EP0167552B1 - Movable apparatus for driving into the ground various objects by percussion - Google Patents

Movable apparatus for driving into the ground various objects by percussion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0167552B1
EP0167552B1 EP85900138A EP85900138A EP0167552B1 EP 0167552 B1 EP0167552 B1 EP 0167552B1 EP 85900138 A EP85900138 A EP 85900138A EP 85900138 A EP85900138 A EP 85900138A EP 0167552 B1 EP0167552 B1 EP 0167552B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
cable
pulley
parts
arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85900138A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0167552A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Moraly
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT85900138T priority Critical patent/ATE32361T1/en
Publication of EP0167552A1 publication Critical patent/EP0167552A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/26—Devices for erecting or removing fences
    • E04H17/261—Devices for erecting or removing fences for post and wire handling
    • E04H17/263—Devices for erecting or removing fences for post and wire handling for erecting posts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
    • E02D13/04—Guide devices; Guide frames
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/08—Drop drivers with free-falling hammer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2207—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
    • E04H12/2215—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mobile device for driving into the ground, by percussion, of various objects and, in particular, of dowels intended for fixing posts or stakes.
  • the mass can strike, directly or indirectly, the object which one wishes to push in and which one has previously disposed at the right of the lower end of the pendulum element.
  • a first problem results from the fact that as the element is pushed in, the point of impact of the mass moves downwards. Consequently, provision should be made for permanently adapting the travel of the mass and, consequently, its guidance, to the level of insertion of the object to be inserted. It should be noted in this regard that a possible solution to solve this problem may consist in using a pendular element of tubular shape whose inner surface is used for guiding the mass and to introduce initially, in the lower part of this tubular element, the object to be pushed in. Thus, during insertion, the part of the object protruding outside the ground remains inside the tubular element and is guided, permanently, in the volume of passage of the mass.
  • this solution has the drawback of limiting the shape of the objects to be inserted, to the dimensions of the interior volume of the pendulum element.
  • it is subject to frequent jamming, by deformation of the objects to be inserted, inside the pendulum element, under the effect of shocks, in particular in the case of hard ground.
  • the invention therefore firstly aims to eliminate these drawbacks. To this end, it offers a longitudinally extendable pendulum element the length of which adapts permanently to the height of the object during its insertion, and which ensures perfect continuity in guiding the mass whatever this length.
  • this pendulum element comprises a tubular structure, longitudinally divided into two parts each having at least two guide surfaces of two opposite zones of the mass so as to be able to ensure alone the longitudinal guidance of the mass, the surfaces guide one of the parts being angularly offset from those of the other part, and connecting means of these two parts with free longitudinal sliding of one of the parts relative to the other.
  • the above pendulum element and said mass have a section in the form of a quadrilateral.
  • each of the two parts constituting the tubular element comprises two parallel sections in the form of angle iron, of concavity facing each other.
  • the opposite internal faces of these two sections are spaced from each other by a length substantially equal to that of one side of said quadrilateral.
  • the profiles of each of these two parts are fixed to each other by their ends by means of two fixing devices, at least one of which consists of a tubular section of inner section in the form of a quadrilateral comprising internal walls which have two opposite angular regions on which the external faces of said profiles are applied and fixed, and two angular guide regions.
  • the assembly of the two parts of the pendulum element is then carried out so that the profiles of one of said parts pass through the tubular section of the other part and are guided by the angular guide regions of this tubular section. and vice versa.
  • the pendulum element is connected, by its upper end, to the structure of the device by means of a mechanical gimbal connection integral with one of the above-mentioned parts so as to allow free swinging of the pendulum element in two perpendicular directions.
  • the lower end of the tubular element may include means for longitudinally guiding a driving-in tool and for guiding dowels with a central sheath intended for fixing in the ground posts or stakes and a type similar to those which are described in FR-A-2 422 793 and FR-A-2 453 964 for: "Anchor intended for the fixing in the ground of posts or stakes and device serving for the insertion of this ankle" , deposited in the name of the Applicant, these guide means being provided so that the mass comes into collision at the end of the stroke the upper end of the driving tool.
  • the mass can also comprise, fixed on its lower face, a pile-shaped part substantially coaxial with the pendulum element.
  • This piece can advantageously have a length slightly greater than that of said dowel so as to permanently produce, during the insertion of the dowel, a pilot hole.
  • the lower end of the tubular element may include means allowing the head of the dowel to be held in position, these means equipping the lower end of the part of the tubular element which is not connected. to the aforesaid mechanical cardanic connection.
  • Another problem which the invention aims to solve relates to the development of a kinematic chain intended for driving the mass and which is adapted to the pendulum element previously described.
  • the mechanical universal joint can include a first substantially U-shaped yoke, that is to say comprising a core from which two parallel wings extend.
  • a first substantially U-shaped yoke that is to say comprising a core from which two parallel wings extend.
  • On the soul of this yoke is fixed an axis which extends parallel to the two wings, in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the yoke and which comprises two parts projecting beyond the yoke, on either side of it.
  • These two projecting parts are rotatably mounted in two respective bearings integral with the structure of the device.
  • This mechanical gimbal connection involves, at the upper part of the pendulum element and integral with one of said parts, a yoke structure comprising two parallel wings provided with two respective coaxial bores in which the above trunnions engage.
  • the cable drive device consists of a rotary arm pivotally mounted by one of its ends on the structure of the device and driven in rotation from a motor, via a freewheeling type transmission device.
  • This rotary arm carries, at its other end, a pulley mounted idly around an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of said arm.
  • the cable which is fixed by one of its ends to the mass, passes through the pulley of the mechanical gimbal connection, is guided by the guide pulley, then passes around the pulley of said arm then returns substantially parallel to itself and is fixed, by its other end, to a fixed point of the structure.
  • the mobile structure of the device is mounted on three rolling means on the ground arranged in a triangle and each equipped with a device for adjusting the height of the structure.
  • the movable apparatus for the insertion into the ground of various objects comprises first of all a support structure 1 of tripod type, the feet of which extend along the edges of a volume in the form of a pyramid.
  • two of the legs of this structure each consist of a profiled beam 2, 3 while the third leg is constituted by two parallel beams 4, 5 slightly spaced from one another.
  • a plate 17 on the lower face of which is suspended by means of a mechanical gimbal connection of the type shown in FIG. 3, a pendulum element 18 such as that of FIG. 2, inside which a mass 19 slides.
  • This mass 19 is connected to a cable 20 which passes inside the tubular element 18 then in the mechanical gimbal connection 21 then in a drive device 22 mounted on the two beams 4, 5 of the structure, of which the principle will be described with reference to FIG. 4.
  • This drive device 22 is itself driven by a geared motor group carried by the two beams 4,5.
  • the engine of this group can advantageously consist of an internal combustion engine. However, in the example shown, it consists of an electric motor 23 powered by a generator 23 'suspended on a gimbal so as to maintain a constant oil level guaranteeing the longevity of the group.
  • the assembly of the two parts 24 and 25 of the tubular element 18 is produced in such a way that the sections 26, 27 of the part 24 pass through the tubular section 38 of the part 25 and are guided by the angular guide regions. 42, 43 of this tubular section 38 and, conversely, the profiles 36, 37 of the part 25 pass through the tubular section 33 of the part 24 and are guided by the angular guide regions 35 of this tubular section 33.
  • the mass 19 which descends in free fall in the pendulum element is raised by a cable 20 which passes through the mechanical gimbal connection 21, so that it always remains in the longitudinal central axis of the pendulum element 18.
  • the mechanical cardanic connection comprises first of all, as shown in FIG. 3, a U-shaped clevis joint 50 on the core of which are fixed two coaxial pins 51 extending in the plane longitudinal symmetry of the yoke. These two pins 51 are mounted in two respective bearings 52, 53 fixed on the plate 17 located at the upper part of the supporting structure 1.
  • the two wings of this yoke 50 also include two coaxial holes 54 inside which is mounted the axis of rotation 55 of a pulley 56 housed inside the yoke 50 and two coaxial journals 57, 58 respectively fixed on the two outer faces of the two wings of the yoke 50.
  • the axis of these two pins 57, 58 is located at a distance from the axis of rotation 55 of the pulley 56, substantially equal to the radius of the pulley 56 and in a plane parallel to the web of the yoke 50, passing by the axis of the pins 57, 58.
  • the cable drive device 20 consists of at least one arm 60 rotatably mounted by one end on one of the two parallel beams 4, 5 of the structure 1 of the device and on which is rotatably mounted, at the other end, a pulley 61.
  • This arm 60 is rotated from the gear motor 23 by a freewheel transmission system.
  • the arm 60 is mounted idly on an axis 62 on which is also rotatably mounted a second arm 63 driven in rotation by the geared motor group 23 by means of a chain transmission 64 and sprockets 65 ( figure 1 ).
  • This second arm 63 comprises a stop 66 extending projecting into the passage volume of the first arm 60 so as to be able to drive the latter in rotation in one direction.
  • the cable 20 which is fixed by one of its ends to the mass 19, passes over the pulley 56 of the gimbal mechanical connection 21, is guided at the entry of this connection by a pulley of guide 67, then passes around the pulley 61 of the first arm 60 and then returns parallel to itself to come and fix itself at a fixed point of the structure or wind on a drum 68 intended to adjust the length of the cable 20.
  • the mass 19 being at the low point of its stroke inside the pendulum element 18, the first arm 60 is in the high position and is rotated by the second arm 63, the resistive torque exerted by the cable 20 under the effect of the mass 19 on the pulley 61 acting in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation exerted by the arm 63.
  • the direction of the resisting torque is reversed with respect to the direction of rotation of the arm 63 and the first arm 60 disengages from the stop 66 and is rotated by the cable 20 at an angular speed greater than that of the second arm 63.
  • the mass 19 then falls in free fall, strikes the driving-in tool or the dowel located at the end of the pendulum element and stops at the end of the stroke. A few moments later, the first arm 60 is again driven by the second arm 63 and a new cycle begins again.
  • the previously described device could advantageously include a device allowing the cable 20 to be kept under permanent tension.
  • a device can conventionally involve a tension spring between the fixed point and the cable as well as a system stop. It could also consist of a counterweight mounted on the cable 20 by means of a muffle.
  • the device could possibly comprise, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, two arms 60, 60 ′ rotatably mounted by one of their ends on the parallel beams 4, 5 and joined at the other end by a pulley 61, the space between the two arms 60, 60 'being cleared to allow the passage of the cable 20 during rotation.
  • the pulley 61 can be equipped, as shown in FIG. 4a, with a holding device comprising two flanges parallel lateral rotatably mounted about the axis of the pulley 61 and extending on either side thereof. These two flanges are joined to each other by means of a massive piece constituting a ballast which tends to bring the two flanges back to the vertical position.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can be used for anchoring, in the ground, dowels 70 comprising a rigid part advantageously composed of metal plates shaped as fins 71, said rigid part forming a sheath 72 intended to receive, once the dowel 70 has been driven into the ground, the base of a post or stake.
  • the driving in of these pins can advantageously be carried out by means of a driving tool comprising a rigid elongated body 73 having at least, in its lower part, the shape of a false pile of length slightly greater than that of the ankle and, at the upper end of this false pile, a shouldered portion 74 intended to transmit a driving force on the upper face of the ankles.
  • the driving tool is incorporated into the mass 19 and simply consists of a false pile 76 mounted on the underside of the mass.
  • the mass comes directly to bear on the upper face of the pins and the pendulum element 18 comprises, at its lower part, means for centering said pins.
  • the driving tool comprises, in addition to the false pile 73 and the shouldered portion 74 for driving the pins 70, a rod 77 mounted axially sliding in a bearing 78 provided at the lower end of the pendulum element 18 and on the head of which comes the mass 19.
  • the head 80 of the rod 77 may have a rounded shape and the underside of the mass 19 may include a central recess 81 in which said rounded shape of the head 80 of the rod 77 can engage. arrangement thus allows good centering of the rod 77 during the impact of the mass 19.
  • means can be provided for securing the head 80 of the rod 77 to the mass 19, so as to facilitate the extraction of the driving tool, once the pin 70 is pressed.
  • these fixing means consist of a key or a pin 80 'in the shape of a U engaging in a groove 82, 84 formed in the head 80 of the rod 77 and in the recess 81. This arrangement consequently allows the lifting of the bottom of the pendulum element.
  • the device can comprise, for its traction, a winch 100 centered parallel to the axis of the wheels 8, 10, 13, 14 and suitably centered, so as to obtain an advance of the device in a precise determined direction. even in very steep or swampy areas.
  • This winch can be fitted with a tachometer allowing the automatic calculation of the intervals between each sinking operation in the ground by the tool.
  • the gear motor group 23 may consist of an internal combustion engine 101 with gearbox 102, possibly automatic, differential 103 and centrifugal clutch.
  • one of the sides of the differential can be coupled to the aforesaid second arm 63 for lifting the mass, the other side being used to actuate the winch 100. It then suffices to block one of the sides of the differential to the other is operational and accelerate or slow the engine to start the differential or stop everything.
  • the stroke of the mass can be increased inside the pendulum element by acting on the height of the ground support points of the structure 1 in the manner previously indicated. It is also possible to reduce the weight of the mass 19 by placing in the pendulum element 18 a compression spring 90 at a level corresponding to the high position of the mass 19. This spring 90 then has the effect of projecting the mass 19 downwards and considerably increase the impacts without having to modify the weight of the mass 19.
  • it may include safety grids surrounding the pendulum element 18 and fixed on the tubular sections 33, 38, so as to prevent any access to the voids which occur when the pendulum element 18 is developing.
  • the device for holding the pin 70 down on the ground comprises a support piece 105 on the pin on the ground, held by rods 106 slidably mounted on the pendulum element 18 and which can be blocked for example by means of clamping screws on the upper part 24 of the pendulum element 18.

Abstract

A mobile apparatus for driving different objects into the ground by impact, comprising a carrier structure supporting a swinging element along which slides a mass whose movements are controlled by a cable. The swinging element has a tubular structure divided longitudinally into two parts each comprising at least two surfaces for guiding two opposite zones of said mass so as to be able to provide alone longitudinal guiding of said mass and means for connecting these two parts together with free longitudinal sliding of one of the parts with respect to the other.

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil mobile pour l'enfoncement dans le sol, par percussion, d'objets divers et, en particulier, de chevilles destinées à la fixation de poteaux ou de piquets.The present invention relates to a mobile device for driving into the ground, by percussion, of various objects and, in particular, of dowels intended for fixing posts or stakes.

Elle a plus particulièrement pour objet un appareil du type (voir, par exemple, US-A-2 950 603) comprenant une structure porteuse destinée à supporter un élément pendulaire le long duquel coulisse une masse dont les déplacements sont assurés par un câble relié à un dispositif d'entraînement présentant un cycle de fonctionnemént en deux temps, à savoir :

  • - un premier temps au cours duquel le dispositif d'entraînement élève la masse au niveau de la partie supérieure de l'élément pendulaire, et
  • - un deuxième temps au cours duquel le dispositif d'entraînement interrompt son effort de traction et se met en roue libre, de sorte qu'il laisse chuter la masse sous l'effet de son propre poids.
It relates more particularly to a device of the type (see, for example, US-A-2,950,603) comprising a support structure intended to support a pendulum element along which slides a mass whose movements are ensured by a cable connected to a drive device having a two-stage operating cycle, namely:
  • - a first stage during which the drive device lifts the mass at the level of the upper part of the pendulum element, and
  • - A second stage during which the drive device interrupts its traction force and sets freewheeling, so that it lets the mass fall under the effect of its own weight.

Ainsi, a la fin de sa chute, la masse peut venir percuter, directement ou indirectement, l'objet que l'on désire enfoncer et que l'on a préalablement disposé au droit de l'extrémité inférieure de l'élément pendulaire.Thus, at the end of its fall, the mass can strike, directly or indirectly, the object which one wishes to push in and which one has previously disposed at the right of the lower end of the pendulum element.

Il s'avère que la réalisation d'un appareil de ce genre implique la résolution de nombreux problèmes.It turns out that making a device like this involves solving many problems.

Un premier problème résulte du fait qu'au fur et à mesure de l'enfoncement de l'élément, le point d'impact de la masse se déplace vers le bas. En conséquence, il convient de prévoir une disposition permettant d'adapter en permanence la course de la masse et, en conséquence, son guidage, au niveau d'enfoncement de l'objet à enfoncer. Il convient de noter à ce sujet qu'une solution envisageable pour résoudre ce problème peut consister à utiliser un élément pendulaire de forme tubulaire dont la surface intérieure sert au guidage de la masse et à introduire initialement, dans la partie inférieure de cet élément tubulaire, l'objet à enfoncer. Ainsi, au cours de l'enfoncement, la partie de l'objet dépassant à l'extérieur du sol demeure à l'intérieur de l'élément tubulaire et est guidée, en permanence, dans le volume de passage de la masse.A first problem results from the fact that as the element is pushed in, the point of impact of the mass moves downwards. Consequently, provision should be made for permanently adapting the travel of the mass and, consequently, its guidance, to the level of insertion of the object to be inserted. It should be noted in this regard that a possible solution to solve this problem may consist in using a pendular element of tubular shape whose inner surface is used for guiding the mass and to introduce initially, in the lower part of this tubular element, the object to be pushed in. Thus, during insertion, the part of the object protruding outside the ground remains inside the tubular element and is guided, permanently, in the volume of passage of the mass.

Toutefois, cette solution présente l'inconvénient de limiter la forme des objets à enfoncer, aux dimensions du volume intérieur de l'élément pendulaire. En outre, elle est sujette à de fréquents coincements, par déformation des objets à enfoncer, à l'intérieur de l'élément pendulaire, sous l'effet des chocs, en particulier dans le cas d'un sol dur.However, this solution has the drawback of limiting the shape of the objects to be inserted, to the dimensions of the interior volume of the pendulum element. In addition, it is subject to frequent jamming, by deformation of the objects to be inserted, inside the pendulum element, under the effect of shocks, in particular in the case of hard ground.

L'invention a donc tout d'abord pour but de supprimer ces inconvénients. A cet effet, elle propose un élément pendulaire longitudinalement extensible dont la longueur s'adapte en permanence à la hauteur de l'objet au cours de son enfoncement, et qui assure une parfaite continuité du guidage de la masse quelle que soit cette longueur.The invention therefore firstly aims to eliminate these drawbacks. To this end, it offers a longitudinally extendable pendulum element the length of which adapts permanently to the height of the object during its insertion, and which ensures perfect continuity in guiding the mass whatever this length.

Selon l'invention, cet élément pendulaire comprend une structure tubulaire, longitudinalement divisée en deux parties présentant chacune au moins deux surfaces de guidage de deux zones opposées de la masse de manière à pouvoir assurer à elles seules le guidage longitudinal de la masse, les surfaces de guidage de l'une des parties étant décalées angulairement par rapport à celles de l'autre partie, et des moyens de liaison de ces deux parties avec libre coulissement longitudinal de l'une des parties par rapport à l'autre.According to the invention, this pendulum element comprises a tubular structure, longitudinally divided into two parts each having at least two guide surfaces of two opposite zones of the mass so as to be able to ensure alone the longitudinal guidance of the mass, the surfaces guide one of the parts being angularly offset from those of the other part, and connecting means of these two parts with free longitudinal sliding of one of the parts relative to the other.

Selon un mode d'exécution particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, le susdit élément pendulaire ainsi que ladite masse présentent une section en forme de quadrilatère. Dans ce cas, chacune des deux parties constituant l'élément tubulaire comprend deux profilés parallèles en forme de cornière, de concavité mutuellement en regard. Les faces internes opposées de ces deux profilés sont distantes l'une de l'autre d'une longueur sensiblement égale à celle d'un côté dudit quadrilatère. Par ailleurs, les profilés de chacune de ces deux parties sont fixés l'un à l'autre par leurs extrémités au moyen de deux dispositifs de fixation dont au moins l'un consiste en un tronçon tubulaire de section intérieure en forme de quadrilatère comportant des parois internes qui présentent deux régions angulaires opposées sur lesquelles sont appliquées et fixées les faces externes desdits profilés, et deux régions angulaires de guidage.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the above pendulum element and said mass have a section in the form of a quadrilateral. In this case, each of the two parts constituting the tubular element comprises two parallel sections in the form of angle iron, of concavity facing each other. The opposite internal faces of these two sections are spaced from each other by a length substantially equal to that of one side of said quadrilateral. Furthermore, the profiles of each of these two parts are fixed to each other by their ends by means of two fixing devices, at least one of which consists of a tubular section of inner section in the form of a quadrilateral comprising internal walls which have two opposite angular regions on which the external faces of said profiles are applied and fixed, and two angular guide regions.

L'assemblage des deux parties de l'élément pendulaire est alors réalisé de telle sorte que les profilés de l'une desdites parties passent au travers du tronçon tubulaire de l'autre partie et sont guidées par les régions angulaires de guidage de ce tronçon tubulaire et inversement.The assembly of the two parts of the pendulum element is then carried out so that the profiles of one of said parts pass through the tubular section of the other part and are guided by the angular guide regions of this tubular section. and vice versa.

Selon un mode d'exécution préféré l'invention, l'élément pendulaire est relié, par son extrémité supérieure, à la structure de l'appareil au moyen d'une liaison mécanique à cardan solidaire de l'une des susdites parties de manière à permettre une libre oscillation de l'élément pendulaire selon deux directions perpendiculaires.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pendulum element is connected, by its upper end, to the structure of the device by means of a mechanical gimbal connection integral with one of the above-mentioned parts so as to allow free swinging of the pendulum element in two perpendicular directions.

Par ailleurs, l'extrémité inférieure de l'élément tubulaire peut comprendre des moyens de guidage longitudinal d'un outil d'enfoncement et de guidage de chevilles à fourreau central destinées à la fixation dans le sol de poteaux ou de piquets et d'un type similaire à celles qui se trouvent décrites dans FR-A-2 422 793 et FR-A-2 453 964 pour : "Cheville destinée à la fixation dans le sol de poteaux ou piquets et dispositif servant à l'enfoncement de cette cheville", déposés au nom du Demandeur, ces moyens de guidage étant prévus de telle sorte que la masse vienne percuter en fin de course l'extrémité supérieure de l'outil d'enfoncement.Furthermore, the lower end of the tubular element may include means for longitudinally guiding a driving-in tool and for guiding dowels with a central sheath intended for fixing in the ground posts or stakes and a type similar to those which are described in FR-A-2 422 793 and FR-A-2 453 964 for: "Anchor intended for the fixing in the ground of posts or stakes and device serving for the insertion of this ankle" , deposited in the name of the Applicant, these guide means being provided so that the mass comes into collision at the end of the stroke the upper end of the driving tool.

Selon un autre mode d'exécution de l'invention, la masse peut également comprendre, fixée sur sa face inférieure, une pièce en forme de pieu sensiblement coaxiale à l'élément pendulaire. Cette pièce peut avantageusement présenter une longueur légèrement supérieure à celle de ladite cheville de manière à réaliser en permanence, au cours de l'enfoncement de la cheville, un avant trou. Dans ce cas, l'extrémité inférieure de l'élément tubulaire peut comprendre des moyens permettant le maintien en position de la tête de la cheville, ces moyens équipant l'extrémité inférieure de la partie de l'élément tubulaire qui ne se trouve pas reliée à la susdite liaison mécanique à cardan.According to another embodiment of the invention, the mass can also comprise, fixed on its lower face, a pile-shaped part substantially coaxial with the pendulum element. This piece can advantageously have a length slightly greater than that of said dowel so as to permanently produce, during the insertion of the dowel, a pilot hole. In this case, the lower end of the tubular element may include means allowing the head of the dowel to be held in position, these means equipping the lower end of the part of the tubular element which is not connected. to the aforesaid mechanical cardanic connection.

Un autre problème que vise à résoudre l'invention a trait à l'élaboration d'une chaîne cinématique destinée à l'entraînement de la masse et qui soit adaptée à l'élément pendulaire précédemment décrit.Another problem which the invention aims to solve relates to the development of a kinematic chain intended for driving the mass and which is adapted to the pendulum element previously described.

Ainsi, selon un mode d'exécution préféré de l'invention, l'entraînement de la masse à l'intérieur de l'élément pendulaire est réalisé au moyen d'un câble actionné par un dispositif d'entraînement monté sur la structure de l'appareil et qui passe, au moyen d'un système de poulies de renvoi, à l'intérieur de la susdite liaison mécanique à cardan.Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the drive of the mass inside the pendulum element is carried out by means of a cable actuated by a drive device mounted on the structure of the 'apparatus and which passes, by means of a system of deflection pulleys, inside the aforesaid mechanical connection with cardan.

A cet effet, la liaison mécanique à cardan peut comprendre une première chape sensiblement en forme de U, c'est-à-dire comportant une âme de laquelle partent deux ailes parallèles. Sur l'âme de cette chape se trouve fixé un axe qui s'étend parallèlement aux deux ailes, dans le plan longitudinal de symétrie de la chape et qui comprend deux parties en saillie au-delà de la chape, de part et d'autre de celle-ci. Ces deux parties en saillie sont montées rotatives dans deux paliers respectifs solidaires de la structure de l'appareil.To this end, the mechanical universal joint can include a first substantially U-shaped yoke, that is to say comprising a core from which two parallel wings extend. On the soul of this yoke is fixed an axis which extends parallel to the two wings, in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the yoke and which comprises two parts projecting beyond the yoke, on either side of it. These two projecting parts are rotatably mounted in two respective bearings integral with the structure of the device.

Par ailleurs, les deux ailes de cette première chape comprennent :

  • - d'une part, deux perçages coaxiaux à l'intérieur desquels est monté l'axe de rotation d'une poulie logée à l'intérieur de la chape qui suit, par conséquent, les mouvements de l'élément pendulaire, et
  • - d'autre part, deux tourillons coaxiaux respectivement fixés sur les faces extérieures des deux ailes de la chape, l'axe de ces deux tourillons étant situé à une distance de l'axe de rotation de la poulie, sensiblement égale au rayon de ladite poulie, et dans un plan parallèle à l'âme de la chape et passant par l'axe de ladite poulie.
Furthermore, the two wings of this first screed include:
  • on the one hand, two coaxial bores inside which is mounted the axis of rotation of a pulley housed inside the yoke which consequently follows the movements of the pendulum element, and
  • - on the other hand, two coaxial pins respectively fixed on the outer faces of the two wings of the yoke, the axis of these two pins being located at a distance from the axis of rotation of the pulley, substantially equal to the radius of said pulley, and in a plane parallel to the web of the yoke and passing through the axis of said pulley.

Cette liaison mécanique à cardan fait intervenir, à la partie supérieure de l'élément pendulaire et solidaire de l'une desdites parties, une structure de chape comprenant deux ailes parallèles munies de deux perçages coaxiaux respectifs dans lesquels viennent s'engager les susdits tourillons.This mechanical gimbal connection involves, at the upper part of the pendulum element and integral with one of said parts, a yoke structure comprising two parallel wings provided with two respective coaxial bores in which the above trunnions engage.

Elle doit en outre comprendre au moins une poulie de guidage montée rotative sur la structure mobile de l'appareil pour assurer le guidage du câble à l'entrée de la liaison mécanique à cardan.It must also include at least one guide pulley rotatably mounted on the mobile structure of the device to guide the cable to the entrance of the mechanical gimbal connection.

Selon un mode d'exécution préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'entraînement du câble se compose d'un bras rotatif monté pivotant par l'une de ses extrémitées sur la structure de l'appareil et entraîné en rotation à partir d'un moteur, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de transmission de type à roue libre. Ce bras rotatif porte, à son autre extrémité, une poulie montée folle autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation dudit bras. Selon ce dispositif, le câble qui se trouve fixé par l'une de ses extrémités à la masse, passe par la poulie de la liaison mécanique à cardan, se trouve guidé par la poulie de guidage, passe ensuite autour de la poulie dudit bras puis revient sensiblement parallèlement à lui-même et est fixé, par son autre extrémité, à un point fixe de la structure. Le fonctionnement de ce dispositif sera plus particulièrement décrit ci-après en regard des dessins.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cable drive device consists of a rotary arm pivotally mounted by one of its ends on the structure of the device and driven in rotation from a motor, via a freewheeling type transmission device. This rotary arm carries, at its other end, a pulley mounted idly around an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of said arm. According to this device, the cable which is fixed by one of its ends to the mass, passes through the pulley of the mechanical gimbal connection, is guided by the guide pulley, then passes around the pulley of said arm then returns substantially parallel to itself and is fixed, by its other end, to a fixed point of the structure. The operation of this device will be more particularly described below with reference to the drawings.

Selon un mode d'exécution particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, la structure mobile de l'appareil se trouve montée sur trois moyens de roulement au sol disposés en triangle et équipés chacun d'un dispositif de réglage en hauteur de la structure.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mobile structure of the device is mounted on three rolling means on the ground arranged in a triangle and each equipped with a device for adjusting the height of the structure.

Des modes de réalisation de l'invention seront décrits ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, avec référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective schématique d'un appareil selon l'invention en version électrique.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en perspective schématique de l'élément pendulaire utilisé dans l'appareil représenté figure 1.
  • Les figures 2a, 2b et 2c sont des vues illustrant le principe de l'élément pendulaire représenté figure 2, cet élément pendulaire étant en position déployée figure 2a, en position rétractée figure 2b et en coupe transversale figure 2c.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en perspective schématique du dispositif de liaison mécanique à cardan reliant l'élément pendulaire de la figure 2 à la structure support de l'appareil de la figure 1.
  • La figure 4 est une représentation schématique de la chaîne cinématique d'entraînement de la masse coulissant dans l'élément pendulaire représenté figure 2.
  • La figure 4a représente un dispositif de maintien du câble sur la poulie de traction afin de l'empêcher de sauter au moment de la chute libre de la masse.
  • La figure 4b est une coupe schématique permettant d'illustrer le fonctionnement de la chaîne cinématique de la figure 4.
  • Les figures 5 et 6 sont deux coupes longitudinales de l'extrémité inférieure de l'élément pendulaire permettant d'illustrer deux modes d'exécution possibles de l'outil d'enfoncement et de guidage de chevilles à fourreau central.
  • La figure 7 est un schéma théorique d'un mode de réalisation d'un appareil utilisant un moteur à explosion.
  • La figure 8 représente, en perspective, la partie basse d'un élément pendulaire équipé d'un dispositif de maintien au sol de la cheville enfoncée lors de l'extraction de l'outil, en fin d'opération.
Embodiments of the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an apparatus according to the invention in electric version.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of the pendulum element used in the apparatus shown in Figure 1.
  • Figures 2a, 2b and 2c are views illustrating the principle of the pendulum member shown in Figure 2, this pendulum member being in the deployed position in Figure 2a, in the retracted position in Figure 2b and in cross section in Figure 2c.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the gimbal mechanical connection device connecting the pendulum element of FIG. 2 to the support structure of the device of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the kinematic chain for driving the sliding mass in the pendulum element shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4a represents a device for holding the cable on the traction sheave in order to prevent it from jumping at the time of the free fall of the mass.
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic section making it possible to illustrate the operation of the kinematic chain of FIG. 4.
  • Figures 5 and 6 are two longitudinal sections of the lower end of the pendulum element to illustrate two possible embodiments of the driving tool and guide pins to central sleeve.
  • Figure 7 is a theoretical diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus using an internal combustion engine.
  • Figure 8 shows, in perspective, the lower part of a pendulum element equipped with a device for holding the ankle down on the ground when the tool is extracted, at the end of the operation.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, l'appareillage mobile pour l'enfoncement dans le sol d'objets divers tels que, par exemple, des piquets ou des poteaux ou même des chevilles destinées à la fixation de poteaux ou de piquets comprend tout d'abord une structure porteuse 1 de type ttrépied, dont les pieds s'étendent le long des arêtes d'un volume en forme de pyramide.In the example shown in Figure 1, the movable apparatus for the insertion into the ground of various objects such as, for example, stakes or posts or even pegs intended for fixing posts or stakes comprises first of all a support structure 1 of tripod type, the feet of which extend along the edges of a volume in the form of a pyramid.

Dans cet exemple, deux des pieds de cette structure consistent chacun en une poutre profilée 2, 3 tandis que le troisième pied est constitué par deux poutres parallèles 4, 5 légèrement écartées l'une de l'autre.In this example, two of the legs of this structure each consist of a profiled beam 2, 3 while the third leg is constituted by two parallel beams 4, 5 slightly spaced from one another.

Ces trois pieds sont reliés les uns aux autres au moyen de traverses 6 dont une seule est représentée entre les poutres 2 et 3.These three feet are connected to each other by means of crosspieces 6 of which only one is shown between the beams 2 and 3.

Sur les extrémités inférieures des poutres 2, 3 sont respectivement montées pivotantes deux roues parallèles 8, 10 par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de liaison 11 permettant un réglage en hauteur du pied au moyen d'une manivelle 12. De même, sur l'extrémité inférieure des deux poutres parallèles 4, 5 sont montées deux roues jumelles 13, 14 par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de liaison 15 permettant la libre orientation des deux roues 13, 14 ainsi qu'un réglage en hauteur du pied au moyen d'une manivelle 16.On the lower ends of the beams 2, 3 are respectively pivotally mounted two parallel wheels 8, 10 by means of a connecting device 11 allowing a height adjustment of the foot by means of a crank 12. Similarly, on the 'lower end of the two parallel beams 4, 5 are mounted two twin wheels 13, 14 by means of a connecting device 15 allowing the free orientation of the two wheels 13, 14 and a height adjustment of the foot by means a crank 16.

A l'extrémité supérieure de cette structure est fixée une platine 17 sur la face inférieure de laquelle se trouve suspendu, au moyen d'une liaison mécanique à cardan du type de celle représentée sur la figure 3, un élément pendulaire 18 tel que celui de la figure 2, à l'intérieur duquel coulisse une masse 19.At the upper end of this structure is fixed a plate 17 on the lower face of which is suspended, by means of a mechanical gimbal connection of the type shown in FIG. 3, a pendulum element 18 such as that of FIG. 2, inside which a mass 19 slides.

Cette masse 19 est reliée à un câble 20 qui passe à l'intérieur de l'élément tubulaire 18 puis dans la liaison mécanique à cardan 21 puis dans un dispositif d'entraînement 22 monté sur les deux poutres 4, 5 de la structure, dont le principe sera décrit en regard de la figure 4.This mass 19 is connected to a cable 20 which passes inside the tubular element 18 then in the mechanical gimbal connection 21 then in a drive device 22 mounted on the two beams 4, 5 of the structure, of which the principle will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

Ce dispositif d'entraînement 22 est lui-même entraîne par un groupe moto-réducteur porté par les deux poutres 4,5. Le moteur de ce groupe peut avantageusement consister en un moteur à explosion. Toutefois, dans l'exemple représenté, il consiste en un moteur électrique 23 alimenté par un groupe électrogène 23' suspendu sur cardan de manière à conserver un niveau d'huile constant garantissant la longévité du groupe.This drive device 22 is itself driven by a geared motor group carried by the two beams 4,5. The engine of this group can advantageously consist of an internal combustion engine. However, in the example shown, it consists of an electric motor 23 powered by a generator 23 'suspended on a gimbal so as to maintain a constant oil level guaranteeing the longevity of the group.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 2, l'élément pendulaire 18 à l'état rétracté ainsi que la masse 19 présentent une section droite carrée. Cet élément pendulaire 18 est constitué par deux parties longitudinales 24, 25 montées coulissantes l'une par rapport à l'autre à savoir :

  • - une première partie 24 comprenant deux profilés parallèles 26, 27 en forme de cornière, de concavités mutuellement en regard et disposées de manière à assurer le guidage de deux régions angulaires opposées de la masse 19 ; ces deux profilés 26, 27 sont assemblés l'un à l'autre, au niveau de leurs extrémités superieures, au moyen d'une pièce de liaison 28 comprenant deux joues parallèles 29, 30 munies de perçages coaxiaux 31, 32, de manière à réaliser une chape d'articulation et, au niveau de leur partie inférieure, au moyen d'un tronçon tubulaire 33 de section carrée, dont les parois internes présentent deux régions angulaires opposées 34 sur lesquelles sont appliquées et fixées les faces externes desdits profilés 26, 27 et deux régions angulaires de guidage 35, et
  • - une deuxième partie 25 comprenant deux profilés parallèles 36, 37 en forme de cornière, de concavités mutuellement en regard et disposées de manière à assurer le guidage des deux autres régions angulaires opposées de la masse 19 ; ces deux profilés sont assemblés l'un à l'autre au niveau de leurs extrémités supérieure et inférieure par deux éléments tubulaires respectifs 38, 39 de section carrée dont les parois internes présentent deux régions angulaires opposées 40, 41 sur lesquelles sont appliquées et fixées les faces externes desdits profilés 36, 37 et deux régions angulaires de guidage 42,43.
In the example shown in Figure 2, the pendulum member 18 in the retracted state and the mass 19 have a square cross section. This pendulum element 18 is constituted by two longitudinal parts 24, 25 mounted to slide relative to one another, namely:
  • - A first part 24 comprising two parallel sections 26, 27 in the form of an angle iron, with concavities facing each other and arranged so as to guide two opposite angular regions of the mass 19; these two sections 26, 27 are assembled to each other, at their upper ends, by means of a connecting piece 28 comprising two parallel cheeks 29, 30 provided with coaxial bores 31, 32, so as to produce a hinge yoke and, at their lower part, by means of a tubular section 33 of square section, the internal walls of which have two opposite angular regions 34 on which the external faces of said profiles 26 are applied and fixed, 27 and two angular guide regions 35, and
  • - A second part 25 comprising two parallel sections 36, 37 in the form of an angle iron, with concavities facing each other and arranged so as to guide the two other opposite angular regions of the mass 19; these two sections are assembled to each other at their upper and lower ends by two respective tubular elements 38, 39 of square section whose internal walls have two opposite angular regions 40, 41 on which are applied and fixed the external faces of said sections 36, 37 and two angular guide regions 42, 43.

L'assemblage des deux parties 24 et 25 de l'élément tubulaire 18 est réalisé de telle sorte que les profilés 26, 27 de la partie 24 passent au travers du tronçon tubulaire 38 de la partie 25 et sont guidés par les régions angulaires de guidage 42, 43 de ce tronçon tubulaire 38 et, inversement, les profilés 36, 37 de la partie 25 passent au travers du tronçon tubulaire 33 de la partie 24 et sont guidés par les régions angulaires de guidage 35 de ce tronçon tubulaire 33.The assembly of the two parts 24 and 25 of the tubular element 18 is produced in such a way that the sections 26, 27 of the part 24 pass through the tubular section 38 of the part 25 and are guided by the angular guide regions. 42, 43 of this tubular section 38 and, conversely, the profiles 36, 37 of the part 25 pass through the tubular section 33 of the part 24 and are guided by the angular guide regions 35 of this tubular section 33.

Il est clair que lorsque l'élément pendulaire 18 est à l'état déployé (figure 2a), dans la partie haute, la masse 19 se trouve guidée selon une première diagonale par les deux profilés en cornière 26, 27 de la première partie 24 et, dans la partie basse, selon l'autre diagonale par les deux profilés en cornière 36, 37 de la deuxième partie 25, de sorte que la masse 19 se trouve convenablement guidée et sans aucune discontinuité d'une extrémité à l'autre de l'élément tubulaire 18.It is clear that when the pendulum element 18 is in the deployed state (FIG. 2a), in the upper part, the mass 19 is guided along a first diagonal by the two angle sections 26, 27 of the first part 24 and, in the lower part, along the other diagonal by the two angle sections 36, 37 of the second part 25, so that the mass 19 is suitably guided and without any discontinuity from one end to the other of the tubular element 18.

Comme précédemment mentionné, la masse 19 qui descend en chute libre dans l'élément pendulaire est remontée par un câble 20 qui passe par la liaison mécanique à cardan 21, de manière à ce qu'il demeure toujours dans l'axe central longitudinal de l'élément pendulaire 18.As previously mentioned, the mass 19 which descends in free fall in the pendulum element is raised by a cable 20 which passes through the mechanical gimbal connection 21, so that it always remains in the longitudinal central axis of the pendulum element 18.

A cet effet, la liaison mécanique à cardan comprend tout d'abord, comme représenté sur la figure 3, une chape d'articulation 50 en forme de U sur l'âme de laquelle sont fixés deux tourillons coaxiaux 51 s'étendant dans le plan longitudinal de symétrie de la chape. Ces deux tourillons 51 viennent se monter dans deux paliers respectifs 52, 53 fixés sur la platine 17 située à la partie supérieure de la structure porteuse 1.To this end, the mechanical cardanic connection comprises first of all, as shown in FIG. 3, a U-shaped clevis joint 50 on the core of which are fixed two coaxial pins 51 extending in the plane longitudinal symmetry of the yoke. These two pins 51 are mounted in two respective bearings 52, 53 fixed on the plate 17 located at the upper part of the supporting structure 1.

Les deux ailes de cette chape 50 comprennent par ailleurs deux perçages coaxiaux 54 à l'intérieur desquels est monté l'axe de rotation 55 d'une poulie 56 logée à l'intérieur de la chape 50 et deux tourillons coaxiaux 57, 58 respectivement fixés sur les deux faces extérieures des deux ailes de la chape 50.The two wings of this yoke 50 also include two coaxial holes 54 inside which is mounted the axis of rotation 55 of a pulley 56 housed inside the yoke 50 and two coaxial journals 57, 58 respectively fixed on the two outer faces of the two wings of the yoke 50.

L'axe de ces deux tourillons 57, 58 est situé à une distance de l'axe de rotation 55 de la poulie 56, sensiblement égale au rayon de la poulie 56 et dans un plan parallèle à l'âme de la chape 50, passant par l'axe des tourillons 57, 58.The axis of these two pins 57, 58 is located at a distance from the axis of rotation 55 of the pulley 56, substantially equal to the radius of the pulley 56 and in a plane parallel to the web of the yoke 50, passing by the axis of the pins 57, 58.

Ces deux tourillons 57, 58 viennent s'engager dans les perçages 31, 32 correspondants prévus dans les deux joues 29, 30 de la pièce de liaison 28 de la première partie 24 de l'élément tubulaire 18.These two pins 57, 58 engage in the corresponding holes 31, 32 provided in the two cheeks 29, 30 of the connecting piece 28 of the first part 24 of the tubular element 18.

Avec référence à la figure 4, le dispositif d'entraînement du câble 20 se compose d'au moins un bras 60 monté rotatif par une extrémité sur l'une des deux poutres parallèles 4, 5 de la structure 1 de l'appareil et sur lequel se trouve montée rotative, à l'autre extrémité, une poulie 61. Ce bras 60 est entraîné en rotation à partir du moto-réducteur 23 par un système de transmission à roue libre. Dans l'exemple représenté, le bras 60 est monté fou sur un axe 62 sur lequel se trouve également monté rotatif un deuxième bras 63 entraîné en rotation par le groupe moto-réducteur 23 au moyen d'une transmission par chaîne 64 et pignons 65 (figure 1 ).With reference to FIG. 4, the cable drive device 20 consists of at least one arm 60 rotatably mounted by one end on one of the two parallel beams 4, 5 of the structure 1 of the device and on which is rotatably mounted, at the other end, a pulley 61. This arm 60 is rotated from the gear motor 23 by a freewheel transmission system. In the example shown, the arm 60 is mounted idly on an axis 62 on which is also rotatably mounted a second arm 63 driven in rotation by the geared motor group 23 by means of a chain transmission 64 and sprockets 65 ( figure 1 ).

Ce deuxième bras 63 comprend une butée 66 s'étendant en saillie dans le volume de passage du premier bras 60 de manière à pouvoir entraîner ce dernier en rotation dans un sens.This second arm 63 comprises a stop 66 extending projecting into the passage volume of the first arm 60 so as to be able to drive the latter in rotation in one direction.

Selon ce dispositif, le câble 20 qui se trouve fixé par l'une de ses extrémités à la masse 19, passe sur la poulie 56 de la liaison mécanique à cardan 21, se trouve guidé à l'entrée de cette liaison par une poulie de guidage 67, passe ensuite autour de la poulie 61 du premier bras 60 puis revient parallèlement à lui-même pour venir se fixer à un point fixe de la structure ou s'enrouler sur un tambour 68 destiné à régler la longueur du câble 20.According to this device, the cable 20 which is fixed by one of its ends to the mass 19, passes over the pulley 56 of the gimbal mechanical connection 21, is guided at the entry of this connection by a pulley of guide 67, then passes around the pulley 61 of the first arm 60 and then returns parallel to itself to come and fix itself at a fixed point of the structure or wind on a drum 68 intended to adjust the length of the cable 20.

Le fonctionnement de l'appareil précédemment décrit est alors le suivant :The operation of the previously described device is then as follows:

La masse 19 se trouvant au point bas de sa course à l'intérieur de l'élément pendulaire 18, le premier bras 60 se trouve en position haute et se trouve entraîné en rotation par le deuxième bras 63, le couple résistant exercé par le câble 20 sous l'effet dé la masse 19 sur la poulie 61 s'exerçant en sens inverse du sens de rotation exercé par le bras 63. En fin de cette demi-course de rotation, le sens du couple résistant s'inverse par rapport au sens de rotation du bras 63 et le premier bras 60 se dégage de la butée 66 et se trouve entraîné en rotation par le câble 20 à une vitesse angulaire supérieure à celle du second bras 63. La masse 19 tombe alors en chute libre, vient percuter l'outil d'enfoncement ou la cheville située en bout de l'élément pendulaire et s'immobilise en fin de course. Quelques instants après, le premier bras 60 se trouve à nouveau entraîné par le second bras 63 et un nouveau cycle recommence.The mass 19 being at the low point of its stroke inside the pendulum element 18, the first arm 60 is in the high position and is rotated by the second arm 63, the resistive torque exerted by the cable 20 under the effect of the mass 19 on the pulley 61 acting in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation exerted by the arm 63. At the end of this half-rotation stroke, the direction of the resisting torque is reversed with respect to the direction of rotation of the arm 63 and the first arm 60 disengages from the stop 66 and is rotated by the cable 20 at an angular speed greater than that of the second arm 63. The mass 19 then falls in free fall, strikes the driving-in tool or the dowel located at the end of the pendulum element and stops at the end of the stroke. A few moments later, the first arm 60 is again driven by the second arm 63 and a new cycle begins again.

Bien entendu, l'appareil précédemment décrit pourra avantageusement comprendre un dispositif permettant un maintien sous tension permanent du câble 20. Un tel dispositif peut faire intervenir, de façon classique, un ressort de tension entre le point fixe et le câble ainsi qu'un système de butée. Il pourrait également consister en un contre-poids monte sur le cable 20 au moyen d'un moufle.Of course, the previously described device could advantageously include a device allowing the cable 20 to be kept under permanent tension. Such a device can conventionally involve a tension spring between the fixed point and the cable as well as a system stop. It could also consist of a counterweight mounted on the cable 20 by means of a muffle.

Par ailleurs, au lieu de n'utiliser qu'un seul bras 60, le dispositif pourrait éventuellement comprendre, comme représenté sur les figures 1 et 4, deux bras 60, 60' montés rotatifs par l'une de leurs extrémités sur les poutres parallèles 4, 5 et réunis à l'autre extrémité par une poulie 61, l'espace entre les deux bras 60, 60' étant dégagé pour permettre le passage du câble 20 au cours de la rotation.Furthermore, instead of using only one arm 60, the device could possibly comprise, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, two arms 60, 60 ′ rotatably mounted by one of their ends on the parallel beams 4, 5 and joined at the other end by a pulley 61, the space between the two arms 60, 60 'being cleared to allow the passage of the cable 20 during rotation.

En outre, pour éviter que le câble 20 ne s'échappe de la poulie 61 au moment de la chute libre de la masse, la poulie 61 peut être équipée, comme représenté sur la figure 4a, d'un dispositif de maintien comprenant deux flasques latéraux parallèles montés rotatifs autour de l'axe de la poulie 61 et s'étendant de part et d'autre de celle-ci. Ces deux flasques sont réunis l'un à l'autre au moyen d'une pièce massive constituant un lest qui tend à ramener les deux flasques en position verticale.In addition, to prevent the cable 20 from escaping from the pulley 61 at the time of the free fall of the mass, the pulley 61 can be equipped, as shown in FIG. 4a, with a holding device comprising two flanges parallel lateral rotatably mounted about the axis of the pulley 61 and extending on either side thereof. These two flanges are joined to each other by means of a massive piece constituting a ballast which tends to bring the two flanges back to the vertical position.

Comme précédemment mentionné, l'appareil selon l'invention peut servir à l'ancrage, dans le sol, de chevilles 70 comprenant une pièce rigide avantageusement composée de plaques métalliques conformées en ailettes 71, ladite pièce rigide formant un fourreau 72 destiné à recevoir, une fois la cheville 70 enfoncée dans le sol, la base d'un poteau ou d'un piquet. On sait que l'enfoncement de ces chevilles peut avantageusement s'effectuer au moyen d'un outil d'enfoncement comportant un corps allongé rigide 73 présentant au moins, dans sa partie inférieure, la forme d'un faux pieu de longueur légèrement supérieure à celle de la cheville et, à l'extrémité supérieure de ce faux pieu, une partie épaulée 74 destinée à retransmettre une force d'enfoncement sur la face supérieure des chevilles.As previously mentioned, the apparatus according to the invention can be used for anchoring, in the ground, dowels 70 comprising a rigid part advantageously composed of metal plates shaped as fins 71, said rigid part forming a sheath 72 intended to receive, once the dowel 70 has been driven into the ground, the base of a post or stake. It is known that the driving in of these pins can advantageously be carried out by means of a driving tool comprising a rigid elongated body 73 having at least, in its lower part, the shape of a false pile of length slightly greater than that of the ankle and, at the upper end of this false pile, a shouldered portion 74 intended to transmit a driving force on the upper face of the ankles.

Ainsi, dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 5, l'outil d'enfoncement est incorporé à la masse 19 et consiste simplement en un faux pieu 76 monté sur la face inférieure de la masse.Thus, in the example shown in Figure 5, the driving tool is incorporated into the mass 19 and simply consists of a false pile 76 mounted on the underside of the mass.

Dans ce cas, la masse vient directement porter sur la face supérieure des chevilles et l'élément pendulaire 18 comprend au niveau de sa partie inférieure des moyens de centrage desdites chevilles.In this case, the mass comes directly to bear on the upper face of the pins and the pendulum element 18 comprises, at its lower part, means for centering said pins.

Par contre, dans l'exemple représenté figure 6, l'outil d'enfoncement comprend, outre le faux pieu 73 et la partie épaulée 74 servant à enfoncer les chevilles 70, une tige 77 montée axialement coulissante dans un palier 78 prévu à l'extrémité inférieure de l'élément pendulaire 18 et sur la tête de laquelle vient porter la masse 19.By cons, in the example shown in Figure 6, the driving tool comprises, in addition to the false pile 73 and the shouldered portion 74 for driving the pins 70, a rod 77 mounted axially sliding in a bearing 78 provided at the lower end of the pendulum element 18 and on the head of which comes the mass 19.

Il est clair que l'outil qui coulisse dans le palier 78 situé à la partie inférieure de l'élément pendulaire subit seul les chocs préservant ainsi l'ensemble de l'élément pendulaire et de l'appareil. Le pendulaire suit alors avec un léger retard dû à son inertie la descente de l'outil.It is clear that the tool which slides in the bearing 78 located at the lower part of the pendulum element alone suffers the shocks thus preserving the whole of the pendulum element and the apparatus. The pendulum then follows with a slight delay due to its inertia the descent of the tool.

Dans ce cas, la tête 80 de la tige 77 peut présenter une forme arrondie et la face inférieure de la masse 19 peut comprendre un évidement central 81 dans lequel peut venir s'engager ladite forme arrondie de la tête 80 de la tige 77. Cette disposition permet ainsi un bon centrage de la tige 77 lors de l'impact de la masse 19. En outre, il peut être prévu des moyens permettant de solidariser la tête 80 de la tige 77 à la masse 19, de manière à faciliter l'extraction de l'outil d'enfoncement, une fois la cheville 70 enfoncée. Dans l'exemple représenté, ces moyens de fixation consistent en une clavette ou une broche 80' en forme de U s'engageant dans une gorge 82, 84 ménagée dans la tête 80 de la tige 77 et dans l'évidement 81. Cette disposition permet en conséquence le relevage du bas de l'élément pendulaire.In this case, the head 80 of the rod 77 may have a rounded shape and the underside of the mass 19 may include a central recess 81 in which said rounded shape of the head 80 of the rod 77 can engage. arrangement thus allows good centering of the rod 77 during the impact of the mass 19. In addition, means can be provided for securing the head 80 of the rod 77 to the mass 19, so as to facilitate the extraction of the driving tool, once the pin 70 is pressed. In the example shown, these fixing means consist of a key or a pin 80 'in the shape of a U engaging in a groove 82, 84 formed in the head 80 of the rod 77 and in the recess 81. This arrangement consequently allows the lifting of the bottom of the pendulum element.

Grâce à la liaison mécanique à cardan 21, l'élément pendulaire 18 peut être entraîné dans n'importe quelle direction longitudinale et transversale, de façon à situer à volonté, son axe longitudinal en un point précis en réglant la hauteur en chaque point d'appui au sol de ia structure au moyen des manivelles 12, 16. Ces réglages en hauteur permettent notamment :

  • 1) de corriger la trajectoire de l'élément pendulaire pour arriver à un point précis,
  • 2) d'absorber les éventuelles pertes de terrain en laissant l'appareil vertical,
  • 3) de régler l'appareil en abaissant ou en relevant tout l'ensemble pour tenir compte des irrégularités de terrain (creux ou bosses).
Thanks to the mechanical gimbal link 21, the pendulum element 18 can be driven in any longitudinal and transverse direction, so as to locate at will, its longitudinal axis at a precise point by adjusting the height at each point of support on the ground of the structure by means of the cranks 12, 16. These height adjustments allow in particular:
  • 1) to correct the trajectory of the pendulum element to arrive at a precise point,
  • 2) absorb any loss of land by leaving the device vertical,
  • 3) adjust the device by lowering or raising the whole assembly to take account of irregularities in the ground (hollows or bumps).

Comme précédemment mentionné, l'appareil peut comprendre pour sa traction, un treuil 100 axé parallèlement à l'axe des roues 8,10,13,14 et convenablement centré, de manière à obtenir une avance de l'appareil selon une direction précise déterminée même dans des zones très pentues ou marécageuses.As previously mentioned, the device can comprise, for its traction, a winch 100 centered parallel to the axis of the wheels 8, 10, 13, 14 and suitably centered, so as to obtain an advance of the device in a precise determined direction. even in very steep or swampy areas.

Ce treuil peut être doté d'un compte-tours permettant le calcul automatique des intervalles entre chaque opération de fonçage dans le sol par l'outil.This winch can be fitted with a tachometer allowing the automatic calculation of the intervals between each sinking operation in the ground by the tool.

Selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention représenté figure 7, le groupe moto-réducteur 23 pourra consister en un moteur à explosion 101 avec boîte de vitesse 102, éventuellement automatique, différentiel 103 et embrayage centrifuge. Dans ce cas, l'un des côtés du différentiel peut être couplé au susdit deuxième bras 63 pour le relevage de la masse, l'autre côté servant à actionner le treuil 100. Il suffit alors de bloquer l'un des côtés du différentiel pour que l'autre soit opérationnel et d'accélérer ou de ralentir le moteur pour mettre en route le différentiel ou tout stopper.According to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 7, the gear motor group 23 may consist of an internal combustion engine 101 with gearbox 102, possibly automatic, differential 103 and centrifugal clutch. In this case, one of the sides of the differential can be coupled to the aforesaid second arm 63 for lifting the mass, the other side being used to actuate the winch 100. It then suffices to block one of the sides of the differential to the other is operational and accelerate or slow the engine to start the differential or stop everything.

Par ailleurs, il s'avère utile de prévoir des contacts de sécurité pour la masse lorsque celle-ci arrive à son point haut juste avant sa chute et sur l'élément pendulaire 18 lorsqu'il arrive en fin de course de développement, afin d'éviter les chocs de la masse sur l'élément pendulaire. Bien entendu, on peut augmenter la course de la masse à l'intérieur de l'élément pendulaire en agissant sur la hauteur des points d'appui au sol , de la structure 1 de la façon précédemment indiquée. Il est en outre possible de réduire le poids de la masse 19 en mettant dans l'élément pendulaire 18 un ressort de compression 90 à un niveau correspondant à la position haute de la masse 19. Ce ressort 90 a alors pour effet de projeter la masse 19 vers le bas et d'augmenter considérablement les impacts sans avoir à modifier le poids de la masse 19.Furthermore, it proves useful to provide safety contacts for the mass when the latter reaches its highest point just before its fall and on the pendulum element 18 when it reaches the end of the development stroke, in order to '' avoid mass impact on the pendulum element. Of course, the stroke of the mass can be increased inside the pendulum element by acting on the height of the ground support points of the structure 1 in the manner previously indicated. It is also possible to reduce the weight of the mass 19 by placing in the pendulum element 18 a compression spring 90 at a level corresponding to the high position of the mass 19. This spring 90 then has the effect of projecting the mass 19 downwards and considerably increase the impacts without having to modify the weight of the mass 19.

Pour augmenter la sécurité de l'appareil, celui-ci pourra comprendre des grilles de sécurité entourant l'élément pendulaire 18 et fixées sur les tronçons tubulaires 33, 38, de manière à interdire tout accès aux vides qui se produisent lorsque l'élément pendulaire 18 se développe.To increase the safety of the device, it may include safety grids surrounding the pendulum element 18 and fixed on the tubular sections 33, 38, so as to prevent any access to the voids which occur when the pendulum element 18 is developing.

Avec référence à la figure 8, le dispositif de maintien au sol de la cheville 70 enfoncée, lors de l'extraction de l'outil, comprend une pièce d'appui 105 sur la cheville au sol, maintenue par des tiges 106 montées coulissantes sur l'élément pendulaire 18 et pouvant être bloquée par exemple au moyen de vis de serrage sur la partie supérieure 24 de l'élément pendulaire 18.With reference to FIG. 8, the device for holding the pin 70 down on the ground, during the extraction of the tool, comprises a support piece 105 on the pin on the ground, held by rods 106 slidably mounted on the pendulum element 18 and which can be blocked for example by means of clamping screws on the upper part 24 of the pendulum element 18.

Claims (22)

1. An apparatus for driving objects into the ground by impact said apparatus comprising a carrier structure (1) supporting a swinging element (18) along which slides a mass (19) whose movements are controllable by a cable (20) connected to a driving device having a two stroke operating cycle, namely a first stroke during which the driving device acts on the cable (20) for raising the mass to the level of the upper part of the swinging element and a second stroke during which the driving device interrupts its traction force on the cable (20) and freewheels so as to allow the mass (19) to fall down under the effect of its own weight, characterized in that the swinging element (18) has a tubular structure longitudinally divided into two parts (24, 25) each comprising at least two surfaces for guiding two opposite zones of the mass (19), so as to be able alone to provide longitudinal guiding of the mass, the guide surfaces of one of said parts (24) being offset angularly with respect to those of the other part (25), and means (33, 38) for connecting these two parts together with free longitudinal siding of one of the parts with respect to the other.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said mass (19) has a cross section in the shape of a quadrilateral and the internal surface of said swinging element (18) has a cross section in the shape of a quadrilateral substantially complementary to that of said mass (19), in that each of the two parts forming the tubular element (18) comprises two parallel angle irons (26, 27, 36, 37), with mutually facing concavities, in that the angle irons (26, 27, 36, 37) of each of said two parts (24, 25) are fixed one to the other by their ends by means of two respective fixing devices one at least of which consists of a tubuiar part (33, 38) with internal section in the shape of a quadrilateral comprising internal walls which have two opposite angular regions against which are applied and fixed the external faces of said angle irons (26, 27 and 36, 37) and two angular guide regions and in that the assembly of the two parts of said swinging element (18) is managed so that the iron angles (26, 27) of one of said parts (24) pass through the tubular piece (38) of said other part (25) and are guided by the angular guide regions (35) of this tubular piece (38) and conversely.
3. The apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the swinging element (18) is connected by its upper end, to the structure (1) of the apparatus by means of a mechanical universal coupling (21) integral with one of said two parts.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said mechanical universal coupling (21) comprises a pivoting U-shaped fork (50) to the web of which is longitudinally fixed an axis (51) whose two ends are mounted for rotation in two respective bearings (52, 53) integral with the structure (1) of the apparatus, in that the two wings of said fork comprise two coaxial bores (54) in which is mounted the shaft of rotation (55) of a pulley (56) housed inside said fork (50), and two coaxial journals (57, 58) extending transversely outwardly of the fork (50), which are engaged in two corresponding bores (31, 32) provided on two flanges (29, 30) forming a fork integral with the upper end of one of said two parts (24) of the tubular element (18).
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the axis of said journals (57, 58) is situated at a distance of the axis of rotation of the pulley (56), substantially equal to the radius of the pulley (56) and in a plane parallel to the web of the fork (50) passing through the axis of said pulley (56).
6. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a pulley (67) for guiding the cable (20) at the inlet to said mechanical universal coupling (21).
7. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the driving device of the cable (20) is formed from at least a first rotary arm (60) mounted for pivoting, by one of its ends, on the structure (1) of the apparatus and rotated by a drive unit (23), through a free wheel type transmission device, said rotary arm (60) supporting at its other end, a pulley (61) mounted freely rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of said arm (60), and in that the cable (20), which is fixed by one of its ends to the mass (19), passes over the pulley (56) of the mechanical universal coupling (21), is guided by the guide pulley (67), then passes around the pulley (61) of said arm (60), then commes back substantially parallel to itself and is fixed, by its other end, to a fixed point of said structure (1).
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the connection of said cable (20) to the structure of the apparatus is effected by means of a device (68) allowing the adjustment of the length of the cable (20) and/or a means for maintaining said cable (20) under tension.
9. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a cable tensioner.
10. The apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 7, 8 and 9, characterized in that the rotational driving of said first arm (60) is effected by means of a second arm (63) rotated by the drive unit (23), coaxially to the first arm (60), this second arm comprising a stop-forming part (66) extending in the passage volume of said first arm (60).
11. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure thereof (1) is equipped with three means for bearing on the ground disposed in a triangle and each equipped with a device for height adjustment of the structure (1).
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that said bearing means are equipped with means for rolling over the ground (8,10, 13, 14).
13. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a winch for providing movement thereof in a straight line.
14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that said winch is equipped with a revolution counter.
15. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive unit (23) consists of an assembly comprising an explosion engine, a clutch, a reducer and a differential, one of the sides of which is coupled to said device (22) for driving the mass (19) and the other side is coupled to said winch.
16. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in order to drive in pins with a central sleeve (70), it comprises a driving tool comprising an elongate rigid body having at least, in its lower part, the form of a false pile (73) of a length slightly greater than that of the pins (70), and at the upper end of this false pile, a collar part (74) for retransmitting on the upper face of the pins (70) the driving-in force exerted by the mass (19).
17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that said driving tool is integral with the lower face of the mass (19).
18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that said driving tool comprises, beyond said collar part (74), a rod (77) mounted for axial sliding in a bearing (78) provided at the lower end of the pendular element (18) and the head of which is struck by said mass (19).
19. The apparatus as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the head (80) of said rod (77) has a rounded shape and the lower face of the mass (19) comprises a central recess (81) in which said rounded shape of the head (80) of the rod (77) may engage.
20. The apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 18 and 19, characterized in that it comprises means for securing said rod (77) to said mass (19).
21. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a compression spring (90) mounted inside the swinging element (18) at a level corresponding to the top position of the mass (19).
22. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a device for holding the driven-in pin on the ground, during removal of the tool which comprises a bearing piece (105) bearing on the pin and held in position by rods (106) slidably mounted on the swinging element (18) and fixed in the upper part thereof.
EP85900138A 1984-01-10 1984-12-20 Movable apparatus for driving into the ground various objects by percussion Expired EP0167552B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85900138T ATE32361T1 (en) 1984-01-10 1984-12-20 MOBILE DEVICE FOR IMPACTING THE GROUND BY RAMMERING VARIOUS OBJECTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8400268A FR2557898B1 (en) 1984-01-10 1984-01-10 MOBILE APPARATUS FOR PUNCHING MOBILE OBJECTS INTO THE GROUND.
FR8400268 1984-01-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0167552A1 EP0167552A1 (en) 1986-01-15
EP0167552B1 true EP0167552B1 (en) 1988-02-03

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EP85900138A Expired EP0167552B1 (en) 1984-01-10 1984-12-20 Movable apparatus for driving into the ground various objects by percussion

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US (1) US4667746A (en)
EP (1) EP0167552B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61500922A (en)
AT (1) ATE32361T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3782785A (en)
CA (1) CA1240525A (en)
DE (2) DE167552T1 (en)
ES (1) ES8606561A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2557898B1 (en)
IL (1) IL73994A0 (en)
IT (1) IT1183076B (en)
WO (1) WO1985003095A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA8595B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE167552T1 (en) 1986-04-10
IT8519021A0 (en) 1985-01-04
ZA8595B (en) 1985-08-28
FR2557898B1 (en) 1986-04-18
FR2557898A1 (en) 1985-07-12
IL73994A0 (en) 1985-04-30
EP0167552A1 (en) 1986-01-15
US4667746A (en) 1987-05-26
WO1985003095A1 (en) 1985-07-18
JPS61500922A (en) 1986-05-08
ES8606561A1 (en) 1986-04-01
DE3469196D1 (en) 1988-03-10
ES539427A0 (en) 1986-04-01
CA1240525A (en) 1988-08-16
ATE32361T1 (en) 1988-02-15
AU3782785A (en) 1985-07-30
IT1183076B (en) 1987-10-05

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