EP0165133B1 - Method and apparatus for stamping sheet metal - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for stamping sheet metal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0165133B1
EP0165133B1 EP85400946A EP85400946A EP0165133B1 EP 0165133 B1 EP0165133 B1 EP 0165133B1 EP 85400946 A EP85400946 A EP 85400946A EP 85400946 A EP85400946 A EP 85400946A EP 0165133 B1 EP0165133 B1 EP 0165133B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
sheet
central
elastomer
slide
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EP85400946A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0165133A1 (en
Inventor
Gabriel De Smet
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Sollac SA
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Sollac SA
Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC
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Priority to AT85400946T priority Critical patent/ATE102510T1/en
Publication of EP0165133A1 publication Critical patent/EP0165133A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B5/00—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups
    • B30B5/02—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/10—Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method and a device for stamping sheet metal, in particular extra-thin steel sheet of large dimensions usable for example in the automotive industry, or comprising shapes having relatively closed dihedral angles.
  • the lower limit of the thicknesses is nevertheless limited by current stamping techniques, which do not allow the use, in the dimension of the body parts, of steel sheets whose thickness is less than approximately 55/100 mm, because of the tearing which appears in the areas subjected to stretching or of the creasing in the areas subjected to shrinking, of the sheet metal stamping.
  • the stamping of large parts is usually done by drawing with double effect presses, mechanical or hydraulic.
  • These devices essentially comprise a fixed matrix and two independent slides, a central slide, called a plunger carrying a punch, and an external slide reserved for hold-down operations, that is to say sufficient support allowing by reaction the stretching under the punch. Movements are generally as follows: (1) rapid descent of the blank holder which maintains a constant pressure on the sheet and thus prevents it from moving: (2) rapid descent of the punch until it comes into contact with the sheet, then ( 3) slow descent of the punch during the stamping phase, under proper stretching: and (4) rapid ascent of the central slide causing the blank holder in its ascent.
  • this process does not prevent the formation of folds, the pressure gradients generated by the deformation of the elastomer decreasing as we approach the upper surface of the elastomer mass, especially for the production of angular shapes, the sheet being insufficiently held at its periphery due to the work on a single-effect press.
  • a drawing process which simultaneously implements a combination of operating modes relating to deep drawing, drawing on an elastomer and drawing under fluid pressure using work of the stamping and drawing phases of the sheet.
  • the elastomeric element is not only made of an elastomeric mass, but also comprises a bladder inflatable by a fluid which resembles it to a hydroforming technique.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a technology for stamping metal sheets having angular volumes and in particular extra-thin steel sheets ( ⁇ 50/100 mm), in large series and under competitive economic conditions. , without folds and with a substantially constant thickness.
  • high elastic limit steel sheets HLE is meant steels for which E> 350 MPa.
  • the invention which relates more particularly to ultra-thin sheets makes it possible to obtain the simultaneity and the coincidence of the forming action of the peripheral part of the sheet in certain zones and the conformation of the central part of the sheet.
  • the part of the central slide plays the role of bottom of matrix and the support in flowable material that of punch applying the sheet in the bottom of matrix to form the angular volumes.
  • the invention is based on the principle of equality of the surfaces of the initial flat sheet metal blank and the shaped blank strictly corresponds to the shape of the stamped part desired, increased by the excess peripheral surfaces shaped under blank holder, thus conditioning the maintaining a substantially constant thickness of the sheet of equal stress which will be explained below.
  • the invention also relates to a drawing device of the type comprising a support made of an elastic material against which the sheet metal to be formed is applied, a first external slide or blank holder and a second central slide characterized in that the support in an elastic material comprises an elastomer having a shore A hardness of less than 30, and the external slide comprises at least one active part intended to come into contact with the peripheral part of the sheet and to cause the part to be preformed by creeping central of the sheet, with a substantially constant thickness of said sheet, the surface of said preformed central part being substantially equal to the surface of the finished part obtained.
  • the elastic support material is preferably easily flowable, for example an elastomer having a shore A hardness of less than 30 and preferably less than 10.
  • the device of FIG. 1 in position before forming comprises the usual constituent elements of a double-acting press, and therefore only the part relating to the invention is shown.
  • An external slide or blank holder 1 carries a peripheral part 10 forming a matrix which has in its angles an appropriate relief shape 11 formed integrally with the peripheral matrix 10 (this relief shape 11 corresponds to the surface area in excess with respect to the volume to be form the part that you want to make, for example as illustrated in Fig. 6) and its active surface is carefully polished to allow the movement of excess material during forming; this active surface can also be treated to facilitate the sliding of the material.
  • the central slide 2 carries a bottom of the matrix 2a and is in the raised position, while the sheet blank 7 to be formed is placed in the center of a support 4 disposed in a container 3 (tray).
  • the support 4 of easily flowable elastic material plays the role of punch by deformation.
  • the support 4 is constituted by an elastomer having a shore hardness less than 30 and preferably less than 10, a very important characteristic residing in the rapid return time of the material (preferably less than 1 second) to its initial shape.
  • a natural rubber foam having a shore hardness of about 15 and having a very short deformation time of the order of 1 s.
  • other conventional gels or foams preferably having high plasticity, for example silicone elastomers, or cellular foams, the cells of which can be filled with liquid.
  • a composite support consisting of a substantially parallelepiped mass based on a silicone elastomer having a shore hardness of 10 to 20, covered on its upper face and on all or part of its lateral faces with a relatively thin skin (for example 10 to 15 mm) and of a more resistant and harder material such as a silicone of shore hardness 50 or of teflon having favorable antifriction properties.
  • Retractable members 5 inflatable candles or bladders protrude into the elastomer serving as a support 4, and their inserted volume represents approximately the expansion volume of the elastomer after forming.
  • the support 4 is covered with a plastic sheet 8, for example of "Teflon", interposed between the sheet 7 and the elastomer, which can be optionally glued or welded to the elastomer and which has the main purpose of facilitating the sliding of the sheet during forming, but it can also serve to protect the elastomer as indicated in the preceding composite structure.
  • a plastic sheet 8 for example of "Teflon”
  • the support 4 includes conduits 6 allowing the circulation of a cooling fluid such as compressed air.
  • a cooling fluid such as compressed air.
  • Fig. 2. represents the pre-forming stage of the part.
  • the blank holder slider 1 is lowered carrying the peripheral matrix 10.
  • the latter comes into contact with the sheet blank 7 which compresses by reaction the elastomer support 4.
  • the elastomer under the effect of this action of peripheral compression acts by creep on the central zone of the sheet blank and causes its deformation.
  • the swelling of the central part of the sheet blank is limited by the matrix bottom 2a fixed to the central slide 2 in order to avoid uncontrolled erratic deformations due to the anisotropy of the metal or to forms of asymmetrical parts.
  • the descent of the blank holder slide 1 carrying the peripheral matrix 10 is limited by adjustable mechanical stops 12 so that the deformation in its central part of the sheet blank gives a surface area substantially equal to that of the finished part to be obtained.
  • Fig. 3 represents the final shaping stage of the part.
  • the central slide 2 carrying the bottom of the die 2a descends to its low position and causes the final forming of the central part of the sheet 7, preformed during the previous operation.
  • Fig. 4 represents the step of decompression of the elastomer support 4 by removal of the candles 5. This operation aims to avoid the deformation of the stamped part by expansion reaction of the elastomer.
  • Fig. 5 shows the step of releasing the formed part 7, by simultaneously raising the two sliders 1 and 2 carrying the dies.
  • compressed air is circulated in the conduits 6.
  • the cooling of the support 4 can also be performed during the previous decompression step (Fig. 4).
  • compressed air is sent through the conduits 9 to allow the part 7 to take off.
  • Two sectional views along lines 7 and 8 show that the excess surfaces of material, during the forming of the corner 13, have been moved towards the base 13a of the corner of the part in a manner corresponding to the relief shapes. 11 of the peripheral matrix 10. Thereafter an operation of trimming the part makes it possible to eliminate the undesirable edges 15 and to give it its final shape.
  • a rectangular parallelepiped (as shown in FIG. 6) can be produced starting from a flat rectangular sheet (shown in FIG. 9) by folding FIG. 10) on the condition of cutting a square 50 at each corner of the sheet.
  • this square 50 exists and represents excess material.
  • the aim of the present invention is to avoid the formation of any excess thickness or thinning which would risk generating folds or tears, in particular in ultra-thin sheets having in particular deep angular volumes.
  • the stamping die has at each of its angles a suitable shape in relief 11 which will form in hollow at the base of each of the angles of the part to obtain a progressive concave shape of surface equivalent to the excess of material , for example, the square 50 mentioned in the previous paragraph (forming a rectangular parallelepiped).
  • the device according to the invention is adaptable to existing double-acting presses.
  • the invention may prove to be particularly useful for the production of ultra-thin sheet steel of automobile body parts, of aircraft fuselage, etc .; but it can also be applied to the stamping of thicker sheets of various metals.

Abstract

A sheet of metal of given thickness is press-formed to provide a part having a substantially constant thickness on a double action press. The sheet to be formed is disposed on a support. A first outer slide, or blank holder is applied on the peripheral portion of the sheet. A second central slide is applied on the central portion of the sheet. The peripheral portion of the sheet is formed while allowing it to slide under the blank holder, by displacing relative to said support at least one active part of the outer slide so as to compensate, in certain regions of the finished part, for excess areas of the sheet, for the given thickness of said sheet, relative to the volume of metal to be formed, and displacing simultaneously with the displacement of the part the central slide so as to shape angular volumes of the central portion of the sheet by application of the sheet against the surfaces of the central part of the support.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé et un dispositif d'emboutissage de tôles, notamment de tôles d'acier extra-minces de grandes dimensions utilisables par exemple dans l'industrie automobile, ou comportant des formes présentant des angles de dièdre relativement fermés.The subject of the present invention is a method and a device for stamping sheet metal, in particular extra-thin steel sheet of large dimensions usable for example in the automotive industry, or comprising shapes having relatively closed dihedral angles.

Le développement des calculs informatisés notamment chez les constructeurs automobiles dans le domaine de la conception des structures de carrosserie des véhicules, particulièrement par des méthodes d'analyse, telle que celle dite des "éléments finis" a permis de réduire de façon importante, le temps passé à la conception des pièces, tout en approchant au plus près le comportement sous contrainte de celles-ci. Il est donc théoriquement possible d'optimiser les formes et les épaisseurs des tôles en fonction du degré de sollicitation.The development of computerized calculations, particularly among car manufacturers in the field of vehicle body structure design, particularly by analysis methods, such as that known as "finite elements" has made it possible to significantly reduce the time spent designing the parts, while getting as close as possible to their behavior under stress. It is therefore theoretically possible to optimize the shapes and thicknesses of the sheets as a function of the degree of stress.

La limite inférieure des épaisseurs est néanmoins limitée par les techniques actuelles d'emboutissage, qui ne permettent pas d'utiliser, dans la dimension des pièces de carrosserie, des tôles d'acier dont l'épaisseur est inférieure à 55/100 mm environ, à cause du déchirement qui apparait dans les zones soumises à un étirage ou du plissement dans les zones soumises à rétreint, de la tôle d'emboutissage.The lower limit of the thicknesses is nevertheless limited by current stamping techniques, which do not allow the use, in the dimension of the body parts, of steel sheets whose thickness is less than approximately 55/100 mm, because of the tearing which appears in the areas subjected to stretching or of the creasing in the areas subjected to shrinking, of the sheet metal stamping.

L'emboutissage des pièces de grandes dimensions se fait habituellement par étirage avec des presses à double effet, mécaniques ou hydrauliques. Ces appareils comportent essentiellement une matrice fixe et deux coulisseaux indépendants, un coulisseau central, appelé piston plongeur portant un poinçon, et un coulisseau extérieur réservé aux opérations de serre-flan, c'est-à-dire maintien suffisant permettant par réaction l'étirage sous le poinçon. Les mouvements sont généralement les suivants : (1) descente rapide du serre-flan qui maintient une pression constante sur la tôle et l'empêche ainsi de se déplacer : (2) descente rapide du poinçon jusqu'à mise en contact avec la tôle, puis (3) descente lente du poinçon pendant la phase d'emboutissage, sous étirage proprement dit : et (4) remontée rapide du coulisseau central entraînant le serre-flan dans son ascension.The stamping of large parts is usually done by drawing with double effect presses, mechanical or hydraulic. These devices essentially comprise a fixed matrix and two independent slides, a central slide, called a plunger carrying a punch, and an external slide reserved for hold-down operations, that is to say sufficient support allowing by reaction the stretching under the punch. Movements are generally as follows: (1) rapid descent of the blank holder which maintains a constant pressure on the sheet and thus prevents it from moving: (2) rapid descent of the punch until it comes into contact with the sheet, then ( 3) slow descent of the punch during the stamping phase, under proper stretching: and (4) rapid ascent of the central slide causing the blank holder in its ascent.

Ce procédé classique est illustré par le brevet FR-A-756.767 dans lequel l'ensemble de l'emboutissage se fait par étirage, donc diminution d'épaisseur de la tôle. Il apparaît que ce procédé classique ne permet pas l'emboutissage des tôles extra-minces (épaisseur < 50/100 de millimètres) car la rigidité de la matrice et du poinçon ainsi que le serrage de la tôle par le serre-flan généreraient des déformations non homogènes se traduisant dans certaines zones par des allongements susceptibles de provoquer un amincissement excessif compte tenu de la faible épaisseur initiale de la tôle et dans d'autres zones par des rétreints tendant à provoquer un épaississement de la tôle, qui conduisent en pratique à la formation de plis du fait de sa faible résistance au flambage (résistance évoluant en fonction du carré des épaisseurs). De plus, les variations de contraintes localisées dues à la forme de la pièce et aux tolérances de réalisation des outillages occasionnent des déchirures. Pour remédier au problème de la formation des plis, le brevet français ci-dessus propose ainsi des moyen logés dans le serre-flan qui assurent en eux-mêmes, un étirage supplémentaire de la tôle dans les zones ou son étirage est insuffisant par rapport à celui exercé par le poinçon dans les autres zones.This conventional process is illustrated by patent FR-A-756,767 in which all of the stamping is done by stretching, thus reducing the thickness of the sheet. It appears that this conventional process does not allow stamping of extra-thin sheets (thickness <50/100 of millimeters) because the rigidity of the die and the punch as well as the tightening of the sheet by the blank holder would generate deformations non-homogeneous resulting in certain areas by elongations likely to cause excessive thinning given the small initial thickness of the sheet and in other areas by shrinking tending to cause thickening of the sheet, which lead in practice to the formation of folds due to its low buckling resistance (resistance evolving as a function of the square of thicknesses). In addition, variations in localized stresses due to the shape of the part and the tolerances in the production of the tools cause tears. To remedy the problem of the formation of folds, the above French patent thus proposes means housed in the blank holder which ensure in themselves, an additional drawing of the sheet in the areas where its drawing is insufficient compared to that exerted by the punch in the other zones.

Ces difficultés sont également rencontrées lors de la réalisation de volumes anguleux pour des tôles relativement plus épaisses et bien évidemment aggravées pour des tôles extra-minces.These difficulties are also encountered when producing angular volumes for relatively thicker sheets and obviously aggravated for extra-thin sheets.

On connaît également un procédé dit "procédé Guerrin" selon lequel on forme au moyen d'un poinçon une feuille de tôle reposant sur une masse d'élastomère ayant une dureté shore élevée d'environ 90 compte tenu du fait qu'il faut, pour obtenir une précision dans l'obtention de la pièce, assurer le plaquage du flan de tôle sur le poinçon. Cependant, ce procédé a pour principal inconvénient de consommer une énergie importante. En effet, à l'énergie nécessaire au formege du flan de tôle, s'ajoute celle nécessaire à la formation de l'empreinte correspondant à la forme de la pièce dans la masse d'élastomère plus les frottements de celui-ci sur toute la surface de la pièce pendant l'opération de formage.There is also known a process called the "Guerrin process" according to which a sheet of sheet metal resting on a mass of elastomer having a high shore hardness of around 90 is formed by means of a punch, taking into account that obtain a precision in obtaining the part, ensure the plating of the sheet blank on the punch. However, the main drawback of this method is that it consumes significant energy. In fact, to the energy necessary to form the sheet blank, is added that necessary for the formation of the imprint corresponding to the shape of the part in the mass of elastomer plus the friction of the latter over the entire workpiece surface during the forming operation.

Ceci exclut la possibilité de réalisations de pièces de grandes dimensions obtenues par ce procédé sur les presses existantes.This excludes the possibility of realizing large parts obtained by this process on existing presses.

De plus, ce procédé n'évite pas la formation de plis, les gradients de pressions générés par la déformation de l'élastomère diminuant au fur et à mesure que l'on approche de la surface supérieure de la masse d'élastomère, surtout pour la réalisation de formes anguleuses, la tôle étant insuffisamment tenue à sa périphérie en raison du travail sur presse simple effet.In addition, this process does not prevent the formation of folds, the pressure gradients generated by the deformation of the elastomer decreasing as we approach the upper surface of the elastomer mass, especially for the production of angular shapes, the sheet being insufficiently held at its periphery due to the work on a single-effect press.

Enfin, on connaît un procédé de formage utilisant un fluide sous pression pour former des formes simples du type hémisphérique. Cependant cette technique n'est pas utilisable pour des formes compliquées car il est alors nécessaire de plaquer la tôle contre la matrice, ce qui ne peut être obtenu par cette technique.Finally, a forming process is known which uses a pressurized fluid to form simple shapes of the hemispherical type. However, this technique cannot be used for complicated shapes because it is then necessary to press the sheet against the matrix, which cannot be obtained by this technique.

C'est pourquoi, malgré les récents progrès importants des caractéristiques mécaniques des tôles d'acier à haute limite élastique, il n'a pas été possible de fabriquer des pièces de carrosserie ou autres en tôle extra-mince.This is why, in spite of recent significant progress in the mechanical characteristics of high elastic limit steel sheets, it has not been possible to manufacture bodywork or other parts from extra-thin sheet metal.

On connaît également dans le US-A-2.859.719, un procédé d'emboutissage qui met en oeuvre simultanément une combinaison de modes de fonctionnement relatifs à un emboutissage profond, à un emboutissage sur élastomère et à un emboutissage sous pression de fluide mettant en oeuvre des phases d'emboutissage et d'étirage de la tôle. L'élément à base d'élastomère n'est pas seulement constitué d'une masse d'élastomère, mais comporte en outre une vessie gonflable par un fluide qui l'apparente à une technique d'hydroformage.Also known from US-A-2,859,719 is a drawing process which simultaneously implements a combination of operating modes relating to deep drawing, drawing on an elastomer and drawing under fluid pressure using work of the stamping and drawing phases of the sheet. The elastomeric element is not only made of an elastomeric mass, but also comprises a bladder inflatable by a fluid which resembles it to a hydroforming technique.

Le but de l'invention est donc de fournir une technologie permettant d'emboutir des feuilles métalliques présentant des volumes anguleux et notamment des tôles d'acier extra-minces (< 50/100 mm), en grande série et dans des conditions économiques compétitives, sans formes de plis et à epaisseur sensiblement constante. Par tôles d'acier à haute limite élastique (HLE), on entend des aciers pour lesquels E > 350 MPa.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a technology for stamping metal sheets having angular volumes and in particular extra-thin steel sheets (<50/100 mm), in large series and under competitive economic conditions. , without folds and with a substantially constant thickness. By high elastic limit steel sheets (HLE) is meant steels for which E> 350 MPa.

L'invention a pour objet un procédé d'emboutissage à epaisseur sensiblement constante, sur une presse à double effet, selon lequel :

  • on dispose la tôle à former sur un support en un matériau élastique,
  • on applique un coulisseau extérieur sur la partie périphérique de la tôle,
  • puis on applique un coulisseau central sur la partie centrale de la tôle,
  • on déplace le coulisseau extérieur dont au moins une partie active vient en contact avec la partie périphérique de la tôle,
  • on comprime sous l'action d'au moins ladite partie active, la zone périphérique du support en un matériau élastique pour compenser, à epaisseur sensiblement constante de la tôle, dans certaines zones de la pièce finie les surfaces excédentaires par rapport au volume à former et provoquer le fluage dudit support et le préformage de la partie centrale de la tôle, à épaisseur sensiblement constante de ladite tôle, la partie périphérique de la tôle glissant sous ladite partie active du coulisseau extérieur et la surface de la partie centrale préformée de ladite tôle étant sensiblement égale à la surface de la pièce finie à obtenir,
  • et on déplace le coulisseau central en direction du support pour conformer les volumes anguleux et la partie centrale de la tôle par fluage final de ce support, ledit support en un matériau élastique jouant le rôle d'un poinçon.
The subject of the invention is a drawing process of substantially constant thickness, on a double-acting press, according to which:
  • the sheet to be formed is placed on a support made of an elastic material,
  • an external slide is applied to the peripheral part of the sheet,
  • then we apply a central slide on the central part of the sheet,
  • the external slide is moved, at least one active part of which comes into contact with the peripheral part of the sheet,
  • under the action of at least said active part, the peripheral zone of the support is compressed in an elastic material to compensate, at substantially constant thickness of the sheet, in certain zones of the finished part, the excess surfaces relative to the volume to be formed and cause the creep of said support and the preforming of the central part of the sheet, at substantially constant thickness of said sheet, the peripheral part of the sheet sliding under said active part of the outer slide and the surface of the preformed central part of said sheet. being substantially equal to the surface of the finished part to be obtained,
  • and the central slide is moved in the direction of the support to conform the angular volumes and the central part of the sheet by final creep of this support, said support made of an elastic material playing the role of a punch.

L'invention qui vise plus particulièrement les tôles ultra-minces permet d'obtenir la simultanéité et la coïncidence d'action de formage de la partie périphérique de la tôle dans certaines zones et la conformation de la partie centrale de la tôle. La partie du coulisseau central joue le rôle de fond de matrice et le support en matériau fluable celui de poinçon appliquant la tôle dans le fond de matrice pour former les volumes anguleux.The invention which relates more particularly to ultra-thin sheets makes it possible to obtain the simultaneity and the coincidence of the forming action of the peripheral part of the sheet in certain zones and the conformation of the central part of the sheet. The part of the central slide plays the role of bottom of matrix and the support in flowable material that of punch applying the sheet in the bottom of matrix to form the angular volumes.

Ainsi l'invention repose sur le principe de l'égalité des surfaces du flan de tôle plane initiale et l'ébauche conformée correspond rigoureusement à la forme de la pièce emboutie désirée, augmentée des surfaces périphériques excédentaires conformées sous serre-flan, conditionnant ainsi le maintien à épaisseur sensiblement constante de la tôle d'égalité des contraintes qui sera expliqué ci-après.Thus the invention is based on the principle of equality of the surfaces of the initial flat sheet metal blank and the shaped blank strictly corresponds to the shape of the stamped part desired, increased by the excess peripheral surfaces shaped under blank holder, thus conditioning the maintaining a substantially constant thickness of the sheet of equal stress which will be explained below.

Suivant d'autres caractéristiques importantes :

  • on amène dans un premier temps le coulisseau central dans une position dans laquelle il limite la déformation de la partie centrale de la tôle sous l'effet du fluage du matériau de support :
  • on prévoit sur la partie active du coulisseau extérieur et sur le support des moyens anti-friction ;
  • le matériau constituant le support est un élastomère à faible dureté shore, par exemple inférieure à 30 et de préférence inférieure à 10 ;
  • on provoque une décompression du matériau constituant le support ;
  • on refroidit la masse du matériau de support.
According to other important characteristics:
  • we first bring the slide central in a position in which it limits the deformation of the central part of the sheet under the effect of the creep of the support material:
  • anti-friction means are provided on the active part of the external slide and on the support;
  • the material constituting the support is an elastomer with low shore hardness, for example less than 30 and preferably less than 10;
  • the material constituting the support is decompressed;
  • the mass of the support material is cooled.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif d'emboutissage du type comprenant un support en un matériau élastique contre lequel est appliquée la tôle à former, un premier coulisseau extérieur ou serre-flan et un deuxième coulisseau central caractérisé en ce que le support en un matériau élastique comprend un élastomère ayant une dureté shore A inférieure à 30, et le coulisseau extérieur comporte au moins une partie active destinée à venir en contact avec la partie peripherique de la tôle et à provoquer par fluage du support, le préformage de la partie centrale de la tôle, à épaisseur sensiblement constante de ladite tôle, la surface de ladite partie centrale préformie étant sensiblement égale à la surface de la piéce finie à obtenue.The invention also relates to a drawing device of the type comprising a support made of an elastic material against which the sheet metal to be formed is applied, a first external slide or blank holder and a second central slide characterized in that the support in an elastic material comprises an elastomer having a shore A hardness of less than 30, and the external slide comprises at least one active part intended to come into contact with the peripheral part of the sheet and to cause the part to be preformed by creeping central of the sheet, with a substantially constant thickness of said sheet, the surface of said preformed central part being substantially equal to the surface of the finished part obtained.

Le matériau de support élastique est de préférence facilement fluable, par exemple un élastomère ayant une dureté shore A inférieure à 30 et de préférence inférieure à 10.The elastic support material is preferably easily flowable, for example an elastomer having a shore A hardness of less than 30 and preferably less than 10.

Suivant d'autres caractéristiques :

  • le support et la partie active du coulisseau ont des propriétés anti-friction ;
  • il est prévu des organes qui, dans un premier temps, sont en saillie dans la masse du matériau de support et qui dans un second temps, peuvent être rétractées, pour provoquer une décompression dudit matériau ;
  • il est prévu des moyens de refroidissement dans la masse du matériau constituant le support ;
  • il est prévu des moyens de décollage de la pièce finie du matériau de support.
According to other characteristics:
  • the support and the active part of the slide have anti-friction properties;
  • there are provided members which, at first, protrude into the mass of the support material and which, secondly, can be retracted, to cause decompression of said material;
  • means are provided for cooling in the mass of the material constituting the support;
  • means are provided for removing the finished part from the support material.

L'invention est exposée ci-après plus en détail à l'aide des dessins annexés, qui en représentent un mode de réalisation sur ces dessins :

  • les Fig. 1 à 5 sont des vues schématiques en coupe du dispositif schématique selon l'invention, au cours des étapes successives du formage d'une pièce ;
  • la Fig. 6 est une vue en perspective d'une pièce parallèlépipède formée selon l'invention ;
  • les Fig. 7 et 8 en sont deux vues partielles en coupe de la pièce de la Fig. 6 .
  • les Fig. 9 et 10 sont deux vues schématiques montrant respectivement une feuille rectangulaire plane et une pièce parallèlépipède formée de manière classique par pliage.
The invention is set out below in more detail with the aid of the appended drawings, which show an embodiment of these drawings:
  • Figs. 1 to 5 are schematic sectional views of the schematic device according to the invention, during the successive stages of the forming of a part;
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a parallelepiped part formed according to the invention;
  • Figs. 7 and 8 are two partial sectional views of the part of FIG. 6.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 are two schematic views respectively showing a flat rectangular sheet and a parallelepiped piece formed conventionally by folding.

Le dispositif de la Fig. 1 en position avant formage, comprend les éléments constitutifs habituels d'une presse à double effet, et par conséquent seule la partie relative à l'invention est représentée.The device of FIG. 1 in position before forming, comprises the usual constituent elements of a double-acting press, and therefore only the part relating to the invention is shown.

Un coulisseau extérieur ou serre-flan 1 porte une partie périphérique 10 formant matrice qui présente dans ses angles une forme appropriée en relief 11 venue de matière avec la matrice périphérique 10 (cette forme en relief 11 correspond à la surface excédentaire par rapport au volume à former de la pièce que l'on désire réaliser, par exemple telle qu'illustrée à la Fig. 6) et sa surface active est soigneusement polie afin de permettre le déplacement de l'excès de matière lors du formage ; cette surface active peut aussi être traitée pour faciliter le glissement de la matière.An external slide or blank holder 1 carries a peripheral part 10 forming a matrix which has in its angles an appropriate relief shape 11 formed integrally with the peripheral matrix 10 (this relief shape 11 corresponds to the surface area in excess with respect to the volume to be form the part that you want to make, for example as illustrated in Fig. 6) and its active surface is carefully polished to allow the movement of excess material during forming; this active surface can also be treated to facilitate the sliding of the material.

Le coulisseau central 2 porte un fond de matrice 2a et se trouve en position relevée, tandis que le flan de tôle 7 à former est posé au centre d'un support 4 disposé dans un conteneur 3 (plateau).The central slide 2 carries a bottom of the matrix 2a and is in the raised position, while the sheet blank 7 to be formed is placed in the center of a support 4 disposed in a container 3 (tray).

Le support 4 en matière élastique facilement fluable joue par déformation le rôle de poinçon.The support 4 of easily flowable elastic material plays the role of punch by deformation.

Le support 4 est constitué par un élastomère ayant une dureté shore inférieure à 30 et de préférence inferieure à 10, une caractéristique très importante résidant dans le temps de retour rapide du matériau (de préférence inférieur à 1 seconde) à sa forme initiale. On peut, par exemple, utiliser une mousse de caoutchouc naturel ayant une dureté shore d'environ 15 et ayant un temps de déformation très court de l'ordre de 1 s. Il est aussi possible d'utiliser d'autres gels ou mousses classiques ayant de préférence une grande plasticité, par exemple des élastomères de silicone, ou des mousses alvéolaires dont les alvéoles peuvent être remplis de liquide.The support 4 is constituted by an elastomer having a shore hardness less than 30 and preferably less than 10, a very important characteristic residing in the rapid return time of the material (preferably less than 1 second) to its initial shape. One can, for example, use a natural rubber foam having a shore hardness of about 15 and having a very short deformation time of the order of 1 s. It is also possible to use other conventional gels or foams, preferably having high plasticity, for example silicone elastomers, or cellular foams, the cells of which can be filled with liquid.

On peut également utiliser un support composite constitué d'une masse sensiblement parallèlépipédique à base d'un élastomère de silicone ayant une dureté shore de 10 à 20, recouvert sur sa face supérieure et sur la totalité ou une partie de ses faces latérales d'une peau relativement mince (par exemple de 10 à 15 mm) et d'un matériau plus résistant et plus dur tel qu'une silicone de dureté shore 50 ou du téflon ayant des propriétés antifriction favorables.It is also possible to use a composite support consisting of a substantially parallelepiped mass based on a silicone elastomer having a shore hardness of 10 to 20, covered on its upper face and on all or part of its lateral faces with a relatively thin skin (for example 10 to 15 mm) and of a more resistant and harder material such as a silicone of shore hardness 50 or of teflon having favorable antifriction properties.

Des organes rétractables 5 (chandelles ou vessies gonflables) font saillie dans l'élastomère servant de support 4, et leur volume inséré représente approximativement le volume de détente de l'élastomère après le formage.Retractable members 5 (inflatable candles or bladders) protrude into the elastomer serving as a support 4, and their inserted volume represents approximately the expansion volume of the elastomer after forming.

Le support 4 est recouvert d'une feuille de matière plastique 8, par exemple de "Teflon", interposée entre la tôle 7 et l'élastomère, qui peut être le cas échéant collée ou soudée à l'élastomère et qui a pour but principal de faciliter le glissement de la tôle lors du formage, mais elle peut de plus servir à la protection de l'élastomère comme indiqué dans la structure composite précédente.The support 4 is covered with a plastic sheet 8, for example of "Teflon", interposed between the sheet 7 and the elastomer, which can be optionally glued or welded to the elastomer and which has the main purpose of facilitating the sliding of the sheet during forming, but it can also serve to protect the elastomer as indicated in the preceding composite structure.

Le support 4 comporte des conduits 6 permettant la circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement tel que l'air comprimé. D'autres conduits 9, notamment lorsque de l'air comprimé est utilisé, peuvent servir au décollage de la pièce finie. Pour le refroidissement de la masse de support 4, on peut également prévoir des fils métalliques noyés ou une charge en poudre métallique améliorant la conductibilité thermique.The support 4 includes conduits 6 allowing the circulation of a cooling fluid such as compressed air. Other conduits 9, in particular when compressed air is used, can be used to take off from the finished part. For cooling the support mass 4, it is also possible to provide embedded metal wires or a metal powder charge improving the thermal conductivity.

La Fig. 2. représente l'étape de pré-formage de la pièce. On fait descendre le coulisseau serre-flan 1 portant la matrice périphérique 10. Celle-ci entre en contact avec le flan de tôle 7 qui comprime par réaction le support d'élastomère 4. L'élastomère, sous l'effet de cette action de compression périphérique agit par fluage sur la zone centrale du flan de tôle et provoque sa déformation.Fig. 2. represents the pre-forming stage of the part. The blank holder slider 1 is lowered carrying the peripheral matrix 10. The latter comes into contact with the sheet blank 7 which compresses by reaction the elastomer support 4. The elastomer, under the effect of this action of peripheral compression acts by creep on the central zone of the sheet blank and causes its deformation.

Le gonflement de la partie centrale du flan de tôle est limité par le fond de matrice 2a fixé au coulisseau central 2 afin d'éviter les déformations erratiques incontrôlées dues à l'anisotropie du métal ou à des formes de pièces dissymétriques. Selon une des caractéristiques de l'invention, la descente du coulisseau serre-flan 1 portant la matrice périphérique 10 est limitée par des butées mécaniques réglables 12 de façon telle que la déformation dans sa partie centrale du flan de tôle donne une surface sensiblement égale à celle de la pièce finie à obtenir.The swelling of the central part of the sheet blank is limited by the matrix bottom 2a fixed to the central slide 2 in order to avoid uncontrolled erratic deformations due to the anisotropy of the metal or to forms of asymmetrical parts. According to one of the characteristics of the invention, the descent of the blank holder slide 1 carrying the peripheral matrix 10 is limited by adjustable mechanical stops 12 so that the deformation in its central part of the sheet blank gives a surface area substantially equal to that of the finished part to be obtained.

La Fig. 3 représente l'étape de conformation finale de la pièce. Le coulisseau central 2 portant le fond de matrice 2a descend à sa position basse et provoque le formage final de la partie centrale de la tôle 7, préformée au cours de l'opération précédente.Fig. 3 represents the final shaping stage of the part. The central slide 2 carrying the bottom of the die 2a descends to its low position and causes the final forming of the central part of the sheet 7, preformed during the previous operation.

Les contraintes de compression dues à l'appui du fond de matrice 2a sur le sommet de la tôle se transforment par l'action de l'élastomère 4, agissant sur la face opposée de la tôle, en contraintes de traction exercées sur toute la surface de la tôle non compensée par la présence du fond de matrice 2a et, provoquent le déplacement de cette tôle dans tout le volume disponible.The compression stresses due to the support of the bottom of the matrix 2a on the top of the sheet are transformed by the action of the elastomer 4, acting on the opposite face of the sheet, into tensile stresses exerted on the entire surface. of the sheet not compensated by the presence of the bottom of the matrix 2a and, cause the displacement of this sheet in the entire available volume.

Ces contraintes (compression, traction) tendent ainsi à s'annuler (au rendement près de l'élastomère) permettant ainsi la réalisation finale de la pièce avec un minimum de variation d'épaisseur. Ces conditions sont nécessaires dans le cas particulier du formage des tôles extra-minces.These stresses (compression, traction) thus tend to cancel each other (at yield near the elastomer) thus allowing the final production of the part with a minimum variation in thickness. These conditions are necessary in the particular case of forming extra-thin sheets.

La Fig. 4 représente l'étape de décompression du support d'élastomère 4 par retrait des chandelles 5. Cette opération a pour but d'éviter la déformation de la pièce emboutie par réaction de détente de l'élastomère.Fig. 4 represents the step of decompression of the elastomer support 4 by removal of the candles 5. This operation aims to avoid the deformation of the stamped part by expansion reaction of the elastomer.

La Fig. 5 représente l'étape de libération de la pièce formée 7, par remontée simultanée des deux coulisseaux 1 et 2 portant les matrices. Pour limiter l'échauffement du support d'élastomère 4, notamment lors du travail en série, on fait circuler de l'air comprimé dans les conduits 6. Le refroidissement du support 4 peut aussi être effectué lors de l'étape précédente de décompression (Fig. 4). Par ailleurs, de l'air comprimé est envoyé par les conduits 9 pour permettre le décollage de la pièce 7.Fig. 5 shows the step of releasing the formed part 7, by simultaneously raising the two sliders 1 and 2 carrying the dies. To limit the heating of the elastomer support 4, especially when working in series, compressed air is circulated in the conduits 6. The cooling of the support 4 can also be performed during the previous decompression step (Fig. 4). Furthermore, compressed air is sent through the conduits 9 to allow the part 7 to take off.

La Fig. 6 représente un exemple de réalisation selon l'invention d'une pièce en tôle d'acier HLE E=60 kg/mm² de 40/100 mm, ayant sensiblement la forme d'un parallèlépipède rectangle de 1,5 m² de surface. Deux vues en coupe selon les lignes 7 et 8 permettent de voir que les surfaces excédentes de matière, lors du formage du coin 13, ont été déplacées vers la base 13a de l'angle de la pièce d'une manière correspondante aux formes en relief 11 de la matrice périphérique 10. Par la suite une opération de détourage de la pièce permet d'éliminer les bords indésirables 15 et de lui donner sa forme définitive.Fig. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment according to the invention of a piece of sheet steel HLE E = 60 kg / mm² of 40/100 mm, having substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped of 1.5 m² in area. Two sectional views along lines 7 and 8 show that the excess surfaces of material, during the forming of the corner 13, have been moved towards the base 13a of the corner of the part in a manner corresponding to the relief shapes. 11 of the peripheral matrix 10. Thereafter an operation of trimming the part makes it possible to eliminate the undesirable edges 15 and to give it its final shape.

En effet on peut réaliser un parallèlépipède rectangle (tel que représenté à la Fig. 6) en partant d'une feuille rectangulaire plane (représentée à la Fig. 9) par pliage Fig. 10)à la condition de découper un carré 50 à chaque angle de la feuille.Indeed, a rectangular parallelepiped (as shown in FIG. 6) can be produced starting from a flat rectangular sheet (shown in FIG. 9) by folding FIG. 10) on the condition of cutting a square 50 at each corner of the sheet.

Mais, pour réaliser cette pièce en emboutissage, ce carré 50 existe et représente de la matière en excédent. Or le but visé par la présente invention est d'éviter la formation de toute sur-épaisseur ou amincissement qui risquerait de générer des plis ou des déchirures notamment dans les tôles ultra-minces présentant en particulier des volumes anguleux profonds.However, to produce this part by stamping, this square 50 exists and represents excess material. However, the aim of the present invention is to avoid the formation of any excess thickness or thinning which would risk generating folds or tears, in particular in ultra-thin sheets having in particular deep angular volumes.

La technique de réalisation des angles d'un volume embouti décrite ci-dessus constitue une solution à ce problème.The technique for producing the angles of a stamped volume described above constitutes a solution to this problem.

En effet, la matrice d'emboutissage possède à chacun de ses angles une forme appropriée en relief 11 qui va former en creux à la base de chacun des angles de la pièce à obtenir une forme concave progressive de surface équivalente à l'excédent de matière, par exemple, le carré 50 mentionné au paragraphe précédent (formage d'un parallèlépipède rectangle).Indeed, the stamping die has at each of its angles a suitable shape in relief 11 which will form in hollow at the base of each of the angles of the part to obtain a progressive concave shape of surface equivalent to the excess of material , for example, the square 50 mentioned in the previous paragraph (forming a rectangular parallelepiped).

Les contraintes de compression dues à l'excédent de matière généré par la forme de la pièce se trouve donc compensées par des contraintes de traction équivalentes générées par la forme de l'outil (absorption de l'excédent de matière).The compression stresses due to the excess material generated by the shape of the part is therefore compensated by equivalent tensile stresses generated by the shape of the tool (absorption of the excess material).

Le procédé selon l'invention permet ainsi :

  • de limiter au maximum l'amincissement du flan de tôle malgré sa fabile épaisseur initiale ;
  • d'éviter les concentrations de contraintes ; et
  • de réaliser le formage des angles sans formation de plis.
The method according to the invention thus allows:
  • limit as much as possible the thinning of the sheet blank despite its fabulous initial thickness;
  • avoid stress concentrations; and
  • to form the angles without forming folds.

De plus le dispositif selon l'invention est adaptable sur les presses à double effet existantes.In addition, the device according to the invention is adaptable to existing double-acting presses.

L'invention peut s'avérer particulièrement utile pour la réalisation en tôle d'acier ultra-mince de pièces de carrosserie d'automobiles, de fuselage d'avions, etc ; mais elle peut aussi s'appliquer à l'emboutissage de feuilles plus épaisses de divers métaux.The invention may prove to be particularly useful for the production of ultra-thin sheet steel of automobile body parts, of aircraft fuselage, etc .; but it can also be applied to the stamping of thicker sheets of various metals.

En outre on peut noter, dans ce mode de réalisation de l'emboutissage sur coussin d'élastomère, que l'état de surface de la face de la tôle en contact avec l'élastomère est intégralement conservé, de sorte qu'il est envisageable de former des tôles préalablement revêtues sans blesser la pellicule de revêtement superficiel lors de l'emboutissage, même s'il s'agit d'une pellicule de peinture, de colle ou de tout autre revêtement organique.In addition, it can be noted, in this embodiment of the stamping on an elastomer cushion, that the surface condition of the face of the sheet in contact with the elastomer is fully preserved, so that it is conceivable to form previously coated sheets without injuring the surface coating film during stamping, even if it is a film of paint, glue or any other organic coating.

Claims (19)

  1. Method for press-forming sheets having a substantially constant thickness, on a double action press, according to which:
    - the sheet (7) to be formed is disposed on a support (4) of elastic material,
    - an outer slide (1) is applied to the peripheral part of the sheet (7),
    - then a central slide (2) is applied to the central portion of the sheet (7),
    - the outer slide (1) is moved, whereof at least one active part (11) comes into contact with the peripheral part of the sheet (7),
    - under the action of at least said active part (11), the peripheral portion of the support (4) of elastic material is compressed in order to compensate, for a substantially constant thickness of the sheet, in certain regions of the finished part, for the excess areas relative to the volume to be formed, and to cause the flow of said support (4) and the pre-forming of the central part of the sheet (7), the peripheral portion of the sheet (7) sliding under said active part (11) of the outer slide (1) and the surface of the preformed central part of said sheet (7) being substantially equal to the surface of the finished part to be obtained,
    - and the central slide (2) is displaced in the direction of the support (4) so as to shape the angular volumes and the central portion of the sheet (7) by a final flow of this support (4), the said support of an elastic material fulfilling the function of a punch.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that in a first stage the central slide (2) is brought into a position in which it limits the deformation of the central portion of the sheet under the effect of the flow of the support material.
  3. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that anti-friction means are provided on the active part (10) of the outer slide (1) and on the support (4).
  4. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the material constituting the support (4) is an elastomer having a low Shore hardness.
  5. Method according to Claim 4, characterised in that the elastomer has a Shore hardness lower than 30.
  6. Method according to Claim 4, characterised in that the elastomer has a Shore hardness lower than 10.
  7. Method according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the elastomer is a silicone elastomer.
  8. Method according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the support (4) is a composite support constituted by a material based on a silicone elastomer having a low Shore hardness, covered on its upper side and on at least part of its side faces by a thin skin of a stronger and harder material.
  9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that a decompression of the material constituting the support (4) is brought about.
  10. Method according to Claim 9, characterised in that the decompression of the material constituting the support (4) is brought about after the forming operation proper.
  11. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the mass of the support material is cooled.
  12. Press-forming device of the type comprising a support (4) of elastic material on which the sheet (7) to be formed is placed, an outer slide (1) and a central slide (2), said support occupying the entire surface corresponding to the outer slide and the central slide, characterised in that the support (4) of an elastic material comprises an elastomer having a Shore hardness A less than 30 and the outer slide (1) comprises at least one active part (11) intended to come into contact with the peripheral portion of the sheet (7) and to cause, by the flow of the support (4), the preforming of the central part of the sheet (7), for a substantially constant thickness of said sheet, the surface of said preformed central part being substantially equal to the surface of the finished part to be obtained.
  13. Device according to Claim 12, characterised in that the elastomer has a Shore hardness lower than 10.
  14. Device according to one of Claims 12 or 13, characterised in that the elastomer is a silicone elastomer.
  15. Device according to Claim 12, characterised in that the support (4) is a composite support constituted by a material based on a silicone elastomer having a low Shore hardness, covered on its upper face and on at least part of its side faces by a thin skin of a stronger and harder material.
  16. Device according to one of Claims 12 to 15, characterised in that the support and the active part of the slide have anti friction properties.
  17. Device according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterised in that retractable members (5) are provided, which in a first stage project into the mass of the support material (4) and which, in a second stage, can be retracted.
  18. Device according to one of Claims 12 to 17, characterised in that means (6) are provided for cooling the mass of material constituting the support (4).
  19. Device according to one of Claims 12 to 18, characterised in that means (9) are provided for stripping the finished part from the support material (4).
EP85400946A 1984-05-17 1985-05-14 Method and apparatus for stamping sheet metal Expired - Lifetime EP0165133B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85400946T ATE102510T1 (en) 1984-05-17 1985-05-14 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STAMPING A METAL PLATE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8407678 1984-05-17
FR8407678A FR2564339B1 (en) 1984-05-17 1984-05-17 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STAMPING SHEETS.

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EP (2) EP0165133B1 (en)
JP (2) JPS6138721A (en)
KR (1) KR930004864B1 (en)
AT (2) ATE102510T1 (en)
AU (1) AU581659B2 (en)
BR (2) BR8502328A (en)
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FR3005880B1 (en) * 2013-05-22 2015-05-29 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa PROCESS FOR PADLING A WORKPIECE, IN PARTICULAR BODY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE, WITH IMPROVED CLAMP SOCKET
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TWI599476B (en) * 2015-06-16 2017-09-21 National Kaohsiung First Univ Of Science And Technology Molding mold with rubber pressure plate
CN105215192A (en) * 2015-11-06 2016-01-06 北京动力机械研究所 A kind of dark parabola shaped tensioning member single mode building mortion of thin-walled and method
CN112775271B (en) * 2020-12-24 2023-05-23 中航贵州飞机有限责任公司 Technological method for punching and making grooves by using sheet metal part rubber
CN113560827B (en) * 2021-08-17 2022-09-20 浙江盛林汽车部件有限公司 Stretching forming process of sleeve for automobile chassis

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Also Published As

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MX163280B (en) 1992-03-31
JPH0224610B2 (en) 1990-05-30
JPH0536133B2 (en) 1993-05-28
ES8701546A1 (en) 1986-12-16
FR2564339B1 (en) 1987-12-24
EP0238099A3 (en) 1989-08-09
ES557038A0 (en) 1987-05-01
ATE102510T1 (en) 1994-03-15
AU4260885A (en) 1985-11-21
ES8704769A1 (en) 1987-05-01
EP0238099B1 (en) 1991-10-02
BR8705581A (en) 1990-05-01
FR2564339A1 (en) 1985-11-22
DE3587770D1 (en) 1994-04-14
ATE67941T1 (en) 1991-10-15
AU581659B2 (en) 1989-03-02
KR930004864B1 (en) 1993-06-09
US4833903A (en) 1989-05-30
EP0238099A2 (en) 1987-09-23
ES543907A0 (en) 1986-12-16
DE3587770T2 (en) 1994-10-27
EP0165133A1 (en) 1985-12-18
BR8502328A (en) 1986-01-21
CA1296581C (en) 1992-03-03
KR850008115A (en) 1985-12-13
JPH02165822A (en) 1990-06-26
ZA853618B (en) 1985-12-24
JPS6138721A (en) 1986-02-24
DE3584291D1 (en) 1991-11-07

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