EP0170255A1 - Schlagzähe Polyprophylenzusammensetzungen mit Beständigkeit gegen Weisstrübung - Google Patents

Schlagzähe Polyprophylenzusammensetzungen mit Beständigkeit gegen Weisstrübung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0170255A1
EP0170255A1 EP85109575A EP85109575A EP0170255A1 EP 0170255 A1 EP0170255 A1 EP 0170255A1 EP 85109575 A EP85109575 A EP 85109575A EP 85109575 A EP85109575 A EP 85109575A EP 0170255 A1 EP0170255 A1 EP 0170255A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ethylene
weight
butene
fraction
propylene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85109575A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0170255B1 (de
Inventor
Guiliano Cecchin
Floriano Guglielmi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Himont Inc
Original Assignee
Himont Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Himont Inc filed Critical Himont Inc
Priority to AT85109575T priority Critical patent/ATE46353T1/de
Publication of EP0170255A1 publication Critical patent/EP0170255A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0170255B1 publication Critical patent/EP0170255B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
    • C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
    • C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08L23/12—Polypropene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing more than three carbon atoms
    • C08L23/0815—Copolymers of ethene with aliphatic 1-olefins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2314/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by way of preparation
    • C08L2314/02—Ziegler natta catalyst

Definitions

  • This invention relates to polypropylene compositions having improved impact resistance and whitening resistance characteristics.
  • the isotactic polypropylene though being endowed with an exceptional combination of excellent properties, is affected by the drawback of possessing an insufficient impact resistance at relatively low temperatures.
  • the modifications to the synthesis process essentially consist in introducing, after the homopolymerization step of propylene co isotactic polymer, one or more steps for the copolymerization of ethylene and propylene mixtures.
  • the impact resistance characteristics at low temperatures of the isotactic polypropylene can be improved by adding a rubber thereto, in particular an ethylene-propylene rubber (see for example US patent 3,627,852).
  • the products thus obtained are characterized . by an excellent balance of properties, in particular a high rigidity and resistance to impact even at relatively low temperatures.
  • Such materials however, though being particularly suitable for the manufacture of injection molded articles, exhibit a particularly serious drawback , as regards ------- the aesthetical characteristics of --------------- the manufactured articles.
  • These products are characterized by a low resistance to whitening if subjected to impact. Such phenomenon appears in the form of a whitish spot that forms around the impact-concerned area.
  • the object of the present invention consists of :
  • compositions are obtained by means of copolymerization processes comprising at least a homopolymerization step of propylene to stereoregular polymer and a subsequent copolymerization step of ethylene-butene-1 mixtures in the presence of Ziegler-Natta stereospecific catalysts prepared in particular from a titanium compound carried on a magnesium halide in the activated form.
  • the polymerization processes are conducted continuously or discontinuously according to conventional techniques by operating in the liquid phase either or not in the presence of an inert diluent,or in the gas phase or according to mixed liquid-gas techniques.
  • catalysts with a spheric morphology and a narrow particle size distribution in mixed polymerization processes, in which the homopolymerization of propylene is accomplished in a liquid monomer and the copolymerization of ethylene-butene-1 is accomplished in the gas phase.
  • the reactor is degassed in order to get a substantially complete removal of residual propylene.
  • “Substantial removal” means residual concentrations of propylene in the gas phase below 5% by mols with respect to the other monomers.
  • the physical-mechanical properties of the claimed compositions essentially depend on the amount and quality of the COpolymer.
  • the total polymerized ethylene content ranges from 5 to 30% by weight and the total polymerized butene-I content ranges from 2 to 15% by weight.
  • compositions herein described based on an ethylene--butene-I copolymeric phase, exhibit a surprising_improvement in the whitening resistance as compared with the compositions based on ethylene-propylene copolymers.
  • Amount and composition of the ethylene-butene--1 COpolymer are not critical as regards said characteristic, the latter depending on the M.F.R. of the product, especially below 1 g/10'.
  • the stress-whitening resistance values are constantly better than those of the corresponding compositions based on ethylene-propylene Copolymeric fractions, the other physical-mechanical properties being equal.
  • Table I and Table II respectively show the characteristics of the two steps of the process as well as the characteristics of the products obtained. The latter characteristics vary according to the variation in the amount and composition of the ethylene-butene-1 CQpolymer.
  • the resistance to whitening is determined by subjecting to the impact,caused by a ram having a pre--established weight, small discs prepared from the polymer being tested. Both the minimum height necessary to obtain the whitening (h), and the width of the whitening area at the maximum height allowed by the apparatus (0) are determined.
  • the tests were carried out in a stainless steel 22-1 autoclave, equipped with a helical magnetic stirrer running at about 90 rpm.
  • the gas phase was continuously analyzed by means of a process gaschromatograph.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
EP85109575A 1984-07-30 1985-07-30 Schlagzähe Polyprophylenzusammensetzungen mit Beständigkeit gegen Weisstrübung Expired EP0170255B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85109575T ATE46353T1 (de) 1984-07-30 1985-07-30 Schlagzaehe polyprophylenzusammensetzungen mit bestaendigkeit gegen weisstruebung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2212084 1984-07-30
IT8422120A IT1206128B (it) 1984-07-30 1984-07-30 Composizioni polipropileniche resistenti all'urto aventi migliorata resistenza allo sbiancamento.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0170255A1 true EP0170255A1 (de) 1986-02-05
EP0170255B1 EP0170255B1 (de) 1989-09-13

Family

ID=11191782

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85109575A Expired EP0170255B1 (de) 1984-07-30 1985-07-30 Schlagzähe Polyprophylenzusammensetzungen mit Beständigkeit gegen Weisstrübung

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4734459A (de)
EP (1) EP0170255B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0742366B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE46353T1 (de)
AU (1) AU582175B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1276350C (de)
DE (1) DE3572989D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8700294A1 (de)
IT (1) IT1206128B (de)
NO (1) NO166453C (de)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4812526A (en) * 1987-06-08 1989-03-14 Union Carbide Corporation Impact polypropylene
EP0339804A2 (de) * 1988-04-29 1989-11-02 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Modifiziertes Polypropylen, Verfahren zur Herstellung von Produkten daraus
EP0373660A2 (de) * 1988-12-14 1990-06-20 Montell North America Inc. Polypropylen-Zusammensetzungen, die gute Durchsichtigkeit und Schlagbeständigkeit haben
EP0400333A2 (de) * 1989-04-28 1990-12-05 Montell North America Inc. Thermoplastische elastomere Zusammensetzungen aus Polypropylen
EP0416379A2 (de) * 1989-08-23 1991-03-13 Montell North America Inc. Thermoplastisches Olefinpolymer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP0444671A2 (de) * 1990-02-28 1991-09-04 Montell North America Inc. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Propylenpolymerfilmen und Verbundstoffen und Produkte davon
EP0461883A2 (de) * 1990-06-13 1991-12-18 Shell Oil Company Polymerzusammensetzungen
EP0472946A2 (de) * 1990-08-01 1992-03-04 Montell North America Inc. Elastoplastische Polyolefinzusammensetzung
EP0477662A2 (de) * 1990-09-28 1992-04-01 Himont Incorporated Polyolefin-Filme
US5173536A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-12-22 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Impact polymer blend
EP0525767A1 (de) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-03 Himont Incorporated Verfahren zur Herstellung von LLDPE
WO1993006169A1 (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-04-01 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Plastomer compatibilized polyethylene/polypropylene blends
EP0556815A1 (de) * 1992-02-18 1993-08-25 Montell North America Inc. Hitzesiegelfähige Polyolefinzusammensetzungen
US5266392A (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-11-30 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Plastomer compatibilized polyethylene/polypropylene blends
EP0603723A1 (de) * 1992-12-15 1994-06-29 Montell North America Inc. Polypropylene Zusammensetzung mit guter Durchsichtigkeit und Schlagfestigkeit
EP0730003A1 (de) * 1995-02-03 1996-09-04 Tosoh Corporation Propylenharzzusammensetzung und daraus geformte Gegenstände
EP0663965B2 (de) † 1992-10-09 2000-07-12 Meraklon S.r.l. Weiche polypropylenfasern
US6166144A (en) * 1997-08-08 2000-12-26 Tosoh Corporation Polypropylene resin composition
US6441094B1 (en) 1999-09-14 2002-08-27 Baselltech Usa Inc. Impact resistant polyolefin compositions
US6586531B2 (en) 2000-10-04 2003-07-01 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.P.A. Polyolefin masterbatch and composition suitable for injection molding
US7381773B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2008-06-03 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.P.A. Clear and flexible propylene polymer compositions
US7572859B2 (en) 2002-06-26 2009-08-11 Basell Polyolefine Italia S.R.L. Impact-resistant polyolefin compositions
US7700690B2 (en) 2002-06-26 2010-04-20 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. Impact-resistant polyolefin compositions
WO2010149705A1 (en) 2009-06-26 2010-12-29 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. Polyolefin compositions
US8039540B2 (en) 2004-06-08 2011-10-18 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. Polyolefin composition having a high balance of stiffness, impact strength and elongation at break and low thermal shrinkage
US8058350B2 (en) 2003-11-06 2011-11-15 Basell Poliolefine Italia, s.r.l. Polypropylene composition
US8173747B2 (en) 2007-08-08 2012-05-08 Borealis Technology Oy Sterilisable and tough impact polypropylene composition
US8378028B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2013-02-19 Basell Poliolefine Italia, s.r.l. Polyolefin compositions
EP2583999A1 (de) 2011-10-20 2013-04-24 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. Polyolefinzusammensetzungen
US9290630B2 (en) 2006-11-23 2016-03-22 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. Polyolefin compositions
WO2020104145A1 (en) * 2018-11-23 2020-05-28 Borealis Ag Polypropylene composition with improved optical properties and whitening resistance

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US5093164A (en) * 1985-11-29 1992-03-03 Bauer Frank T Multiple layer packaging sheet material
US5137763A (en) * 1985-11-29 1992-08-11 American National Can Company Multiple layer packaging sheet material
US5011719A (en) * 1985-11-29 1991-04-30 American National Can Company Polymeric compositions and films
US4894266A (en) * 1987-08-05 1990-01-16 American National Can Company Multiple layer packaging sheet material
US5071686A (en) * 1985-11-29 1991-12-10 Genske Roger P Films of polypropylene blends and polyethylene blends and articles made therewith
US5002811A (en) * 1985-11-29 1991-03-26 American National Can Company Multiple layer packaging sheet material
KR920000173B1 (ko) * 1986-10-09 1992-01-09 미쓰이세끼유 가가꾸고오교오 가부시끼가이샤 저결정성 프로필렌계 랜덤 공중합체 조성물, 그 제조방법 및 폴리프로필렌 복합 적층체
DE3853810D1 (de) * 1987-11-25 1995-06-22 Shell Oil Co Propylenpolymere und Herstellung derselben.
DE4104637A1 (de) * 1990-02-16 1991-08-29 Bischoff Erhardt Gmbh Co Kg Katalysator fuer kraftfahrzeuge
US5342862A (en) * 1990-03-13 1994-08-30 Biolan Corporation Process for controlling the photodegradation of mulch film
US5250631A (en) * 1990-06-13 1993-10-05 Shell Oil Company Polymer compositions
US6270867B1 (en) 1993-06-24 2001-08-07 Pechiney Plastic Packaging, Inc. Structures of polymers made from single site catalysts
US5763534A (en) * 1994-08-25 1998-06-09 Solvay Engineered Polymers Thermoplastic polypropylene blends with mixtures of ethylene/butene and ethylene/octene copolymer elastomers
IT1270125B (it) * 1994-10-05 1997-04-28 Spherilene Srl Processo per la ( co) polimerizzazione di olefine
AU731426B2 (en) * 1996-06-24 2001-03-29 Montell North America Inc. High transparency and high flexibility elastoplastic polyolefin compositions
DE69817337T2 (de) 1997-04-17 2004-06-24 Chisso K.K. Polypropylenzusammensetzung sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung
US6197886B1 (en) 1997-10-24 2001-03-06 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Compositions containing impact copolymers made from a blend of a homopolymer phase and a rubber phase having a high ethylene content
US6107404A (en) * 1998-12-28 2000-08-22 Ford Motor Company Paintable, surface-damage resistant reactor grade thermoplastic olefin (TPO)
US6166139A (en) * 1998-12-28 2000-12-26 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Paintable, surface-damage resistant compounded grade thermoplastic olefin (TPO)
JP4130772B2 (ja) * 2001-01-10 2008-08-06 バーゼル・ポリオレフィン・イタリア・ソチエタ・ア・レスポンサビリタ・リミタータ ブロックコポリマーおよびその製造方法
US6831124B2 (en) 2001-04-18 2004-12-14 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Thermoplastic resin composition
JP2005533920A (ja) * 2002-07-24 2005-11-10 バセル ポリオレフィン ジーエムビーエイチ プロピレンポリマー組成物の製造の少なくとも２段階方法
US6953617B2 (en) * 2003-05-14 2005-10-11 Applied Extrusion Technologies, Inc. High OTR films made from homopolymer polypropylene and 1-butene/ethylene copolymer blends
WO2006067023A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-29 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. Polyolefinic compositions having good whitening resistance
CA2610030A1 (en) 2005-05-27 2006-11-30 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. Polyolefinic compositions having good whitening resistance
KR101632090B1 (ko) 2008-09-24 2016-06-20 바셀 폴리올레핀 이탈리아 에스.알.엘 양호한 백화 저항성을 갖는 폴리올레핀 조성물
WO2010081676A1 (en) 2009-01-13 2010-07-22 Basell Polyolefine Gmbh Polyethylene copolymers
CN102282207B (zh) 2009-01-13 2013-09-04 巴塞尔聚烯烃意大利有限责任公司 聚合物组合物
EP2592112A1 (de) 2011-11-11 2013-05-15 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. Polymerzusammensetzung für Stoßstangen und Innenräume und polyethylenbasierte Harzvorläufer
EP2592111A1 (de) 2011-11-11 2013-05-15 Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. Polymerzusammensetzung für Stoßstangen und Innenräume und polyethylenbasierte Harzvorläufer
US9115279B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-08-25 Asahi Kasei Plastics North America, Inc. Polypropylene compounds with high impact performance and improved stress whitening resistance
CN106674719B (zh) * 2015-11-06 2020-04-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种聚丙烯吹塑膜及其制备方法

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Cited By (56)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4812526A (en) * 1987-06-08 1989-03-14 Union Carbide Corporation Impact polypropylene
EP0339804A2 (de) * 1988-04-29 1989-11-02 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Modifiziertes Polypropylen, Verfahren zur Herstellung von Produkten daraus
EP0339804A3 (de) * 1988-04-29 1992-05-20 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Modifiziertes Polypropylen, Verfahren zur Herstellung von Produkten daraus
EP0373660A3 (de) * 1988-12-14 1991-09-25 Montell North America Inc. Polypropylen-Zusammensetzungen, die gute Durchsichtigkeit und Schlagbeständigkeit haben
EP0373660A2 (de) * 1988-12-14 1990-06-20 Montell North America Inc. Polypropylen-Zusammensetzungen, die gute Durchsichtigkeit und Schlagbeständigkeit haben
US5298561A (en) * 1988-12-14 1994-03-29 Himont Incorporated Propylene polymer composition having good transparency and improved impact resistance
EP0400333A2 (de) * 1989-04-28 1990-12-05 Montell North America Inc. Thermoplastische elastomere Zusammensetzungen aus Polypropylen
EP0400333A3 (de) * 1989-04-28 1991-09-25 Montell North America Inc. Thermoplastische elastomere Zusammensetzungen aus Polypropylen
US5302454A (en) * 1989-04-28 1994-04-12 Himont Incorporated Plasto-elastic polypropylene compositions
EP0416379A3 (en) * 1989-08-23 1991-09-25 Himont Incorporated Thermoplastic olefin polymer and method of preparing same
EP0416379A2 (de) * 1989-08-23 1991-03-13 Montell North America Inc. Thermoplastisches Olefinpolymer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP0444671A3 (en) * 1990-02-28 1991-09-25 Himont Inc Process for the production of propylene polymer films and laminates and products thus obtained
US5286552A (en) * 1990-02-28 1994-02-15 Himont Incorporated Process for the production of propylene polymer films and laminates and products thus obtained
EP0444671A2 (de) * 1990-02-28 1991-09-04 Montell North America Inc. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Propylenpolymerfilmen und Verbundstoffen und Produkte davon
EP0461883A2 (de) * 1990-06-13 1991-12-18 Shell Oil Company Polymerzusammensetzungen
EP0461883A3 (en) * 1990-06-13 1992-03-04 Shell Oil Company Polymer compositions
EP0472946A3 (en) * 1990-08-01 1992-04-08 Himont Incorporated Elastoplastic polyolefin compositions
EP0472946A2 (de) * 1990-08-01 1992-03-04 Montell North America Inc. Elastoplastische Polyolefinzusammensetzung
EP0477662A3 (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-04-15 Himont Incorporated Olefin polymer films
CN1066395C (zh) * 1990-09-28 2001-05-30 蒙岱尔北美股份有限公司 含有烯烃聚合物组合物的膜材料的片材制品
EP0477662A2 (de) * 1990-09-28 1992-04-01 Himont Incorporated Polyolefin-Filme
AU653550B2 (en) * 1990-09-28 1994-10-06 Montell North America Inc. Olefin polymer films
US5173536A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-12-22 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Impact polymer blend
US5387749A (en) * 1991-07-31 1995-02-07 Himont Incorporated Process for the preparation of linear low density polyethylene
CN1040986C (zh) * 1991-07-31 1998-12-02 蒙特尔北美公司 线型低密度聚乙烯的制备方法
CN1080269C (zh) * 1991-07-31 2002-03-06 蒙特尔北美公司 线型低密度聚乙烯的制备方法
EP0525767A1 (de) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-03 Himont Incorporated Verfahren zur Herstellung von LLDPE
WO1993003078A1 (en) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-18 Himont Incorporated Process for the preparation of linear low density polyethylene
WO1993006169A1 (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-04-01 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Plastomer compatibilized polyethylene/polypropylene blends
US5266392A (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-11-30 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Plastomer compatibilized polyethylene/polypropylene blends
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AU582175B2 (en) 1989-03-16
EP0170255B1 (de) 1989-09-13
IT1206128B (it) 1989-04-14
NO852996L (no) 1986-01-31
ATE46353T1 (de) 1989-09-15
JPS6142553A (ja) 1986-03-01
ES8700294A1 (es) 1986-10-01
ES545638A0 (es) 1986-10-01
US4734459A (en) 1988-03-29
CA1276350C (en) 1990-11-13
AU4555885A (en) 1986-02-06
IT8422120A0 (it) 1984-07-30
NO166453C (no) 1991-07-31
DE3572989D1 (en) 1989-10-19
NO166453B (no) 1991-04-15
JPH0742366B2 (ja) 1995-05-10

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