EP0198819B1 - Appareil pour controler l'authenticite de billets de banque - Google Patents

Appareil pour controler l'authenticite de billets de banque Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0198819B1
EP0198819B1 EP84900408A EP84900408A EP0198819B1 EP 0198819 B1 EP0198819 B1 EP 0198819B1 EP 84900408 A EP84900408 A EP 84900408A EP 84900408 A EP84900408 A EP 84900408A EP 0198819 B1 EP0198819 B1 EP 0198819B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bank note
light
analyser
spectral
bank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84900408A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0198819A1 (fr
Inventor
Arne Bergström
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT84900408T priority Critical patent/ATE36766T1/de
Publication of EP0198819A1 publication Critical patent/EP0198819A1/fr
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Publication of EP0198819B1 publication Critical patent/EP0198819B1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
    • G07D7/205—Matching spectral properties

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for verification of the authenticity of bank notes.
  • sensors are employed to measure the thickness distribution at specified portions of the bank note, corresponding to various details on the bank note where characteristic variations in thickness are produced by the printing process, watermarks or the like.
  • the authenticity criteria are then based on comparisons with specified standard values.
  • the thickness is measured by mechanical or optical sensors.
  • Mechanical sensors for thickness measurements are known from e.g. British Patent Specifications 960,391, 963,586, German Patent Specifications 1,474,903, 2,423,094, Austrian Patent Specification 329,903, Swedish Patent Specifications 337,952, 357,636, 349,679 and 7607927-6.
  • Optical methods for authenticity verification using thickness variations are known from e.g. German Patent Specifications 2005016, 2365845.
  • Combined mechanical and optical sensors are described in e.g. Swedish Patent Specification 361,372.
  • the second class of authentication methods is exemplified by U.S. Patent Specification 2,646,717, Swedish Patent Specification 196,238, where the pattern on a selected portion of the bank note is compared with a standard pattern by observing the modulation occurring when these patterns are superimposed and moved relative to one another.
  • the bank note is illuminated, and the reflection and/or transmission properties of selected portions of the bank note are examined using corresponding sets of detectors, one for each portion, respectively with different spectral response characteristics (e.g. U.S. Patent Specification 3,491,243).
  • selected portions of the bank note are illuminated by a plurality of light sources, one for each portion, respectively with different spectral distributions, and the transmission and/or reflection properties are evaluated and compared with standard values as a basis for the authenticity test (e.g. U.S. Patent Specifications 3,450,785 and 3,679,314).
  • the thickness criterion had the advantage that it can be no more difficult to circumvent by fraudulent means than the criteria based on patterns or colours.
  • folds or other imperfections naturally introduced by the normal use of bank notes tend to give high rejection rates for genuine, but used, bank notes--particularly if optical measurements of thickness are relied upon.
  • the known mechanical sensors tend to be rather expensive and to require considerable maintenance to ensure correct functioning.
  • US-A-4319137 describes an apparatus, as specified in the preamble of claim 1, for authenticating a bank note which derives integrated electric signals from different colour components of light received from the surface of the bank note. However, predetermined region of the bank note are examined as if is advanced with a predetermined spatial orientation along a path through the apparatus.
  • EP-A2-0072 237 describes an apparatus for authenticating a bank note and provision is made for accommodating different spatial orientations of the bank note. However, the spatial orientation is an important factor and is taken into account in deriving identification signals.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus with which bank notes can be authenticated easily and conveniently yet with satisfactory precision and without an unduly high rejection rate for genuine notes.
  • an apparatus for authenticating bank- notes by examining their reflection or transmission properties for light at different wavelengths comprising an examination area for receiving a bank note, means for transmitting light of different wavelengths towards a bank note in the examination area, an analyser operable to analyse the spectral composition of light reflected from or transmitted through said bank note and to generate thereby corresponding electrical signals representative of the reflective or transmissive properties of the bank note at different wavelengths integrated over the surface of the bank note on at least one side thereof, comparator means arranged to compare the value of the said electrical signals with corresponding stored reference information relating to at least one genuine bank note and to produce an output signal indicative of whether the examined bank note is genuine or not, characterised in that the analyser is arranged to generate the electrical signals representative of the transmitted or reflected light integrated over the entire surface of the bank note on at least one side thereof with even geometrical preference for all parts of the surface, while analysing said integrated light as a function of different wavelengths in high spectral resolution, whereby the apparatus is operable to provide a
  • any loss of information due to said integration is an asset rather than a disadvantage in that it can eliminate the effect of the usual extremely detail-rich spatial structure which is difficult to process adequately. Instead the analyser output can have a more easily processible information content.
  • the bank note need not be positioned in the apparatus in an exactly predetermined manner: it may even be possible to insert the note upside down or in any orientation without impeding the accuracy of the authenticity test. Moreover, it may also be possible to test different types of bank notes (different denominations, currencies) with the same optimal accuracy.
  • the analyser is a spectral analyser operable to analyse the spectral distribution of radiation reflected by or transmitted through the bank note from a multi-wavelength radiation source.
  • the analyser may utilise a sensing arrangement responsive to selected wavelengths either in the form of a continuous interference filter or a set of discrete monochromatic filters in conjunction with a sensor or sensors operable to produce electrical signals at such wavelengths.
  • the apparatus is for use in the authentication of a conventional bank note printed with a detailed colour pattern usually in one or more colours and/ or shades.
  • the apparatus can be incorporated in an automatic merchandise vending machine or used in any suitable -context as appropriate.
  • the apparatus comprises a chamber 10 to which a bank note 1 to be authenticated is fed using appropriate feed equipment.
  • the bank note 1 is introduced into an evaluation area 2 of the chamber 10, where it is placed against a black background 3, and illuminated by light sources 4 (such as filament lamps) with even spectral distributions.
  • the light reflected from the entire upper surface of the bank note is received by an optical sensor 5.
  • the optical sensor 5 has a sufficiently wide optical lobe and is placed at a sufficient distance from the bank note 1 to integrate the contributions from the entire surface of the bank note essentially without giving geometrical preference to any portion of the bank note.
  • the optical sensor 5 converts the received light into spectral information of high resolution, and this information is fed in the form of electrical signals to a microprocessor-based control system 6.
  • optical sensor 5 Several alternative embodiments of the optical sensor 5 are conceivable.
  • a prism or diffraction grating can be used.
  • interference filters are more advantageous, either in the form of a continuous interference filter in which the band pass wavelength varies along the filter, or in the form of a set of discrete monochromatic filters.
  • the electrical signals representative of spectral information are obtained either by moving the filter/set of filters in front of a single detector, or by having a number of detectors behind the filter/ set of filters.
  • the detectors can be silicon, germanium or lead sulphide detectors.
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • a light source with even spectral distribution and monochromatic detectors as described above, it is possible to employ a converse arrangement of monochromatic light sources and a detector or detectors with even spectral sensitivity.
  • the light sources may be activated alternately one after the other in rapid succession.
  • the bank note is preferably illuminated by a set of LEDs in such a way that only LEDs of one spectral type are lit up at a time.
  • the authentication apparatus can be made to work selectively in either of two modes: programming mode and evaluation mode.
  • programming mode the microprocessor regards any new bank note inserted into the evaluation area of the apparatus as a reference and stores the corresponding spectral information in memory. In this way a set of reference spectra for different bank notes can be derived and permanently stored.
  • evaluation mode the spectrum of any new bank note inserted into the evaluation area of the apparatus is compared against the set of reference spectra in the memory. This comparison is made by a comparison algorithm, in which spectral values for the test note at different wavelengths is compared to corresponding values for each of the reference spectra. In order to allow for possible soiling etc.
  • the algorithm may contain a free normalization parameter. Since soiling and other deficiencies arising during use of bank notes, normally introduce only a change in the overall reflectivity etc., the mean deviation obtained for genuine notes in this way is generally low, and this authentication technique provides sharp discrimination between genuine and false bank notes.
  • Appropriate feed devices may be provided for transferring an authenticated bank note from the chamber 10 to a storage location whilst at the same time actuating a vending machine merchandise delivery mechanism, and for transferring a non-authenticated note to a return outlet or the like.
  • the invention is not intended to be restricted to the details of the above embodiment which are described by way of example only.
  • it is possible to study the transmission spectrum of the entire bank note instead of, or as a complement to, the reflection spectrum discussed above.
  • Aslo in order to obtain a superior discrimination, it is possible to use a wide spectral range for evaluation purposes, stretching from ultra-violet to infra-red (190 to about 3000 nm), which range can provide information of both colour pigment, and paper composition and structure.
  • the light guides also provide a simple way to obtain more information from the bank note in the form of certain additional integrals over the entire bank note such as fourier transforms or moments, in conjunction with the spectral information described above.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Biology (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Dispositif d'authentification de billets de banque par l'examen de leurs propriétés de réflexion ou de transmission de la lumière à différentes longueurs d'onde, comprenant une zone d'examen (2) destinée à recevoir un billet de banque (1), des moyens (4) pour transmettre une lumière de différentes longueurs d'onde vers un billet de banque (1) dans la zone d'examen (2), un analyseur (5) destiné à analyser la composition spectrale de la lumière réfléchie de/ou transmise au travers dudit billet de banque et à générer ainsi des signaux électriques correspondants représentatifs des propriétés réflectrices ou transmettrices du billet de banque à différentes longueurs d'onde intégrées sur la surface du billet de banque sur au moins une face de celui-ci, des moyens de comparateur (6) pour comparer la valeur des. dits signaux électriques avec l'information de référence correspondante mise en mémoire et concernant au moins un billet de banque authentique et pour produire un signal de sortie indicatif de l'authenticité ou non du billet de banque examiné caractérisé en ce que l'analyseur (5) est prévu pour générer les signaux électriques représentatifs de la lumière transmise ou reflétée intégrée sur la totalité de la surface du billet de banque (1) sur au moins un côté de celui-ci avec une préférence géométrique identique pour toutes les parties de la surface, analysant ladite lumière intégrée en fonction des longueurs d'onde différentes en haute résolution spectrale, au moyen de quoi le dispositif peut offrir une authentification fiable du billet de banque quels que soient son orientation et son positionnement dans la zone d'examen.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit analyseur (5) est un analyseur spectral qui analyse la distribution spectrale de la lumière réfléchie par ou transmise au travers du billet de banque (1) d'une source lumineuse (4) à longueurs d'ondes multiples.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit analyseur (5) est un détecteur de lumière à large spectre qui reçoit la lumière réfléchie par ou transmise au travers du billet de banque (1) d'une pluralité de sources lumineuses (4) monochromatiques qui sont activées alternativement l'une après l'autre en succession rapide.
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit analyseur (5) comprend un filtre d'interférence dans lequel la longueur d'onde de la bande passante monochromatique varie en continu le long du filtre.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit analyseur (5) comprend une pluralité de capteurs monochromatiques dont chacun comprend un filtre d'interférence avec une largeur de bande fixe et étroite, et avec une longueur d'onde de la bande passante qui est différente pour chaque capteur.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit analyseur (5) comprend une pluralité de capteurs dont chacun comprend une diode électroluminescente qui est utilisée comme un détecteur à largeur de bande fixe et étroite et avec une longueur d'onde de la bande passante qui est différente pour chaque détecteur.
7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une illumination et une réception lumineuse uniformes sont obtenues en plaçant la source lumineuse (4) et l'analyseur (5) à une distance suffisante de la zone d'examen (2).
8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une illumination et une réception lumineuse uniformes du billet de banque (1) sont obtenues sous une forme compacte par propagation de la lumière au travers de guide-lumière.
9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de comparateur (6) comprennent un système basé sur un micro-processeur qui utilise un algorithme de comparaison qui identifie ledit billet de banque (1) comme billet de banque authentique d'un certain type si la norme absolue de la forme spectrale du billet de banque examiné par rapport à une forme spectrale de référence pour ledit type de billet de banque n'excède pas une valeur théorique, et qui dans le cas contraire rejette le billet de banque comme faux.
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit algorithme de comparaison comporte un paramètre de normalisation libre qui fait que la comparaison est insensible, par exemple, aux salissures du billet de banque.
EP84900408A 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 Appareil pour controler l'authenticite de billets de banque Expired EP0198819B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84900408T ATE36766T1 (de) 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 Vorrichtung zur echtheitspruefung von banknoten.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE1983/000477 WO1985002928A1 (fr) 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 Appareil pour controler l'authenticite de billets de banque

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0198819A1 EP0198819A1 (fr) 1986-10-29
EP0198819B1 true EP0198819B1 (fr) 1988-08-24

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Family Applications (1)

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EP84900408A Expired EP0198819B1 (fr) 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 Appareil pour controler l'authenticite de billets de banque

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EP (1) EP0198819B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE36766T1 (fr)
FI (1) FI85312C (fr)
WO (1) WO1985002928A1 (fr)

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CH689523A5 (de) * 1989-05-01 1999-05-31 Mars Inc Pruefeinrichtung fuer ein blattfoermiges Gut.
IT1250847B (it) * 1991-10-15 1995-04-21 Urmet Spa Apparecchio per la validazione di banconote
ES2106672B1 (es) * 1994-12-23 1998-06-01 Azkoyen Ind Sa Metodo y aparato para la caracterizacion y discriminacion de billetes y documentos de curso legal.
GB9510678D0 (en) * 1995-05-25 1995-07-19 At & T Global Inf Solution Method and apparatus for authenticating documents
GB2309299B (en) 1996-01-16 2000-06-07 Mars Inc Sensing device
FR2770011B1 (fr) * 1997-10-20 2004-10-01 Azzedine Bahou Detection de fausse monnaie avec unite centrale pour l'analyse spectometrique
DE19808652A1 (de) * 1998-03-02 1999-09-16 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Verifikationssystem für ein Wert- und Sicherheitserzeugnis
US6473165B1 (en) 2000-01-21 2002-10-29 Flex Products, Inc. Automated verification systems and methods for use with optical interference devices
GB0001561D0 (en) 2000-01-24 2000-03-15 Rue De Int Ltd Document momitoring system and method
GB0003720D0 (en) * 2000-02-17 2000-04-05 Rue De Int Ltd Document counter
US6970236B1 (en) 2002-08-19 2005-11-29 Jds Uniphase Corporation Methods and systems for verification of interference devices
EP1730706A1 (fr) * 2004-03-08 2006-12-13 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Detecteur ameliore de fausse monnaie mettant en oeuvre une reponse integree de transmission et spectrale reflechissante
EP1730705A1 (fr) * 2004-03-09 2006-12-13 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Detecteur ameliore de faux billets comprenant une reponse spectrale reflective et visuelle
DE102009058804A1 (de) 2009-12-18 2011-06-22 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH, 81677 Sensor zur Prüfung von Wertdokumenten
CN103021069B (zh) * 2012-11-21 2015-02-18 深圳市兆图电子有限公司 高速票据图像采集处理系统及其采集处理方法
CN109727362B (zh) * 2018-11-15 2022-03-08 恒银金融科技股份有限公司 基于离散傅里叶变换的钞票磁信号识别方法

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US3410384A (en) * 1965-08-03 1968-11-12 Jerry E. Travioli Paper currency acceptor
US3491243A (en) * 1966-08-26 1970-01-20 Taisuke Tsugami Authentication apparatus to measure color characteristics of paper documents
BE795553A (fr) * 1972-02-17 1973-06-18 Landis & Gyr Ag Appareil permettant de comparer des reemissions spectrales respectives de surfaces colorees
SE413208B (sv) * 1977-07-05 1980-04-28 Asea Ab Met- och/eller kontrollanordning for dokument
US4204765A (en) * 1977-12-07 1980-05-27 Ardac, Inc. Apparatus for testing colored securities
US4319137A (en) * 1978-05-23 1982-03-09 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for identifying sheet-like printed matters
DE2935668A1 (de) * 1978-11-13 1980-05-22 Perkin Elmer Corp Verfahren und vorrichtung zum identifizieren des wertes einer banknote
CH626460A5 (fr) * 1978-12-01 1981-11-13 Radioelectrique Comp Ind
JPS5829085A (ja) * 1981-07-24 1983-02-21 富士通株式会社 紙幣鑑別方式
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GB2122743B (en) * 1982-06-29 1986-01-08 Bergstroem Arne Apparatus for authenticating bank notes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1985002928A1 (fr) 1985-07-04
EP0198819A1 (fr) 1986-10-29
FI862714A0 (fi) 1986-06-25
FI862714A (fi) 1986-06-25
FI85312C (fi) 1992-03-25
FI85312B (fi) 1991-12-13
ATE36766T1 (de) 1988-09-15

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