed in a first step, wire rods 6 of a second diameter etc. are processed in a second step. Furthermore, the control can also be such that the rows and columns are scanned.
- the control 11 is designed so that it indicates to the worker where wire rods of which diameter are to be arranged in a soft place.
- the marking grid 7 according to FIG. 2 is also designed such that lifting magnets 12 are provided at the marking points corresponding to the crossing points and can be controlled by a lifting magnet control 13.
- the marking grid 7 is lowered with the aid of the height adjustment 16, and the lifting magnets 12 are then excited with the aid of the control 13. After excitation, the mat-like reinforcement 15 is lifted off completely and can be conveyed to any location, in particular to the production device.
- marking grids can be provided for the optical markings and for the lifting device.
- a marking grid for optical markings which does not have to be adjustable in height, is provided, and the wire rods 5, 6 are arranged in the slots 3, 4 of the supports 2 of the pallet 1 fixed in their position.
- the pallet 1 After completion of the mat-like reinforcement 15, the pallet 1 is placed in an intermediate storage.
- a corresponding marking grid for the lifting device is only actuated on site for introduction into the production device of the concrete slabs, this marking grid having to be adjustable in height.
- the pallet 1 can not only be used for the positioning of the wire rods 5, 6 to form the mat-like reinforcement 15, but can also be used for the production device with a suitable design.
- control 11 of the optical marking it should also be mentioned that it can be controlled, for example, with the aid of a computer, and that it can also be controlled, for example, via partially transparent films (negative or positive).
- control of the lifting device it should be noted that in individual cases not all lifting magnets 12 in the respective marking grid 7 need to be controlled, but only those that are sufficient on the basis of mathematical calculation to remove the mat-like reinforcement 15 such that the wire rods 5, 6 remain immovable.
- the method according to the invention achieves a considerable rationalization effect in concrete plants. Substantial steel savings are also possible since waste can be avoided almost completely.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bewehren von Betonplatten gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 8.The invention relates to a method for reinforcing concrete slabs according to the preamble of
Die Herstellung von Betonplatten als Fertigteile hat zunehmende Bedeutung erfahren. Es sind bereits Verfahren und Vorrichtungen bekanntgeworden, mit denen Betonplatten unterschiedlicher Abmessungen und mit hoher Taktgeschwindigkeit gefertigt werden können.The production of concrete slabs as prefabricated parts has become increasingly important. Methods and devices with which concrete slabs of different dimensions and at high cycle speeds can be produced have already become known.
Betonplatten oder andere Betonfertigteile dieser Art werden im allgemeinen mit Bewehrungen versehen. Diese Bewehrungen werden zunächst nach statischen Erfordernissen berechnet und gefertigt und werden dann in die Platten-Fertigungsvorrichtung eingeführt, in die dann flüssiger Beton eingegossen und verdichtet wird. Bei der Fertigung solcher Bewehrungen sind zur Zeit zwei Vorgehensweisen üblich. Bei der einen, von der hier ausgegangen wird, wird aus einem Lagervorrat von Drahtstäben vor Ort, das ist am Plattenfertigungsort, und von Hand die Bewehrung nach den statischen Erfordernissen einer zu fertigenden Betonplatte hergestellt, wobei an den Kreuzungspunkten mechanisch durch Klammern oder in anderer Weise durch Verschweißen Verbindungen hergestellt werden, so daß eine mattenartige Bewehrung entsteht. Nachteilig bei dieser Vorgehensweise ist, daß aufgrund der Handfertigung die Fertigungsgeschwindigkeit im Vergleich zur Taktgeschwindigkeit bei der Herstellung der Betonplatten selbst außerordentlich niedrig ist. Die Fertigungsgeschwindigkeit hängt dabei auch sehr wesentlich davon ab, ob die Bewehrung vergleichsweise gleichmäßige Struktur besitzt oder nicht. Wenn beispielsweise zahlreiche Ausbrüche oder Durchbrüche in der zu fertigenden Betonplatte vorzusehen sind, hat die Bewehrung relativ komplizierten Aufbau. Damit mit der Taktgeschwindigkeit der Herstellung der Betonplatten selbst schrittgehalten werden kann, sind daher mehrere Arbeitsplätze erforderlich, an denen gleichzeitig gearbeitet werden muß. Trotzdem kann es zu erheblichen Totzeiten kommen, nämlich insbesondere dann, wenn die jeweils zu fertigenden Bewehrungen starke Unterschiede zueinander aufweisen.Concrete slabs or other prefabricated concrete parts of this type are generally provided with reinforcements. These reinforcements are first calculated and manufactured according to static requirements and are then introduced into the slab manufacturing device, into which liquid concrete is then poured and compacted. Two methods are currently used to manufacture such reinforcements. In the one, which is assumed here, a stock of wire rods on site, that is at the slab production site, and by hand, the reinforcement according to the static requirements of a concrete slab to be manufactured, mechanically at the crossing points by brackets or in some other way Connections are made by welding, so that a mat-like reinforcement is created. A disadvantage of this procedure is that, due to the manual production, the production speed is extremely low in comparison to the cycle speed in the production of the concrete slabs themselves. The production speed depends on it also very much depends on whether the reinforcement has a comparatively uniform structure or not. If, for example, numerous cutouts or breakthroughs are to be provided in the concrete slab to be produced, the reinforcement has a relatively complicated structure. So that you can keep up with the cycle speed of the production of the concrete slabs yourself, several workplaces are required, which must be worked on simultaneously. Nevertheless, there can be considerable dead times, especially when the reinforcements to be manufactured differ greatly from one another.
Bei der anderen Vorgehensweise werden fabrikmäßig hergestellte Bewehrungsmatten verwendet, die nach Anlieferung vor Ort, das ist am Plattenfertigungsort, an die jeweiligen Erfordernisse angepaßt werden.In the other procedure, factory-made reinforcement meshes are used, which are adapted to the respective requirements after delivery on site, that is at the panel production site.
Zur Herstellung solcher, meist regelmäßig ausgebildeter Bewehrungsmatten (vgl. FR-A-12 15 087, LU-A-44 653), werden speziell ausgebildete Gitterschweißmaschinen verwendet, die kontinuierlich arbeiten sollen. Bei solchen Gitterschweißmaschinen ist es bekannt, die Außen-Abmessungen der im übrigen regelmäßig ausgebildeten Bewehrungsmatten einstellbar zu gestalten (CH-A-497 214), eine Berücksichtigung von Aussparungen, Schrägschnitten, Randabschnitten oder dgl. ist jedoch fabrikmäßig nicht möglich. Mittels einer anderen bekannten Gitterschweißmaschine zur fabrikmäßigen Herstellung von Bewehrungsmatten (CH-A-488 521) kann der Drahtstababstand in einer Abmessungsrichtung, nämlich der Abstand der Querstäbe, verändert werden. Abgesehen davon, daß eine Verstellbarkeit des Abstandes der Längsstäbe nicht möglich ist, ist auch eine Berücksichtigung von Ausnehmungen, Ausbrüchen oder Durchbrüchen nicht möglich. Darüber hinaus mag zwar die Verstellung des Abstandes der Querstäbe bei der bekannten Mattenfertigungsvorrichtung einfach sein, sie ist jedoch ziemlich aufwendig, zumindest so aufwendig, daß der Betreiber dieser Vorrichtung eine Mindestserie von beachtlichen Stückzahlen (in der Praxis nicht unter 100 Stück) fordert, bevor er sich bereiterklärt, die Einstellung seiner Vorrichtung entsprechend zu ändern.Specially trained mesh welding machines are used to manufacture reinforcement mats of this type, which are usually regularly designed (see FR-
In der Praxis sind jedoch bei der Fertigung von Betonplatten oder dgl. Betonfertigteilen bereits zwei identische Bewehrungsmatten extrem selten und rein zufällig.In practice, however, two identical reinforcement mats are extremely rare and purely coincidental when manufacturing concrete slabs or the like.
Selbst dann, wenn die Bereitschaft des Betreibers der Mattenfertigungsvorrichtung vorausgesetzt wird, einzelne Bewehrungsmatten mittels der bekannten Mattenfertigungsvorrichtung zu fertigen, so muß eine solche Bewehrungsmatte zum einen hinsichtlich der Mängel gleichmäßigen Längsstababstandes einer Anpassung vor Ort, d.h. am Plattenfertigungsort, unterworfen werden und muß zum anderen einer Anpassung zur Berücksichtigung von Ausnehmungen, Ausbrüchen oder Durchbrüchen ebenfalls vor Ort, d.h. am Plattenfertigungsort unterworfen werden.Even if it is assumed that the operator of the mesh production device is willing to manufacture individual reinforcement meshes using the known mesh production apparatus, such a reinforcement mesh must, on the one hand, have an adjustment on site with regard to the defects of uniform longitudinal bar spacing, i.e. at the plate production site, and on the other hand must be adapted to take account of recesses, breakouts or breakthroughs also on site, i.e. be subjected at the plate production site.
Dazu werden Teilbereiche aus den Matten herausgeschnitten, die Ausnehmungen, Ausbrüchen oder Durchbrüchen entsprechen. Andererseits ist es gegebenenfalls erforderlich, an einzelnen Stellen solcher Matten zusätzliche Bewehrungsstäbe anzubringen. Zwar kann hier eine hohe Anpassung an die Taktgeschwindigkeit der Fertigungs- vorrichtung für die Betonplatten erreicht werden, jedoch ist aufgrund des Verschnittes ein sehr hoher Abfallanteil vorhanden. D.h., daß die Eisenkosten, die einen sehr wesentlichen Faktor bei der Herstellung von Betonteilen darstellen, deutlich höher als unbedingt erforderlich sind.For this purpose, sections are cut out of the mats that correspond to recesses, cutouts or openings. On the other hand, it may be necessary to install additional reinforcement bars at individual locations of such mats. Although a high adaptation to the cycle speed of the production device for the concrete slabs can be achieved here, there is a very high proportion of waste due to the waste. This means that the iron costs, which are a very important factor in the production of concrete parts, are significantly higher than absolutely necessary.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Bewehrung von Betonplatten so weiterzubilden, daß sie auch bei hoher Taktgeschwindigkeit kostengünstig sind.It is therefore an object of the invention to develop a method and a device for reinforcing concrete slabs so that they are inexpensive even at high cycle speeds.
Die Aufgabe wird bei dem Verfahren durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved in the method by the features specified in
Das Verfahren wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 2 bis 7 weitergebildet.The method is developed by the features of
Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zeichnet sich durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 8 bis 13 aus.The device for performing the method is characterized by the features of
Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Erkenntnis aus, daß das Problem durch eine automatisierte Fertigung vor Ort von Bewehrungen erreicht werden kann. Insbesondere kann dadurch die Taktgeschwindigkeit bei der Fertigung der Bewehrung in einen Bereich gebracht werden, der der (schnellsten) Fertigungsgeschwindigkeit von Betonplatten für den für diese günstigsten Fall entspricht. Ferner kann insbesondere für den Fall, daß die Drahtstäbe von einem Drahtspulen-Lager abgezogen werden, der Verschnitt außerordentlich niedrig gestaltet werden. Bei Verwendung lediglich einer Auswahl an Drahtdurchmessern ist die Lagerhaltung außerdem sehr einfach, platzsparend und damit kostengünstig. Die Automatisierung bei der Fertigung der Bewehrung ermöglicht es auch, Arbeitskräfte zu verwenden, die keine hohe Qualifikation erfordern. Vorteilhaft wird nämlich automatisch angezeigt, an welchen Stellen ein Draht welchen Durchmessers und in welcher Länge in der Bewehrung angeordnet werden muß. Alles übrige kann vollständig automatisiert erfolgen, insbesondere die Verbindung der Drahtstäbe untereinander. Da die notwendige Verbindung der Drahtstäbe untereinander lediglich bis zum Einbringen und Aushärten des Betons in bestimmten Maßen erforderlich ist, kann es genügen, die unverrückbare Anordnung für Drahtstäbe untereinander lediglich auf Zeit auszulegen. Insbesondere kann eine elektromagnetische Hubeinrichtung vorgesehen werden, mit der auf elektromagnetische Weise die ausgelegte mattenartige Bewehrung aufgehoben und zur Fertigungsvorrichtung gebracht und dort so lange in Lage gehalten werden kann, bis der eingegossene Beton einen gewissen Härtungszustand erreicht hat. Von weiterem Vorteil ist, daß die gefertigte Bewehrung auf einer Palette abgelegt werden kann bzw. auf dieser Palette selbst gefertigt werden kann und mit dieser in ein Zwischenlager abgesetzt werden kann. Durch dieses Zwischenlager ist die Herstellung der Bewehrungen vergleichsweise unabhängig von der jeweiligen gerade erforderlichen Taktzeit der Fertigungsvorrichtung. Ferner kann ein solcher Speicher als Puffer zwischen mehreren Vorrichtungen von Fertigung von Bewehrungen und mehreren Fertigungsvorrichtungen der Betonplatten dienen.The invention is based on the knowledge that the problem can be achieved by automated manufacture of reinforcements on site. In particular, the cycle speed during the manufacture of the reinforcement can be brought into a range that corresponds to the (fastest) production speed of concrete slabs for the most favorable case for this. Furthermore, in particular in the event that the wire rods are withdrawn from a wire coil bearing, the waste can be made extremely low. If only a selection of wire diameters is used, storage is also very simple, space-saving and therefore inexpensive. Automation in the manufacture of reinforcement also makes it possible to use workers who do not require high qualifications. This is because it is advantageously automatically displayed at which points a wire of which diameter and in what length must be arranged in the reinforcement. Everything else can be fully automated, in particular the connection of the wire rods to one another. Since the necessary connection of the wire rods to one another is only required until the concrete has been introduced and hardened to a certain extent, it may be sufficient to design the immovable arrangement of wire rods with one another only for a time. In particular, an electromagnetic lifting device can be provided with which the designed mat-like in an electromagnetic manner The reinforcement is lifted and brought to the production device and can be held there until the poured concrete has reached a certain hardening state. Another advantage is that the reinforcement can be placed on a pallet or can be manufactured on this pallet itself and can be placed in an intermediate storage with this. This intermediate storage means that the manufacture of the reinforcements is comparatively independent of the currently required cycle time of the manufacturing device. Furthermore, such a memory can serve as a buffer between several devices for the production of reinforcements and several devices for manufacturing the concrete slabs.
Die Erfindung wird anhand des in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch ein Fließbild zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
- Fig. 2
- schematisch den Aufbau einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.
- Fig. 1
- schematically a flow diagram to explain the method according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- schematically the structure of an apparatus for performing the method.
In einem Drahtlager sind Drähte unterschiedlicher Durchmesser, beim Ausführungsbeispiel 4 unterschiedliche Durchmesser, gelagert. In einem ersten Schritt wird aus dem Drahtlager nach Vorgabe Draht eines ausgewählten Durchmesser abgezogen und gerichtet. In einem zweiten Schritt wird der gerichtete Drahtstab auf Länge abgeschnitten. In einem dritten Schritt wird der auf Länge abgeschnittene Drahtstab in Lage in dem Raster nach der Vorgabe der berechneten Bewehrung angeordnet und in der Lage fixiert. Die in der Lage fixierte mattenartige und in soweit fertige Bewehrung wird in einem Puffer zwischengespeichert, in dem auch, wie dargestellt, gefertigte Bewehrungen von anderen Vorrichtungen zwischengespeichert werden können. Diese zwischengespeicherten mattenartigen Bewehrungen werden nach Bedarf von einer Fertigungsvorrichtung für Betonplatten abgerufen. Wie dargestellt, können mehrere solche Fertigungsvorrichtungen vorgesehen sein.Wires of different diameters, in the exemplary embodiment 4 different diameters, are stored in a wire store. In a first step, wire of a selected diameter is drawn from the wire store and straightened. In a second step, the aligned wire rod is cut to length. In a third step, the wire rod cut to length is arranged in position in the grid according to the predefined reinforcement and fixed in position. The able fixed mesh-like and in so far finished reinforcement is temporarily stored in a buffer, in which, as shown, manufactured reinforcements from other devices can also be buffered. These temporarily stored mat-like reinforcements are called up as required by a manufacturing device for concrete slabs. As shown, several such manufacturing devices can be provided.
Eine solche Fertigungsvorrichtung kann beispielsweise den Aufbau gemäß der DE-PS 30 47 650 besitzen. Die Durchführung der verschiedenen Schritte wird von einer Steuerung gesteuert, wodurch ein im wesentlichen Ausmaß automatisierter Herstellungsbetrieb erreicht werden kann. Theoretisch ist es zwar möglich, den Herstellungsbetrieb solcher mattenartigen Bewehrungen vollständig zu automatisieren. Jedoch dürfte zumindest gegenwärtig in Hinblick auf die zu fertigende Anzahl von Bewehrungen, die untereinander gleich oder doch zumindest gleichartig sind, ein halbautomatischer Betrieb zweckmäßig sein, bei dem Arbeitskräften ohne hochqualifizierte Ausbildung das Abziehen, Ablängen und Positionieren überlassen wird, wobei entsprechende Hilfen automatisch gegeben werden. Etwa die Angabe des Durchmessers des abzuziehenden Drahtes, die Länge, mit der Abzulängen ist, sowie die Lage, in der der gerade abgelängte Drahtstab zu positionieren ist.Such a manufacturing device can for example have the structure according to DE-PS 30 47 650. The execution of the various steps is controlled by a controller, whereby an essentially automated manufacturing operation can be achieved. Theoretically, it is possible to completely automate the production of such mat-like reinforcements. However, at least at the present time, with regard to the number of reinforcements to be manufactured, which are identical or at least identical to one another, a semi-automatic operation may be expedient, in which workers without highly qualified training are left to pull off, cut to length and position, with appropriate aids being automatically given . For example, the specification of the diameter of the wire to be drawn, the length with which it is to be cut, and the position in which the wire rod that has just been cut has to be positioned.
Die den jeweiligen statischen Erfordernissen in nahezu idealer Weise angepaßte mattenartige Bewehrung muß in ihrer Anordnung zumindest so lange unveränderbar bleiben, bis der Beton in der Fertigungsvorrichtung einen gewissen Aushärtungszustand erreicht hat.The mat-like reinforcement, which is almost ideally adapted to the respective static requirements, must remain unchangeable in its arrangement at least until the concrete in the production device has reached a certain hardening state.
Im einfachsten Fall werden die positionierten Drahtstäbe an den Kreuzungsstellen zumindest an ausgewählten Kreuzungsstellen fest miteinander verschweißt, etwa mittels Punktschweißen. Sind die Drahtstäbe in einem vorgegebenen Raster angeordnet, können Punktschweißgeräte in einem gleichen Raster angeordnet werden, und zum Punktschweißen lediglich nach Positionieren der Drahtstäbe abgesenkt und betätigt werden. Diese Vorgehensweise ist jedoch in Hinblick darauf relativ aufwendig und kostspielig, daß die feste Verbindung lediglich zwischen der Positionierung und dem erwähnten Aushärtegrad des Betons erforderlich ist.In the simplest case, the positioned wire rods firmly welded to one another at the intersection points, at least at selected intersection points, for example by means of spot welding. If the wire rods are arranged in a predetermined grid, spot welding devices can be arranged in the same grid, and can only be lowered and actuated for spot welding after the wire rods have been positioned. However, this procedure is relatively complex and expensive in view of the fact that the fixed connection is only required between the positioning and the degree of hardening of the concrete mentioned.
So kann bereits eine Verklammerung oder eine sonstige mechanische Verbindung, die während relativ kurzer Zeit als stabil angesehen werden kann, ausreichend sein.Clamping or another mechanical connection, which can be regarded as stable for a relatively short time, may already be sufficient.
Eine einfache und sichere Lösung ist dann gegeben, wenn mittels einer elektromagnetischen Hubeinrichtung die gefertigte mattenartige Bewehrung ohne sonstige Maßnahmen aufgehoben und in der Fertigungsvorrichtung für die Betonplatten abgesenkt wird und in dieser (auf elektrmagnetische Weise) so lange in Lage gehalten wird, bis auf andere Weise sichergestellt ist, daß sich die Drahtstäbe gegenander nicht mehr verlagern können. Dies kann beispielsweise durch randseitiges Einklemmen der Drahtenden, durch gesonderte (verlorene) Stützen in der Palette für die Fertigung der Betonplatten oder auf andere Weise erreicht werden.A simple and safe solution is provided if the manufactured mat-like reinforcement is lifted by means of an electromagnetic lifting device without other measures and lowered in the manufacturing device for the concrete slabs and is held in place (in an electromagnetic manner) until otherwise it is ensured that the wire rods can no longer shift against each other. This can be achieved, for example, by clamping the wire ends on the edge, by separate (lost) supports in the pallet for the production of the concrete slabs or in some other way.
Da die Taktgeschwindigkeiten bei der Fertigung der Betonplatten in Hinblick auf die Größe der jeweiligen Betonplatte und in Hinblick auf die Kompliziertheit der Betonplatte unterschiedlich sind und da ferner auch bei der ervähnten halb- oder vollautomatischen Herstellung der mattenartigen Bewehrung die Taktgeschwindigkeit ebenfalls in Hinblick auf die Kompliziertheit des Bewehrungsbildes unterschiedlich sein kann, ist es sehr zweckmäßig, einen Zwischenspeicher vorzusehen, in dem gepuffert wird. Dabei können in einem solchen Zwischenspeicher auch mattenartige Bewehrungen von verschiedenen Fertigungsstraßen für solche Bewehrungen zwischengespeichert und auch auf verschiedene Fertigungsvorrichtungen verteilt werden.Since the cycle speeds in the production of the concrete slabs are different with regard to the size of the respective concrete slab and with regard to the complexity of the concrete slab, and because the cycle speed is also also involved in the aforementioned semi-automatic or fully automatic production of the mat-like reinforcement can also differ with regard to the complexity of the reinforcement pattern, it is very expedient to provide an intermediate store in which buffering is carried out. Mat-like reinforcements from different production lines for such reinforcements can also be temporarily stored in such a buffer and can also be distributed to different production devices.
In einem solchen Fall ist es zweckmäßig, die unverrückbare Anordnung der Drahtstäbe untereinander auf andere Weise sicherzustellen, bevor ein Überheben der mattenartigen Bewehrung in die Fertigungsvorrichtung für die Betonplatten in der erwähnten Weise erfolgt.In such a case, it is expedient to ensure the immovable arrangement of the wire rods with one another in another way before the mat-like reinforcement is lifted into the manufacturing device for the concrete slabs in the manner mentioned.
Dies wird im folgenden anhand Fig. 2 näher erläutert.This is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine herkömmliche Palette 1, auf der Stützen 2 in einem Rastermaß angeordnet sind, das dem Rastermaß der zu fertigenden mattenartigen Bewehrung entspricht. Vorzugsweise sind diese Stützen austauschbar ausgebildet, so daß sie an solchen Stellen entfernt werden können, an denen sie nicht erforderlich sind. Die Stützen 2 weisen zueinander senkrechte Schlitze 3 und 4 in der Oberseite auf, die Keil- oder V-förmig sind und in die die Drahtstäbe eingelegt werden. Dabei können, wie in Fig. 2 angedeutet, Drahtstäbe 5 eines ersten Durchmessers und Drahtstäbe 6 eines zweiten Durchmessers in der gleichen Bewehrung 15 verwendet werden. Diese Bewehrung 15 weist eine Ausnehmung 17 auf, in deren Bereich aufgrund der statischen Berechnung und der sonstigen Gegebenheiten der zu fertigenden Betonplatte keine Drahtstäbe vorzusehen sind. In den Schlitzen 3, 4 der Stützen 2 der Palette 1 werden die Drahtstäbe 5, 6 im wesentlichen unverrückbar gegeneinander aufgenommen, weshalb eine einfache Zwischenspeicherung möglich ist. Ein Verschweißen ist nicht erforderlich.Fig. 2 shows a
Die Positionierung der einzelnen Drahtstäbe wird mittels optischer Markierung vereinfacht. Dies ist in Fig. 2 ebenfalls schematisch dargestellt. Fig. 2 zeigt ein entsprechend dem Pfeil 16 höhenverstellbares Markierungs-Raster 7. An dem Kreuzungsstellen des Markierungs-Rasters 7 sind Kaltlichtquellen 8 vorgesehen, mittels denen bei Erregung ein Lichtstrahl 14 auf oder in den Bereich einer der Stützen 2 der Palette 1 abgegeben werden kann. Eine solche Kaltlichtquelle 8 ist gebildet durch Lichtleitfasern 9, die am anderen Ende von einer Lichtquelle 10 "erregt" werden können. Die Erregung der Lichtquelle 10 erfolgt über eine Steuerung 11, die aufgrund der den statischen Erfordernissen entsprechenden berechneten Bewehrung die entsprechende Lichtquelle 10 erregt, in deren Bereich ein Draht 5, 6 angeordnet werden muß (oder auch umgekehrt, nicht angeordnet werden darf). Die Steuerung kann dabei so erfolgen, daß in einem ersten Schritt Drahtstäbe 5 eines ersten Durchmessers, in einem zweiten Schritt Drahtstäbe 6 eines zweiten Durchmessers usw. verarbeitet werden. Ferner kann die Steuerung auch so sein, daß zeilen- und spaltenmäßig abgetastet wird. Die Steuerung 11 ist so ausgebildet, daß sie der Arbeitskraft anzeigt, an weicher Stelle Drahtstäbe welchen Durchmessers anzuordnen sind.The positioning of the individual wire rods is simplified by means of optical marking. This is also shown schematically in FIG. 2. 2 shows a marking grid 7 which is height-adjustable in accordance with the
Das Markierungs-Raster 7 gemäß Fig. 2 ist ferner so ausgebildet, daß an den den Kreuzungsstellen entsprechende Markierungspunkten Hubmagnete 12 vorgesehen sind, die von einer Hubmagnetsteuerung 13 ansteuerbar sind. Nachdem die mattenartige Bewehrung 15 vollständig ausgelegt, das heißt alle Drahtstäbe 5, 6 positioniert sind, wird das Markierungs-Raster 7 mit Hilfe der Höhenverstellung 16 abgesenkt, und werden dann mit Hilfe der Steuerung 13 die Hubmagnete 12 erregt. Nach Erregung wird die mattenartige Bewehrung 15 vollständig abgehoben und kann an einen beliebigen Ort, insbesondere zur Fertigungsvorrichtung gefördert werden.The marking grid 7 according to FIG. 2 is also designed such that lifting
Es ergibt sich, daß eine Absenkung des Markierungs-Rasters 7 in Hinblick auf die optischen Markierungen nicht unbedingt erforderlich ist.It follows that a lowering of the marking grid 7 is not absolutely necessary with regard to the optical markings.
Ferner können unterschiedliche Markierungs-Raster für die optischen Markierungen und für die Hubeinrichtung vorgesehen sein. Bei der Anordnung, die anhand Fig. 1 erläutert worden ist, ist ein Markierungs-Raster für optische Markierungen, das nicht höhenverstellbar sein muß, vorgesehen und werden die Drahtstäbe 5, 6 durch Anordnung in den Schlitzen 3, 4 der Stützen 2 der Palette 1 in ihrer Lage fixiert. Die Palette 1 wird nach Fertigstellung der mattenartigen Bewehrung 15 in ein Zwischenlager verbracht. Nach Abruf aus dem Zwischenlager wird erst vor Ort zum Einbringen in die Fertigungsvorrichtung der Betonplatten ein entsprechendes Markierungs-Raster für die Hubeinrichtung betätigt, wobei dieses Markierungs-Raster höhenverstellbar sein muß.Furthermore, different marking grids can be provided for the optical markings and for the lifting device. In the arrangement which has been explained with reference to FIG. 1, a marking grid for optical markings, which does not have to be adjustable in height, is provided, and the
Es sei noch erwähnt, daß im Einzelfall die Palette 1 nicht nur für das Positionieren der Drahtstäbe 5, 6 zur Bildung der mattenartigen Bewehrung 15 verwendet werden kann, sondern bei geeigneter Ausbildung auch für die Fertigungsvorrichtung verwendet werden kann. In einem solchen Fall ist es zweckmäßig, die Stützen 2 austauschbar auszubilden, und diese ferner als verlorenes Element auszubilden, da es nach Aushärtung der Betonplatte in dieser verbleibt.It should also be mentioned that in individual cases the
In Hinblick auf die Steuerung 11 der optischen Markierung sei noch erwähnt, daß sie beispielsweise rechnergestützt angesteuert werden kann, daß sie beispielsweise auch über teilweise lichtdurchlässige Folien (negativ oder positiv) angesteuert werden kann. In Hinblick auf die Steuerung der Hubeinrichtung ist zu bemerken, daß im Einzelfall nicht notwendigerweise alle Hubmagnete 12 in dem jeweiligen Markierungs-Raster 7 angesteuert werden müssen, sondern lediglich solche, die aufgrund mathematischer Berechnung ausreichen, die mattenartige Bewehrung 15 so aufzuheben, daß die Drahtstäbe 5, 6 unverrückbar verbleiben.With regard to the
Selbstverständlich sind noch andere Ausführungsformen möglich, um auf erfindungsgemäße weise in vergleichsweise kurzem Arbeitstakt ein festes und komplettes Bewehrungsgebilde herstellen zu können.Of course, other embodiments are also possible in order to be able to produce a solid and complete reinforcement structure in a comparatively short cycle in accordance with the invention.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist ein erheblicher Rationalisierungseffekt in Betonwerken erreichbar. Ferner ist eine erhebliche Stahleinsparung möglich, da Abfälle nahezu vollständig vermieden werden können.The method according to the invention achieves a considerable rationalization effect in concrete plants. Substantial steel savings are also possible since waste can be avoided almost completely.
Claims (13)
- A method of reinforcing concrete panels or like prefabricated concrete units at the place of manufacture,- in which an individual reinforcement is designed according to the statical requirements of the respective concrete panel, taking into consideration recesses (17), break-outs or break-throughs,- in which an actual reinforcement is manufactured on the basis of the designed reinforcement by arranging wire rods (5, 6), each of appropriate diameter and length, to cross at marked positions according to the designed reinforcement and arranging the wire rods (5, 6) to be mutually immovable at at least some intersections so that they form a lattice-like actual reinforcement (15) at least until they are introduced into the concrete,- and in which the lattice-like reinforcement (15) is supplied to a device for manufacturing the concrete panels or like prefabricated concrete units,characterised in that
by means a control device (11, 13) the position of the individual wire rods (5, 6) is indicated according to the designed reinforcement on a substrate, such as a pallet (1), on which the lattice-like reinforcement (15) is made, by optical indications such as rays of light (14). - A method according to claim 1, characterised in that to form the wire rods (5, 6) wires are pulled from a wire store, straightened and cut to length, and that these steps are carried out at the place of manufacture of the lattice-like reinforcement (15).
- A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the position of the individual wire rods (5, 6) or of their intersections is indicated in a fixed grid at individual grid points according to the respective designed reinforcement.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the wire rods (5, 6) are connected to one another electromagnetically at at least some of the intersections until the lattice-like reinforcement (15) is accommodated immovably in the concrete of the concrete panel to be made.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that by means of the indications electromagnets (12) are controlled by means of which the wire rods (5, 6) are fixed so that they are mutually immovable.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the lattice-like reinforcement (15) is stored temporarily, preferably placed on pallets (1), and called on demand before being supplied to the device for manufacturing concrete panels or like prefabricated concrete units.
- A method according to claim 6, characterised in that the lattice-like reinforcement (15) is fixed on the pallet (1) mechanically, in particular at intersections, to prevent the arrangement of wire rods (5, 6) from moving.
- An apparatus for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, having a substrate such as a pallet (1) on which the lattice-like reinforcement (15) is made, characterised by an indicating grid (7) for the optical or light optical indication of the position of the individual wire rods (5, 6) on the substrate and a control device (11, 13) by means of which the indicating grid (7) can be controlled according to the designed reinforcement so that the position of the individual wire rods (5, 6) or their intersection points are indicated according to the designed reinforcement.
- An apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that the indicating grid (7) is height-adjustable.
- An apparatus according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterised in that the indicating grid (7) emits controlled rays of light (14) on to the indicating points, preferably by means of a cold light source (8), such as optical fibres (9) or the like.
- An apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the substrate is a transportable pallet (1) that can be stored in an intermediate store and preferably carries supports (2) at the intersections of the wire rods (5, 6) to which the wire rods (5, 6) can be fixed.
- An apparatus according to claim 11, characterised in that the supports (2) have wedge-shaped intersecting slits (3, 4) into which the wire rods (5, 6) can be inserted.
- An apparatus according to claim 11 or claim 12, characterised in that the supports (2) are removable.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8585107123T DE3585446D1 (en) | 1985-06-10 | 1985-06-10 | METHOD FOR REINFORCING CONCRETE PANELS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD. |
AT85107123T ATE72779T1 (en) | 1985-06-10 | 1985-06-10 | METHOD OF REINFORCEMENT OF CONCRETE SLABS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843420806 DE3420806A1 (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | METHOD FOR REINFORCING CONCRETE PANELS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0204852A1 EP0204852A1 (en) | 1986-12-17 |
EP0204852B1 true EP0204852B1 (en) | 1992-02-26 |
Family
ID=6237602
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19850107123 Expired - Lifetime EP0204852B1 (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1985-06-10 | Method for reinforcing concrete panels and device for performing this method |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0204852B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3420806A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4031384C1 (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1992-01-30 | Hugo 8831 Dollnstein De Bittlmayer | |
DE4135581A1 (en) * | 1991-10-29 | 1993-05-06 | Wiehofsky, Fritz, 8913 Schondorf, De | Reinforced construction plate - has spaced grids embedded in coating mass covering base plate, grids are kept apart by distance holders of swellable material |
DE9421500U1 (en) * | 1994-04-13 | 1996-01-04 | Haeussler Wilhelm Dipl Ing Dip | Machine system for the production of reinforcement meshes for reinforced concrete surface structures and these reinforcement meshes themselves |
AT407624B (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 2001-05-25 | Porr Allg Bauges | Method for the production of precast concrete parts, in particular reinforced ones |
AT517094B1 (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2016-11-15 | Progress Holding Ag | Supporting method for supporting a reinforcement construction |
AT17865U1 (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2023-05-15 | Progress Maschinen & Automation Ag | Method for calculating production parameters of at least one reinforcement |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1215087A (en) * | 1958-11-05 | 1960-04-13 | Method of establishing reinforcements for reinforced concrete slabs | |
DE1193228C2 (en) * | 1962-10-20 | 1976-08-05 | Ferrotest Gmbh, Basel (Schweiz) | REINFORCEMENT MAT FOR CONCRETE COMPONENTS |
DE1484234A1 (en) * | 1964-02-19 | 1969-01-30 | Hufnagl Walter | Formwork for reinforced concrete construction |
AT301312B (en) * | 1968-02-16 | 1972-08-25 | Evg Entwicklung Verwert Ges | Device for fully or semi-automatic, preferably program-controlled, changeover of mesh welding machines to different stroke lengths of the mesh pull-up members |
AT293840B (en) * | 1968-07-19 | 1971-10-25 | Evg Entwicklung Verwert Ges | Plant for the production of welded reinforcement grids for reinforced concrete |
FR2256810A1 (en) * | 1974-01-04 | 1975-08-01 | Coignet Construct Edmond | Unit for forming and storing panel reinforcement - has pivotal work table and inclined run overhead rails |
US4098562A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1978-07-04 | Energy Conservation Techniques Inc. | Reinforced concrete block making machine |
-
1984
- 1984-06-04 DE DE19843420806 patent/DE3420806A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-06-10 EP EP19850107123 patent/EP0204852B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE3420806A1 (en) | 1985-12-05 |
EP0204852A1 (en) | 1986-12-17 |
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