Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C279/00—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C279/04—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of guanidine groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton
  • C07C279/14—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of guanidine groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton being further substituted by carboxyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C279/00—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C279/18—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of guanidine groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to immunosuppressants containing Spergualin compounds as an active ingredient.
• drugs with immunosuppressive actions include alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antibiotics, steroids, folic acid antagonists and plant alkaloids.
• spergualin is a compound that was isolated by Umezawa and others from the filtrate of a culture broth of Spergualin-producing microorganism of the genus Bacillus.
• the structural formula of Spergualin is shown below:
• Spergualin is not only effective against mouse leukemia L-1210, mouse leukemia EL-4 , Ehrlich carcinoma and sarcoma 180 bus also exhibits promising activity in controlling malignant tumors (see Japanese Unexamined Published Patent Application No. 48957/1982).
• Umezawa et al. continued their studies on Spergualin compounds and have synthesized numerousspergualin compounds which are more stable and have a stronger antitumor activity (see Japanese Unexamined Published Patent Application Nos. 62152/1983, 42356/1984 and 76046/1984). Among these compounds are those used in the present invention.
• the immunosuppressive effects of steroids are considered to be accomplished principally through the antiinflammatory action and the lysis of lymphocytes.
• steroids have diversified pharmacological effects and cause many side effects.
• the other immunosuppressants are classified as "cytotoxic" substances and their action is directed, among other things, to the pathways of nucleic acid synthesis and may often cause serious side effects on hematopoietic organs. It is therefore desired to develop immunosuppressive drugs that act selectively on lymphocytes and other cells of immunological importance while causing minimum side effects.
• the compounds of formula (I) may form salts with acids.
• Salt-forming acids may be inorganic or organic if they are physiologically accpetable.
• Preferred inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid;
• preferred organic acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, glutaric acid, citric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluensulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
• excipients or carriers When the compounds of the present invention are used as immunosuppressants, they are administered either independently or in admixture with excipients or carriers to form injections, oral formulations or suppositories.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and carriers should be selected and their type and composition are determined by the route and method of administration.
• Illustrative liquid carriers include water, alcohols, as well as animal, vegetable and synthetic oils such as soybean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil and mineral oils.
• Exemplary solid carriers include sugars such as maltose and sucrose, amino acids, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, and organic acid salts such as magnesium stearate.
• Carriers suitable for use in preparing injections include physiological saline, buffer solutions, solutions of sugars such as glucose, inositol, and mannitol, and glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and poly(ethylene glycol).
• the compounds of the present invention may be freeze-dried together with excipients such as sugars (e.g. inositol, mannitol, glucose, mannose, maltose and sucrose) and amino acids (e.g. phenylalanine). Before intravenous injection, such freeze-dried compounds are dissolved in suitable solvents such as sterilized water, physiological saline, glucose solution, electrolyte solution and amino acid solution.
• suitable solvents such as sterilized water, physiological saline, glucose solution, electrolyte solution and amino acid solution.
• the content of the compounds of the present invention in the immunosuppressive agent varies with the specific type of formulation, and it generally ranges from 0.1 to 100 wt%, preferably from 1 to 98 wt%. With Injections, the content of the active ingredient generally ranges from 0.1 to 30 wt%, preferably from 1 to 10 wt%.
• the compounds of the present invention may be mixed with any of the solid or liquid carriers listed above, and used in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, granules, liquids or dry syrups. With capsules, tablets, granules and powders, the content of the active ingredient ranges generally from 5 to 100 wt%, preferably from 25 to 98 wt%.
• the dosage of the immunosuppressant containing the compounds of the present invention as the active ingredient should be properly determined depending upon the age and body weight of the patient, as well as the severity and type of the disease.
• the effective dose generally ranges from 1 to 100 mg/kg per day for parenteral administration, and from 5 to 500 mg/kg per day for oral administration.
• the compounds of the present invention are characterized by relatively low toxicity and small accumulation of toxicity upon continuous administration.
• the LD 50 -values of compounds (1) to (11) for a single intraperitoneal administration to mice ar shown in Table 2.
• the compounds of the present invention exert inhibitory effects on the function of lymphocytes of immunological importance.
• Tests by the method of Waithe et al. (Waithe et al., Handbook of Experimental Immunology, page 26.1, 1978), revealed that the compound of the present invention appreciably inhibited the T-lymphocyte blast genesis stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) and the reaction of B-lymphocyte blast genesis stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore in vivo experiments have been conducted to examine the effects of the compounds of the present invention on T-lymphocytes.
• Con A concanavalin A
• LPS lipopolysaccharide
• the compounds of the present invention were examined for their effects on delayed-type hypersensivity in mice that had been sensitized with sheep red blood cells.
• the delayed-type hypersensivity could be blocked by administering the compound for three consecutive days following the sensitization with sheep red blood cells.
• the compounds of the present invention were checked for their effects on the plaque-forming ability of spleen cells from mice sensitized by antigenic sheep red blood cells.
• the compounds of the present invention also exhibited blocking effects in this test. It was therefore confirmed that the compounds of the present invention exhibited inhibitory action on the antibody production by B-lymphocytes.
• the above data show the ability of the compounds of the present invention to inhibit the functions of B- and T-lymphocytes.
• the inhibited B- and T-lymphocytes respectively mean the suppression of humoral immunity and that of cell-mediated immunity. Therefore, the immunosuppressants containing the compounds of the present invention as the active ingredient are very effective in suppressing tissue rejection that accompanies the transplantation of an organ or skin probably because of an abnormally enhanced humoral or cellular immunity.
• the compounds can also be used for the treatment of diseases caused primarily by various forms of autoimmunity, as well as rheumatism and allergic diseases.
• the compounds of the present invention seem to have a different mechanism of action than the prior art immunosuppressants and have therefore no such serious side effects as causing disorder in hematopoietic organs as is caused by all immunosuppressants classified as cytotoxic substances, or the development of gastric ulcers and cataracts that often accompanies the administration of steroid hormones.
• CDF1 mice (8-wk-old, female) were sensitized by intravenous injection of 1 x 10 5 sheep red blood cells. Four days later, the sensitized mice were subcutaneously injected in one footpad with 1 x 10 8 sheep red blood cells so as to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity. The swelling of the footpad was measured at the 24th hour with a micrometer.
• Each of the test compounds was administered intraperitoneally in the amounts (mg/kg) indicated in Table 3 for a period of 3 days that started on the day following the initial sensitization. The degree of footpad swelling was indicated in relative values, with the value for a control given physiological saline instead of the test compounds being taken as 100%. The results are shown in Table 3, from which one can see the great ability of the compounds of the present invention to inhibit delayed type hypersensitivity.
• Spleen cells from BALB/C mice were distributed among wells in a microplate so that each well contained 2 x 10 5 cells/0.2 ml. Each of the selected test compounds was added to all wells but one, the latter being used as a control. ConA (5 ⁇ g/ml) was added to all the wells and the so prepared cell suspensions were cultivated in a 5% C0 2 incubator for 72 hours at 37°C. Eight hours before the completion of the incubation, 1 ⁇ Ci of 3 H-thymidine was added to each well and the uptake of the thymidine by the cultured cells was measured with a liquid scintillation counter to estimate the progress of reaction of T-lymphocyte blast genesis.
• test compound Nos. 1, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 11 in accordance with the present invention exhibited a strong ability to inhibit the reaction of T-lymphocyte blast genesis.
• CDF1 mice (6-10 wk old, female) were immunized by intravenous injection of 1 x 10 8 sheep red blood cells. The mice were intraperitoneally administered 12.5 mg/kg per day of selected test compounds for a period of 3 days starting from the day following the intravenous injection. Four days later, spleen cells were isolated from the mice and the number of plaque-forming cells was counted. The percentage inhibition of antibody production was calculated by (1 - B/A) x 100 wherein A is the count for a control group (given physiological saline) and B, for the treated group. Compound Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 exhibited inhibitions of 98.5%, 95.9%, 89,4%, 89,4% and 92,9%, respectively.
• the compounds of the present invention have a relatively low toxicity (LD 50 between 12.5 and 50 mg/kg) and exhibit good immunosuppressive actions such as the inhibition of delayed-type hypersensitivity, the inhibition of the functions of T- and B-lymphocytes, and the inhibition of the production of antibodies against sheep red blood cells.
• the compounds of the present invention seem to have a different mechanism of action from the prior art immunosuppressants, and because of this fact, immunosuppressing agents having lower side effects may be prepared from the compounds of the present invention.
• a mixture of 30 parts by weight of a hydrochloride of compound (3), 120 parts of crystalline lactose, 147 parts of crystalline cellulose and 3 parts of magnesium stearate was processed with a V-type pelletizing machine to produce tablets each weighing 300 mg.
• the 4-(4-GP)butyratehydrochloride was synthesized by the following method.
• the oil was dissolved in 25 ml of 0.3 M NaCl in 60% (v/v) aqueous methanol, and the solution was passed through a column of 350 ml of CM-Sephadex (R) C-25 (Na + ) that had been equilibrated with the same solvent.
• the column was eluted by the gradient elution between 2,000 ml of 0.3 M NaCl in 60% (v/v) aqueous methanol and 2,000 ml of 0.1 M NaCl in 60% (v/v) aqueous methanol.
• the fractions containing the end compound were collected and concentrated to dryness under vacuum. Methanol was added to the residue and the insoluble NaCl was filtered off.
• the resulting oil was purified by the following procedure.
• the oil was dissolved in 5 ml of methanol, and the solution was passed through a column filled with 100 ml of Sephadex ( R ) LH-20, followed by elution with methanol, collection of the active fractions and concentration thereof under vacuum.
• the oil was dissolved in 5 ml of distilled water, and the solution was passed through a column filled with 80 ml of HP-20 (R) (product of Misubishi Chemical Industries Limited), followed by elution with distilled water, collection of the active fractions and concentration thereof under vacuum.
• the resulting oil was dissolved in 5 ml of distilled water and the insoluble matter was filtered off.
• the oil was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water and the solution was passed through a column packed with 220 ml of CM-Sephadex (R) C-25 (Na + ). The column was then eluted by the gradient elution between 1,100 ml of distilled water and 1,100 ml of an aqueous solution of 1.0 M NaCl. The fractions containing the end compound were collected and concentrated to dryness under vacuum. Methanol was added to the dry product and the insoluble NaCl was filtered off.
• the 3-(4-guanidinomethylphenyl)propionic acid used as the starting material was synthesized by the following procedure.
• the oil was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water, and the solution was passed through a column packed with 220 ml of CM-Se- p h adex( R ) C-25 (Na + ), followed by elution by the gradient elution between 1,100 ml of distilled water and 1,100 ml of an aqueous solution of 1.2 M NaCl.
• the fractions containing the end compound were collected and concentrated to dryness under vacuum. Methanol was added to the dry product and the insoluble NaCl was filtered off.
• the 5-(4-GP)pentanoic acid was synthesized by the following method. 7.42 g (35.80 mmol) of an oil of methyl 5-(4-aminophenyl)pentanoate was treated as in Reference Example 3, whereupon 3.72 g of the end compound was obtained as a pale yellow crystal (yield: 44.1%). m.p. 254 - 256°C.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Transplantation (AREA)
• Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
• Rheumatology (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

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• 1984
  • 1984-11-13 JP JP59237480A patent/JPS61129119A/ja active Granted
• 1985
  • 1985-11-05 AT AT85114042T patent/ATE80613T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-11-05 DE DE8585114042T patent/DE3586649T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1985-11-05 EP EP85114042A patent/EP0181592B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1985-11-12 IE IE282385A patent/IE59251B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-11-12 ZA ZA858659A patent/ZA858659B/xx unknown
  • 1985-11-12 DK DK198505216A patent/DK173952B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation

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