EP0202138B1 - Method for making building blocks, means for performing this method and product obtained thereby - Google Patents

Method for making building blocks, means for performing this method and product obtained thereby Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0202138B1
EP0202138B1 EP86400760A EP86400760A EP0202138B1 EP 0202138 B1 EP0202138 B1 EP 0202138B1 EP 86400760 A EP86400760 A EP 86400760A EP 86400760 A EP86400760 A EP 86400760A EP 0202138 B1 EP0202138 B1 EP 0202138B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
matrix
block
mould
frame
lower matrix
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Expired
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EP86400760A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0202138A1 (en
Inventor
Giovanni Piazza
Mario Piazza
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT86400760T priority Critical patent/ATE45538T1/en
Publication of EP0202138A1 publication Critical patent/EP0202138A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/10—Moulds with means incorporated therein, or carried thereby, for ejecting or detaching the moulded article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/08—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with two or more rams per mould
    • B28B3/083—The juxtaposed rams working in the same direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0058—Moulds, cores or mandrels with provisions concerning the elimination of superfluous material; Moulds with burr-removing means provided therein or carried thereby

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing building blocks, to the means for implementing this method and to the product thus obtained.
  • the building blocks are generally of rectangular parallelepiped shape and each have on at least two of their parallel faces means complementary in shape.
  • one of the faces of the block generally comprises one or more cavities while the face which is parallel to it, has meanwhile according to the same arrangement and preferably, in an identical orientation, ribs and / or complementary bosses.
  • a device is known in particular (patent EP-0027376) particularly suitable for the production of building blocks provided with complementary means. of self-positioning.
  • the imprint of a lower matrix is filled with a predetermined quantity of material in the plastic state.
  • the material is strongly compressed by closing the lower matrix with an upper matrix.
  • each lower and / or upper matrix is profiled to form one of the faces of the block equipped with complementary self-positioning means.
  • the metering device Given the plastic state of the material and its lack of homogeneity, the metering device poses production problems, and therefore increases the cost of the installation.
  • One result which the invention aims to obtain is a process which, by allowing the production of building blocks provided with self-positioning means, guarantees a constant dimension at least between the block faces equipped with complementary self-positioning means. positioning.
  • the subject of the invention is also the means for implementing this process as well as the building blocks thus obtained.
  • the building block 1 is formed by a rectangular parallelepiped of which two parallel faces 2, 3 and preferably, those guaranteeing the most stable support of the block, are provided with complementary means 4, 5 appearing some (4) projecting, the others (5) hollow relative to said faces 2,3.
  • the thickness between the faces 2, 3 provided with complementary means is substantially equal to half the width of the block.
  • the complementary means 4, 5 of the same kind are preferably two in number.
  • the fitted faces 2, 3 have a length substantially equal to twice their width "L" and the complementary means 4, 5 are arranged at the intersection of the diagonals of each of the squares which can therefore be inscribed on each side 2, 3.
  • the complementary means 4, 5 when in the sailie have bosses 7 in the form of a truncated cone which, in a preferred embodiment, have a height substantially equal to one third of the width "L" of the block, angle at the top of about forty degrees and a diameter at the base of about half the width "L" of the block.
  • bosses 7 can have other shapes and for example each be formed of a trunk of a pyramid.
  • the means 5 appearing recessed in the face 3 are preferably of substantially identical shape and, if the blocks 1 are designed to be mounted without a joint, the depth of the cavity which they each form, is at least substantially equal to the boss height.
  • the block it is desirable for the block to have dimensions such that it is manually graspable.
  • the mold 11 comprises at least one cavity 19 in order to form at least one block 1 and, preferably, it comprises several cavities 19.
  • a press 20 which comprises, fixed on its frame 21, a substantially horizontal table 22, the upper face of which constitutes the surface 14 which, in turn, closes the bottom 15 of the lower die 9.
  • a frame 16 rests in which at least one cutout 23 determines the internal side walls 17 which will form the peripheral wall of the block 1.
  • These cores 13 are retractable under the surface 14 and for this they are linked to at least one means of displacement in translation 24.
  • the frame 16 is also secured to a means of displacement in translation 25 which allows, on the one hand, to press it against the table 22 and, on the other hand, to move it away from the latter at least sufficiently to allow the evacuation of a block 1 after it has been placed on a mold release plate 18.
  • the upper matrix 10 is in turn formed of a plate 26, the face 27 facing the table 22 is shaped so as to form the face 2 of the block 1 equipped with bosses 7.
  • the upper matrix 10 is, at least locally, of such dimensions that it can, under the action of a translational displacement means 28 itself connected to the lower matrix 9 close this lower matrix 9 and in particular slide with the 'interior of the frame 16, on the one hand to compress the material and, on the other hand, for in another manufacturing phase, drive the block 1 onto the release plate 18.
  • the mold 11 is equipped with means for controlling and regulating 12 the escape of an excess of material contained in this mold 11 during the compression phase.
  • the means 12 comprises at least one orifice 29 opening into the interior of the mold 11 and of dimensions at least sufficient to allow the passage of the material and, on the other hand, a member 30 making it possible to close this orifice 29 under the control of a means of movement 31.
  • the orifice 29 reserved in the mold 11 is situated substantially in the extension of a cavity 32 intended to form on the block 1 a complementary protruding means 4 and, on the other hand, the member 30 for closing this orifice 29 comes to close it substantially at the top of said complementary means 4.
  • the frame 21 of the press 20 mainly consists of a gantry 33.
  • the frame 16 is in turn secured to a set of at least two columns 34 and 35 connected together, substantially vertical, generally located on either side of this frame and extending substantially over the entire gantry height 33.
  • the translational guide means generally identified at 36 are substantially located at each of the ends of the columns 34, 35.
  • the beam 37 is connected to the frame 21 by a drive means in translation which constitutes the means 25 for moving the frame 16.
  • This means 25 is for example formed by at least one jack.
  • the plate 26 forming the upper matrix is advantageously crossed by the two columns 34, 35 and includes elements 38 for guiding it in translation on these columns 34, 35.
  • the means for translational movement 28 of the plate 21 is for example formed by at least one double-acting cylinder interposed between the beam 37 and said plate 26.
  • the members 30 are generally associated with a plate 40 also crossed by the two columns 34 and 35 and guided in translation thereon by means generally identified at 41.
  • the means 31 for moving the members 30 is for example a double-acting cylinder interposed between the plate 40 and the plate 26.
  • the cores 13 which pass through the table 22 are in turn secured to a plate 42 movable in translation under the action of a motor means 24 which is for example a double-acting cylinder connected to the frame 21.
  • the upper die 10 is equipped with at least one means capable of generating vibrations (not shown).

Abstract

Apparatus for forming a constructional block in which a lower die is filled with a given and at least substantially excess amount of material after substantially closing the lower die with an upper die for forming a mold by drawing the dies together, the material is highly compressed while, simultaneously with drawing them together under the action of a means for controlling and regulating its passage, in a first stage, the excess material is allowed to escape partly outwardly of the mold and, in a second stage, substantially before obtaining the desired dimension between the two faces of the block through the relative drawing together of the dies, the passage of the material escaping outwardly of the mold is stopped.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction, aux moyens en vue de la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé et au produit ainsi obtenu.The invention relates to a method for manufacturing building blocks, to the means for implementing this method and to the product thus obtained.

Elle s'applique plus particulièrement mais non exclusivement aux blocs de construction assemblés par superposition et comportant de préférence sur au moins deux de leurs faces parallèles, des moyens complémentaires destinés à assurer lors de l'assemblage des blocs entre eux, leur auto-positionnement.It applies more particularly but not exclusively to building blocks assembled by superposition and preferably comprising on at least two of their parallel faces, complementary means intended to ensure during the assembly of the blocks together, their self-positioning.

Lorsqu'on désire disposer de blocs de construction faciles à mettre en oeuvre, il est connu d'utiliser des blocs qui s'auto-positionnent lors de leur superposition.When it is desired to have building blocks which are easy to implement, it is known to use blocks which self-position during their superposition.

Pour assurer leur autopositionnement, tel que cela est connu, les blocs de construction sont généralement de forme parallélépipédique rectangle et présentent chacun sur au moins deux de leurs faces parallèles des moyens complémentaires par leur forme.To ensure their self-positioning, as is known, the building blocks are generally of rectangular parallelepiped shape and each have on at least two of their parallel faces means complementary in shape.

Bien qu'il existe de nombreuses variantes dans ces moyens d'auto-positionnement, par leur forme et leur disposition, l'une des faces du bloc comporte généralement une ou plusieurs cavités tandis que le face qui lui est parallèle, présente quant à elle suivant la même disposition et de préférence, dans une orientation identique, des nervures et/ou des bossages complémentaires.Although there are many variants in these self-positioning means, by their shape and their arrangement, one of the faces of the block generally comprises one or more cavities while the face which is parallel to it, has meanwhile according to the same arrangement and preferably, in an identical orientation, ribs and / or complementary bosses.

Pour la fabrication de tels blocs de construction, on procède généralement par pressage dans un moule d'un matériau à l'état plastique et en quantité sensiblement égale à celle du volûme à remplir.For the manufacture of such building blocks, one generally proceeds by pressing in a mold a material in the plastic state and in an amount substantially equal to that of the volume to be filled.

On connaît notamment un dispositif (brevet EP-0027376) particulièrement adapté à la réalisation de blocs de construction pourvus de moyens complé- . mentaires d'autopositionnement.A device is known in particular (patent EP-0027376) particularly suitable for the production of building blocks provided with complementary means. of self-positioning.

Dans ce dispositif, lors d'une étape initiale, on remplit l'empreinte d'une matrice inférieure, d'une quantité prédéterminée de matériau à l'état plastique.In this device, during an initial step, the imprint of a lower matrix is filled with a predetermined quantity of material in the plastic state.

Lors de l'étape suivante de compression, on comprime fortement le matériau en fermant la matrice inférieure par une matrice supérieure.During the next compression step, the material is strongly compressed by closing the lower matrix with an upper matrix.

Bien entendu, le fond de chaque matrice inférieure et/ou supérieure est profilé pour former l'une des faces du bloc équipé de moyens complémentaires d'autopositionnement.Of course, the bottom of each lower and / or upper matrix is profiled to form one of the faces of the block equipped with complementary self-positioning means.

On comprend que, dans ce type de dispositif, c'est principalement la quantité de matériau introduite dans le moule qui va déterminer le volume du bloc qu'on met et par conséquence son épaisseur.We understand that, in this type of device, it is mainly the amount of material introduced into the mold that will determine the volume of the block that is put and therefore its thickness.

Ainsi, si on veut obtenir des blocs de construction d'épaisseur constante, il faut nécessairement recourir à un dispositif de dosage du matériau déversé dans le moule, qui soit fiable et précis.Thus, if we want to obtain building blocks of constant thickness, it is necessary to use a metering device for the material poured into the mold, which is reliable and precise.

Compte tenu de l'état plastique du matériau et de son manque d'homogénéité, le dispositif de dosage pose des problèmes de réalisation, et par conséquent, augmente le coût de l'installation.Given the plastic state of the material and its lack of homogeneity, the metering device poses production problems, and therefore increases the cost of the installation.

Un résultat que l'invention vise à obtenir est un procédé qui, en permettant la réalisation de blocs de construction pourvus de moyens d'auto-positionnement, garantit une dimension constante au moins entre les faces de bloc équipées de moyens complémentaires d'auto-positionnement.One result which the invention aims to obtain is a process which, by allowing the production of building blocks provided with self-positioning means, guarantees a constant dimension at least between the block faces equipped with complementary self-positioning means. positioning.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé caractérisé en ce que :

  • - on remplit la matrice inférieure d'une quantité prédéterminée de matériau et au moins sensiblement excédentaire,
  • - après avoir sensiblement fermé la matrice inférieure par la matrice supérieure pour former le moule, en rapprochant les dites matrices, on comprime fortement le matériau pendant que, simultanément à leur rapprochement, sous l'action d'un moyen de contrôle et de régulation de son passage, dans un premier temps en freinant son échappement, on laisse au moins en partie s'échapper le matériau en excédant vers l'extérieur du moule et, dans un second temps, sensiblement avant d'obtenir par le biais du rapprochement relatif des matrices la dimension souhaitée entre les deux faces du bloc équipées de moyens d'auto-positionnement, on stoppe le passage du matériau s'échappant vers l'extérieur du moule,
To this end, the subject of the invention is a method characterized in that:
  • - the lower matrix is filled with a predetermined quantity of material and at least substantially in excess,
  • - After having substantially closed the lower die by the upper die to form the mold, by bringing the said dies together, the material is strongly compressed while, simultaneously with their coming together, under the action of a means of control and regulation of its passage, initially by braking its exhaust, the material is allowed to escape at least in part by exceeding towards the outside of the mold and, in a second step, substantially before obtaining by means of the relative approximation of the dies the desired dimension between the two faces of the block equipped with self-positioning means, the passage of the escaping material towards the outside of the mold is stopped,

Lequel procédé est également caractérisé en ce qu'après compression du matériau :

  • - on escamote les noyaux formant les moyens complémentaires entre eux, en les rétractant sous la surface formant le fond de la matrice inférieure,
  • - on soulève simultanément la matrice, le moyen de contrôle et de régulation de l'échappement du matériau excédentaire, le cadre formant les parois internes latérales de la matrice inférieure, le bloc retenu entre les dites parois latérales et ce sur une hauteur au moins supérieure à l'épaisseur totale du bloc de manière à ce qu'ensuite,
  • - on amène une plaque de démoulage sensiblement sous l'ensemble précité,
  • - on dépose le bloc sur la plaque de démoulage le chassant du cadre au moyen de la matrice supérieure que l'on fait descendre au travers du cadre jusqu'à dégager ce bloc,
  • - on évacue la plaque de démoulage et par cela le bloc,
  • - on reconstitue la matrice inférieure en reposant le cadre sur la surface formant le fond de la matrice inférieure et en érigeant les noyaux au dessus de cette surface,
  • - on recommence éventuellement un nouveau cycle de fabrication.
Which process is also characterized in that after compression of the material:
  • - the cores forming the complementary means are retracted, by retracting them under the surface forming the bottom of the lower matrix,
  • - the matrix is lifted simultaneously, the means for controlling and regulating the escape of excess material, the frame forming the lateral internal walls of the lower matrix, the block retained between said lateral walls and this over a height at least greater to the total thickness of the block so that,
  • - a demoulding plate is brought substantially under the above-mentioned assembly,
  • the block is placed on the demoulding plate driving it out of the frame by means of the upper die which is lowered through the frame until this block is released,
  • - the mold release plate and thereby the block are removed,
  • - the lower matrix is reconstituted by resting the frame on the surface forming the bottom of the lower matrix and by erecting the cores above this surface,
  • - a new manufacturing cycle may be started again.

L'invention a également pour objet, les moyens en vue de la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé ainsi que les blocs de construction ainsi obtenus.The subject of the invention is also the means for implementing this process as well as the building blocks thus obtained.

Elle sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description ci-après faite, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard du dessin ci-annexé qui représente schématiquement :

  • - figure 1 : une vue en perspective du bloc réalisé,
  • - figure 2 : une coupe du moule lors de l'étape de compression du matériau,
  • - figure 3 : une vue partielle en coupe de la presse équipée du moule de l'invention vu en position ouverte.
It will be better understood with the aid of the description below, given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawing which schematically represents:
  • - Figure 1: a perspective view of the block produced,
  • - Figure 2: a section of the mold during the material compression step,
  • - Figure 3: a partial sectional view of the press equipped with the mold of the invention seen in the open position.

En se reportant au dessin, on voit que le bloc de construction 1 est formé d'une parallélépipède rectangle dont deux faces parallèles 2, 3 et de préférence, celles garantissant l'appui le plus stable du bloc, sont pourvues de moyens complémentaires 4, 5 se présentant les uns (4) en saillie, les autres (5) en creux par rapport aux dites faces 2,3.Referring to the drawing, it can be seen that the building block 1 is formed by a rectangular parallelepiped of which two parallel faces 2, 3 and preferably, those guaranteeing the most stable support of the block, are provided with complementary means 4, 5 appearing some (4) projecting, the others (5) hollow relative to said faces 2,3.

Sans que cela ait de valeur limitative pour l'invention, dans l'exemple choisi pour ses qualités de robustesse et sa simplicité de mise en oeuvre, on trouvera ci-après des proportions de blocs qui ont donné de bons résultats.Without this having any limiting value for the invention, in the example chosen for its qualities of robustness and its simplicity of implementation, we will find below the proportions of blocks which have given good results.

L'épaisseur entre les faces 2, 3 pourvues des moyens complémentaires est sensiblement égale à la moitié de la largeur du bloc.The thickness between the faces 2, 3 provided with complementary means is substantially equal to half the width of the block.

Afin de pouvoir connecter deux blocs juxtaposés soit flanc contre flanc, soit dans le prolongement l'un de l'autre, soit disposés pour former un angle droit, les moyens complémentaires 4, 5 de même nature sont de préférence au nombre de deux.In order to be able to connect two juxtaposed blocks either flank against flank, or in the extension of one another, or arranged to form a right angle, the complementary means 4, 5 of the same kind are preferably two in number.

Avantageusement, les faces 2, 3 équipées ont une longueur sensiblement égale à deux fois leur largeur "L" et les moyens complémentaires 4, 5 sont disposés à l'intersection des diagonales de chacun des carrés que l'on peut de ce fait inscrire sur chaque face 2, 3.Advantageously, the fitted faces 2, 3 have a length substantially equal to twice their width "L" and the complementary means 4, 5 are arranged at the intersection of the diagonals of each of the squares which can therefore be inscribed on each side 2, 3.

Dans l'exemple choisi, les moyens complémentaires 4, 5 lorsqu'ils sont en sailie présentent des bossages 7 en forme de tronc de cône qui, dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, présentent une hauteur sensiblement égale au tiers de la largeur "L" du bloc, d'angle au somment d'environ quarante degrés et d'un diamètre à la base d'environ la moitié de la largeur "L" du bloc.In the example chosen, the complementary means 4, 5 when in the sailie have bosses 7 in the form of a truncated cone which, in a preferred embodiment, have a height substantially equal to one third of the width "L" of the block, angle at the top of about forty degrees and a diameter at the base of about half the width "L" of the block.

Bien évidemment, les bossages 7, peuvent avoir d'autres formes et être par exemple chacun formé d'un tronc de pyramide.Obviously, the bosses 7 can have other shapes and for example each be formed of a trunk of a pyramid.

Les moyens 5 se présentant en creux dans la face 3 sont de préférence de forme sensiblement identique et, si les blocs 1 sont prévus pour être montés sans joint, la profondeur de la cavité qu'ils forment chacun, est au moins sensiblement égale à la hauteur des bossages.The means 5 appearing recessed in the face 3 are preferably of substantially identical shape and, if the blocks 1 are designed to be mounted without a joint, the depth of the cavity which they each form, is at least substantially equal to the boss height.

Bien entendu, compte tenu des proportions données, il est souhaitable que le bloc ait des dimensions telles qu'il soit manuellement préhensible.Of course, given the proportions given, it is desirable for the block to have dimensions such that it is manually graspable.

Cependant, il n'est pas exclu de réaliser des blocs plus importants et, par exemple, correspondant à la juxtaposition tant dans le sens longitudinal que dans le sens transversal de plusieurs des blocs précédemment décrits et notamment la juxtaposition transversalement de blocs de manière à constituer un ensemble comportant quatre bossages et quatre cavités.However, it is not excluded to produce larger blocks and, for example, corresponding to the juxtaposition both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction of several of the blocks described above and in particular the transverse juxtaposition of blocks so as to constitute a set comprising four bosses and four cavities.

On peut notamment réaliser plusieurs blocs en même temps. Afin que, dans les assemblages réalisés, les blocs 1 n'engendrent pas eux-même de défauts d'alignement, les moyens complémentaires 4 et 5 équipant chacune des faces doivent être parfaitement superposés et pour cela sont situés sur un même axe perpendiculaire aux faces 2, 3 considérées.One can in particular make several blocks at the same time. So that, in the assemblies produced, the blocks 1 do not themselves cause misalignment, the complementary means 4 and 5 equipping each of the faces must be perfectly superimposed and for this are located on the same axis perpendicular to the faces 2, 3 considered.

Sur le bloc 1 représenté en figure 1, on distingue deux moyens 4, deux moyens 5 et deux axes 8 parallèles regroupant chacun un moyen 4 et un moyen 5 appareillés et superposés.On the block 1 shown in FIG. 1, there are two means 4, two means 5 and two parallel axes 8 each grouping together a means 4 and a means 5 paired and superimposed.

Pour réaliser un bloc de ce type, on voit que, selon le procédé de l'invention,

  • - on remplit une matrice inférieure d'une quantité déterminée de matériau et au moins sensiblement excédentaire,
  • - après avoir sensiblement fermé la matrice inférieure 9 par une matrice supérieure 10 pour former le moule 11, en rapprochant les dites matrices, on comprime fortement le matériau pendant que, simultanément à leur rapprochement, sous l'action d'un moyen de contrôle et de régulation 12 de son passage, on laisse en partie échapper vers l'extérieur du moule 11 le matériau en excédent et, dans un second temps, sensiblement avant d'obtenir par le biais. du rapprochement relatif des matrices 9, 10 la dimension souhaitée entre les deux faces 2, 3 du bloc 1, on stoppe le passage du matériau s'échappant vers l'extérieur du moule 11,
  • - selon l'invention après compression du matériau, on recommence éventuellement un nouveau cycle de fabrication.
To make a block of this type, it can be seen that, according to the method of the invention,
  • - a lower matrix is filled with a determined quantity of material and at least substantially in excess,
  • after having substantially closed the lower die 9 by an upper die 10 to form the mold 11, by bringing the said dies closer together, the material is strongly compressed while, simultaneously with their coming together, under the action of a control means and regulating its passage 12, the excess material is allowed to escape towards the outside of the mold 11 and, subsequently, substantially before being obtained through. the relative approximation of the dies 9, 10 the desired dimension between the two faces 2, 3 of the block 1, the passage of the material escaping towards the outside of the mold 11 is stopped,
  • - According to the invention after compression of the material, a new manufacturing cycle is optionally restarted.

Bien que cela ne soit pas précisé, le moule 11 comprend au moins une empreinte 19 en vue de former au moins un bloc 1 et, de préférence, il comprend plusieurs empreintes 19.Although this is not specified, the mold 11 comprises at least one cavity 19 in order to form at least one block 1 and, preferably, it comprises several cavities 19.

Pour réaliser ce type de bloc, on utilise une presse 20 qui comprend, fixe sur son bâti 21, une table 22 sensiblement horizontale dont la face supérieure constitue la surface 14 qui, quant à elle, ferme le fond 15 de la matrice inférieure 9.To make this type of block, a press 20 is used which comprises, fixed on its frame 21, a substantially horizontal table 22, the upper face of which constitutes the surface 14 which, in turn, closes the bottom 15 of the lower die 9.

Sur la table 22, s'appuie un cadre 16 dans lequel au moins une découpe 23 détermine les parois latérales internes 17 qui vont former la paroi périphérique du bloc 1.On the table 22, a frame 16 rests in which at least one cutout 23 determines the internal side walls 17 which will form the peripheral wall of the block 1.

Dans la zone délimitée par le cadre 16, apparaissent en saillie au dessus de la surface 14, les noyaux 13.In the area delimited by the frame 16, the cores 13 appear above the surface 14.

Ces noyaux 13 sont rétractables sous la surface 14 et pour cela ils sont liés à au moins un moyen de déplacement en translation 24.These cores 13 are retractable under the surface 14 and for this they are linked to at least one means of displacement in translation 24.

Le cadre 16 est également solidaire d'un moyen de déplacement en translation 25 qui permet, d'une part, de la plaquer contre la table 22 et, d'autre part, de l'écarter de cette dernière au moins suffisamment pour permettre l'évacuation d'un bloc 1 après que celui-ci ait été déposé sur une plaque de démoulage 18.The frame 16 is also secured to a means of displacement in translation 25 which allows, on the one hand, to press it against the table 22 and, on the other hand, to move it away from the latter at least sufficiently to allow the evacuation of a block 1 after it has been placed on a mold release plate 18.

La matrice supérieure 10 est quant à elle formée d'une platine 26 dont la face 27 en vis à vis de la table 22 est conformée de manière à former la face 2 du bloc 1 équipé de bossages 7.The upper matrix 10 is in turn formed of a plate 26, the face 27 facing the table 22 is shaped so as to form the face 2 of the block 1 equipped with bosses 7.

La matrice supérieure 10 est, au moins localement, de dimensions telles qu'elle peut sous l'action d'un moyen de déplacement en translation 28 lui-même relié à la matrice inférieure 9 venir fermer cette matrice inférieure 9 et notamment coulisser à l'intérieure du cadre 16, d'une part pour comprimer le matériau et, d'autre part, pour dans une autre phase de fabrication, chasser le bloc 1 sur la plaque de démoulage 18.The upper matrix 10 is, at least locally, of such dimensions that it can, under the action of a translational displacement means 28 itself connected to the lower matrix 9 close this lower matrix 9 and in particular slide with the 'interior of the frame 16, on the one hand to compress the material and, on the other hand, for in another manufacturing phase, drive the block 1 onto the release plate 18.

Selon l'invention, le moule 11 est équipé d'un moyen de contrôle et de régulation 12 de l'échappement d'un excédent de matériau contenu dans ce moule 11 pendant la phase de compression.According to the invention, the mold 11 is equipped with means for controlling and regulating 12 the escape of an excess of material contained in this mold 11 during the compression phase.

Selon l'invention, le moyen 12 comprend au moins un orifice 29 débouchant à l'intérieur du moule 11 et de dimensions au moins suffisantes pour permettre le passage du matériau et, d'autre part un organe 30 permettant d'obturer cet orifice 29 sous le contrôle d'un moyen de déplacement 31.According to the invention, the means 12 comprises at least one orifice 29 opening into the interior of the mold 11 and of dimensions at least sufficient to allow the passage of the material and, on the other hand, a member 30 making it possible to close this orifice 29 under the control of a means of movement 31.

Selon l'invention, d'une part, l'orifice 29 réservé dans le moule 11 est situé sensiblement dans le prolongement d'une cavité 32 destinée à former sur le bloc 1 un moyen complémentaire en saillie 4 et, d'autre part, l'organe 30 de fermeture de cet orifice 29 vient le fermer sensiblement au sommet du dit moyen complémentaire 4.According to the invention, on the one hand, the orifice 29 reserved in the mold 11 is situated substantially in the extension of a cavity 32 intended to form on the block 1 a complementary protruding means 4 and, on the other hand, the member 30 for closing this orifice 29 comes to close it substantially at the top of said complementary means 4.

Dans un mode préféré de réalisation, le bâti 21 de la presse 20 est principalement constitué d'un portique 33.In a preferred embodiment, the frame 21 of the press 20 mainly consists of a gantry 33.

On note que le cadre 16 est quant à lui solidaire d'un ensemble d'au moins deux colonnes 34 et 35 reliées entre elles, sensiblement verticales, globalement situées de part et d'autre de ce cadre et s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la hauteur du portique 33.Note that the frame 16 is in turn secured to a set of at least two columns 34 and 35 connected together, substantially vertical, generally located on either side of this frame and extending substantially over the entire gantry height 33.

On remarque que ces colonnes 34, 35 sont mobiles en translation selon leur axe et sont chacune guidées dans ce mouvement de translation.Note that these columns 34, 35 are movable in translation along their axis and are each guided in this translational movement.

Les moyens de guidage en translation globalement repérés en 36 sont sensiblement situés au niveau de chacune des extrémités des colonnes 34, 35.The translational guide means generally identified at 36 are substantially located at each of the ends of the columns 34, 35.

On note que ces colonnes 34, 35 sont solidaires par une poutre sensiblement horizontale 37.It is noted that these columns 34, 35 are secured by a substantially horizontal beam 37.

La poutre 37 est reliée au bâti 21 par un moyen moteur en translation qui constitue le moyen 25 de déplacement du cadre 16.The beam 37 is connected to the frame 21 by a drive means in translation which constitutes the means 25 for moving the frame 16.

Ce moyen 25 est par exemple formé par au moins un vérin.This means 25 is for example formed by at least one jack.

La platine 26 formant le matrice supérieure est avantageusement traversée par les deux colonnes 34, 35 et comprend des éléments 38 pour son guidage en translation sur ces colonnes 34, 35.The plate 26 forming the upper matrix is advantageously crossed by the two columns 34, 35 and includes elements 38 for guiding it in translation on these columns 34, 35.

On note que le moyen de déplacement en translation 28 de la platine 21 est par exemple formé par au moins un vérin double effet interposé entre la poutre 37 et la dite platine 26.It is noted that the means for translational movement 28 of the plate 21 is for example formed by at least one double-acting cylinder interposed between the beam 37 and said plate 26.

Les organes 30 sont quant à eux globalement associés à un plateau 40 également traversé par les deux colonnes 34 et 35 et guidé en translation sur celles-ci par des moyens globalement repérés en 41.The members 30 are generally associated with a plate 40 also crossed by the two columns 34 and 35 and guided in translation thereon by means generally identified at 41.

Le moyen de déplacement 31 des organes 30 est par example un vérin double effet interposé entre le plateau 40 et la platine 26.The means 31 for moving the members 30 is for example a double-acting cylinder interposed between the plate 40 and the plate 26.

On remarque que tous les éléments mobiles en translation de la presse sont avantageusement guidés sur les mêmes colonnes 34, 35 ce qui permet d'obtenir un parfait positionnement des éléments mobiles entre eux.It is noted that all the elements movable in translation of the press are advantageously guided on the same columns 34, 35 which makes it possible to obtain perfect positioning of the movable elements between them.

Les noyaux 13 qui traversent la table 22 sont quant à eux solidaires d'une plaque 42 mobile en translation sous l'action d'un moyen moteur 24 qui est par exemble un vérin double effet relié au bâti 21.The cores 13 which pass through the table 22 are in turn secured to a plate 42 movable in translation under the action of a motor means 24 which is for example a double-acting cylinder connected to the frame 21.

Dans un mode préféré de réalisation, la matrice supérieure 10 est équipée d'au moins un moyen capable d'engendrer des vibrations (non représenté).In a preferred embodiment, the upper die 10 is equipped with at least one means capable of generating vibrations (not shown).

On remarque que les dispositifs d'alimentation du moule en matériau et de déchargement du moule en blocs de construction ne sont que partiellement décrits.It will be noted that the devices for supplying the mold with material and for discharging the mold into building blocks are only partially described.

Ces dispositifs ainsi d'ailleurs que celui en vue de régir le déplacement des vérins et/ou de rendre automatique le fonctionnement de la presse sont à la portée de l'homme de l'art.These devices as well as that for the purpose of governing the displacement of the jacks and / or making the operation of the press automatic are within the reach of those skilled in the art.

Grâce à cette presse, après compression du matériau :

  • - on escamote les noyaux (13) formant les moyens complémentaires en creux et ce en les rétractant sous la surface sensiblement horizontale (14) formant le fond (15) de la matrice inférieure (9),
  • - on soulève simultanément la matrice supérieure (10), le moyen (12) de contrôle et de régulation de l'échappement du matériau excédentaire, le cadre (16) formant les parois internes latérales de la matrice inférieure (9), le bloc (1) retenu entre les dites parois latérales (17) et ce sur une hauteur (H) au moins supérieure à l'épaisseur totale du bloc (1) de manière à ce qu'ensuite,
  • - on ramène une plaque démoulage (18) sensiblement sous l'ensemble (10,12, 9, 1) précité,
  • - on dépose le bloc (1) sur la plaque de démoulage (18) en le chassant du cadre (16) au moyen de la matrice supérieure (10) que l'on fait descendre au travers du dit cadre jusqu'à dégager le bloc (1),
  • - on évacue la plaque de démoulage et par cela le bloc (1
  • - on reconstitue la matrice inférieure (9) en reposant le cadre (16) sur la surface (14) formant le fond de la matrice inférieure et en érigeant les noyaux (13) au dessus de cette surface (14),
  • - on recommence éventuellement un nouveau cycle de fabrication.
Thanks to this press, after compression of the material:
  • - the cores (13) forming the recessed complementary means are retracted and this is retracted under the substantially horizontal surface (14) forming the bottom (15) of the lower matrix (9),
  • - the upper matrix (10) is simultaneously raised, the means (12) for controlling and regulating the escape of the excess material, the frame (16) forming the lateral internal walls of the lower matrix (9), the block ( 1) retained between said side walls (17) and this over a height (H) at least greater than the total thickness of the block (1) so that thereafter,
  • - a demoulding plate (18) is brought back substantially under the aforementioned assembly (10, 12, 9, 1),
  • - the block (1) is deposited on the demoulding plate (18) by driving it out of the frame (16) by means of the upper die (10) which is lowered through said frame until the block is released (1),
  • - the mold release plate and thereby the block (1
  • - the lower matrix (9) is reconstituted by resting the frame (16) on the surface (14) forming the bottom of the lower matrix and by erecting the cores (13) above this surface (14),
  • - a new manufacturing cycle may be started again.

Claims (5)

1. Method for making a building block (1), such as a parallepiped rectangle whereof two parallel faces (2, 3) and, preferably, those guaranteeing the most stable support for the block, are provided with complementary means (4, 5), some (4) of which are of convex shape and the others (5) of which are of concave shape, in relation to the faces (2, 3) and, to this end, use is made of a press (20) which comprises a lower matrix (9) constituted by a frame (16) associated with a means for displacement in translation (25), which means (25) furthermore holds this frame supported on a surface which is substantially planar (14), projecting out from which are raisedly arranged cores (13), the lateral walls (17) of the frame (16) constituting the sides (6) of the block whilst th surface (14) and the cores (13) form the face (3), the upper matrix (10) having, as regards itself, its lower face (27) shaped in such a way as to constitute, on the block, the face (2) comprising the convex means for self-positioning (5), this upper matrix (10) being associated with a means (28) for displacement in translation in relation to the lower matrix (9), along a direction substantially orthogonal to the surface (14), this method being characterised in that:
- a lower matrix (9) is filled with a determined quantity of material which is at least substantially in excess,
- after having substantially closed the lower matrix (9) by an upper matrix (10) for forming the mould (11), by bringing the said matrices close together, the material is strongly compressed whilst, simultaneously with their bringing-together, under the action of a means for controlling and for regulating (12) its passage, in a first step, the material which is in excess is partially allowed to escape towards the exterior of the mould (11) and, in a second step, substantially before obtaining, by the bias of the relative bringing-together of the matrices (9, 10), the desired dimension between the two faces (2, 3) of the block (1), the passage of the material escaping towards the exterior or the mould (11) is stopped, this process likewise being characterised in that, after compression of the material, - the cores (13) are retracted, forming the concave complementary means, and this is done by retracting them under the surface which is substantially horizontal (14) and forms the base (15) of the lower matrix (9),
- simultaneously one raises the upper matrix (10), the means (12) for controlling and for regulating the escape of the excess material, the frame (16) forming the lateral internal walls of the lower matrix (9), the block (1) retained between the said lateral walls (17) and this being to a height (H) at least greater than the total thickness of the block (1), in such manner that subsequently,
- a mould stripper plate (18) is brought substantially below the aforesaid assembly (10, 12, 9, 1),
- the block (1) is deposited on the mould stripper plate (18) by expelling it from the frame (16) by means of the upper matrix (10) which is caused to descend through the said frame until the block (1) becomes disengaged,
- the mould stripper plate is removed and therewith also the block (1),
- the lower matrix (9) is reconstituted by resting the frame (16) on the surface (14) which forms the base of the lower matrix and by raising the cores (13) above this surface (14),
- if necessary, a new manufacturing cycle is recommenced.
2. Means for the purpose of performing the method in accordance with claim 1, comprising:
- a mould (11) constituted, on the one hand, by a lower matrix (9) whose base (15) is closed by a substantially planar surface (14), projecting out from which, in a raised manner, are cores (13), and whose lateral walls are formed by that (17) of a frame (16) which is held supported against this surface (14) and, on the other hand, an upper matrix (10) capable of sliding in the interior of the said frame (16),
- means for filling the lower matrix with a predetermined quantity of material in the plastic state,
- means for strongly compressing, with the aid of the upper matrix, the predetermined quantity of material in the plastic state, contained in the lower matrix (9), these means being characterised in that:
- the means for filling make it possible to fill the lower matrix with a determined quantity of material which is in excess,
-the mould (11) is equipped with a means for controlling and regulating (12) the escape of an excess of material contained in the mould (11) during the compression phase,
- means for detecting the distance between matrices and for comparing this distance with a predetermined distance at which the escape of excess concrete is stopped,
- means for retracting the cores under the lower matrix.
3. Means according to claim 2, characterised in that the means (12) comprises, on the one hand, an orificed (29) opening into the interior of the mould (11) and having dimensions at least sufficient for enabling the passage of the material, and, on the other hand, a member (30) enabling this orifice (29) to be sealed under the control of a displacement means (31).
4. Means according to claim 3, characterised in that on the one hand, the orifice (29) arranged in the mould (11) is situated substantially in the prolongation of a cavity (32) intended to form, on the block (1), a convex complementary means (4) and, on the other hand, the closure member (30) of this orifice (29) brings it into the closed state substantially at the apex of the said complementary means (4).
5. Means according to any one of the claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the press (20), equipped with the mould (11), comprises:
- a support frame (21) which carries the table (22) which supports the mould (11),
- an assembly of at least two columns (34, 35) interconnected by a beam (37), which assembly is mobile in translation, relatively to the support frame (21) of the press (20), in a direction substantially orthogonal to the table (22), and this being under the action of at least one means (25) for displacement in translation,
- integral with this assembly of columns (34, 35), a frame (16) constituting the lower matrix (9) coming into contact with the table (22),
- guided in translation on at least one of the columns (34, 35)., a plate (26) constituting the upper matrix (10), which plate is controlled in translation relatively to the lower matrix (9), and therefore to the columns (34, 35), by at least one means (28) for displacement,
- guided in translation on at least one of the columns (34, 35), at least one plate (40) which carries the assembly of the members (30) controlling the openings (29) of the upper matrix, this plate (40) being mobile in translation relatively to the plate (26) of the upper matrix by at least one means (31) for displacement.
EP86400760A 1985-04-16 1986-04-09 Method for making building blocks, means for performing this method and product obtained thereby Expired EP0202138B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86400760T ATE45538T1 (en) 1985-04-16 1986-04-09 METHOD OF MAKING WALL BLOCKS, PLANT FOR CARRYING OUT THESE METHOD AND OBJECT MANUFACTURED THEREFORE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8506086 1985-04-16
FR8506086A FR2580314B1 (en) 1985-04-16 1985-04-16 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING BUILDING BLOCKS, MEANS FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD AND PRODUCT THUS OBTAINED

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0202138A1 EP0202138A1 (en) 1986-11-20
EP0202138B1 true EP0202138B1 (en) 1989-08-16

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EP86400760A Expired EP0202138B1 (en) 1985-04-16 1986-04-09 Method for making building blocks, means for performing this method and product obtained thereby

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US (1) US4725214A (en)
EP (1) EP0202138B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH062323B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE45538T1 (en)
AU (1) AU583610B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8601688A (en)
DE (1) DE3665039D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8706888A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2580314B1 (en)
GR (1) GR860976B (en)
IN (1) IN164326B (en)
NZ (1) NZ215626A (en)
PT (1) PT82398B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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IT1211575B (en) * 1987-12-03 1989-11-03 Fiat Auto Spa VERTICAL PRESS FOR THE MOLDING OF PLASTIC MATERIALS PARTICULARLY THERMO-HARD PLASTIC MATERIALS
DE4200602A1 (en) * 1992-01-13 1993-08-12 Metten Produktion & Handel METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING HOLE STONES
DE19600129A1 (en) * 1995-02-26 1996-09-05 Gerhard Ing Grad Hiesl Method of producing concrete stones
DE19531800A1 (en) * 1995-08-30 1997-03-06 Kobra Formen & Anlagenbau Gmbh Mold for the production of shaped stones
US8252221B2 (en) * 2006-12-29 2012-08-28 Lacuna Inc. Compacting techniques for forming lightweight concrete building blocks
US20080184640A1 (en) * 2007-02-01 2008-08-07 James Rhodes Movable building and building foundation
DE102011050971B4 (en) * 2011-06-09 2014-04-03 Rekers Verwaltungs-GmbH & Co. KG Stone forming machine with linearly guided support element
DE102011050970B4 (en) * 2011-06-09 2013-08-22 Rekers Verwaltungs-GmbH & Co. KG Stone forming machine and method for height adjustment of a stone forming machine
CN109249523A (en) * 2018-11-19 2019-01-22 泸州时为节能科技有限公司 A kind of pouring for cement foam board uses mold

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DE258335C (en) *
US986701A (en) * 1908-02-15 1911-03-14 Atlantic Terra Cotta Company Apparatus for molding clay articles.
US1425010A (en) * 1920-07-29 1922-08-08 Henry Y Haws Process and machine for making bricks
DE445602C (en) * 1925-09-29 1927-06-11 Vorm Georg Dorst A G Maschf Press for tiles with a rounded edge
US2875499A (en) * 1953-07-14 1959-03-03 Charles R Ross Block making apparatus
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AT295374B (en) * 1969-05-22 1971-12-27 Wolfgang Schneider Process and installation and manufacture of elements made of concrete
AU468942B2 (en) * 1972-07-05 1976-01-29 Balzer Gernot Production means and method for interlocking building blocks
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FR2474940B1 (en) * 1980-02-01 1986-06-13 Iacono Jean SYSTEM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE OR OTHER DOUBLE-INTERLOCKING PRODUCTS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8706888A1 (en) 1987-07-01
IN164326B (en) 1989-02-18
AU583610B2 (en) 1989-05-04
FR2580314B1 (en) 1987-06-05
EP0202138A1 (en) 1986-11-20
ATE45538T1 (en) 1989-09-15
PT82398A (en) 1986-05-01
ES553976A0 (en) 1987-07-01
GR860976B (en) 1986-08-06
JPS61287705A (en) 1986-12-18
NZ215626A (en) 1987-06-30
PT82398B (en) 1992-07-31
AU5610986A (en) 1986-10-23
FR2580314A1 (en) 1986-10-17
BR8601688A (en) 1986-12-16
US4725214A (en) 1988-02-16
DE3665039D1 (en) 1989-09-21
JPH062323B2 (en) 1994-01-12

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