EP0198819B1 - Vorrichtung zur echtheitsprüfung von banknoten - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur echtheitsprüfung von banknoten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0198819B1
EP0198819B1 EP84900408A EP84900408A EP0198819B1 EP 0198819 B1 EP0198819 B1 EP 0198819B1 EP 84900408 A EP84900408 A EP 84900408A EP 84900408 A EP84900408 A EP 84900408A EP 0198819 B1 EP0198819 B1 EP 0198819B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bank note
light
analyser
spectral
bank
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84900408A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0198819A1 (de
Inventor
Arne Bergström
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT84900408T priority Critical patent/ATE36766T1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
    • G07D7/205—Matching spectral properties

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for verification of the authenticity of bank notes.
  • sensors are employed to measure the thickness distribution at specified portions of the bank note, corresponding to various details on the bank note where characteristic variations in thickness are produced by the printing process, watermarks or the like.
  • the authenticity criteria are then based on comparisons with specified standard values.
  • the thickness is measured by mechanical or optical sensors.
  • Mechanical sensors for thickness measurements are known from e.g. British Patent Specifications 960,391, 963,586, German Patent Specifications 1,474,903, 2,423,094, Austrian Patent Specification 329,903, Swedish Patent Specifications 337,952, 357,636, 349,679 and 7607927-6.
  • Optical methods for authenticity verification using thickness variations are known from e.g. German Patent Specifications 2005016, 2365845.
  • Combined mechanical and optical sensors are described in e.g. Swedish Patent Specification 361,372.
  • the second class of authentication methods is exemplified by U.S. Patent Specification 2,646,717, Swedish Patent Specification 196,238, where the pattern on a selected portion of the bank note is compared with a standard pattern by observing the modulation occurring when these patterns are superimposed and moved relative to one another.
  • the bank note is illuminated, and the reflection and/or transmission properties of selected portions of the bank note are examined using corresponding sets of detectors, one for each portion, respectively with different spectral response characteristics (e.g. U.S. Patent Specification 3,491,243).
  • selected portions of the bank note are illuminated by a plurality of light sources, one for each portion, respectively with different spectral distributions, and the transmission and/or reflection properties are evaluated and compared with standard values as a basis for the authenticity test (e.g. U.S. Patent Specifications 3,450,785 and 3,679,314).
  • the thickness criterion had the advantage that it can be no more difficult to circumvent by fraudulent means than the criteria based on patterns or colours.
  • folds or other imperfections naturally introduced by the normal use of bank notes tend to give high rejection rates for genuine, but used, bank notes--particularly if optical measurements of thickness are relied upon.
  • the known mechanical sensors tend to be rather expensive and to require considerable maintenance to ensure correct functioning.
  • US-A-4319137 describes an apparatus, as specified in the preamble of claim 1, for authenticating a bank note which derives integrated electric signals from different colour components of light received from the surface of the bank note. However, predetermined region of the bank note are examined as if is advanced with a predetermined spatial orientation along a path through the apparatus.
  • EP-A2-0072 237 describes an apparatus for authenticating a bank note and provision is made for accommodating different spatial orientations of the bank note. However, the spatial orientation is an important factor and is taken into account in deriving identification signals.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus with which bank notes can be authenticated easily and conveniently yet with satisfactory precision and without an unduly high rejection rate for genuine notes.
  • an apparatus for authenticating bank- notes by examining their reflection or transmission properties for light at different wavelengths comprising an examination area for receiving a bank note, means for transmitting light of different wavelengths towards a bank note in the examination area, an analyser operable to analyse the spectral composition of light reflected from or transmitted through said bank note and to generate thereby corresponding electrical signals representative of the reflective or transmissive properties of the bank note at different wavelengths integrated over the surface of the bank note on at least one side thereof, comparator means arranged to compare the value of the said electrical signals with corresponding stored reference information relating to at least one genuine bank note and to produce an output signal indicative of whether the examined bank note is genuine or not, characterised in that the analyser is arranged to generate the electrical signals representative of the transmitted or reflected light integrated over the entire surface of the bank note on at least one side thereof with even geometrical preference for all parts of the surface, while analysing said integrated light as a function of different wavelengths in high spectral resolution, whereby the apparatus is operable to provide a
  • any loss of information due to said integration is an asset rather than a disadvantage in that it can eliminate the effect of the usual extremely detail-rich spatial structure which is difficult to process adequately. Instead the analyser output can have a more easily processible information content.
  • the bank note need not be positioned in the apparatus in an exactly predetermined manner: it may even be possible to insert the note upside down or in any orientation without impeding the accuracy of the authenticity test. Moreover, it may also be possible to test different types of bank notes (different denominations, currencies) with the same optimal accuracy.
  • the analyser is a spectral analyser operable to analyse the spectral distribution of radiation reflected by or transmitted through the bank note from a multi-wavelength radiation source.
  • the analyser may utilise a sensing arrangement responsive to selected wavelengths either in the form of a continuous interference filter or a set of discrete monochromatic filters in conjunction with a sensor or sensors operable to produce electrical signals at such wavelengths.
  • the apparatus is for use in the authentication of a conventional bank note printed with a detailed colour pattern usually in one or more colours and/ or shades.
  • the apparatus can be incorporated in an automatic merchandise vending machine or used in any suitable -context as appropriate.
  • the apparatus comprises a chamber 10 to which a bank note 1 to be authenticated is fed using appropriate feed equipment.
  • the bank note 1 is introduced into an evaluation area 2 of the chamber 10, where it is placed against a black background 3, and illuminated by light sources 4 (such as filament lamps) with even spectral distributions.
  • the light reflected from the entire upper surface of the bank note is received by an optical sensor 5.
  • the optical sensor 5 has a sufficiently wide optical lobe and is placed at a sufficient distance from the bank note 1 to integrate the contributions from the entire surface of the bank note essentially without giving geometrical preference to any portion of the bank note.
  • the optical sensor 5 converts the received light into spectral information of high resolution, and this information is fed in the form of electrical signals to a microprocessor-based control system 6.
  • optical sensor 5 Several alternative embodiments of the optical sensor 5 are conceivable.
  • a prism or diffraction grating can be used.
  • interference filters are more advantageous, either in the form of a continuous interference filter in which the band pass wavelength varies along the filter, or in the form of a set of discrete monochromatic filters.
  • the electrical signals representative of spectral information are obtained either by moving the filter/set of filters in front of a single detector, or by having a number of detectors behind the filter/ set of filters.
  • the detectors can be silicon, germanium or lead sulphide detectors.
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • a light source with even spectral distribution and monochromatic detectors as described above, it is possible to employ a converse arrangement of monochromatic light sources and a detector or detectors with even spectral sensitivity.
  • the light sources may be activated alternately one after the other in rapid succession.
  • the bank note is preferably illuminated by a set of LEDs in such a way that only LEDs of one spectral type are lit up at a time.
  • the authentication apparatus can be made to work selectively in either of two modes: programming mode and evaluation mode.
  • programming mode the microprocessor regards any new bank note inserted into the evaluation area of the apparatus as a reference and stores the corresponding spectral information in memory. In this way a set of reference spectra for different bank notes can be derived and permanently stored.
  • evaluation mode the spectrum of any new bank note inserted into the evaluation area of the apparatus is compared against the set of reference spectra in the memory. This comparison is made by a comparison algorithm, in which spectral values for the test note at different wavelengths is compared to corresponding values for each of the reference spectra. In order to allow for possible soiling etc.
  • the algorithm may contain a free normalization parameter. Since soiling and other deficiencies arising during use of bank notes, normally introduce only a change in the overall reflectivity etc., the mean deviation obtained for genuine notes in this way is generally low, and this authentication technique provides sharp discrimination between genuine and false bank notes.
  • Appropriate feed devices may be provided for transferring an authenticated bank note from the chamber 10 to a storage location whilst at the same time actuating a vending machine merchandise delivery mechanism, and for transferring a non-authenticated note to a return outlet or the like.
  • the invention is not intended to be restricted to the details of the above embodiment which are described by way of example only.
  • it is possible to study the transmission spectrum of the entire bank note instead of, or as a complement to, the reflection spectrum discussed above.
  • Aslo in order to obtain a superior discrimination, it is possible to use a wide spectral range for evaluation purposes, stretching from ultra-violet to infra-red (190 to about 3000 nm), which range can provide information of both colour pigment, and paper composition and structure.
  • the light guides also provide a simple way to obtain more information from the bank note in the form of certain additional integrals over the entire bank note such as fourier transforms or moments, in conjunction with the spectral information described above.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Vorrichtung zur Echtheitsprüfung von Banknoten durch Untersuchung der Lichtreflexion oder
-durchlässigkeit bei verschiedenen Wellenlängen, bestehend aus einer Prüffläche (2), an der eine Banknote (1) anliegt, einer Vorrichtung (4) zur Aussendung von Licht verschiedener Wellenlängen in Richtung einer Banknote (1) auf de Prüffläche (2), einem Analysator (5), der die spektrale Zusammensetzung des von der Banknote reflektierten oder durch die Banknote durchgelassenen Lichts analysiert und elektrische Signale erzeugt, die dem von der Banknote reflektierten oder durch sie durchgelassenen Licht bei verschiedenen Wellenlängen, integriert über die Oberfläche der Banknote auf mindestens einer Seite der Banknote, entsprechen, einer Vergleichsvorrichtung (6), die diese elektrischen Signale mit entsprechenden gespeicherten Vergleichsdaten von mindestens
-einer echten Banknote vergleicht und ein Ausgangssignal erzeugt, aus dem man erkennt, ob die überprüfte Banknote echt ist oder nicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Analysator (5) die elektrischen Signale erzeugt, die dem durchgelassenen oder reflektierten Licht entsprechen, das über die gesamte Oberfläche der Banknote (1) auf mindestens einer Seite der Banknote bei gleicher geometrischer Behandlung aller Teile der Oberfläche integriert wird, während er das integrierte Licht als eine Funktion der verschiedenen Wellenlängen mit hoher spektraler Auflösung analysiert, wodurch der Apparat eine verläßliche Echtheitsprüfung unabhängig von der Orientierung und Lage der Banknote auf der Prüffläche durchführt.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Analysator (5) ein Spektralanalysator ist, der die spektrale Verteilung des Lichts analysiert, das von einer über einen größeren Wellenlängenbereich emittierenden Lichtquelle (4) ausgesendet und von der Banknote (1) reflektiert oder durch sie durchgelassen wird.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Analysator (5) ein Breitbandlichtdetektor ist, der das Licht auffängt, das von mehreren annähernd monochromatischen, in schneller Aufeinanderfolge hintereinander geschalteten Lichtquellen (4) ausgesendet und von der Banknote (1) reflektiert oder durch sie durchgelassen wird.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Analysator (5) ein Interferenzfilter enthält, bei dem die annähernd monochromatische Bandpaßwellenlänge gleichmäßig über das Filter veränderlich ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der analysator (5) mehrere annähernd monochromatische Sensoren aufweist, von denen jeder ein Interferenzfilter mit fester, schmaler Bandbreite und einer für jeden Sensor verschiedenen Bandpaßwellenlänge enthält.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Analysator (5) mehrere Sensoren aufweist, von denen jeder eine Licht emittierende Diode aufweist, die als Detektor mit fester, schmaler Bandbreite und einer für jeden Detektor verschiedenen Bandpaßwellenlänge dient.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch die Positionierung der Lichtquelle (4) und des Analysators (5) in ausreichender Entfernung von der Prüffläche (2) eine gleichmäßige Bestrahlung und ein gleichmäßiges Auffangen des Lichts erzeilt wird.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß gleichmäßige Bestrahlung und gleichmäßiges Auffangen des Lichts von der Banknote (1) in gebündelter Form dadurch gewährleistet ist, daß das Licht durch eine Leitvorrichtung übertragen wird.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1. bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vergleichsvorrichtung (6) aus einem Mikroprozessorensystem besteht, das auf einem Vergleichsalgorithmus beruht, der die Banknote (1) als echte Banknote einer bestimmten Art identifiziert, wenn die absolute Norm der Spektralverteilung der untersuchten Banknote in bezug auf eine Vergleichsspektralverteilung für diese Banknotenart einen festgelegten Wert nicht übersteigt, und im gegenteiligen Fall die Banknote als falsch zurück- ' weist.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vergleichsalgorithmus einen freien Normierungsparameter besitzt, aufgrund dessen die Vergleichsvorrichtung z.B. gegenüber Verschmutzung der Banknote unempfindlich ist.
EP84900408A 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 Vorrichtung zur echtheitsprüfung von banknoten Expired EP0198819B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84900408T ATE36766T1 (de) 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 Vorrichtung zur echtheitspruefung von banknoten.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE1983/000477 WO1985002928A1 (en) 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 Apparatus for authenticating bank notes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0198819A1 EP0198819A1 (de) 1986-10-29
EP0198819B1 true EP0198819B1 (de) 1988-08-24

Family

ID=20349818

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84900408A Expired EP0198819B1 (de) 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 Vorrichtung zur echtheitsprüfung von banknoten

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EP (1) EP0198819B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE36766T1 (de)
FI (1) FI85312C (de)
WO (1) WO1985002928A1 (de)

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CH689523A5 (de) * 1989-05-01 1999-05-31 Mars Inc Pruefeinrichtung fuer ein blattfoermiges Gut.
IT1250847B (it) * 1991-10-15 1995-04-21 Urmet Spa Apparecchio per la validazione di banconote
ES2106672B1 (es) * 1994-12-23 1998-06-01 Azkoyen Ind Sa Metodo y aparato para la caracterizacion y discriminacion de billetes y documentos de curso legal.
GB9510678D0 (en) * 1995-05-25 1995-07-19 At & T Global Inf Solution Method and apparatus for authenticating documents
GB2309299B (en) 1996-01-16 2000-06-07 Mars Inc Sensing device
FR2770011B1 (fr) * 1997-10-20 2004-10-01 Azzedine Bahou Detection de fausse monnaie avec unite centrale pour l'analyse spectometrique
DE19808652A1 (de) * 1998-03-02 1999-09-16 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Verifikationssystem für ein Wert- und Sicherheitserzeugnis
US6473165B1 (en) 2000-01-21 2002-10-29 Flex Products, Inc. Automated verification systems and methods for use with optical interference devices
GB0001561D0 (en) 2000-01-24 2000-03-15 Rue De Int Ltd Document momitoring system and method
GB0003720D0 (en) * 2000-02-17 2000-04-05 Rue De Int Ltd Document counter
US6970236B1 (en) 2002-08-19 2005-11-29 Jds Uniphase Corporation Methods and systems for verification of interference devices
CA2559100C (en) * 2004-03-08 2013-04-23 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Improved fake currency detector using integrated transmission and reflective spectral response
CA2559102C (en) * 2004-03-09 2013-01-15 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Improved fake currency detector using visual and reflective spectral response
DE102009058804A1 (de) 2009-12-18 2011-06-22 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH, 81677 Sensor zur Prüfung von Wertdokumenten
CN103021069B (zh) * 2012-11-21 2015-02-18 深圳市兆图电子有限公司 高速票据图像采集处理系统及其采集处理方法
CN109727362B (zh) * 2018-11-15 2022-03-08 恒银金融科技股份有限公司 基于离散傅里叶变换的钞票磁信号识别方法

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GB2122743B (en) * 1982-06-29 1986-01-08 Bergstroem Arne Apparatus for authenticating bank notes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI85312C (fi) 1992-03-25
FI85312B (fi) 1991-12-13
ATE36766T1 (de) 1988-09-15
WO1985002928A1 (en) 1985-07-04
EP0198819A1 (de) 1986-10-29
FI862714A0 (fi) 1986-06-25
FI862714A (fi) 1986-06-25

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