EP0166329B1 - Brûleur, en particulier brûleur pour l'incinération de combustibles liquides à l'état gazeux - Google Patents
Brûleur, en particulier brûleur pour l'incinération de combustibles liquides à l'état gazeux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0166329B1 EP0166329B1 EP85107391A EP85107391A EP0166329B1 EP 0166329 B1 EP0166329 B1 EP 0166329B1 EP 85107391 A EP85107391 A EP 85107391A EP 85107391 A EP85107391 A EP 85107391A EP 0166329 B1 EP0166329 B1 EP 0166329B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- burner according
- gasification chamber
- rotor
- gasification
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010065929 Cardiovascular insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000009781 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000009125 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/04—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action
- F23D11/06—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action using a horizontal shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/005—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space with combinations of different spraying or vaporising means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
- F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
Definitions
- the invention relates to a burner, in particular a burner for burning liquid fuels in the gaseous state.
- the burner is also suitable for the combustion of suspensions of solid fuels in a carrier liquid.
- the burner has a gasification chamber formed by a housing and a rotor arranged in the gasification chamber and provided with blades and driven by a motor, the gasification chamber having inlet means for fuel and air, a wall surface which can be heated electrically and / or by the flame of the burner for the evaporation of the Has fuel and means for outlet of the fuel / air mixture generated.
- gasification burners In contrast to atomizing burners, gasification burners have the advantage that they can be regulated continuously to very low outputs in accordance with the heating requirement, the aforementioned disadvantages being avoided. Furthermore, combustion significantly reduces the emission of pollutants, for example unburned hydrocarbons and soot.
- gasification burners Despite the many advantages that gasification burners have, they are only used to a small extent. A major reason for this is that most gasification burners need a lot of maintenance. With many gasification burners, undesirable deposits can form in the gasification chamber, which will soon significantly impair the effectiveness of the gasification.
- EP-A 0 036 128 describes a carburetor burner with a carburetor chamber which has no air inlet openings and in which a wiper which rotates quickly with a motor is accommodated in order to finely distribute the fuel on the heated carburetor walls and to prevent the formation of deposits that there is no harmful influence of deposits on the evaporation of the fuel.
- the gas formed in the gasification chamber leaves the chamber through a nozzle at a relatively high speed.
- the combustion air is conveyed by a fan.
- This burner has the advantage that it requires little maintenance and is reliable in operation.
- the disadvantage is that, in contrast to other gasification burners, where fuel and air are mixed before combustion in the gasification chamber, it causes more noise. Since only the fuel is heated at the start, but not the air before the combustion, cold start problems can arise. It is also disadvantageous that after-burning takes place with a sooting flame, unless particularly expensive measures are taken to prevent the further escape of gasified fuel.
- EP-A 0067271 shows an oil burner with a heated evaporation device having air inlet openings.
- This is cup-shaped, air inlet openings being provided on the bottom of the cup.
- a rotating cylinder for oil distribution, which fills the evaporator space in the cup to a small gap.
- oil is supplied to the rotating cylinder via a hollow drive shaft, which is then thrown by centrifugal force from the radial bores in the rotating cylinder onto the inner walls of the evaporator chamber.
- oil burners of this type have not found commercial use. It is disadvantageous that the gasification chamber tends to become contaminated, the air inlet or the air / gas mixture outlet being disturbed.
- US-A 3640673 describes a burner for a petroleum oven, in which a fan is arranged in a gasification chamber which can be heated electrically and by the flame of the burner. There is a relatively large space between the periphery of the fan and the heated wall surface of the gasification chamber. There is a spray disc for the fuel on the drive shaft for the fan. When fuel is sprayed onto the spray disc during operation, it distributes the fuel into fine droplets that are thrown outwards by centrifugal force. They are mixed by the fan with the preheated air flowing into the gasification chamber. Since the distance between the periphery of the fan and the heated wall surface of the gasification chamber is relatively large, most of the fuel evaporates droplets without ever coming into contact with a wall surface.
- Another disadvantage of the burner described is that it is practically an atmospheric burner and is therefore not suitable for use in a boiler.
- this is achieved in that the blades extend radially into the vicinity of the heatable wall surface.
- the fuel / air mixture generated in the gasification chamber leaves the gasification chamber under relatively high pressure, so that the burner is particularly suitable for use in boilers with a relatively high flue gas resistance. Since the air and fuel are mixed before the combustion, the flame is relatively silent. Tests have shown that no deposits form in the area of the heated wall surface of the gasification chamber. It is assumed that the high peripheral speed of the rotor tears the oil out into extremely small oil droplets, which evaporate immediately. Interestingly, relatively high temperatures of the carburetor chamber walls are possible without coking. It is assumed that the blades, which bring about a compression of the gas / air mixture, exert a pneumatic wiper action, which cleans the gasification chamber walls.
- the rotating blades ensure a considerable pressure difference between the air inlet and the fuel / air mixture outlet, so that a considerable cleaning effect is already achieved by the flow caused thereby.
- the burner is therefore largely maintenance-free. Since the gas emerging from the gasification chamber is a mixture of fuel and air, there are no cold start problems. It is also advantageous that the heatable wall surface of the gasification chamber is adjacent to the peripheral parts of the rotor. The fuel / air mixture has the highest compression in this area, so that the heat transfer takes place very effectively here.
- a wall of the gasification chamber is expediently formed by a burner plate having outlet openings.
- the flame thus arises directly at the gasification chamber, so that heat from the flame is already released into the gasification chamber via the burner plate. This significantly reduces the need for electrical energy, at least after the start-up phase.
- the outlet openings of the gasification chamber are expediently arranged near the periphery of the burner plate. The pressure is greatest there.
- the housing of the gasification chamber for heat recovery has a part which extends beyond the burner plate.
- This expediently tubular part is then located in the immediate area of the flame, so that the heat recovery is very good. It is possible to form the housing of the carburetor chamber and a flame tube in one piece. This lowers the manufacturing costs.
- the heat recirculation part may have a cavity which is filled with a metal, e.g. Sodium, is provided with a relatively low melting and / or evaporation point. During operation, the metal in the cavity melts and / or evaporates, and the circulation that arises in the melt or in the gas then ensures particularly effective heat recovery.
- An advantageous exemplary embodiment provides that an axially displaceable tube piece for regulating the air supply is provided practically concentrically to the shaft of the rotor.
- the rotor advantageously extends in the immediate vicinity of the burner plate. Tests have shown that this prevents the flame from kicking back into the gasification chamber.
- transition points between the part for heat recovery and the housing of the gasification chamber can be designed such that no heat transfer to the housing of the gasification chamber takes place that exceeds the optimal gasification temperature.
- at least a large part of the heat required for evaporation can be supplied by the flame, while the electric heater only has to deliver a fraction of the necessary evaporation energy.
- the rotor can be designed both as a radial compressor and as an axial compressor. Both types of rotors make it possible, at least in the case of relatively small burners, such as those used for single-family houses and smaller multi-family houses, to do without additional fans, which leads to considerable simplification and cost reduction.
- the means for supplying fuel can be formed by a fuel supply channel which leads through the drive shaft of the rotor to the periphery of the rotor. This causes the drive shaft to cool so that there are no bearing problems for the drive shaft.
- the design of the rotor with blades has the advantage that it absorbs less heat than a rotating cylinder.
- a temperature sensor for maintaining an optimal carburetor temperature can be provided on the housing of the carburetor chamber.
- the housing of the carburetor chamber can consist of ceramic or be coated on the inside with ceramic.
- the ceramic can also act as a catalyst for better gasification.
- the burner has a gasification chamber 11, which is formed, for example, by a housing 13.
- this housing can be made of cast aluminum or cast iron, for example.
- the gasification chamber 11 has the shape of a rotating body, e.g. of a cylinder.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show, other rotational body shapes are also possible.
- a carburetor chamber housing 13 made of ceramic material or a coating of the carburetor chamber walls made of ceramic material is also recommended.
- a coating made of a heat-resistant plastic, e.g. "Teflon” can be an advantage because such material prevents fuel residues from adhering.
- An electric heating element 15 in the form of a heating coil is used to heat the gasification chamber 11.
- the wall 12 is heated by this heating winding 15.
- a temperature sensor 17 can also be provided, with which the electrical heating element 15 is controlled via a control device (not shown).
- the gasification chamber 11 has a part 21 which extends beyond the burner plate 19 to return heat from the flame.
- the part 21 encloses a flame tube or cup 23.
- the transition point 22 between the flame tube 23 and / or the part 21 and the housing 13 is designed in such a way that no heat transfer that exceeds the optimum gasification temperature takes place.
- housing 13 and flame tube 23 or flame tube 23 and burner plate 19 can also consist of one piece.
- Figure 2 shows a special design of part 21 for heat recovery. It has a cavity 25 which has a filling 27 made of a metal, e.g. Sodium, with a relatively low melting and / or evaporation point. When the burner is in operation, the metal 27 then melts and / or evaporates, so that circulation begins in this liquid or gaseous medium, which transfers heat to the region of the gasification chamber 11.
- a metal e.g. Sodium
- a wall of the gasification chamber 11 is formed by the burner plate 19, which has a plurality of outlet openings 29 for the hot fuel / air mixture on the periphery.
- the outlet openings 29 are arranged close to the periphery of the burner plate 19. The greatest pressure in the chamber prevails when using a radial fan.
- FIG. 4 shows, a distribution of the outlet openings 29 over the burner plate 19 is possible in particular when using an axial fan.
- the gasification chamber 11 there is not only a wiper for cleaning the heatable wall surfaces of the gasification chamber 11, but a rotor 33 provided with blades 31, the blades extending radially into the vicinity of the heatable wall surface.
- This rotor has the function of a wiper, which keeps the carburetor chamber 11 free of deposits.
- the rotor 33 also functions as a fan which draws in combustion air and, mixed with evaporated fuel, presses it through the openings 29 in the burner plate 19.
- a significant advantage of the gasification burner described is therefore that, at least for relatively low outputs, for example up to 1.2 kg of oil per hour, it does not need an additional fan 35.
- the rotor 33 is driven by the motor 37 via the shaft 39.
- the additional fan 35 which may be necessary for greater burner outputs, is located on the same shaft 39.
- the fuel is supplied through a fuel supply channel 41 via the drive shaft 39. This fuel supply channel leads via one or more branch lines 43 to the periphery of the rotor 31.
- the air is fed into the gasification chamber 11 through the air inlet opening 45.
- a pipe section 46 is arranged displaceably in this air inlet opening.
- the air supply can be regulated in a simple manner by an axial displacement of this pipe section 46.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 provide for the use of a radial or axial compressor, as used, for example, for turbochargers Find motor vehicles use.
- Rotors 33 constructed in this way enable higher compression, so that an additional fan wheel can usually be dispensed with even at relatively high powers.
- the housing 13 with the electric heater 15 When the burner is started up, the housing 13 with the electric heater 15 is initially brought to a temperature at which the supplied fuel evaporates. The vaporized fuel then escapes through the openings 29 and is ignited by the electrode 49. The resulting flame then causes heat to be returned via part 21 of the gasification chamber 11, so that the heater 15 can be switched off. However, if precise regulation of the gasifier temperature is desired, the heater 15 can be used to supply the additional heat required.
- the temperature sensor 17 is used to control the heater 15.
- the gasification burner according to the invention can operate reliably in a wide temperature range of the gasification chamber 11. While the gasification burner according to EP-A 0 036128 no longer works at a gasification chamber temperature below 340 ° C, because at this temperature the pressure builds up too slowly and the gasification chamber is thus overfilled with fuel, the burner according to the invention also works at temperatures below 340 ° C. In tests with temperatures around 500 ° C., oil throughputs of 2 kg per hour could be achieved with the burner according to the invention. It has also been shown that there are no corking problems at high temperatures. It is assumed that at high temperatures the heating oil does not come into contact with the carburetor walls due to the suffering frost effect.
- the burner described also offers a large number of further advantages. For example, there are no temperature problems on the engine side because the combustion air cools it. It is therefore not necessary to take any special measures to protect the drive shaft bearings. The flame cup is exposed to less high temperatures because heat is continuously dissipated. There are also no cold start problems because the combustion air is preheated.
- the burner is very simple and compact in construction and is therefore particularly suitable as a burner for floor heating. The burner is switched off without re-steaming. The burner can easily be used for heating from above (lint burner) or heating from below. Of particular importance, however, is the low-noise combustion thanks to the optimal mixture of air and fuel and the stable blue flame, which creates no soot problems.
- the gasification burner according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5 is constructed similarly to that of FIG. 1.
- the same reference numerals can therefore largely be used.
- the rotor divides the gasification chamber 11 into a first space 51 and a second space 53 arranged concentrically to it.
- the first space 51 is used to gasify the fuel.
- the second space which is divided by approximately radially arranged partition walls 55, which act like the blades of a compressor, serves as an air compressor. If a fan is already present in any case, further air compression may be dispensed with, so that it would suffice if the second space 53 merely served as an air passage.
- a burner plate 19 is provided in the exemplary embodiment shown, a third space 54 is formed between the rotor 33 and the burner plate 19, which serves for the mixing of gas and air.
- a gap 59 is provided between the rotor end 57 and the carburetor housing 13 for the passage of the gasified fuel from the first space 51.
- This gap 59 is ring-shaped and is adjacent to the likewise ring-shaped outlet 58 for the air from the space 53.
- the first space 51 has at least one air inlet 61 in order to carry out a premixing of gas and air in this space 51.
- a large part of the air required for combustion flows through space 53.
- the air supply to the space 51 can be controlled by axially displacing the pipe section 46.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
Claims (22)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT85107391T ATE37224T1 (de) | 1984-06-25 | 1985-06-14 | Brenner, insbesondere brenner zur verbrennung von fluessigen brennstoffen in gasfoermigem zustand. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH3049/84 | 1984-06-25 | ||
CH304984 | 1984-06-25 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0166329A2 EP0166329A2 (fr) | 1986-01-02 |
EP0166329A3 EP0166329A3 (en) | 1987-06-24 |
EP0166329B1 true EP0166329B1 (fr) | 1988-09-14 |
Family
ID=4247462
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85107391A Expired EP0166329B1 (fr) | 1984-06-25 | 1985-06-14 | Brûleur, en particulier brûleur pour l'incinération de combustibles liquides à l'état gazeux |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0166329B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE37224T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3565002D1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3664956D1 (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1989-09-14 | Vth Ag | Burner, particularly burner for burning liquid fuel in gaseous state |
EP0283435B1 (fr) * | 1987-03-13 | 1991-01-23 | Füllemann Patent Ag | Brûleur |
CH678568A5 (fr) * | 1989-03-15 | 1991-09-30 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
CH680157A5 (fr) * | 1989-12-01 | 1992-06-30 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
EP0598619A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-19 | 1994-05-25 | Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. | Brûleur pour combustible liquide |
DE19821672A1 (de) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-11-18 | Walter Swoboda | Vormischbrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe |
DE10231883B4 (de) * | 2002-07-12 | 2008-01-17 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Verdampferanordnung, insbesondere zur Erzeugung eines in einem Reformer zur Wasserstoffgewinnung zersetzbaren Kohlenwasserstoff/Mischmaterial-Gemisches |
CH696153A5 (de) * | 2003-06-11 | 2007-01-15 | Toby Ag | Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe. |
DE10343282B3 (de) | 2003-09-18 | 2005-04-21 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Brenneranordnung, insbesondere für ein Fahrzeugheizgerät |
AT507704B1 (de) * | 2008-12-19 | 2012-06-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum laden eines energiespeichers, sowie verfahren zur erzeugung von wärmeenergie |
CN105202593A (zh) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-12-30 | 政和县星原节能燃料有限公司 | 醇基高温气化控火炉 |
DE102015112932A1 (de) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-02-09 | Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Mischanordnung |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3640673A (en) * | 1969-07-22 | 1972-02-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Liquid fuel burner |
DE3123078A1 (de) * | 1981-06-11 | 1982-12-30 | Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar | Stufenlos regelbarer oelgeblaesebrenner |
-
1985
- 1985-06-14 EP EP85107391A patent/EP0166329B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1985-06-14 AT AT85107391T patent/ATE37224T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-06-14 DE DE8585107391T patent/DE3565002D1/de not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0166329A3 (en) | 1987-06-24 |
DE3565002D1 (en) | 1988-10-20 |
EP0166329A2 (fr) | 1986-01-02 |
ATE37224T1 (de) | 1988-09-15 |
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