EP0191069A1 - Procede pour l'inhibition de l'usure de surfaces d'organes traitant des melanges dans de l'eau ou dans de l'air humide - Google Patents

Procede pour l'inhibition de l'usure de surfaces d'organes traitant des melanges dans de l'eau ou dans de l'air humide

Info

Publication number
EP0191069A1
EP0191069A1 EP19850904083 EP85904083A EP0191069A1 EP 0191069 A1 EP0191069 A1 EP 0191069A1 EP 19850904083 EP19850904083 EP 19850904083 EP 85904083 A EP85904083 A EP 85904083A EP 0191069 A1 EP0191069 A1 EP 0191069A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wear
heat exchanger
cone
ice
subject
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19850904083
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hassan G. Djawadi
Klaus Janssen
Reiner Labusch
Friedrich Balck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Preussag AG
Preussag AG Metall
Original Assignee
Preussag AG
Preussag AG Metall
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Preussag AG, Preussag AG Metall filed Critical Preussag AG
Publication of EP0191069A1 publication Critical patent/EP0191069A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
    • B65G53/34—Details
    • B65G53/52—Adaptations of pipes or tubes
    • B65G53/523—Wear protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L57/00—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear
    • F16L57/06—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear against wear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preventing wear on surfaces of machines and devices for processing batches in water or moisture-containing oil and a device for carrying out such a method.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a method of the type mentioned at the outset, with which wear phenomena on the surfaces of walls of work areas and machines are avoided without the need to introduce foreign additional substances or materials.
  • the invention it is also possible at the same time to control the formation of the ice layer in such a way that process control takes place in certain sections or parts of the device or machine that are important for carrying out a method, for example by particularly strengthening the ice layer in passage openings such as nozzles or is weakened, as a result of which changes in flow velocity and pressure or throughput occur.
  • temperatures that are required will of course depend on the circumstances, i.e. H. Devices, machines and their operating conditions, but it has been shown that temperatures of up to -20 ° C are sufficient and that in most cases temperatures between -10 and -15 ° C on the device walls are sufficient.
  • coolant per se for example brine or frigen, is suitable as the coolant.
  • the device for carrying out the method now consists in that the equipment and machine parts to be protected against wear are designed as part of a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger can be a jacket or a second wall, that part of the device and the machine '':; ⁇ ⁇ : ⁇ 11. ! : surrounds, whose inner surface is to be protected against wear.
  • this jacket or the resulting cavity is supplied with the coolant, the temperature of this wall part of the device or the machine drops to such an extent that the process water, which flows through the device or the machine in the form of a suspension or a mixture, is noticeable the inner surface, which is to be protected against wear, forms an ice layer.
  • the ice layer can be regulated accordingly by the temperature of the coolant and it only needs to have a small thickness, which in the rarest cases rises beyond a few millimeters. Wear of this ice layer is insignificant because it builds up again and again.
  • a pipe coil or the like can also be placed on the wall part of the device to be protected in the machine. Lay the line that is in good thermal contact with the outer surface of the part of the machine that is to be protected.
  • the material from which the device or the machine is made should be as good a heat conductor as possible, which also applies to the coil or similar guide means, i. H . made of a metal, such as steel or brass or copper. These substances have a high thermal conductivity, whereas the ice layer has a very low thermal conductivity.
  • This practically universally applicable method is an ideal solution for protecting surfaces against wear in devices in which water or moist air is used as transport or Equipment is used.
  • the process can be adapted to a wide variety of devices and machines. It is easy to use and economical compared to the conventional investments that would otherwise be required.
  • Hydrocyclones have been known for many years and are used to separate solids from aqueous suspensions, the suspension being fed under pressure to the so-called entry cylinder of the cyclone via a tangentially arranged inlet opening. The suspension then merges into a cone adjoining the entry cylinder, in which the suspension assumes spiral movements at a considerable speed and moves downwards. As a result of the centrifugal forces that occur, the solids in the suspension are thrown out of the stream, hit the inner surface of the cone, and finally exit the so-called underflow nozzle at the lower end of the cone, while part of the liquid and possibly lighter and / or finer particles and Solid particles rise up the center line of the cone and emerge from an overflow opening.
  • the method according to the invention transferred to such a hydrocyclone, now consists in cooling that part of the hydrocyclion which is subject to wear, by forming a heat exchanger or by being in or having a good heat-conducting connection or being surrounded by it .
  • the heat exchanger is thus arranged such that it surrounds the cone or at least part of the cone and the underflow nozzle, so that when a coolant with a sufficiently low temperature or flow rate is passed through, an ice layer on the inner surface of the cone and, if desired, is formed on the underflow nozzle which is subject to wear.
  • This layer of ice protects the inner surface of the cone against direct contact with the solids which are suspended in the water, so that damage to the metallic surface of the cone Hydrocycling cannot occur because the solids now come into contact with the ice layer. Wear of this layer of ice is insignificant, as it repeatedly forms from the water in which the solids are suspended. Brine or a refrigerant such as Frigen can be used as the coolant.
  • the heat exchanger which surrounds the cone and the discharge end or the underflow nozzle is divided into several sections which can be supplied individually with coolant or with brine, so that the Heat dissipation or cold supply to different parts of the cone and the discharge end can be locally increased or decreased.
  • cooling is particularly strong in the area of the underflow nozzle or the discharge opening, the cross section of which is important for the separation process with regard to the grain fractions to be separated, a particularly thick layer of ice can form.
  • the separation process can be changed by controlling the thickness of the ice layer in the region of the discharge opening in this way. It can therefore at certain times or for certain substances or suspensions during the operation of the.
  • Cross section of the underflow nozzle can be narrowed or expanded at the end of the cone.
  • the ice layer on the inner wall of the cone does not run suddenly or step-wise due to the temperature profile in the wall and water, but rather in the direction of flow of the water slowly and steadily increasing.
  • Ice formation begins within that part of the cone which comes into contact with the coolant or refrigerant, and a relatively thin layer of ice forms, which slowly increases in thickness in the direction of flow of the suspension. So there are favorable flow conditions.
  • the hydrodynamic vacuum generated by the flow like other conditions resulting from the flow process, have no measurable effect on the formation of the ice layer. It is only necessary to ensure that both the water inside the cyclone and the refrigerant flow over the wall of the cone correctly and evenly in the areas in question.
  • the materials used to manufacture the cone and those of the heat exchanger are not of crucial importance because the thermal conductivities of the metals are significantly higher than those of the ice, so that the ice acts as an insulating material on the inside of the cone.
  • the inventive sense it is advantageous in the inventive sense to additionally create heating devices with which the wall temperature ⁇ temperatures of the cone can be brought quickly to temperatures in the region of the O-point, for example, in the absence of additional suspension suspension.
  • the suspension can also be precooled to low degrees.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross section through a
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through part of the cone of
  • FIG. 3 shows a section similar to that of FIG. 2 with a different heat exchanger shape
  • FIG. 4 shows a section similar to that of FIGS. 2 and 3 with a further embodiment of a heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 Since a hydrocyclone is a perfectly symmetrical structure, only the left half is shown in FIG. 1, in which the entire hydrocyclone is shown. The right half corresponds to the left half with the exception of the inflow and the overflow, which are only available in each case.
  • 1 consists of the inlet 1, which opens tangentially into the entry cylinder 2.
  • the entry cylinder 2 is closed off at the top by a plate into which a so-called vortex finder 3 opens and one Establishes connection between the entry cylinder and the head piece 4.
  • a vent valve 5 is contained in the head piece 4 and a pipeline 6 which opens into it and functions as an overflow.
  • the cone At the lower end of the entry cylinder 2 is the cone, which is the most essential piece of the hydrocyclic.
  • the cone 7 merges into an underflow nozzle with discharge line 8, which can be controlled in cross-section in known hydrocyclones.
  • the suspension of water and solids to be separated in the hydrocyclone is fed tangentially into the feed cylinder via inlet 1 under high pressure.
  • the actual separation then takes place in the cone 7 ' , "where the denser material is thrown against the inner wall of the cone 7 due to the centrifugal force, which can be quite significant.
  • FIG. 1 The area in which wear can mainly occur in the exemplary embodiment shown is covered in FIG. 1 by the clamp 9.
  • a heat exchanger 10 is arranged, which is represented here by a jacket 11 which, at a certain, substantially uniform distance, the lower end of the cone and discharge line 7 or 8 surrounds and is provided with inlet and drain pipe connections.
  • This jacket or heat exchanger 10 can of course also a considerably larger part of the outer surface of the cone 7 cover . This will essentially depend on the operational requirements and other practical considerations. So if in Fig. 1 the heat exchanger only covers about half of the cone 7 and part of the discharge line 8, it can instead extend up to the connecting flange 14 with the cylinder 2 E ⁇ ntragzy.
  • this heat exchanger is a jacket that surrounds the cone and the discharge line. It can of course also be designed in a different way, for example as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the reference 7 denotes the cone and the reference 8 the discharge line.
  • the heat exchanger 10 here is a tube I T ', which is wound spirally around the desired part of the cone 7 and the discharge line 8 and has an inlet 12 and an outlet 13. It is only essential for such a configuration that the contact with the wall of the cone 7 in the area is designed to be as large as possible and with good heat conductivity.
  • the heat exchanger can also be formed by a rectangular tube which, with one of its surfaces, lies closely against the surface of the cone 7 and the discharge opening 8. Otherwise, all measures can be taken which serve to improve the heat transfer from the exchanger tube to the cone wall and vice versa.
  • the reference number 15 now denotes the layer of ice which forms and which, according to the invention, protects against wear.
  • FIG. 3 Another type of heat exchanger is shown in FIG. 3, namely that there is not a uniform heat exchanger as in FIGS. 1 and 2, but individual, individually controllable exchanges are shear, which here have the reference numerals A, B, C and D, each with inflow and outflow. In this way, the temperatures in the wall of the cone 7 or the discharge line 8 can be controlled according to the desired operating conditions.
  • section C which is of particular importance for the separation function of the hydrocyclion, because it contains the discharge opening of the discharge line and thus determines the grain belt which is discharged, than sections A, B and D, namely, so that a change occurs, ie a reduction in the cross-sectional opening at the discharge end of the cone, so as to influence the separation process.
  • a change occurs, ie a reduction in the cross-sectional opening at the discharge end of the cone, so as to influence the separation process.
  • the wear in the area of section A is only slight, so that here the ice layer to be produced need only have a small thickness and therefore the coolant supply is less strong or the coolant is at lower temperatures have needs.
  • FIG. 4 shows a heat exchanger as in FIG. 2, but only for the sake of simplicity. It can just as well be one according to FIG. 1 or act according to FIG. 3. It is crucial in this illustration that additional heating devices are available. In the example according to FIG. 4, these are provided in the form of heating lines for a liquid heating medium or electrical resistance heating lines and are illustrated by the small circles 16. The power supply takes place at 17 and 18. This form of combination of cooling and heating devices is intended to enable a particularly rapid regulation or control of the ice layer, and it is intended to prevent, in the event of failure to supply suspension via line 1 and a fault of the discharge via line 8, a freezing of the content of the hydrocyclic occurs.
  • the ice layer then acted because of the inherent poor thermal conductivity as an insulating layer, while the thermal conductivity through the metal of the cone and possibly. Pipeline walls is extraordinarily good.
  • the thermal conductivity for ice is, for example, 22 mW / cm / K and that for brass and copper is 970 mW / cm / K and 3900 mW / cm / K. 3, for example, the ice layer in the area of the discharge opening to the discharge line 8 can be particularly controlled, so that the cross-section and thus the separation process of the hydrocyclization can be influenced.
  • the formation of the ice layer and the monitoring of the ice layer formed or its thickness change for the purpose of changing the cross-section of nozzles, for example, is carried out using known measuring devices, for example by means of electrical, optical or other probes which are guided through the cyclone wall and whose measuring signals in turn is coupled to the control of the refrigerant line, so that the control takes place automatically.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)

Abstract

Les surfaces de parois (7) exposées à l'usure sont refroidies par un agent réfrigérant de façon qu'une couche de glace (15) se renouvellant continûment et de façon réglable quant à son extension et à son épaisseur, se sépare du mélange coulant sur ces surfaces. Les surfaces à refroidir des appareils et machines font partie d'un échangeur de chaleur, à travers lesquelles l'agent réfrigérant est conduit de façon réglable.
EP19850904083 1984-08-08 1985-07-26 Procede pour l'inhibition de l'usure de surfaces d'organes traitant des melanges dans de l'eau ou dans de l'air humide Withdrawn EP0191069A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843429187 DE3429187A1 (de) 1984-08-08 1984-08-08 Verfahren zur verhinderung des verschleisses an oberflaechen von maschinen und geraeten zur bearbeitung von gemengen in wasser oder feuchtehaltiger luft und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung eines solchen verfahrens
DE3429187 1984-08-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0191069A1 true EP0191069A1 (fr) 1986-08-20

Family

ID=6242601

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850904083 Withdrawn EP0191069A1 (fr) 1984-08-08 1985-07-26 Procede pour l'inhibition de l'usure de surfaces d'organes traitant des melanges dans de l'eau ou dans de l'air humide

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0191069A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61501719A (fr)
AU (1) AU4678585A (fr)
DE (1) DE3429187A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986001277A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2578003A (en) * 1947-03-26 1951-12-11 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Prevention of erosion by moving solids
US2622937A (en) * 1949-05-31 1952-12-23 Standard Oil Co Prevention of erosion in pipe lines
FR2044936A5 (en) * 1969-05-19 1971-02-26 Wilhelm Hedrich Vakuuman Chilling pumps for abrasive filled resins red - uces wear and fluid seal
DE2758343C2 (de) * 1977-12-27 1979-08-16 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zur Verringerung der Bewegungswiderstände bei Strebförderern
GB2028461A (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-03-05 Buckell Eng Ltd Pipe Lining
US4340616A (en) * 1980-02-19 1982-07-20 United States Steel Corporation Method for decreasing the wear on a surface

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8601277A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1986001277A1 (fr) 1986-02-27
DE3429187A1 (de) 1986-02-20
AU4678585A (en) 1986-03-07
JPS61501719A (ja) 1986-08-14

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Inventor name: BALCK, FRIEDRICH

Inventor name: LABUSCH, REINER

Inventor name: DJAWADI, HASSAN, G.

Inventor name: JANSSEN, KLAUS