EP0172411A1 - Contacteur sous vide avec des pièces de contact de CuCr et procédé pour la fabrication de tels pièces - Google Patents

Contacteur sous vide avec des pièces de contact de CuCr et procédé pour la fabrication de tels pièces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0172411A1
EP0172411A1 EP85108917A EP85108917A EP0172411A1 EP 0172411 A1 EP0172411 A1 EP 0172411A1 EP 85108917 A EP85108917 A EP 85108917A EP 85108917 A EP85108917 A EP 85108917A EP 0172411 A1 EP0172411 A1 EP 0172411A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
melting
contact pieces
additives
copper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85108917A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0172411B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinrich Dr. Hässler
Reiner Müller
Horst Dr. Kippenberg
Wilfried Kuhl
Joachim Grosse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0172411A1 publication Critical patent/EP0172411A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0172411B1 publication Critical patent/EP0172411B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the new use of a melting material made of copper and chrome as a contact material for use in switching tubes of vacuum contactors.
  • the invention also relates to the contact material itself and to methods for its production, to contact pieces made of this material and method for its production, and to special contact arrangements in switching tubes for vacuum contactors.
  • circuit breakers Materials made of copper and chrome are known from the prior art. If they are used as contact materials, they are used throughout for vacuum circuit breakers. In such circuit breakers, for example medium-voltage circuit breakers, it is important to switch equally high voltages in the kV range and high currents in the kA range. Since the switching frequency of circuit breakers is comparatively low, their lifespan is designed for switching numbers of a few 10 4 .
  • the vacuum contactors also belong to the vacuum switchgear class. These are characterized by their long service life, whereby switching numbers> - 10 6 at nominal current are usually aimed for.
  • the material for contact pieces of vacuum contactors is due to the necessary long life particularly high demands are made with regard to the burning behavior.
  • short-circuit switching currents of up to about 5 kA must be safely managed during the entire service life; on the other hand , a favorable welding behavior, ie a low welding force, must be required at the same time, so that the opening of the contact pieces is ensured even after short-circuit inrush currents.
  • the maximum frequency of the Abre ßstrom values should be well below 5 A.
  • tungsten As a high melting component and is therefore particularly resistant to erosion, is used while the copper (Cu) h as a thermally highly conductive material and electrically osteotomy, an over it prevents, for ung the button.
  • Cu copper
  • WCu materials are produced by sintering of a scaffold from the high melting point component and then impregnating DIE se s scaffold with the low melting point component, even the effect of the Ge can equally rüstkühlung through the lower boiling material against overheating be utilized.
  • Whitening power to reduce the chopping current and Sch are customarily further metallic components such as tellurium or antimony, added.
  • a typical structure of a tungsten-copper contact surface that is subject to frequent switching therefore contains torn and scale-shaped areas.
  • the above surface structures naturally limit the switching properties and thus the service life of the contact material. So far, the contact material has been optimized for the specifically required properties by choosing suitable concentration ratios and specific powder particle sizes. However, there is a need in particular in the area of low voltage to look for other contact materials with improved erosion behavior.
  • tungsten copper WCu
  • the material sought should be a composite material in order to take advantage of the favorable properties of this contact material class. It was recognized that the described unfavorable combustion structure of tungsten copper is primarily due to the strongly differing vapor pressures of the two metals used to date. The invention was based on the finding that it was necessary to look for a metal combination whose components, despite different other properties, have similar vapor pressures where possible. Such a combination is especially given by a material based on chrome and copper.
  • a material based on chromium and copper is known per se as a contact material. So far, however, this has advantageously been used as a contact piece in the case of vacuum medium-voltage circuit breakers which are highly loaded in terms of current and voltage. For this area of application, the cheap, flat burn-up pattern and the resulting good dielectric strength are used. Because here. no high number of switching operations are required, the burnout rate of chromium-copper, which is considerable at high breaking currents, can easily be tolerated there.
  • Chromium-copper materials have been considered by the art as unsuitable for vacuum contactors in particular because of the presumed rate of burn in Va k uum elaboratesschalter.
  • such a differentiation of the field of application of the known contact materials from the monograph by A. Keil et alii "Electrical contacts and their materials", (Springer Verlag 1984), Chap. 4.3 "Switchgear", especially Table 4.7, p. 359, can be removed.
  • the erosion resistance of this material could be proven especially under contactor conditions, with which such a material easily meets the required number of switching operations of ⁇ 10 6 at nominal current while maintaining the short-circuit current breaking capacity.
  • measurements with a nominal current of 600 A and approximately 10 6 switching operations resulted in a height loss of ⁇ mm per contact.
  • a burnout of L 1 mm per contact piece was also found with a switching number of 3.10 5 .
  • a melting material with a composition in mass proportions of about 25 to 60% is suitable for the above use. It was found that such a contact material already has sufficient properties after the melt metallurgical production, preferably by means of arc melting. This material already has a line-shaped alignment of Cr dendrites. So that this line-shaped alignment of the Cr dendrites runs perpendicular to the button of the contact pieces, the melting material is preferably formed so that there is a directional structure perpendicular to the button. Forming is preferably carried out by full forward extrusion with a degree of deformation> 60%.
  • the requirements for the material can generally be met by the base material chromium-copper.
  • the required properties can also be improved by adding tellurium, antimony, bismuth and / or tin.
  • Various methods are possible for introducing such additives, for example melting, diffusing in or storing in depressions.
  • switching tubes of a vacuum contactor can also have an unpaired contact arrangement with contact pieces made of melting materials of different additives, without losing the advantageous properties in switching operation.
  • a melting block is to be produced by the arc melting process: for example, the blank should have the dimensions of 80 mm in diameter and 400 mm in length.
  • the powder mixture of appropriate composition is pressed isostatically at a pressure of 3000 bar and then sintered in a vacuum at temperatures just below 'or, in the case of the formation of a liquid phase, about 50 ° C. above the copper melting point.
  • the sintered blank is used as a melting electrode in an arc melting furnace and remelted under helium as a protective gas.
  • the arc current must be at least 1000 A for the given dimensions.
  • the melted electrode material solidifies in a water-cooled copper mold.
  • compositions in mass fractions of 60% copper and 40% chromium instead of the composition in mass fractions of 60% copper and 40% chromium, other compositions in the range between 25 and 60% chromium can also be selected.
  • a semi-finished product for contact pieces is then produced from the melting block thus produced by arc melting by full forward extrusion.
  • degrees of deformation of more than 60% are used, for example of 78%.
  • a bar diameter of 35 mm results from a blank diameter of 75 mm as a semifinished product.
  • This semifinished product has a directional structure, in which the chrome dendrites present in the material are now present in a row-like orientation with a preferred direction. If, after a possible twisting off of the surfaces with impurities, disks of 5 mm thickness are cut off from this rod as contact pieces, a button perpendicular to the present directional structure inevitably results.
  • Example 2 After metallurgical production as in Example 1, the melting block with a diameter of 80 mm is cut into 5 mm slices. Three contact pieces with a diameter of 35 mm can then be punched out of these disks.
  • the contact pieces manufactured according to example 1 or 2 can be installed in the switching tubes of vacuum contactors. However, as described in Examples 3 to 5 in connection with the figures, special additional components can also be introduced into the contact pieces beforehand.
  • Contact pieces of the composition are to be produced in proportions by mass of 58.5% copper (Cu), 38.5% chromium (Cr) and 3% tellurium (Te): for this purpose, contact pieces are first made according to Example 1 by arc melting and subsequent shaping Copper and chrome made, which is a composition in bulk proportions of 60% copper and 40% chromium is selected. Tellurium should be alloyed into the contact disks after forming and cutting.
  • a CuCr disk 1 is introduced into a correspondingly designed graphite crucible 2 with a graphite paper 3 interposed.
  • Tellurium powder 4 is applied in excess to the surface of the CuCr disk 1.
  • the crucible 2 is then heated to 1150 ° C. and held under protective gas for about 1 hour. The result is a contact piece 5 of the required composition, the tellurium offered being alloyed in quantitatively.
  • the tellurium content can range from 0.1 to 10% depending on the requirements for welding force and tear-off current.
  • Contact pieces of the composition in mass fractions of 48.5% copper (Cu), 48.5% chromium (Cr) and 3% antimony (Sb) are to be produced.
  • contact pieces of the composition in mass fractions of 50% copper and 50% chromium are produced again by arc melting and subsequent forming.
  • the antimony is introduced by diffusion: For this purpose, a recess is worked into the contact piece, into which the antimony is inserted.
  • a copper-chrome contact piece 20 is formed with a recess 21 approximately as a cup. It is on an Al 2 O 3 plate 22.
  • Antimony powder 23 is brought into the recess of the contact piece 20.
  • a diffusion zone 24 with the above-mentioned concentration forms in the copper-chromium disk. The depth formation and antimony concentration of the diffusion zone 24 can be controlled via the temperature holding time and the antimony supply.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative possibility is illustrated with the aid of FIG. 3: Here there is a copper-chrome disk 30 in an A1 2 0 3 crucible 31, which is covered with a plate 32 made of carbon. There is an excess of antimony powder 33 between the base plate of the A1203 crucible 31 and the copper-chrome disk 30. After heating to about 1000 ° C., a diffusion zone 34 forms from the bottom after about 2 hours. The depth of the diffusion zone is specified in accordance with the expected erosion.
  • disk-shaped contact pieces of the composition are first again made in mass proportions of, for example, 50% copper and copper using the process described in Example 1 or 2 50% chrome made.
  • depressions are worked into the surfaces of these contact disks, for example as a central bore, in the form of several bores or as an annular groove.
  • Metals or alloys with a melting point below the melting point of the copper-chromium eutectic are then introduced into the depressions as granules or a suitable form.
  • the metals tellurium, antimony or the alloys antimontelluride, bismuth telluride and tin telluride have proven to be advantageous.
  • the additional components are melted in the recesses.
  • FIG. 4 A CuCr disk 40 with a central bore 41 is located in a graphite crucible 42 with a lid 43. The additional components are introduced into the bore 41. After melting, it forms a thin layer 46 on the top surface of the contact piece 40, which serves as a button.
  • a contact arrangement for vertical installation in a switching tube can advantageously be designed in such a way that one contact piece made of copper and chromium consists of one of the compositions specified in Example 1 or 2, while the associated opposite contact piece consists of copper and chromium with specific Additions exist.
  • the latter contact piece can be designed according to Examples 3 to 5.
  • the contact piece above can consist of pure melting material with or without deformation.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
EP85108917A 1984-07-30 1985-07-16 Contacteur sous vide avec des pièces de contact de CuCr et procédé pour la fabrication de tels pièces Expired EP0172411B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3428114 1984-07-30
DE3428114 1984-07-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0172411A1 true EP0172411A1 (fr) 1986-02-26
EP0172411B1 EP0172411B1 (fr) 1988-10-26

Family

ID=6241956

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85108917A Expired EP0172411B1 (fr) 1984-07-30 1985-07-16 Contacteur sous vide avec des pièces de contact de CuCr et procédé pour la fabrication de tels pièces

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4780582A (fr)
EP (1) EP0172411B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0677420B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3565907D1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0234246A1 (fr) * 1986-01-30 1987-09-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pièces de contact interrupteur pour appareils interrupteurs sous vide et procédé pour leur fabrication
EP0314981A1 (fr) * 1987-11-02 1989-05-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication de matériau à fondre contenant du cuivre, du chrome et au moins un composant volatil et électrode consommable utilisée dans ce procédé
WO1990015425A1 (fr) * 1989-05-31 1990-12-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN MATERIAU DE CONTACT AU CuCr POUR DES INTERRUPTEURS A VIDE, ET MATERIAU DE CONTACT CORRESPONDANT
DE3915155A1 (de) * 1989-05-09 1990-12-20 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von schmelzwerkstoffen aus kupfer, chrom und wenigstens einer sauerstoffaffinen komponente sowie abschmelzelektrode zur verwendung bei einem derartigen verfahren
EP0460680A2 (fr) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Contact pour un interrupteur à vide
EP0530437A1 (fr) * 1991-06-21 1993-03-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Matériau pour réaliser un contact pour disjoncteurs à vide et procédé pour sa fabrication
CN1057345C (zh) * 1998-10-08 2000-10-11 王英杰 铜基无银无镉低压电工触头合金材料
EP1130608A2 (fr) * 2000-03-04 2001-09-05 Metalor Contacts Deutschland GmbH Procédé pour la fabrication d'un matériau de contact pour pièces de contact pour interrupteurs sous vide, matériau de contact et pièces de contact
WO2006063989A1 (fr) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Systeme de blindage constitue d'un alliage de cuivre et de chrome produit par metallurgie de fusion
CN114515831A (zh) * 2022-03-16 2022-05-20 桂林金格电工电子材料科技有限公司 一种利用铜铬边料制备铜铬触头自耗电极的方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10318223A1 (de) * 2003-04-22 2004-12-02 Louis Renner Gmbh Kontaktstück aus Wolfram mit einer korrosionshemmenden Schicht aus Unedelmetall
DE102006021772B4 (de) * 2006-05-10 2009-02-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kupfer-Chrom-Kontakten für Vakuumschalter und zugehörige Schaltkontakte
CN100497685C (zh) * 2007-06-08 2009-06-10 东北大学 自蔓延熔铸-电渣重熔制备CuCr合金触头材料的方法
AT11814U1 (de) * 2010-08-03 2011-05-15 Plansee Powertech Ag Verfahren zum pulvermetallurgischen herstellen eines cu-cr-werkstoffs

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4048117A (en) * 1974-10-29 1977-09-13 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Vacuum switch contact materials
GB2066298A (en) * 1979-12-08 1981-07-08 Inst Prueffeld Elekt A method for the production of materials for contact members
GB2123852A (en) * 1982-07-19 1984-02-08 Gen Electric Electrode contacts for high current circuit interruption

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58115728A (ja) * 1981-12-28 1983-07-09 三菱電機株式会社 真空しや断器用接点
DE3303170A1 (de) * 1983-01-31 1984-08-02 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zum herstellen von kupfer-chrom-schmelzlegierungen als kontaktwerkstoff fuer vakuum-leistungsschalter
JPS6067634A (ja) * 1983-09-24 1985-04-18 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd 真空インタラプタの電極材料とその製造方法
US4553003A (en) * 1984-03-30 1985-11-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Cup type vacuum interrupter contact
EP0238967A1 (fr) * 1986-03-26 1987-09-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Disposition de contacts pour interrupteur sous vide à champ magnétique axial et méthode de fabrication des contacts assortis

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4048117A (en) * 1974-10-29 1977-09-13 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Vacuum switch contact materials
GB2066298A (en) * 1979-12-08 1981-07-08 Inst Prueffeld Elekt A method for the production of materials for contact members
GB2123852A (en) * 1982-07-19 1984-02-08 Gen Electric Electrode contacts for high current circuit interruption

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4749830A (en) * 1986-01-30 1988-06-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Contact pieces for vacuum switchgear, and method for the manufacture thereof
EP0234246A1 (fr) * 1986-01-30 1987-09-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pièces de contact interrupteur pour appareils interrupteurs sous vide et procédé pour leur fabrication
EP0314981A1 (fr) * 1987-11-02 1989-05-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication de matériau à fondre contenant du cuivre, du chrome et au moins un composant volatil et électrode consommable utilisée dans ce procédé
DE3915155A1 (de) * 1989-05-09 1990-12-20 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von schmelzwerkstoffen aus kupfer, chrom und wenigstens einer sauerstoffaffinen komponente sowie abschmelzelektrode zur verwendung bei einem derartigen verfahren
US5241745A (en) * 1989-05-31 1993-09-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing a CUCB contact material for vacuum contactors
WO1990015425A1 (fr) * 1989-05-31 1990-12-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN MATERIAU DE CONTACT AU CuCr POUR DES INTERRUPTEURS A VIDE, ET MATERIAU DE CONTACT CORRESPONDANT
EP0460680A2 (fr) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Contact pour un interrupteur à vide
EP0460680A3 (en) * 1990-06-07 1992-02-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Contact for a vacuum interrupter
US5246512A (en) * 1990-06-07 1993-09-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Contact for a vacuum interrupter
EP0530437A1 (fr) * 1991-06-21 1993-03-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Matériau pour réaliser un contact pour disjoncteurs à vide et procédé pour sa fabrication
US5354352A (en) * 1991-06-21 1994-10-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Contact material for vacuum circuit breakers
CN1057345C (zh) * 1998-10-08 2000-10-11 王英杰 铜基无银无镉低压电工触头合金材料
EP1130608A2 (fr) * 2000-03-04 2001-09-05 Metalor Contacts Deutschland GmbH Procédé pour la fabrication d'un matériau de contact pour pièces de contact pour interrupteurs sous vide, matériau de contact et pièces de contact
US6524525B2 (en) 2000-03-04 2003-02-25 Metalor Technologies International Sa Method for producing a contact material for contact pieces for vacuum switch devices, and a contact material and contact pieces therefor
EP1130608A3 (fr) * 2000-03-04 2003-09-03 Metalor Technologies International S.A. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un matériau de contact pour pièces de contact pour interrupteurs sous vide, matériau de contact et pièces de contact
WO2006063989A1 (fr) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Systeme de blindage constitue d'un alliage de cuivre et de chrome produit par metallurgie de fusion
DE102004061497A1 (de) * 2004-12-15 2006-07-06 Siemens Ag Aus einer schmelzmetallurgisch hergestellten Kupferchromlegierung bestehendes Schirmsystem
CN114515831A (zh) * 2022-03-16 2022-05-20 桂林金格电工电子材料科技有限公司 一种利用铜铬边料制备铜铬触头自耗电极的方法
CN114515831B (zh) * 2022-03-16 2024-04-26 桂林金格电工电子材料科技有限公司 一种利用铜铬边料制备铜铬触头自耗电极的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6142828A (ja) 1986-03-01
US4780582A (en) 1988-10-25
JPH0677420B2 (ja) 1994-09-28
DE3565907D1 (en) 1988-12-01
EP0172411B1 (fr) 1988-10-26

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