EP0202681A2 - Dispositif pour l'incinération et/ou la décomposition thermique des combustibles, particulièrement des combustibles solides comme tourbe, charbon, bois, paille ou déchets - Google Patents

Dispositif pour l'incinération et/ou la décomposition thermique des combustibles, particulièrement des combustibles solides comme tourbe, charbon, bois, paille ou déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0202681A2
EP0202681A2 EP86106974A EP86106974A EP0202681A2 EP 0202681 A2 EP0202681 A2 EP 0202681A2 EP 86106974 A EP86106974 A EP 86106974A EP 86106974 A EP86106974 A EP 86106974A EP 0202681 A2 EP0202681 A2 EP 0202681A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
combustion
fuel supply
plug
thermal decomposition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86106974A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0202681A3 (fr
Inventor
Nils TUNSTRÖMER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STUBINEN UTVECKLING AB
Original Assignee
STUBINEN UTVECKLING AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STUBINEN UTVECKLING AB filed Critical STUBINEN UTVECKLING AB
Publication of EP0202681A2 publication Critical patent/EP0202681A2/fr
Publication of EP0202681A3 publication Critical patent/EP0202681A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H15/00—Cleaning arrangements for grates; Moving fuel along grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H9/00—Revolving-grates; Rocking or shaking grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the combustion and / or thermal decomposition of fuel, in particular solid fuels, such as peat, coal, wood, straw or waste, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • DE-A-116 441 describes a vibrating wicker grate, which is characterized in that fixed tines engage in the grate gaps, which break the slag which is fixed there when the grate moves.
  • the tines only work over a partial area of the basket grate, so that the efficiency of the known construction is accordingly limited.
  • the grate bars warp due to local thermal stresses, with the result that the fixed tines rub against the grate bars and block the grating from swinging in unfavorable cases.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of improving a device of the type mentioned in such a way that, on the one hand, clogging of the combustion grate is reliably avoided, and on the other hand the relative movement between the grate and material loosening agent is ensured even with locally extremely different heating of the grate.
  • the invention ensures, on the one hand, that the combustion grate is kept free, depending on the set relative movement between it and the material loosening means, of combustible burning and / or slag or similar material.
  • the danger of one There is no unwanted clogging or sintering of the grate with ash, slag, unburned or partially burned fuels.
  • the degree of combustion or the degree of thermal decomposition can be effectively controlled in accordance with the set clearance of the combustion grate.
  • the extent of the relative movement between the grate and loosening agent determines the combustion-active surface of the grate, which influences the degree of combustion or the degree of thermal decomposition accordingly.
  • the grate bars are arranged or designed so that they do not warp even when the combustion grate heats up extremely locally.
  • the grate bars can expand individually as required due to the heat. They are kept stress-free independently of each other. Accordingly, the relative movement between the combustion grate and material loosening agent is always ensured, even if the material loosening agent without play, i. H. fixed, are stored.
  • the dimensions of the heating system can be considerably reduced by the measures according to the invention, since a significantly smaller combustion grate is required in order to achieve a comparable degree of combustion or degree of thermal decomposition compared to combustion grates of conventional heating systems.
  • This means that the invention is also advantageously suitable for smaller heating units, for example for single or multi-family houses.
  • the invention is particularly effective for burning garbage, such as household waste or the like, materials which are difficult to burn or which can be thermally decomposed.
  • the invention not only keeps the grate free for the purpose of sufficient air supply, but also the Materials deposited on the grate are circulated at the same time and thus fed to more effective combustion.
  • the housing in the form of a sheet metal construction, the housing consists of overlapping sheet metal strips such that they can be moved relative to one another due to thermal expansions. In this respect, too, the demand for tension-free construction has been met.
  • the design of the fuel supply which is to comprise an approximately upright delivery or drop shaft, which can be actuated from the outside by means of a plug which simultaneously controls the combustion is lockable. It is in fact not possible to reliably avoid, especially when burning solid fuels, that a so-called “burn-back" occurs in the area of the fuel supply up to the fuel store if the combustion chamber overheats. The aim of the aforementioned solution is to avoid this danger, d. H. To take precautions to prevent such a burn back.
  • the roughly upright delivery or drop shaft creates an artificial fuel interruption, on the one hand, which would significantly hinder a possible burn-back.
  • the plug is preferably filled with extinguishing water which is emptied after the chute is closed. A possible burn-back in the conveyor section upstream of the combustion site (usually screw conveyor) can thus be effectively extinguished.
  • the movement of the closure plug from a starting position into the chute closing position is expediently temperature-controlled, preferably depending on the temperature prevailing in the region of the fuel conveyor upstream of the combustion site.
  • a conventional temperature sensor is arranged at this point.
  • the stopper which is preferably spherical, hangs on a rope or on a chain that can be released depending on the temperature sensor mentioned, so that the stopper falls into the chute closed position due to its own weight.
  • the lower side of the plug, which is filled with extinguishing water, facing the combustion site or the upstream conveyor preferably has a sealed opening, which melts at an elevated temperature with simultaneous outflow of extinguishing water.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a device for burning solid fuels, such as peat, coal, wood or the like, preferably also pelletized, with a fuel conveyor 12 and a combustion location 20 arranged in a combustion chamber 36 in the form of a grate 22, the is fed by the fuel conveyor 12.
  • the fuel conveyor 12 is divided into three sections 32, 14 and 24, the first section 32 coming from the fuel store (not shown) being a screw conveyor which rises obliquely upwards, to which an upright conveyor or chute 14 connects, which finally to the third section, namely a horizontal screw conveyor 24 immediately preceding the bar grate 22.
  • the screw conveyor 32, which rises obliquely upwards, and the horizontal screw conveyor 24 directly upstream of the bar grate 22 are each driven by electric motors 38 and 34, respectively.
  • the chute 14 can be closed by a plug 16 designed in the manner of a ball. In a lower closed position, the plug 16 lies tightly against an inner ring seal 18 of the chute 14. This ring seal is imapp above the lower horizontal Conveyor 24 arranged.
  • the plug 16 is in the raised starting position within a branch 15 opening into the chute 14 and is held in this branch by a chain 26 which is operatively connected to a thermocouple 28.
  • the thermocouple 28 is associated with the horizontal screw conveyor 24 and determines whether or not there is "burn back" within this screw conveyor. If the temperature inside the horizontal screw conveyor 24 is too high, the holding chain 26 is released and the plug 16 can fall into the chute 14 thanks to its own weight until it comes into contact with the ring seal 18 above the horizontal screw conveyor 24.
  • the plug 16 On the lower side facing the horizontal screw conveyor 24 or facing away from the connection of the holding chain 26, the plug 16 has a sealed opening 30 which melts at elevated temperature, for example in the closed position, just above the horizontal screw conveyor 24. Extinguishing agent, in particular extinguishing water, filled into the stopper 16 can then flow out through the opening 30 with the stopper. A possible "burn-back" in the horizontal screw conveyor 24 is thereby extinguished.
  • the bar grate 22 is fed with fuel by the horizontal screw conveyor 24.
  • the side of the bar grate 22 opposite the screw conveyor 24 has a continuous end plate 40, around which the flue gases escaping from the combustion grate 22 together with unburned fuel particles must be guided.
  • an annular diaphragm 44 is arranged as the end of the combustion chamber 36, the central opening of which is smaller than the end plate 40, so that from the Combustion chamber 22 emerging and around the end plate 40 flue gases are redirected by the ring diaphragm 44, whereby a longer way is achieved for the combustion of unburned fuel particles that are carried by the flue gases.
  • the flue gas deflection together with unburned fuel particles takes place approximately in the direction of the arrows 46 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the reference number 48 in FIG. 1 also indicates the fuel supply end wall of a boiler (not shown).
  • the bar grate 22 is preferably mounted in an oscillating manner. Furthermore, material loosening agents are assigned to fuel and / or slag, ash or the like. A preferred embodiment in this regard is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the construction shown in FIG. 2 for the location of the combustion or thermal decomposition comprises the fuel supply already mentioned in the form of the horizontal screw conveyor 24 and a primary air supply 54 to a basket-shaped or concave curved rod grate 22 with appropriately curved grate bars 56.
  • the location of the combustion of the fuels mentioned is defined by this bar grate 22.
  • the supply 54 for the primary air is arranged on the underside or on the side of the bar grate 22 opposite the fuel supply 24, specifically diametrically to the upright central plane, which is defined by the longitudinal axis of the horizontal screw conveyor 24 or one to be explained in more detail below, the pendulum axis 58 assigned to the grate 22 extends.
  • the bar grate 22 is thus mounted and driven in an oscillating manner about the axis 58.
  • the pendulum movement is indicated in Fig. 1 by arrows 60 and 62.
  • the pendulum axis 58 lies below the fuel supply 24.
  • the pendulum bearings 64, 66 are only indicated in FIG. 2.
  • the pendulum axis 58 is designed in the form of a tube, through which tertiary air can be blown in from above in the direction of the arrow 68 to support the combustion or thermal decomposition.
  • Material loosening means engaging in the grating gaps are assigned to the bar grating 22 in the form of disks 70 protruding between the grating bars 56, each of which is arranged with play on a common support axis 72 which extends approximately perpendicular to the grating bars 56 or approximately parallel to the pendulum axis 58 .
  • the disks 70 are arranged stationary with respect to the oscillating grate 22.
  • the discs 70 prevent the grate 22 from oscillating about the axis 58 from clogging or sintering in of the grate by slag, ash, incombustible materials, only partially burned material, etc.
  • the discs 70 ensure sufficient primary air when the grate 22 is oscillating to the material to be burned on the Grate 22 arrives.
  • the discs 70 cause a certain circulation of the material deposited on the grate 22 when the grate 22 oscillates in the direction of the arrows 60, 62 or the double arrow 74. This will loosen it up.
  • the free surface is increased accordingly and the combustion process is accelerated or improved.
  • the intensity of the combustion or thermal decomposition of the material fed by the horizontal screw conveyor 24 can be controlled by the extent of the oscillating movement of the grate 22. The higher the pendulum frequency and the larger the pendulum amplitude, the more intense the combustion or thermal decomposition and vice versa.
  • tines or the like projecting between the grate bars can also be used.
  • the free ends of the same can be provided with deflecting elements, for example deflecting blades, for improved circulation of the material to be burned when the grate 22 oscillates about the pendulum axis 58.
  • the pendulum axis 58 can be coupled to a pendulum drive, not shown.
  • the grate bars 56 are each supported with play in the direction of their longitudinal extension as well as transversely thereto.
  • the grate bars 56 are connected to each other at their one end, specifically in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 via a bar extending transversely to the grate bars 56 Connecting element in the form of a connecting rod 76.
  • the other ends 78 of the grate rods 56 are free. Accordingly, the grate bars can expand individually. Thermal stresses and the warping of the grate bars 56 caused thereby do not occur.
  • the grate bars 56 can extend more or less independently of one another in the direction of their longitudinal extent.
  • the relative movement between the bar grate and material loosening means 70 is therefore not hindered by the grate bar warping, even if the bar grate 22 is heated extremely differently locally.
  • the connection between the rod 76 and the respectively assigned ends of the grate rods 56 is preferably made by welding.
  • the grate bars 56 can also be designed in the form of thin wires or chains made of high-temperature material, which are then preferably covered with balls, ellipsoids, sleeves or the like made of high-temperature material, in particular ceramic material, in the manner of a pearl necklace. In this embodiment, too, no heat-related tensions can occur which, in cooperation with the material loosening means 70, could hinder a relative movement between the latter and the grate 22.
  • the grate 22 is formed like a basket or shell in FIG. 2, and is concave when viewed from above. A convex curvature seen from above is equally conceivable. Finally, it is possible to form the grate 22 evenly.
  • the grate 22 is designed in the manner of a cylindrical sleeve.
  • the grate can either be driven in one direction or the other, material loosening means of the type described being able to engage in the grate gaps.
  • material loosening means of the type described being able to engage in the grate gaps.
  • a rotational oscillation movement of the grate 22 is also possible in this embodiment.
  • the decisive factor is a relative movement between the rod grate 22 and material loosening means 70.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP86106974A 1985-05-23 1986-05-22 Dispositif pour l'incinération et/ou la décomposition thermique des combustibles, particulièrement des combustibles solides comme tourbe, charbon, bois, paille ou déchets Withdrawn EP0202681A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853518576 DE3518576A1 (de) 1985-05-23 1985-05-23 Vorrichtung zum verbrennen und/oder thermischen zersetzen von brennmaterial, insbesondere festen brennstoffen
DE3518576 1985-05-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0202681A2 true EP0202681A2 (fr) 1986-11-26
EP0202681A3 EP0202681A3 (fr) 1988-07-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86106974A Withdrawn EP0202681A3 (fr) 1985-05-23 1986-05-22 Dispositif pour l'incinération et/ou la décomposition thermique des combustibles, particulièrement des combustibles solides comme tourbe, charbon, bois, paille ou déchets

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0202681A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE3518576A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1207342A2 (fr) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-22 Ferdinand Tischler Grille pour carburants solides
CN101354139B (zh) * 2008-07-16 2010-06-09 江苏省电力设计院 生物质能电厂黄色秸秆的上料系统及其协调控制方法
CN102679385A (zh) * 2012-05-14 2012-09-19 开平市雅科机电设备有限公司 一种生物质燃烧机防倒烧装置
FR3107338A1 (fr) * 2020-02-18 2021-08-20 Mini Green Power Procédé de sécurisation d’une centrale de combustion ou de gazéification contre les incendies

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE517021C2 (sv) * 2000-04-28 2002-04-02 Swedish Bioburner System Ab Anordning för förbränning av granulärt fast bränsle
CN104048309B (zh) * 2014-05-19 2017-02-15 辽宁沈工蓝泰能源科技有限公司 一种秸秆捆烧锅炉进料系统

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE116441C (fr) *
WO1985005434A1 (fr) * 1984-05-21 1985-12-05 Stubinen Utveckling Ab Installation et procede de combustion et/ou de decomposition thermique de materiau de combustion, en particulier de combustibles solides

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT300168B (de) * 1970-01-21 1972-07-10 Oesterr Alpine Montan Beschickungsvorrichtung für Müllveraschungsanlagen

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE116441C (fr) *
WO1985005434A1 (fr) * 1984-05-21 1985-12-05 Stubinen Utveckling Ab Installation et procede de combustion et/ou de decomposition thermique de materiau de combustion, en particulier de combustibles solides

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1207342A2 (fr) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-22 Ferdinand Tischler Grille pour carburants solides
EP1207342A3 (fr) * 2000-11-08 2003-07-23 Ferdinand Tischler Grille pour carburants solides
CN101354139B (zh) * 2008-07-16 2010-06-09 江苏省电力设计院 生物质能电厂黄色秸秆的上料系统及其协调控制方法
CN102679385A (zh) * 2012-05-14 2012-09-19 开平市雅科机电设备有限公司 一种生物质燃烧机防倒烧装置
FR3107338A1 (fr) * 2020-02-18 2021-08-20 Mini Green Power Procédé de sécurisation d’une centrale de combustion ou de gazéification contre les incendies
EP3868445A1 (fr) * 2020-02-18 2021-08-25 Mini Green Power Procede de securisation d'une centrale de combustion ou de gazeification contre les incendies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0202681A3 (fr) 1988-07-27
DE3518576A1 (de) 1986-11-27

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