Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
  • D06P3/58—Material containing hydroxyl groups
  • D06P3/60—Natural or regenerated cellulose
  • D06P3/66—Natural or regenerated cellulose using reactive dyes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/0004—General aspects of dyeing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/916—Natural fiber dyeing
  • Y10S8/918—Cellulose textile

Definitions

• the dyeing of textile material from cellulose fibers by pulling out alkaline fixing reactive dyes from an aqueous medium is by far the largest and most important area of application for this class of dyes and, according to the previous procedures, usually takes place in the "all-in process” or in a “preliminary process” or in a “stage process", which differ from one another in terms of the type of process management. This takes into account the fact that there is a very high risk of irregularity if, in the case of a reactive dyeing of the dye and electrolyte-containing liquor at dyeing temperature, all of the alkali required for fixing is available at once, which results in a rapid increase in the fixing of the dye.
• the entire amount of dye, salt, alkali and, if appropriate, a textile auxiliary at low temperature (room temperature) is put into the pull-out bath in the usual "all-in process" fed dyeing machine loaded with textile goods; thereupon the batch prepared in this way is heated to the intended dyeing temperature and the measures introduced for coloring the goods are now brought to a end for a certain time under the set temperature conditions, the fixing taking place.
• fast-fixing dyes are often used to achieve insufficient levelness of coloration in the presence of otherwise difficult material and / or machine conditions.
• an isothermal dyeing process is known from the South African patent specification ZA-A-84/1967 and is in use in practice, according to which the dye, electrolyte, optionally a textile auxiliary and the cellulosic textile-containing aqueous dye bath containing the dye, electrolyte, and the like Fixation of the reactive dye required alkali is metered.
• the alkali is dosed automatically; it starts with a small amount of alkali per unit of time, and this addition of alkali is increasingly increased in the course of the metering process in accordance with a specific program.
• the progression of metering can be controlled between 0% (linear) and 100% (exponential or logarithmic) in 10% steps.
• the dosing time can be 30, 60 or 90 minutes.
• the present invention thus relates to a process for the level dyeing of textile material from cellulose fibers in an aqueous medium with alkaline fixable reactive dyes by the exhaust technique, which is characterized in that the alkali required for dye fixation in a continuous or quasi-continuous manner over a predetermined period of time away in a quantity depending on the type of a parabolic function per unit of time, which is metered in at a fixing temperature, containing the dye material, at least one such dye and optionally all other ingredients, but no fixing alkali.
• the procedure described above is carried out automatically with the aid of a computer-controlled metering device (e.g. from the prototype shown in ZA-PS 84/1967), which is capable due to its design features, the alkali metering in the fleet immediately under fixing conditions according to the prescribed addition scheme to control.
• a computer-controlled metering device e.g. from the prototype shown in ZA-PS 84/1967
• the alkali metering in the fleet immediately under fixing conditions according to the prescribed addition scheme to control.
• the isothermal procedure is preferred, with a relatively low temperature (range around 30-50 ° C.) or a relatively high temperature (range around 60-100 ° C.) being selected, depending on the type of dye or substrate.
• the provisions according to the invention for the continuous or approximately continuous control of the addition mode based on the measurement basis of a parabolic function are to be understood such that at the beginning of the dosing process a relatively high amount of alkali per unit time, then a continuously or gradually decreasing amount of alkali per unit time , and finally a continuously or gradually increasing amount of alkali per unit of time until the consumption of the total amount of alkali required for dye fixation is entered into the dyeing liquor.
• the guidelines to be used for programming the amount of alkali to be metered in per unit of time depend on the type of reactive dye or its reactive anchor, the type of textile material and the type of dyeing equipment used (for stationary or moving goods).
• the characteristic of the dosing curve symbolized by a diagram (depending on progression and time) can have a relatively flat or relatively steep curve.
• the total metering process can generally be completed in a time between 10 and 120 minutes, preferably between 15 and 60 minutes, which makes up a substantial part of the total dyeing time.
• Rational mathematical functions can be used to determine the course of the alkali quantity dosage, for example an entire n-degree rational function: such as the following general quadratic equation: or a trigonometric function:
• a quasi-continuous alkali metering is to be understood as a mode of operation in which the mode of addition for the alkali amounts follows the course of a parabola over the entire metering period, but in which the measures for metering take place in individual batches (e.g. analogous to the rhythm of a piston pump) or at which the addition rate remains constant for a certain time (seconds or minutes) and then gradually changes to reduced or increased values.
• the alkali metering according to the invention can thus also proceed in such a way that certain constant units of quantity of the alkali are metered in at such a time cycle that the course of a parabola is observed over the entire metering period.
• the alkali to be used for dye fixation according to the process can be an alkali hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, polyphosphate or another alkaline substance or a mixture of different of these alkalis, in particular the corresponding sodium compounds.
• the required menu The choice and selection of such alkalis depends on the type of reactive dye used or its reactive anchor and corresponds to the recipes customary in dyeing practice.
• the process according to the invention leads to a surprisingly cheap, i.e. even course of dye fixation. This means that the dyeing process can be completed in a much shorter time than was possible according to the prior art and that one can still achieve excellent dye levelness.
• the organic dyes known under this generic term - regardless of the type of their fiber-reactive group - are considered as reactive dyes.
• This class of dyes is referred to in the Color Index, 3rd edition 1971 and additions in 1975 as "C.I. Reactive Dyes” and comprises chemical compounds with a dye character which are able to form a covalent bond with fibers containing OH groups. These are predominantly those dyes which contain at least one group which is reactive with polyhydroxyl fibers, a precursor therefor or a substituent which is reactive with the polyhydroxyl fiber.
• Particularly suitable as the base of the chromophoric system of these organic dyes are those from the series of the azo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine compounds, it being possible for the azo and phthalocyanine dyes to be both metal-free and metal-containing.
• reactive groups and precursors which form such reactive groups are epoxy groups, the ethylene imide group, the vinyl grouping in the vinyl sulfone or acrylic acid residue, also called the ⁇ -sulfatoethylsulfone group, the ⁇ -chloroethylsulfone group or the ⁇ -dialkylamino-ethylsulfone group.
• Derivatives of the tetrafluorocyclobutyl series for example tetrafluorocyclobutyl acrylic acid, are also suitable for this process.
• the reactive substituents in reactive dyes are those that are easily removable and leave an electrophilic residue.
• halogen atoms on the following ring systems are of interest as substituents: quinoxaline, triazine, pyrimidine, phthalazine, pyridazine and pyridazone.
• Dyes with several identical or different types of reactive groups can also be used, as can combinations of dyes of the same or different types.
• Such reactive dyes of the type defined above often have more than one sulfonic acid group (apart from that in the reactive group of the dye) in the molecule, which can be distributed as desired over the chromophore, but are preferably bound to its aromatic radicals.
• Dyes of the vinyl sulfone type are preferably used for carrying out the claimed process, with which the fiber reacts via an addition mechanism via the vinyl sulfone form of the dye and which have either the vinyl sulfone residue itself or the ⁇ -sulfatoethyl sulfone group as reactive anchors.
• coloring substances are those dyes which, in addition to a reactive residue of the vinylsulfone type or precursor thereof, additionally have at least one group which reacts with the cellulose according to the substitution mechanism, e.g. a monochlorotriazinyl or monofluorotriazinyl group.
• cellulose fibers to be dyed according to the invention are cotton, mercerized or leached cotton, conventional regenerated cellulose fibers, (R) modal fibers and other vegetable fibers, such as flax.
• the process according to the invention is suitable for mixtures of the abovementioned fibers with one another and with other fibers, such as, for example, polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile fibers or silk.
• the dyeing itself can be in the various processing stages or presentation forms of the textile material, such as as a flake, as a sliver, as a yarn, as a woven fabric, as a knitted fabric or as a fleece. All machines or apparatuses customary for such dyeings in the exhaust process can be used to carry out the new process.
• a jet dyeing machine is charged with 25 kg of cotton woven fabric and with 250 l of water at 40 ° C. to carry out a dyeing process at a liquor ratio of 1:10.
• the fleet thus prepared is now 0.5 kg of a reactive dye of the formula dissolved in a little hot water, and 12.5 kg of Glauber's salt added, and the product strand is then allowed to run for 5 minutes until these additives are evenly distributed while simultaneously circulating the treatment liquid. Then, with further liquor circulation with the addition of a total of 527 cm 3 conc.
• Sodium hydroxide solution 38 ° Bé
• the textile material is dyed to the end for a further 20 min at the set temperature and this dyeing is then completed as usual by rinsing, acidifying, soaping and rinsing again. You get a gray color with very good levelness.
• the textile material is then dyed for a further 15 minutes while the liquor cycle continues under the same temperature conditions and then finished as usual.
• a pink yarn dyeing is obtained which, after knitting, leads to completely level piece goods.
• a dyeing machine is loaded with 2 kg of cotton sliver opened in the packing system and charged with a pull-out bath made of 20 liters of water at 40 ° C. Now, with the circulation pump running, this liquor is mixed with 1 kg of table salt and with a mixture of 20 g of the dye Reactive Blue 19 with the CI no. 61200 and 20 g of the reactive black 5 dye with the CI no. 20505, an aqueous solution containing 100 cm 3/1 followed by conc in these staining formulation upon further circulation and a constant temperature. Sodium hydroxide solution (38 ° Be) and 300 cm 3/1 calc. Soda contains, timed in the following manner:
• the dyeing process is then completed within a further 30 minutes and at 40 ° C. and the goods so dyed are finished as usual. A deep blue, completely level coloring is obtained.
• a jet dyeing machine is fed with 300 kg of cotton jersey and a fleet of 2700 l of water for dyeing after the pull-out process. After heating to 30 ° C., this bath is initially 110 kg of a reactive dye of the formula which were previously dissolved in 100 l of hot water, added and distributed in the dyeing medium with rotation of the strand-guided textile material. After a further 10-minute run of the circulation liquor at the same temperature, 24375 cm 3 of a solution of the fixing alkali prepared by dissolving 15 kg of soda in water are then metered into the treatment bath in accordance with the following scheme:
• the treated tricot fabric After 30 minutes of running the textile strand under the set conditions, the treated tricot fabric is finished as usual.
• the product image of the orange color obtained in this way is flawless and does not matter.
• a reel runner with liquor circulation is loaded with 100 kg of cotton lining material and filled with 2000 liters of water.
• the liquor presented is now 3 kg of a reactive dye of the formula at room temperature and after 10 minutes of intermittent circulation, 140 kg of table salt were also added over the course of 30 minutes and in the form of 3 portions.
• the bath temperature is then raised to 80 ° C. within 30 minutes by heating. During this period, 52896 cm 3 of an aqueous solution made from 10,000 g of soda and 10,000 cm 3 of conc.
• Sodium hydroxide solution 38 ° Be
• the textile material is dyed for a further 30 minutes at the same temperature and then finished as usual.
• the dyeing is completed as usual and then over-colored with commercially available disperse dyes.
• the nuance of the goods on the cotton component achieved in this way is immaterial.
• the coloring is complete after the dosing of the fixing alkali has been completed and is subjected to the aftertreatment as usual.
• the resulting blue-colored goods are perfectly level.
• a jet dyeing machine is loaded with 50 kg of cotton jersey. Then 430 1 of water are poured into the dyeing tank and 40 g of table salt are added; the temperature of the bath is 40 ° C. Then a mixture of 900 g of a reactive dye of the formula
• the dosing is done by means of an electropneumatically controlled air pressure pump.
• the connected processor controls the dosing process according to the selected curve.
• the pressure side of the metering pump is connected to the suction side of the liquor circulation pump.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• 1985
  • 1985-04-29 DE DE19853515407 patent/DE3515407A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1986
  • 1986-04-21 EP EP86105469A patent/EP0200131B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-04-21 AT AT86105469T patent/ATE76453T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-04-21 DE DE8686105469T patent/DE3685365D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-04-28 JP JP61097062A patent/JPS61252379A/ja active Pending
• 1990
  • 1990-11-26 US US07/617,944 patent/US5167668A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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