EP0187834A1 - Palette für materialtransport. - Google Patents

Palette für materialtransport.

Info

Publication number
EP0187834A1
EP0187834A1 EP85903640A EP85903640A EP0187834A1 EP 0187834 A1 EP0187834 A1 EP 0187834A1 EP 85903640 A EP85903640 A EP 85903640A EP 85903640 A EP85903640 A EP 85903640A EP 0187834 A1 EP0187834 A1 EP 0187834A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
deck
material handling
base
bearer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85903640A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0187834B1 (de
EP0187834A4 (de
Inventor
Alan Dash
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT85903640T priority Critical patent/ATE57153T1/de
Publication of EP0187834A1 publication Critical patent/EP0187834A1/de
Publication of EP0187834A4 publication Critical patent/EP0187834A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0187834B1 publication Critical patent/EP0187834B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0053—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0077—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0089—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0093—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0095—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a stringer-like shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00024—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00059—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
    • B65D2519/00094—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
    • B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
    • B65D2519/00278—Overall construction of the pallet the load supporting surface and the base surface being identical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00293—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00298—Overall construction of the load supporting surface skeleton type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
    • B65D2519/00333—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a stringer-like shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00353—Overall construction of the base surface skeleton type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00368—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer
    • B65D2519/00378—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer whereby at least one spacer is made of two or more pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B65D2519/00562—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements chemical connection, e.g. glued, welded, sealed

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pallets of the kind used for transport of a wide variety of goods and commodities.
  • Wooden pallets are widely used but suffer from several disadvantages not the least of which is that they are easily damaged. Furthermore, wooden pallets readily absorb moisture which leads to increased weight and often to degradation of the timber.
  • a pallet comprising a deck, a base, and a plurality of bearers there ⁇ between, characterised in that each bearer is of an H-shape having upper and lower pairs of leg portions above and below an intermediate web, said leg portions being inclined at an oblique angle to the intermediate web, and said upper legs of each bearer being connected to the deck and the lower legs of each bearer being connected to the base.
  • the invention also provides a pallet comprising a deck, a base and a plurality of bearers therebetween characterised in that each bearer consists of a pair of U-shaped channels each having a web portion, sloping leg portions each at an oblique angle to the web portion and outwardly directed flanges at the free end of the leg portions, said channels being connected together at their web portions with the flanges of one channel being connected to the deck and the flanges of the other channel being connected to the base.
  • each bearer is formed by welding two channel members together by their webs with the open face of each channel being outwardly directed. The outwardly directed flanges at the free end of the legs of the upper channel are welded to the pallet deck and the flanges of the lower channel are welded to the pallet base.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a pallet according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partially broken away end view of the pallet shown in Fig. 1, taken in the direction of arrow A
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged end view of a plank of the deck of the pallet shown in Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged end view of a bearer of the pallet shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 5 is an end view of an alternative side channel for the pallet shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 6 is an end view of a protection cap for the pallet shown in Fig 1
  • the pallet 10 shown in the drawings has a load- supporting deck 11, a base 12 and three bearers 13 connected between the deck 11 and the base 12.
  • the deck 11 has four planks 40 which are formed from a light gauge, high strength steel sheet which is pressed into the corrugated shape shown in Fig. 3.
  • the pitch (P) of each corrugation is 75mm and the height of each corregation is approximately 23mm.
  • the corrugation pitch (P) can be varied as desired to accommodate variations in pallet size.
  • the deck 11 could be of any desired shape of configuration. For example, there could be more or less planks 40 closer together or further apart, or the deck 11 could be continuous.
  • the plank 40 has top webs 14 and bottom webs 16 interconnected by leg portions 15. Although the top web 14 of the plank 40 is shown as being horizontal it may, of course be curved.
  • the base 12 consists of a central corrugated plank 20 and two side planks 21.
  • Side channels ' 22 are fitted along the outer extremities of the outer planks 40 of the deck 11 and the side portions 21 of the base 12.
  • each side channel 22 has a flange 41 by means of which the channel 22 is welded to the bearers 13.
  • the channels 22 have a bull-nose portion 43 at their extremities as shown in Fig. 2.
  • a side strip 43 may be fitted over the ends of the planks of the deck and the portions 20, 21 of the base 12 as indicated in Fig. 1
  • An enlarged view of the bearer 13 is shown in Fig. 4.
  • the bearer 13 consists of an upper channel 30 and a lower channel 31 which are welded together at their webs 32 with the open mouth of each channel extending outwardly.
  • Each channel 30, 31 has sloping leg portions 33, 34 at an oblique angle (W) to the webs 32.
  • W oblique angle
  • the width of each flange 35 is approximately half that of the web 32.
  • the web 32 is effectively 27mm wide
  • the leg portions 33, 34 effectively 47mm wide
  • the flanges 35 effectively 15mm wide.
  • the choice of the angle (W) of the leg portions 33, 34 the web is a compromise between the optimum angle for each of the loads to which a pallet may be subjected.
  • the optimum angle (W) is zero - that is the leg portions 33, 34 should be vertical.
  • the optimum angle (W) is zero, however, the width of the web 32 is somewhat critical.
  • shear ie: a load is applied along the deck 11 and along the base 12, but in opposite directions, the optimum angle (W) is 30°. Taking all these factors into account, and preferred angle (W) is 15°, however, angles between zero and 30° will suffice in certain circumstances.
  • the angle between the leg portions and the intermediate web may be from 90° to 120° with 105° being preferred.
  • the side channel shown in Fig. 5 is substantially similar to that shown in Fig. 2 except that the bull-nose 42a has an arcuate configuration.
  • a closure plate 50 may be welded across the ends of each bearer 13 as shown in Fig 1
  • the closure plate 50 has a central portion 51 having side flanges 52 that are welded to the leg portions 33, 34 of the bearers 13. End caps 53, 54 engage over and are welded to the side channels 27 of the deck 11 and base 12.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
EP19850903640 1984-07-18 1985-07-18 Palette für materialtransport Expired - Lifetime EP0187834B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85903640T ATE57153T1 (de) 1984-07-18 1985-07-18 Palette fuer materialtransport.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPG606884 1984-07-18
AU6068/84 1984-07-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0187834A1 true EP0187834A1 (de) 1986-07-23
EP0187834A4 EP0187834A4 (de) 1988-08-29
EP0187834B1 EP0187834B1 (de) 1990-10-03

Family

ID=3770673

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850903640 Expired - Lifetime EP0187834B1 (de) 1984-07-18 1985-07-18 Palette für materialtransport

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0187834B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61502741A (de)
DE (1) DE3580019D1 (de)
DK (1) DK153753C (de)
FI (1) FI861016A0 (de)
NO (1) NO860951L (de)
WO (1) WO1986000866A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2036526A1 (en) * 1991-02-18 1992-08-19 Terrance M. K. Dunn Metal pallet
JPH0554264U (ja) * 1991-12-30 1993-07-20 株式会社岩岡工作所 荷役器具に用いる金属製ボ−ド
AT407869B (de) * 1997-10-22 2001-07-25 Hofmaninger Franz Dr Palette oder vielwegpalette sowie verfahren zur herstellung einer palette
AT2475U1 (de) * 1997-10-22 1998-11-25 Hofmaninger Franz Dr Palette oder vielwegpalette sowie verfahren zur herstellung einer palette
EP0999145B1 (de) * 1998-11-04 2002-03-06 DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG Leichtbaupalette für Raumfahrzeuge
US6058852A (en) * 1999-05-12 2000-05-09 Estvanko; Gary A. Equipment skid
AU2004281850B2 (en) * 2003-10-15 2010-07-29 Alexander William Marshall Bailey A pallet
WO2005037667A1 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-04-28 Bailey Alexander William Marsh A pallet
US20070245932A1 (en) * 2006-04-24 2007-10-25 Worthington Steelpac Systems Metal pallet
EP2202271A1 (de) 2008-12-29 2010-06-30 Borealis AG Alpha-nukleiertes Polypropylen für Stromkabelisolierung
US9260218B2 (en) 2011-12-09 2016-02-16 Crossborder Technologies Ab Pallet
US20140251190A1 (en) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-11 Green Line Armor Llc Pallet Support Shield

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB609769A (en) * 1946-03-21 1948-10-06 Francis Mortimer Montgomery Improvements in pallets for transporter trucks

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2699912A (en) * 1953-10-06 1955-01-18 Walton W Cushman Knockdown pallet
GB2026431B (en) * 1978-06-20 1983-03-30 Extrados Co Ltd Steel pallet construction

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB609769A (en) * 1946-03-21 1948-10-06 Francis Mortimer Montgomery Improvements in pallets for transporter trucks

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO8600866A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK153753C (da) 1989-01-23
WO1986000866A1 (en) 1986-02-13
DK114986A (da) 1986-03-12
NO860951L (no) 1986-03-13
DK114986D0 (da) 1986-03-12
DE3580019D1 (de) 1990-11-08
EP0187834B1 (de) 1990-10-03
FI861016A (fi) 1986-03-12
DK153753B (da) 1988-08-29
FI861016A0 (fi) 1986-03-12
EP0187834A4 (de) 1988-08-29
JPS61502741A (ja) 1986-11-27

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