EP0027376A1 - Moulding equipment for manufacturing building blocks and building block manufactured by this equipment - Google Patents
Moulding equipment for manufacturing building blocks and building block manufactured by this equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0027376A1 EP0027376A1 EP80303595A EP80303595A EP0027376A1 EP 0027376 A1 EP0027376 A1 EP 0027376A1 EP 80303595 A EP80303595 A EP 80303595A EP 80303595 A EP80303595 A EP 80303595A EP 0027376 A1 EP0027376 A1 EP 0027376A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- moulding
- base
- building block
- moulding base
- forming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/16—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes
- B28B7/18—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article
- B28B7/183—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article for building blocks or similar block-shaped objects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/08—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with two or more rams per mould
- B28B3/083—The juxtaposed rams working in the same direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/16—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes
- B28B7/162—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes for building blocks or similar block-shaped articles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
- E04B2002/0221—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of conical shape
Definitions
- THIS invention relates to the manufacture of building blocks using moulding equipment.
- An object of the invention is the provision of novel moulding equipment wherein blocks which have mating male and female keying formations may be formed in a single operation.
- Such equipment comprises a moulding base, forming means receivable on the moulding base to define the sides of a building block to be formed therein, ram means for co-operation with the forming means in piston fashion for compacting a charge of material located in the forming means, and means for forming a first keying formation in the surface of the building block remote from the moulding base during formation of the building block.
- the invention is characterised in that the moulding base is shaped to form at the same time a second keying formation complementary to the first keying formation in the surface of the building block abutting the moulding base.
- the moulding base includes at least one concavity in its surface, the concavity forming the second keying formation in the building block in the nature of a male keying member.
- the concavity in the moulding base may be shaped to provide a truncated conoidal second or male keying formation.
- the concavity is shaped to provide the said male keying formation as a tapered annulus.
- the means for forming the first keying formation in the surface of the building block comprises a cylindrical element located in the forming means, the cylindrical element forming the first keying formation in the building block in the nature of a female keying member.
- the cylindrical element is adapted to provide the said first or female keying formation as a socket which extends through the building block to the second keying formation.
- the cylindrical element should be tapered so that in the preferred block the socket tapers towards the male keying formation which itself comprises a tapered annulus surrounding the narrow end of the socket.
- the equipment incorporates a plurality of cylindrical elements and concavities in the moulding base to provide a plurality of first and second keying formations in the building block during its production and a bank of forming means is provided for association with a moulding base incorporating a series of concavities such that a plurality of building blocks is formed in one operation of the moulding equipment.
- the moulding base is a pallet preferably of wood and means are provided for aligning the moulding base relative to the forming means.
- Such aligning means may comprise a socket in the moulding base adapted to receive a locating pin mounted on the forming means.
- the moulding equipment may include means to feed a pallet horizontally beneath vertically movable forming means and stop means to locate the pallet relative to the forming means, the stop means being movable to permit the pallet to be displaced past the stop means by the application of force to the pallet.
- the invention also provides a moulding base having the features hereinabove described and a building block when produced by moulding equipment as described above.
- the invention further provides a substantially rectilinear parallelpiped building block having at least one tapered annular male keying formation projecting from a surface thereof and a complementary cylindrical female keying formation in the surface of the building block parallel to the base, the female keying formation being tapered towards and extending through the block to the male keying formation.
- Figure 17 is a section on the lines XV11-XV11 in figure 16.
- a rectangular parallelepiped building block 1 is provided on the base la thereof with three male keying formations in the form of truncated cones 2 spaced from one another along the length of the building block.
- three male keying formations in the form of truncated cones 2 spaced from one another along the length of the building block.
- three complementary female keying formations in the form of cylindrical holes 3.
- the holes 3 extend the greater part of the height of the building block 1 and thereby reduce the mass of the building block.
- the spacing of the keying formations described above is such as to allow building blocks 1 to be laid one upon the other in staggered relationship with one or more keying formations in one block in interengagement with those in an adjacent block. Furthermore, the arrangement of the keying formations in the block 1 allows a junction to be established between two walls with the end keying formations in the blocks in interengagement with one another.
- a moulding base is provided in the form of a wooden pallet 5.
- the pallet 5 has four rows of concavities or indentations 6 therein which form the truncated cones 2 in the building blocks 1 during the moulding operation.
- Each side of the pallet 5 parallel to the rows of concavities 6 is provided with a metal cladding 8 having a socket 9 extending through the pallet 5.
- Forming means are provided in the form of an open ended box 10 receivable on the pallet 5.
- the box 10 has three vertical, spaced partitions 11 therein which together with the walls 10a of the box 10 form a bank of four forming boxes 14 which define the sides of four building blocks 1 formed in the box during one operation of the moulding equipment.
- Each wall 10a of the box parallel to the partitions 11 is provided with an external locating pin 1 2 receivable in a socket 9 in the pallet 5 to align the rows of concavities in the latter with the forming boxes 14.
- Means are provided in the forming boxes 14 for forming the cylindrical holes 3 in the building block 1 in its surface remote from the pallet 5 during formation of the building blocks in the forming boxes.
- Such means in this embodiment of the invention comprise three right circular cylindrical elements 15 positioned in each box 14 and secured by webs 16.
- Ram means are provided for co-operation with the boxes 14 in piston fashion for compressing a charge of material when located in the forming boxes 14 into the form of the building blocks 1.
- Such means in this embodiment of the invention comprise a plurality of plates 17 attached to connecting rods 18 and having suitable apertures 19 between adjacent plates 17 to accomodate the elements 15, webs 16 and partitions 11 during the ramming operation.
- the moulding equipment described above is housed in a frame 21 shown in figure 9.
- the frame 21 supports a hopper 22 for storing material from which the building blocks 1 are made.
- a receptacle 23 mounted on wheels 24 is provided to convey such material from the hopper 22 to the forming boxes 14.
- the receptacle 23 is connected to suitable arms 25 adapted to be activated to displace the receptacle 23 from the position shown in figure 9 under the hopper 22 to a position over the forming boxes 14.
- the wheels 24 of the receptacle 23 are mounted for movement on rails 26 on the flame 21 which align with rails 27 on the box 10 when the latter is positioned on the pallet 5.
- the receptacle 23 does not have a base but is located on a flat surface 28 which is co-planar with the surface 10b of the box 10 when the latter is in position on the pallet 5.
- the connecting rods 18 carrying the plates 17 are attached to a platten 30 which is provided with guides 31 receivable in a pair of guide posts 32 extending the height of the frame 21.
- the box 10 is similarly provided with guides 33 receivable in the guide posts 32.
- a main hydraulic ram 34 is provided on the frame 21 and in a preferred form of the invention the ram 34 operates to displace both the platten 30 carrying the connecting rods 18 and the box 10 during operation of the moulding equipment in the manner hereinafter described.
- Stop means are provided on the frame 21 to locate the pallet 5 in position under the forming box 1 0. Such means are illustrated in figure 7 and comprise a stop member 35 projecting into the sliding path of the pallet 5.
- the member 35 is attached to a resiliently flexible arm 36 so that upon application of force by the pallet 5 moving in the direction of its sliding path indicated by numeral 36, the stop member 35 is displaced outwardly in the direction indicated by numeral 37 to allow the pallet 5 to pass.
- the starting position of the various parts is shown in figure 1 with the receptacle 23 located under the hopper 22 where it receives material from the latter.
- the pallet 5 is displaced (by a sequential pallet which will be used in the next block making cycle) to a position under the box 10 where it engages stop 35 and is initially located in position.
- the box 10 is then lowered onto the pallet 5 so that its locating pins 12 engage in the sockets 9 in the pallet 5 and locate the pallet accurately relative to therorming boxes 14.
- the receptacle 23 containing material from the hopper 22 is then displaced on the surface 28 to a position on the box 10 where the material discharges from the receptacle 23 into the forming boxes 14.
- the receptacle 23 and box 10 are made to vibrate to ensure settling of the material inside the forming boxes 14.
- the receptacle 23 is then withdrawn to its starting position whereafter the platten 30 descends thrusting the plates 17 into the forming boxes 14 to compress the material therein and form the building blocks 1 therein on the pallet 5.
- the box 10 is thereupon raised to its starting position whilst the plates 17 hold the building blocks in position on the pallet 5. Thereafter, as shown in figure 5, the platten 30 carrying the plates 17 is withdrawn and the pallet 5 is displaced by an incoming clean pallet 5a to permit the process described above to be repeated.
- the preferred building block 41 of the invention is illustrated in figures 10, 11 and 13 and is manufactured by the procedure described above.
- the apparatus for production of the preferred block differs from that described above only in that the cylindrical elements 15 are truncated conical cylinders instead of right circular cylinders, the elements tapering towards the lower part of the forming boxes 14 in order to provide the tapered female keying formations 43.
- the female keying formations in the form of conical holes 43 extend right through the block. This structure is achieved by ensuring that the elements 15 located in the forming boxes 1 4 extend right down to the base of the concavities 6 when the box 10 is lowered onto the pallet 5 in a block making cycle.
- the forming boxes 14 are also provided with circumferential plates at their upper ends to form chamfered corners 44 on the block.
- a block 51 which has similar male and female keying formations 52 and 53 respectively to those of the block 41 but, as will be seen from figure 12, the block 51 is of channel section.
- Adjacent blocks 51 in a single course will therefore provide a continuous channel in which concrete reinforcing may be located for the formation of the beam structure.
- block 51 the forming means will, in addition to the incorporation of means for forming the female keying formations, incorporate means to form the channel in the block.
- the smaller blocks are useful at corners and in the building of windows and like structures.
- the block 81 illustrated in figure 16 is similar to that illustrated in figure 10 except that the block of figure 16 has greater height than that of figure 10 and the female keying formations are differently shaped as described below.
- the larger dimensions of the block 81 is achieved by utilising suitably dimensioned forming boxes 14.
- the female keying formations 83 in the block 81 are formed in the block during its production by providing suitably shaped elements in the forming boxes in place of the elements 15 illustrated in figure 8.
- the elements for the formation of the holes or female keying formations 83 in the block 81 comprise a right circular cylindrical portion in the upper zone of the boxes to correspond with the hole sections 83a, and a truncated conical portion to correspond with the hole sections 83b. It will be appreciated that any additional height of building block may be achieved in this way merely by varying the axial dimensions of the forming boxes 14 and right cylindrical portions of the shaped elements 15 therein.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
Abstract
Moulding equipment is disclosed for the manufacture of building blocks having male and female formations through which interlocking of blocks in adjacent courses can be effected. The moulding equipment incorporates a block forming box (10) and is characterised in the provision of a separate moulding base (5) for the box. The base (5) defines one of the formations so that when a block has been formed and the forming box (10) has been removed, the blocks can be lifted off the moulding base.
Description
- THIS invention relates to the manufacture of building blocks using moulding equipment.
- An object of the invention is the provision of novel moulding equipment wherein blocks which have mating male and female keying formations may be formed in a single operation.
- Such equipment comprises a moulding base, forming means receivable on the moulding base to define the sides of a building block to be formed therein, ram means for co-operation with the forming means in piston fashion for compacting a charge of material located in the forming means, and means for forming a first keying formation in the surface of the building block remote from the moulding base during formation of the building block. The invention is characterised in that the moulding base is shaped to form at the same time a second keying formation complementary to the first keying formation in the surface of the building block abutting the moulding base.
- Further according to the invention the moulding base includes at least one concavity in its surface, the concavity forming the second keying formation in the building block in the nature of a male keying member.
- The concavity in the moulding base may be shaped to provide a truncated conoidal second or male keying formation. In an alternative preferred arrangement the concavity is shaped to provide the said male keying formation as a tapered annulus.
- Also according to the invention the means for forming the first keying formation in the surface of the building block comprises a cylindrical element located in the forming means, the cylindrical element forming the first keying formation in the building block in the nature of a female keying member.
- In the preferred arrangement the cylindrical element is adapted to provide the said first or female keying formation as a socket which extends through the building block to the second keying formation. The cylindrical element should be tapered so that in the preferred block the socket tapers towards the male keying formation which itself comprises a tapered annulus surrounding the narrow end of the socket.
- Further according to the invention the equipment incorporates a plurality of cylindrical elements and concavities in the moulding base to provide a plurality of first and second keying formations in the building block during its production and a bank of forming means is provided for association with a moulding base incorporating a series of concavities such that a plurality of building blocks is formed in one operation of the moulding equipment.
- Still further according to the invention the moulding base is a pallet preferably of wood and means are provided for aligning the moulding base relative to the forming means. Such aligning means may comprise a socket in the moulding base adapted to receive a locating pin mounted on the forming means.
- The moulding equipment may include means to feed a pallet horizontally beneath vertically movable forming means and stop means to locate the pallet relative to the forming means, the stop means being movable to permit the pallet to be displaced past the stop means by the application of force to the pallet.
- The invention also provides a moulding base having the features hereinabove described and a building block when produced by moulding equipment as described above. The invention further provides a substantially rectilinear parallelpiped building block having at least one tapered annular male keying formation projecting from a surface thereof and a complementary cylindrical female keying formation in the surface of the building block parallel to the base, the female keying formation being tapered towards and extending through the block to the male keying formation.
- A preferred embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figures 1 to 5 are schematic diagrams showing the sequence of operation in moulding equipment according to the invention;
- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional perspective view of one form of building block according to the invention;
- Figure 7 is a perspective view of stop means used in the moulding equipment;
- Figure 8 is a perspective view of certain parts of the moulding equipment, associated parts being omitted for the sake of clarity;
- Figure 9 is a perspective view of moulding equipment according to the invention, parts thereof being omitted for the sake of clarity;
- Figures 10 and 11 are isometric X-ray views of a preferred block according to the invention seen respectively from the top and from below;
- Figure 12 is a similar view from the top of a channel block according to the invention;
- Figures 13 to 15 are respectively plan views of a full block according to figures 10 and 11, a half block of similar construction and a third size such block;
- Figures 16 is a side view of an alternative form of the preferred block according to the invention showing the cylindrical female keying formations
- in the block in broken lines; and Figure 17 is a section on the lines XV11-XV11 in figure 16.
- Referring to figure 6 a rectangular
parallelepiped building block 1 is provided on the base la thereof with three male keying formations in the form oftruncated cones 2 spaced from one another along the length of the building block. In the upper surface l(b) of the block parallel to the base la are three complementary female keying formations in the form of cylindrical holes 3. The holes 3 extend the greater part of the height of thebuilding block 1 and thereby reduce the mass of the building block. - The spacing of the keying formations described above is such as to allow
building blocks 1 to be laid one upon the other in staggered relationship with one or more keying formations in one block in interengagement with those in an adjacent block. Furthermore, the arrangement of the keying formations in theblock 1 allows a junction to be established between two walls with the end keying formations in the blocks in interengagement with one another. - The moulding equipment used to manufacture the
building block 1 is illustrated in figures 7, 8 and 9. A moulding base is provided in the form of awooden pallet 5. Thepallet 5 has four rows of concavities orindentations 6 therein which form thetruncated cones 2 in thebuilding blocks 1 during the moulding operation. Each side of thepallet 5 parallel to the rows ofconcavities 6 is provided with ametal cladding 8 having a socket 9 extending through thepallet 5. - Forming means are provided in the form of an open ended
box 10 receivable on thepallet 5. In this embodiment of the invention thebox 10 has three vertical, spacedpartitions 11 therein which together with the walls 10a of thebox 10 form a bank of four formingboxes 14 which define the sides of fourbuilding blocks 1 formed in the box during one operation of the moulding equipment. - Each wall 10a of the box parallel to the
partitions 11 is provided with an external locatingpin 12 receivable in a socket 9 in thepallet 5 to align the rows of concavities in the latter with the formingboxes 14. - Means are provided in the forming
boxes 14 for forming the cylindrical holes 3 in thebuilding block 1 in its surface remote from thepallet 5 during formation of the building blocks in the forming boxes. Such means in this embodiment of the invention comprise three right circularcylindrical elements 15 positioned in eachbox 14 and secured bywebs 16. Ram means are provided for co-operation with theboxes 14 in piston fashion for compressing a charge of material when located in the formingboxes 14 into the form of thebuilding blocks 1. Such means in this embodiment of the invention comprise a plurality ofplates 17 attached to connectingrods 18 and havingsuitable apertures 19 betweenadjacent plates 17 to accomodate theelements 15,webs 16 andpartitions 11 during the ramming operation. - The moulding equipment described above is housed in a
frame 21 shown in figure 9. Theframe 21 supports ahopper 22 for storing material from which thebuilding blocks 1 are made. Areceptacle 23 mounted onwheels 24 is provided to convey such material from thehopper 22 to the formingboxes 14. For this purpose thereceptacle 23 is connected tosuitable arms 25 adapted to be activated to displace thereceptacle 23 from the position shown in figure 9 under thehopper 22 to a position over the formingboxes 14. - The
wheels 24 of thereceptacle 23 are mounted for movement onrails 26 on theflame 21 which align withrails 27 on thebox 10 when the latter is positioned on thepallet 5. - The
receptacle 23 does not have a base but is located on aflat surface 28 which is co-planar with the surface 10b of thebox 10 when the latter is in position on thepallet 5. - The connecting
rods 18 carrying theplates 17 are attached to aplatten 30 which is provided withguides 31 receivable in a pair ofguide posts 32 extending the height of theframe 21. Thebox 10 is similarly provided with guides 33 receivable in theguide posts 32. - A main
hydraulic ram 34 is provided on theframe 21 and in a preferred form of the invention theram 34 operates to displace both theplatten 30 carrying the connectingrods 18 and thebox 10 during operation of the moulding equipment in the manner hereinafter described. - Stop means are provided on the
frame 21 to locate thepallet 5 in position under the forming box 10. Such means are illustrated in figure 7 and comprise astop member 35 projecting into the sliding path of thepallet 5. Themember 35 is attached to a resilientlyflexible arm 36 so that upon application of force by thepallet 5 moving in the direction of its sliding path indicated bynumeral 36, thestop member 35 is displaced outwardly in the direction indicated bynumeral 37 to allow thepallet 5 to pass. - The sequence of operation of the equipment will now be described with reference to figures 1 to 5 in which like numerals refer to like parts in figures 8 and 9.
- The starting position of the various parts is shown in figure 1 with the
receptacle 23 located under thehopper 22 where it receives material from the latter. As shown in figure 2 thepallet 5 is displaced (by a sequential pallet which will be used in the next block making cycle) to a position under thebox 10 where it engagesstop 35 and is initially located in position. The box 10 is then lowered onto thepallet 5 so that its locatingpins 12 engage in the sockets 9 in thepallet 5 and locate the pallet accurately relative totherorming boxes 14. Thereceptacle 23 containing material from thehopper 22 is then displaced on thesurface 28 to a position on thebox 10 where the material discharges from thereceptacle 23 into the formingboxes 14. - In a preferred form, the
receptacle 23 andbox 10 are made to vibrate to ensure settling of the material inside the formingboxes 14. - As shown in figure 3, the
receptacle 23 is then withdrawn to its starting position whereafter theplatten 30 descends thrusting theplates 17 into the formingboxes 14 to compress the material therein and form thebuilding blocks 1 therein on thepallet 5. - As shown in figure 4 the
box 10 is thereupon raised to its starting position whilst theplates 17 hold the building blocks in position on thepallet 5. Thereafter, as shown in figure 5, theplatten 30 carrying theplates 17 is withdrawn and thepallet 5 is displaced by an incoming clean pallet 5a to permit the process described above to be repeated. - When the building blocks on the
pallet 5 have set sufficiently, they are removed and thepallet 5 is cleaned to enable it to be re-used. - The
preferred building block 41 of the invention is illustrated in figures 10, 11 and 13 and is manufactured by the procedure described above. The apparatus for production of the preferred block differs from that described above only in that thecylindrical elements 15 are truncated conical cylinders instead of right circular cylinders, the elements tapering towards the lower part of the formingboxes 14 in order to provide the taperedfemale keying formations 43. - In the
block 41 the female keying formations in the form ofconical holes 43 extend right through the block. This structure is achieved by ensuring that theelements 15 located in the forming boxes 14 extend right down to the base of theconcavities 6 when thebox 10 is lowered onto thepallet 5 in a block making cycle. - The result of such disposition of the conical cylindrical elements relative to the pallet is that the
male keying formations 42 which are produced take the form of tapered annuli surrounding the narrow ends of the taperedsockets 43. - For the production of the
preferred block 41 the formingboxes 14 are also provided with circumferential plates at their upper ends to form chamferedcorners 44 on the block. - In the erection of structures with the blocks of the invention mere keying of overlapping blocks may be effected without the use of mortar or other bonding agent. To ensure that a wall structure has the necessary rigidity it may be advisable to build spaced courses in the nature of beams which will act to lock blocks of superimposed courses together.
- For this purpose a
block 51 is provided which has similar male andfemale keying formations 52 and 53 respectively to those of theblock 41 but, as will be seen from figure 12, theblock 51 is of channel section. -
Adjacent blocks 51 in a single course will therefore provide a continuous channel in which concrete reinforcing may be located for the formation of the beam structure. - It will be appreciated that in the construction of
block 51 the forming means will, in addition to the incorporation of means for forming the female keying formations, incorporate means to form the channel in the block. - Referring now to figures 14 and 15 respectively, two-thirds and one-third size blocks 61 and 71 are provided which are otherwise identical to the
preferred block 41. - The smaller blocks are useful at corners and in the building of windows and like structures.
- The
block 81 illustrated in figure 16 is similar to that illustrated in figure 10 except that the block of figure 16 has greater height than that of figure 10 and the female keying formations are differently shaped as described below. The larger dimensions of theblock 81 is achieved by utilising suitably dimensioned formingboxes 14. Thefemale keying formations 83 in theblock 81 are formed in the block during its production by providing suitably shaped elements in the forming boxes in place of theelements 15 illustrated in figure 8. The elements for the formation of the holes orfemale keying formations 83 in theblock 81 comprise a right circular cylindrical portion in the upper zone of the boxes to correspond with thehole sections 83a, and a truncated conical portion to correspond with thehole sections 83b. It will be appreciated that any additional height of building block may be achieved in this way merely by varying the axial dimensions of the formingboxes 14 and right cylindrical portions of the shapedelements 15 therein. - Many embodiments of the invention may be made differing from that described above in matters of detail only and without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (22)
1. Moulding equipment suitable for manufacturing building blocks comprising a moulding base, forming means receivable on the moulding base to define the sides of a building block to be formed therein, ram means for co-operation with the forming means in piston fashion for compacting a charge of material located in the forming means, and means for forming a first keying formation in the surface of the building block remote from the moulding base during formation of the building block, characterised in that the moulding base (5) is shaped to form at the same time a second keying formation (2) complementary to the first keying formation (3) in the surface of the building block abutting the moulding base (5).
2. Moulding equipment according to claim 1, characterised in that the moulding base (5) includes at least one concavity (6) in its surface, the concavity (6) forming the second keying formation (2) in the building block in the nature of a male keying member.
3. Moulding equipment according to claim 2, characterised in that the concavity (6) in the moulding base (5) is shaped to provide a truncated conoidal second or male keying formation (2).
4. Moulding equipment according to claim 2, characterised in that the concavity (6) in the moulding base (5) is shaped to provide the said male keying formation (2) as a tapered annulus.
5. Moulding equipment according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the means for forming the first keying formation (5) in the surface of the building block comprises a cylindrical element (15) located in the forming means, the cylindrical element (15) forming the first keying formation in the building block in the nature of a female keying member (3).
6. Moulding equipment according to claim 5, characterised in that the cylindrical element (15) is adapted to provide the said first or female keying formation (3) as a socket which extends through the building block to the second keying formation (2).
7. Moulding equipment according to claim 6, characterised in that the cylindrical element (15) is tapered in the direction of the moulding base (5).
8. Moulding equipment according to claim 5, characterised in that it includes a plurality of cylindrical elements (15) in the forming means (10) and a plurality of concavities (6) in the moulding base (5) to provide a plurality of first and second keying formations in the building block.
9. Moulding equipment according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by a bank of forming means for association with a moulding base (5) incorporating a series of concavities (6) such that a plurality of building blocks is formed in one operation of the moulding equipment.
10. Moulding equipment according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the moulding base (5) is a pallet.
11. Moulding equipment according to claim 10, characterised in that the pallet is constructed of wood.
12. Moulding equipment according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it includes means (9,12) for aligning the moulding base (5) relative to the forming means (10).
13. Moulding equipment according to claim 12, characterised in that the means for aligning the moulding base (5) relative to the forming means comprises a socket (9) in the moulding base (5) adapted to receive a locating pin (12) located on the forming means (10).
14. Moulding equipment according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it includes means to feed a moulding base (5) horizontally beneath vertically movable forming means (10) and stop means (35, 36) adapted to locate the moulding base (5) relative to the forming means (10), the stop means being movable to permit the moulding base (5) to be displaced past the stop means by the application of force on the moulding base.
15. A building block when produced by moulding equipment as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
16. A rectilinear parallelepipedal building block having at least one tapered annular male keying formation projecting from a surface thereof and a complementary cylindrical female keying formation in the surface of the building block parallel to the base, characterised in that the female keying formation (3) is tapered towards and extends through the block to the male keying formation (2).
17. A moulding base suitable for use with moulding equipment comprising forming means receivable on the moulding base to define the sides- of a building block to be formed therein and ram means for co-operation with the forming means in piston fashion for forming a charge of material when located in the forming means into the form of the building block, characterised in that the moulding base (5) is shaped to form a keying formation in the surface of the building block abutting the moulding base.
18. A moulding base according to claim 17, characterised by at least one concavity (6) in its surface, the concavity forming the keying formation in the building block in the nature of a male keying formation (2).
19. A moulding base according to claim 18, characterised by a plurality of rows of concavities (6) in its surface.
20. A moulding base according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterised in that the moulding base is a pallet.
21. The moulding base of claim 20, characterised in that the pallet is constructed of wood.
22. A moulding base according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterised in that it includes a socket (9) in the moulding base for receiving a locating pin (12) on the forming means (10) for aligning the moulding base relative to the forming means.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA795486 | 1979-10-15 | ||
ZA795486 | 1979-10-15 | ||
AU67999/81A AU6799981A (en) | 1979-10-15 | 1981-03-03 | Ram/mould mating building blocks |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0027376A1 true EP0027376A1 (en) | 1981-04-22 |
Family
ID=25635538
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80303595A Withdrawn EP0027376A1 (en) | 1979-10-15 | 1980-10-13 | Moulding equipment for manufacturing building blocks and building block manufactured by this equipment |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0027376A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2517246A1 (en) * | 1981-11-27 | 1983-06-03 | Hapel Joseph | Method of moulding building blocks - has lower face stamp placed on table with mould box containing upper stamp lowered into place |
GB2128238A (en) * | 1982-10-09 | 1984-04-26 | Cube System Geruestbau Gmbh | Load supporting framework for use on building sites |
GB2152652A (en) * | 1984-01-09 | 1985-08-07 | Powramtic Limited | An electric storage heater |
US4725214A (en) * | 1985-04-16 | 1988-02-16 | Giovanni Piazza | Apparatus for the fabrication of construction blocks |
DE10136695A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-02-13 | Hermann Kuesel Gmbh | Compactor for material has upper and lower mold parts, vibrator, cores and core-holder-bars supported n mold wall, with intermediate element |
WO2004071732A1 (en) * | 2003-02-11 | 2004-08-26 | Kvm Industrimaskiner A/S | Moulding equipment with cores for concrete casting machines |
WO2017178044A1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Iso-Air Investments Pty Ltd | Dry stack building block, dry stack system, prefabricated wall panel, building, building method, manufacturing method and mould system |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1697347A (en) * | 1927-07-05 | 1929-01-01 | Claude V Birkhead | Multiple-block mold |
GB344389A (en) * | 1929-10-16 | 1931-03-02 | John Francis O Rourke | Improvements in and connected with moulding apparatus |
FR875264A (en) * | 1941-08-28 | 1942-09-14 | Concrete block and mold for its manufacture | |
US2668435A (en) * | 1948-11-12 | 1954-02-09 | Clements Norman Thomas | Hollow structural building unit |
-
1980
- 1980-10-13 EP EP80303595A patent/EP0027376A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1697347A (en) * | 1927-07-05 | 1929-01-01 | Claude V Birkhead | Multiple-block mold |
GB344389A (en) * | 1929-10-16 | 1931-03-02 | John Francis O Rourke | Improvements in and connected with moulding apparatus |
FR875264A (en) * | 1941-08-28 | 1942-09-14 | Concrete block and mold for its manufacture | |
US2668435A (en) * | 1948-11-12 | 1954-02-09 | Clements Norman Thomas | Hollow structural building unit |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2517246A1 (en) * | 1981-11-27 | 1983-06-03 | Hapel Joseph | Method of moulding building blocks - has lower face stamp placed on table with mould box containing upper stamp lowered into place |
GB2128238A (en) * | 1982-10-09 | 1984-04-26 | Cube System Geruestbau Gmbh | Load supporting framework for use on building sites |
GB2152652A (en) * | 1984-01-09 | 1985-08-07 | Powramtic Limited | An electric storage heater |
US4725214A (en) * | 1985-04-16 | 1988-02-16 | Giovanni Piazza | Apparatus for the fabrication of construction blocks |
DE10136695A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-02-13 | Hermann Kuesel Gmbh | Compactor for material has upper and lower mold parts, vibrator, cores and core-holder-bars supported n mold wall, with intermediate element |
WO2004071732A1 (en) * | 2003-02-11 | 2004-08-26 | Kvm Industrimaskiner A/S | Moulding equipment with cores for concrete casting machines |
US7309226B2 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2007-12-18 | Kvm Industrimaskiner A/S | Moulding equipment with cores for concrete casting machines |
WO2017178044A1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Iso-Air Investments Pty Ltd | Dry stack building block, dry stack system, prefabricated wall panel, building, building method, manufacturing method and mould system |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19810805 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19830519 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: FREEMANTLE, HENRY GEORGE |