EP0231677B1 - Method and apparatus for stamping sheet materials with slight elongation - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for stamping sheet materials with slight elongation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0231677B1 EP0231677B1 EP86402621A EP86402621A EP0231677B1 EP 0231677 B1 EP0231677 B1 EP 0231677B1 EP 86402621 A EP86402621 A EP 86402621A EP 86402621 A EP86402621 A EP 86402621A EP 0231677 B1 EP0231677 B1 EP 0231677B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- cushion
- slide
- central
- blank holder
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/10—Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process and a device for stamping sheet materials with low elongation and more particularly, but not limited to steels with high elastic limit, called HLE.
- the stamping of large parts is usually done by drawing with double effect presses, mechanical or hydraulic.
- These devices essentially comprise a fixed matrix and two independent slides, a central slide, called a plunger carrying a punch, and an external slide reserved for hold-down operations, that is to say sufficient support allowing by reaction the stretching under the punch.
- the movements are generally as follows: (1) rapid descent of the blank holder which maintains constant pressure on the sheet and thus prevents it from moving; (2) rapid descent of the punch until it comes into contact with the sheet, then (3) slow descent of the punch during the stamping phase, under actual drawing; and (4) rapid ascent of the central slide causing the blank holder to rise.
- This high pressure promotes seizure, and causes rapid wear of the blank holder and the matrix entry spokes.
- the second difficulty encountered in the drawing of HLE steels comes from the folding of the sheet in the central part of the stamping during the attack of the punch.
- At least one active part is provided on the first external slide, the shape of which corresponds to the surface area excess with respect to the volume to be formed, this active part acting on the peripheral part of the sheet itself in contact, by its other side, with the elastic cushion.
- This technique consists in deforming in successive stages the sheet blank starting from its periphery, that is to say falling an edge. It allows very large deformations insofar as, at each step, the parameters for reducing the surface under the blank holder act so as to keep the thickness of the sheet substantially constant.
- this technique would not allow complex shapes to be obtained in the central part of the stamping.
- it essentially aims at obtaining deep-drawn stamps of simple shape through the use of successive peripheral deformations produced by the falling of the edges.
- the present invention aims to obtain deep-drawn parts of medium depth, but large areas such as automobile parts, the central parts of which are practically never forms of revolution but represent complex shapes which cannot be developed.
- the present invention relates to a process for stamping sheet materials, in particular sheet metal, on a double-acting press of the type comprising a cushion made of an elastic material according to which the sheet metal to be formed is placed on a support, a first slide is applied.
- a second central slide is applied to the central part of the sheet, characterized in that the peripheral part of the sheet to be formed is placed on a lower blank holder forming a container for the cushion of elastic material and whose upper face for holding the sheet is located at a level higher than that of the working face of the elastic cushion, the first external slide is applied, the body of which has a section smaller than that of the lower blank holder and which has at its periphery an upper blank holder cooperating with the lower blank holder to tighten the sheet, the outer slide is continued to descend against the elastic cushion to drop an edge of the sheet blank and cause the mass of the elastic cushion to creep in order to deform the central part of the sheet so as to give it a surface substantially equal to the surface of the finished part to be obtained, then the central slide is moved to conform the angular volumes and the central part of the sheet by final creep of the support.
- the essential characteristic of the invention resides in the falling of a peripheral edge which has the object of which is to reduce the volume of metal to be shrunk and consequently leads to a reduction in the pressure corresponding to the punch, that is to say in the case of elastoforming on an elastic cushion according to the present invention, to a reduction in the pressure in this cushion.
- the surface of the central slide in contact with the sheet plays the role of the bottom of the matrix and the elastic cushion of flowable material that of a punch applying the sheet in the bottom of the matrix to form the angular volumes.
- an external slide is then used whose working face in contact with the sheet, forming a peripheral matrix, includes active parts as described in the patent FR 8,407,678 in combination with the edge falling operation according to the present invention. It should be noted that these active parts form a relief that is both convex and concave according to the most advantageous technical arrangement for the part considered.
- These active parts can also be placed in the bottom of the matrix carried by the central slide when they correspond to areas of the finished part which are intended to be eliminated by subsequent cutting.
- the subject of the invention is also a stamping device of the type comprising a support on which the sheet metal to be formed is placed, a first external slide, a second central slide and a cushion made of an elastic material, characterized in that the support is constituted by a lower peripheral blank holder forming a container for the cushion of elastic material, and the sheet holding surface of which is situated at a level higher than that of the elastic cushion, the external slide having a body of section smaller than that of the lower blank holder to penetrate the latter by making a falling edge of the sheet blank and reach the cushion of elastic material and cause its creep, the outer part of the outer slider carrying an upper peripheral blank holder cooperating with the blank holder lower to tighten the sheet, and the central slide carrying a bottom of matrix.
- the external slide comprises on its lower face forming a peripheral matrix at least one active part in convex or concave relief, the shape of which corresponds to the excess surface of the sheet, of substantially constant thickness, with respect to the volume to be formed.
- the central slide carries a matrix bottom comprising at least one active part in concave or convex relief corresponding to the excess surface of the sheet, with thickness substantially constant with respect to the volume to be formed.
- the elastic support material is preferably easily flowable, for example an elastomer having a Shore 00 hardness of less than 30.
- the device of FIG. 1 in position before forming comprises the usual constituent elements of a double-acting press, and therefore only the part relating to the invention is shown.
- An external slide 1 carries at its external part an upper peripheral blank holder 2 which cooperates with a lower peripheral blank holder 3 forming a support on which there is a sheet to be stamped.
- the lower peripheral blank holder 3 forms a container in which is housed an elastic cushion 5 occupying the entire surface of this container.
- the sheet holding surface 6 is located at a level higher than the upper working face 7 of the elastic cushion.
- the outer slider 1 comprises a body 8 whose outer section is less than the inner section of the lower blank holder 3, so that the underside 9 of the outer slider opposite the sheet 4, can, in the absence of this last, enter the lower blank holder 3 to reach the cushion 5 of elastic material and cause its creep.
- the central slide 10 carries a bottom of the matrix 11, the peripheral part of the matrix being constituted by the lower face 9 of the external slide 1.
- the outer slider 1 and the central slider 10 are actuated in synchronism as will be seen below and play, by their lower faces 9 and 11, the role of matrix, the cushion 5 of elastic material playing the role of punch during operation.
- the cushion 5 made of elastic material consists of an elastomer having a Shore 00 hardness less than 30, a very important characteristic residing in the rapid return time of the material (preferably less than 1 second) to its initial shape.
- the bottom of the matrix (11) carried by the central slide is made of a material easy to machine or to shape such as a plastic material, in particular a polyurethane, polyepoxy, a polyester, a concrete, a concrete with resin added, a composite material, these materials possibly being loaded with fibers, in particular glass; or hardwood such as boxwood.
- a plastic material in particular a polyurethane, polyepoxy, a polyester, a concrete, a concrete with resin added, a composite material, these materials possibly being loaded with fibers, in particular glass; or hardwood such as boxwood.
- Retractable members 12 inflatable candles or bladders protrude into the elastic cushion 5, and their inserted volume represents approximately the expansion volume of the elastomer after forming.
- the cushion 5 comprises conduits 13 allowing the circulation of a cooling fluid such as compressed air.
- Other conduits 14, in particular when compressed air is used, can be used to take off from the finished part.
- FIG. 2 represents the step of falling off the edge 20 of the part which is housed in the annular space 21 formed outside the body 8 of the external slide 1 as indicated in FIG. 1
- the outer slide 1 is lowered, carrying the peripheral matrix 9.
- the latter comes into contact with the sheet blank 4 whose peripheral part is progressively clamped between the upper 2 and lower 3 blank clamps to avoid its scalloping.
- peripheral matrix 9 forms a fallen edge 20 of the sheet blank and simultaneously compresses by reaction the elastomer cushion 5.
- the latter under the effect of this peripheral compression action acts by creep on the central area of the blank of sheet metal and causes its deformation.
- the swelling of the central part of the sheet blank is limited by the die bottom 11 fixed to the central slide 10 in order to avoid uncontrolled erratic deformations due to the anisotropy of the metal or of the shapes of asymmetrical parts.
- the descent of the outer slide 1 carrying the peripheral matrix 9 is limited in such a way that the deformation in the central part of the sheet blank gives a surface substantially equal to that of the finished part to be obtained.
- FIG. 3 represents the stage of final shaping of the part.
- the central slide 10 carrying the bottom of the matrix 11 descends to its low position and causes the final forming of the central part of the sheet 4, preformed during the previous operation.
- FIG. 4 represents the step of decompression of the elastomer cushion 5, by withdrawal of the candles 12. The aim of this operation is to avoid deformation of the stamped part by expansion reaction of the elastomer.
- FIG. 5 represents the step of releasing the formed part 21, by simultaneous ascent of the opdeux slides 1 and 10 carrying the dies.
- compressed air is circulated in the conduits 13.
- the cooling of the elastomer 5 can also be carried out during the previous step of decompression (Fig. 4).
- compressed air is sent through the conduits 14 to allow the part 21 to take off.
- the outer slide 1 carries a peripheral matrix 9 which has in its angles an appropriate shape in convex relief, that is to say forming a projection 22 formed integrally with the peripheral matrix 9 (this relief shape 22 corresponds to the surface area in excess of the volume to be formed of the part that is to be produced) its active surface is carefully polished so as to allow the displacement of the excess material during forming; this active surface can also be treated to facilitate the sliding of the sheet.
- the external slide 1 carries a peripheral matrix 9 in which are concave active parts, that is to say hollow 23, which play the same role as the parts 22 of FIG. 6, the arrangement of which is chosen for reasons of optimization of the stamped part.
- the active parts 23 may possibly be arranged in areas of the stamped, which will be eliminated by cutting in the finished part. It is also possible to place active parts 24 having the functional role defined below in the bottom of the matrix 11 carried by the central slide 10 when these active parts 24 are located in central zones of the stamping which will be eliminated by cutting in the finished part or when the latter corresponds to the part of the sheet metal located essentially under the outer slide.
- This variant is more especially intended for the production of complex shapes with sharp angles of the central part of. the stamped.
- Stamping by turning as described above with its falling edge makes it possible to reduce the pressure necessary for forming the sheet by reversing the traditional punch cycle.
- the pressure which was exerted only for the forming of the sheet on the equivalent of the matrix entry radii, is applied after this inversion on the entire central surface of the stamped.
- the pressure necessary for this pre-forming of the sheet is very low (value comprised at most between 10 and 20 bars (1 and 2 MPa).
- This low pressure regime thus makes it possible to form large areas and to create a new double-effect tool technique with an elastomer matrix of low Shore hardness which can be adapted to existing body presses.
- the first phase of the stamping operation consists in making the peripheral edges (Fig. 2) fall from the blank by the external slider 1.
- the first phase simultaneously sees the realization of the curved preforming surface which causes the expansion of the sheet and thus prevents the formation of folds.
- the curvature of the surface being mainly obtained by the multidirectional bending of the sheet, which allows during the shaping operation second and last phase of the stamping operation which will modify these bends, a very great potential for rearrangement of shapes .
- sheet metal must be given a general meaning of a thin plate of sheet material without wanting to limit its scope to metallic products.
- the process of the present invention can also be used for thermoforming sheet materials.
- the materials can be previously heated to a temperature which does not degrade the material constituting the elastic cushion.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Packaging For Recording Disks (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)
- Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé et un dispositif d'emboutissage de matériaux en feuille à faible allongement et plus particulièrement bien que non limitativement d'aciers à haute limite élastique, dénomés HLE.The present invention relates to a process and a device for stamping sheet materials with low elongation and more particularly, but not limited to steels with high elastic limit, called HLE.
L'emboutissage des pièces de grandes dimensions se fait habituellement par étirage avec des presses à double effet, mécaniques ou hydrauliques. Ces appareils comportent essentiellement une matrice fixe et deux coulisseaux indépendants, un coulisseau central, appelé piston plongeur portant un poinçon, et un coulisseau extérieur réservé aux opérations de serre-flan, c'est-à-dire maintien suffisant permettant par réaction l'étirage sous le poinçon. Les mouvements sont généralement les suivants: (1) descente rapide du serre-flan qui maintient une pression constante sur la tôle et l'empêche ainsi de se déplacer; (2) descente rapide du poinçon jusqu'à mise en contact avec la tôle, puis (3) descente lente du poinçon pendant la phase d'emboutissage, sous étirage proprement dit; et (4) remontée rapide du coulisseau central entraînant le serre-flan dans son ascension.The stamping of large parts is usually done by drawing with double effect presses, mechanical or hydraulic. These devices essentially comprise a fixed matrix and two independent slides, a central slide, called a plunger carrying a punch, and an external slide reserved for hold-down operations, that is to say sufficient support allowing by reaction the stretching under the punch. The movements are generally as follows: (1) rapid descent of the blank holder which maintains constant pressure on the sheet and thus prevents it from moving; (2) rapid descent of the punch until it comes into contact with the sheet, then (3) slow descent of the punch during the stamping phase, under actual drawing; and (4) rapid ascent of the central slide causing the blank holder to rise.
La mise en oeuvre de cette technique classique qui repose sur l'aptitude à l'allongement des aciers extra-doux trouve cependant rapidement ses limites avec les aciers HLE en raison de leur coefficient d'allongement qui est très sérieusement réduit (environ au moins deux fois plus faible).The implementation of this classic technique which is based on the elongation ability of extra mild steels however quickly finds its limits with HLE steels because of their elongation coefficient which is very seriously reduced (about at least two times lower).
La diminution de l'allongement possible rend pratiquement obligatoire la consommation de métal en provenance de la zone périphérique sous serre-flan.The reduction in the possible elongation makes it practically compulsory to consume metal coming from the peripheral zone under a blank holder.
Lors de l'opération d'emboutissage, cette réduction de la surface projetée du flan, nécessite pour éviter la formation de plis, une pression de serre-flan beaucoup plus élevée pour les aciers HLE que pour les aciers extra-doux.During the stamping operation, this reduction in the projected surface of the blank requires, to avoid the formation of folds, a blank clamp pressure much higher for HLE steels than for extra mild steels.
Cette pression élevée favorise le grippage, et provoque une usure rapide du serre-flan et des rayons entrée matrice.This high pressure promotes seizure, and causes rapid wear of the blank holder and the matrix entry spokes.
La seconde difficultée rencontrée pour l'emboutissage des aciers HLE provient du plissement de la tôle dans la partie centrale de l'embouti lors de l'attaque du poinçon.The second difficulty encountered in the drawing of HLE steels comes from the folding of the sheet in the central part of the stamping during the attack of the punch.
Cette tendance au plissement à forme de poinçon égale est d'autant plus marquée que la tôle est mince et sa résistance élevée.This tendency to wrinkling in the shape of an equal punch is all the more marked the thinner the sheet and the higher its resistance.
Pour remédier à cette dernière difficulté, la Demanderesse a proposé dans son brevet français 8 407 678 un procédé d'emboutissage sur coussin élastique placé comme support dans une presse à double effet.To remedy this latter difficulty, the Applicant has proposed in its French patent 8,407,678 a method of stamping on an elastic cushion placed as a support in a double-acting press.
Selon ce procédé on prévoit sur le premier coulisseau extérieur au moins une partie active, dont la forme correspond à la surface excédentaire par rapport au volume à former, cette partie active agissant sur la partie périphérique de la tôle elle-même en contact, par son autre face, avec le coussin élastique.According to this process, at least one active part is provided on the first external slide, the shape of which corresponds to the surface area excess with respect to the volume to be formed, this active part acting on the peripheral part of the sheet itself in contact, by its other side, with the elastic cushion.
Cette technique permet des emboutissages profonds à épaisseur pratiquement constante et est en particulier utilisable pour des tôles extra-minces. Elle est cependant compliquée car elle nécessite la détermination précise des formes correspondant à la surface excédentaire, par des méthodes mathématiques complexes et ensuite l'usinage rigoureux de ces formes pour constituer les parties actives du premier coulisseau extérieur.This technique allows deep drawing with practically constant thickness and is in particular usable for extra-thin sheets. It is however complicated because it requires the precise determination of the shapes corresponding to the excess surface, by complex mathematical methods and then the rigorous machining of these shapes to constitute the active parts of the first external slide.
Ces méthodes sophistiquées sont très lourdes à mettre en oeuvre et visent plus particulièrement les aciers extra-minces et en particulier pour emboutis profonds.These sophisticated methods are very cumbersome to implement and target more particularly extra-thin steels and in particular for deep drawn.
On connait par ailleurs une technique d'emboutissage par retournement qui a jusqu'à présent été essentiellement utilisée pour l'emboutissage profond d'aciers à fort allongement.Furthermore, a reversal stamping technique is known which has hitherto been mainly used for deep drawing of steels with high elongation.
Cette technique consiste à déformer par étapes successives le flan de tôle en partant de sa périphérie, c'est-à-dire à tomber un bord. Elle autorise de très grandes déformations dans la mesure où à chaque étape les paramètres de réduction de la surface sous serre-flan agissent de façon à maintenir l'épaisseur de la tôle sensiblement constante.This technique consists in deforming in successive stages the sheet blank starting from its periphery, that is to say falling an edge. It allows very large deformations insofar as, at each step, the parameters for reducing the surface under the blank holder act so as to keep the thickness of the sheet substantially constant.
Cependant cette technique ne permettrait pas d'obtenir des formes complexes dans la partie centrale de l'embouti. En fait elle vise essentiellement l'obtention d'emboutis profonds de forme simple grâce à l'utilisation de déformations périphériques successives réalisées par le tombage des bords.However, this technique would not allow complex shapes to be obtained in the central part of the stamping. In fact, it essentially aims at obtaining deep-drawn stamps of simple shape through the use of successive peripheral deformations produced by the falling of the edges.
La présente invention vise à obtenir des pièces embouties de moyenne profondeur, mais de grandes surfaces telles que des pièces automobiles dont les parties centrales ne sont pratiquement jamais des formes de révolution mais représentent des formes complexes non développables.The present invention aims to obtain deep-drawn parts of medium depth, but large areas such as automobile parts, the central parts of which are practically never forms of revolution but represent complex shapes which cannot be developed.
Or ces formes complexes ne sont pas réalisables en une seule passe par un poinçon métallique sans risque de formation de plis et de bris de l'embouti.However, these complex shapes cannot be produced in a single pass with a metal punch without the risk of folds and breakage of the stamped part.
La présente invention vise un procédé d'emboutissage de matériaux en feuille, notamment de tôles, sur une presse à double effet du type comportant un coussin en un matériau élastique selon lequel on dispose la tôle à former sur un support, on applique un premier coulisseau extérieur sur la partie périphérique de la tôle, puis on applique un deuxième coulisseau central sur la partie centrale de la tôle, caractérisé en ce qu'on dispose la partie périphérique de la tôle à former sur un serre-flan inférieur formant bac pour le coussin de matériau élastique et dont la face supérieure de maintien de la tôle est située à un niveau supérieur à celui de la face de travail du coussin élastique, on applique le premier coulisseau extérieur dont le corps a une section inférieure à celle du serre-flan inférieur et qui comporte à sa périphérie un serre-flan supérieur coopérant avec le serre-flan inférieur pour serrer la tôle, on poursuit la descente du coulisseau extérieur contre le coussin élastique pour effectuer le tombage d'un bord du flan de tôle et on provoque le fluage de la masse du coussin élastique pour déformer la partie centrale de la tôle de façon à lui donner une surface sensiblement égale à la surface de la pièce finie à obtenir, puis on déplace le coulisseau central pour conformer les volumes anguleux et la partie centrale de la tôle par fluage final du support.The present invention relates to a process for stamping sheet materials, in particular sheet metal, on a double-acting press of the type comprising a cushion made of an elastic material according to which the sheet metal to be formed is placed on a support, a first slide is applied. outside on the peripheral part of the sheet, then a second central slide is applied to the central part of the sheet, characterized in that the peripheral part of the sheet to be formed is placed on a lower blank holder forming a container for the cushion of elastic material and whose upper face for holding the sheet is located at a level higher than that of the working face of the elastic cushion, the first external slide is applied, the body of which has a section smaller than that of the lower blank holder and which has at its periphery an upper blank holder cooperating with the lower blank holder to tighten the sheet, the outer slide is continued to descend against the elastic cushion to drop an edge of the sheet blank and cause the mass of the elastic cushion to creep in order to deform the central part of the sheet so as to give it a surface substantially equal to the surface of the finished part to be obtained, then the central slide is moved to conform the angular volumes and the central part of the sheet by final creep of the support.
La caractéristique essentielle de l'invention réside dans le tombage d'un bord périphérique qui a pour objet de réduire le volume de métal à rétreindre et conduit en conséquence à une diminution de la pression correspondant au poinçon, c'est-à-dire dans le cas de l'élastoformage sur coussin élastique selon la présente invention à une diminution de la pression régnant dans ce coussin.The essential characteristic of the invention resides in the falling of a peripheral edge which has the object of which is to reduce the volume of metal to be shrunk and consequently leads to a reduction in the pressure corresponding to the punch, that is to say in the case of elastoforming on an elastic cushion according to the present invention, to a reduction in the pressure in this cushion.
En effet dans le procédé de l'invention la surface du coulisseau central en contact avec la tôle joue le rôle de fond de matrice et le coussin élastique en matériau fluable celui de poinçon appliquant la tôle dans le fond de matrice pour former les volumes anguleux.In fact, in the method of the invention, the surface of the central slide in contact with the sheet plays the role of the bottom of the matrix and the elastic cushion of flowable material that of a punch applying the sheet in the bottom of the matrix to form the angular volumes.
Les contraintes de traction et de compression étant sensiblement égales, le risque d'apparition de plis est sensiblement réduit.Since the tensile and compressive stresses are substantially equal, the risk of wrinkling is substantially reduced.
Pour un embouti comportant dans la partie centrale des formes à angle vif ou de petits détails, on utilise alors un coulisseau extérieur dont la face de travail en contact avec la tôle, formant matrice périphérique, comporte des parties actives telles que décrites dans le brevet FR 8 407 678 en combinaison avec l'opération de tombage d'un bord selon la présente invention. Il est à noter que ces parties actives forment un relief aussi bien convexe que concave suivant la disposition technique la plus avantageuse pour la pièce considérée.For a deep-drawn having in the central part forms with sharp angles or small details, an external slide is then used whose working face in contact with the sheet, forming a peripheral matrix, includes active parts as described in the patent FR 8,407,678 in combination with the edge falling operation according to the present invention. It should be noted that these active parts form a relief that is both convex and concave according to the most advantageous technical arrangement for the part considered.
On rappellera que ces parties actives déterminent dans la partie périphérique de la tôle adjacente au bord tombé disposée sous le coulisseau extérieur des formes qui compensent dans certaines zones de la pièce finie les surfaces excédentaires à épaisseur sensiblement inchangée de la tôle de départ, par rapport au volume à former.It will be recalled that these active parts determine in the peripheral part of the sheet metal adjacent to the fallen edge disposed under the outer slide of the shapes which compensate in certain areas of the finished part the excess surfaces with thickness substantially unchanged of the starting sheet, relative to the volume to be formed.
Ces parties actives peuvent également être placées dans le fond de matrice porté par le coulisseau central lorsqu'elles correspondent à des zones de la pièce finie qui sont destinées à être éliminées par découpage ultérieur.These active parts can also be placed in the bottom of the matrix carried by the central slide when they correspond to areas of the finished part which are intended to be eliminated by subsequent cutting.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention:
- - on amène dans un premier temps le coulisseau central dans une position dans laquelle il limite la déformation de la partie centrale de la tôle sous l'effet du fluage du matériau de support;
- - le matériau constituant le support est un élastomère à faible dureté Shore, par exemple inférieur à 30 Shore 00;
- - après l'operation de formage proprement dite, on provoque une décompression du matériau constituant le support;
- - on refroidit la masse du matériau de support.
- - The central slide is first brought into a position in which it limits the deformation of the central part of the sheet under the effect of the creep of the support material;
- - The material constituting the support is an elastomer with low Shore hardness, for example less than 30 Shore 00;
- - After the actual forming operation, the material constituting the support is decompressed;
- - The mass of the support material is cooled.
L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif d'emboutissage du type comprenant un support sur lequel est posée la tôle à former, un premier coulisseau extérieur, un deuxième coulisseau central et un coussin en un matériau élastique, caractérisé en ce que le support est constitué par un serre-flan périphérique inférieur formant bac pour le coussin de matériau élastique, et dont la surface de maintien de la tôle est située à un niveau supérieur à celui du coussin élastique, le coulisseau extérieur comportant un corps de section inférieure à celle du serre-flan inférieur pour pénétrer dans ce dernier en réalisant un tombage de bord du flan de tôle et atteindre le coussin du matériau élastique et provoquer son fluage, la partie extérieure du coulisseau extérieur portant un serre-flan périphérique supérieur coopérant avec le serre-flan inférieur pour serrer la tôle, et le coulisseau central portant un fond de matrice.The subject of the invention is also a stamping device of the type comprising a support on which the sheet metal to be formed is placed, a first external slide, a second central slide and a cushion made of an elastic material, characterized in that the support is constituted by a lower peripheral blank holder forming a container for the cushion of elastic material, and the sheet holding surface of which is situated at a level higher than that of the elastic cushion, the external slide having a body of section smaller than that of the lower blank holder to penetrate the latter by making a falling edge of the sheet blank and reach the cushion of elastic material and cause its creep, the outer part of the outer slider carrying an upper peripheral blank holder cooperating with the blank holder lower to tighten the sheet, and the central slide carrying a bottom of matrix.
Selon une variante le coulisseau extérieur comporte sur sa face inférieure formant matrice périphérique au moins une partie active en relief convexe ou concave dont la forme correspond à la surface excédentaire de la tôle, à épaisseur sensiblement constante, par rapport au volume à former.According to a variant, the external slide comprises on its lower face forming a peripheral matrix at least one active part in convex or concave relief, the shape of which corresponds to the excess surface of the sheet, of substantially constant thickness, with respect to the volume to be formed.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de cette variante, le coulisseau central porte un fond de matrice comportant au moins une partie active en relief concave ou convexe correspondant à la surface excédentaire de la tôle, à épaisseur sensiblement constante par rapport au volume à former.According to another embodiment of this variant, the central slide carries a matrix bottom comprising at least one active part in concave or convex relief corresponding to the excess surface of the sheet, with thickness substantially constant with respect to the volume to be formed.
Le matériau de support élastique est de préférence facilement fluable, par exemple un élastomère ayant une dureté Shore 00 inférieur à 30.The elastic support material is preferably easily flowable, for example an elastomer having a Shore 00 hardness of less than 30.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques:
- - il est prévu des organes qui, dans un premier temps, sont en saillie dans la masse du matériau de support et qui dans un second temps, peuvent être rétractés, après l'opération de formage, pour provoquer une décompression dudit matériau;
- - il est prévu des moyens de refroidissement dans la masse du matériau constituant le support:
- - il est prévu des moyens de décollage de la pièce finie du matériau de support.
- - There are provided members which, initially, protrude into the mass of the support material and which, in a second step, can be retracted, after the forming operation, to cause decompression of said material;
- - cooling means are provided in the mass of the material constituting the support:
- - Means are provided for removing the finished part from the support material.
L'invention est exposée ci-après plus en détail à l'aide des dessins annexés, qui en représentent deux modes de réalisation sur ces dessins:
- - les Fig. 1 à 5 sont des vues schématiques en coupe du dispositif d'emboutissage selon l'invention, au cours des étapes successives du formage d'une pièce;
- - les Fig. 6 et 7 sont des vues schématiques en coupe de deux modes de réalisation d'une variante du dispositif d'emboutissage selon l'invention représentée uniquement à l'étape préliminaire de mise en place de la tôle à emboutir.
- - Figs. 1 to 5 are schematic sectional views of the stamping device according to the invention, during the successive stages of the forming of a part;
- - Figs. 6 and 7 are schematic sectional views of two embodiments of a variant of the stamping device according to the invention shown only in the preliminary step of placing the sheet to be stamped.
Selon une première variante représentée aux Fig. 1 à 5 le dispositif de la Fig. 1 en position avant formage, comprend les éléments constitutifs habituels d'une presse à double effet, et par conséquent seule la partie relative à l'invention est représentée.According to a first variant shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 the device of FIG. 1 in position before forming, comprises the usual constituent elements of a double-acting press, and therefore only the part relating to the invention is shown.
Un coulisseau extérieur 1 porte à sa partie extérieure un serre-flan périphérique supérieur 2 qui coopère avec un serre-flan périphérique inférieur 3 formant support sur lequel on dispose une tôle à emboutir.An
Le serre-flan périphérique inférieur 3 forme un bac dans lequel est logé un coussin élastique 5 occupant toute la surface de ce bac. La surface 6 de maintien de la tôle est située à un niveau supérieur à la face supérieure 7 de travail du coussin élastique.The lower peripheral
Le coulisseau extérieur 1 comporte un corps 8 dont la section extérieure est inférieure à la section intérieure du serre-flan inférieur 3, de sorte que la face inférieure 9 du coulisseau extérieur en regard de la tôle 4, peut, en l'absence de cette dernière, pénétrer dans le serre-flan inférieur 3 pour atteindre le coussin 5 de matériau élastique et provoquer son fluage.The
Le coulisseau central 10 porte un fond de matrice 11, la partie périphérique de la matrice étant constituée par la face inférieure 9 du coulisseau extérieur 1.The
Le coulisseau extérieur 1 et le coulisseau central 10 sont actionnés en synchronisme comme on le verra ci-après et jouent par leurs faces inférieures 9 et 11 le rôle de matrice, le coussin 5 en matériau élastique jouant en cours de fonctionnement le rôle de poinçon.The
Le coussin 5 en matériau élastique est constitué par un élastomère ayant une dureté Shore 00 inférieure à 30, une caractéristique très importante résidant dans le temps de retour rapide du matériau (de préférence inférieur à 1 seconde) à sa forme initiale. On peut, par exemple, utiliser un matériau à base de silicone.The
Le fond de matrice (11) porté par le coulisseau central est réalisé en un matériau facile à usiner ou à façonner tel qu'une matière plastique, en particulier un polyuréthanne, polyépoxy, un polyester, un béton, un béton additionné de résine, un matériau composite, ces matériaux étant éventuellement chargés de fibres, notamment de verre; ou un bois dur tel que du buis.The bottom of the matrix (11) carried by the central slide is made of a material easy to machine or to shape such as a plastic material, in particular a polyurethane, polyepoxy, a polyester, a concrete, a concrete with resin added, a composite material, these materials possibly being loaded with fibers, in particular glass; or hardwood such as boxwood.
Des organes rétractables 12 (chandelles ou vessies gonflables) font saillie dans le coussin élastique 5, et leur volume insére représente approximativement le volume de détente de l'élastomère après le formage.Retractable members 12 (inflatable candles or bladders) protrude into the
Le coussin 5 comporte des conduits 13 permettant la circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement tel que l'air comprimé. D'autres conduits 14, notamment lorsque l'air comprimé est utilisé, peuvent servir au décollage de la pièce finie. Pour le refroidissement de la masse du coussin 5, on peut également prévoir des fils métalliques noyés ou une charge en poudre métallique améliorant la conductibilité thermique.The
La figure 2 représente l'étape de tombage du bord 20 de la pièce qui vient se loger dans l'espace annulaire 21 ménagé à l'extérieur du corps 8 du coulisseau extérieur 1 comme indiqué à la Fig. 1FIG. 2 represents the step of falling off the
Dans l'étape illustrée à la Fig. 2, on fait descendre le coulisseau extérieur 1, portant la matrice périphérique 9. Celle-ci entre en contact avec le flan de tôle 4 dont la partie périphérique est progressivement serrée entre les serre-flans supérieur 2 et inférieur 3 pour éviter son festonnage.In the step illustrated in FIG. 2, the
Au cours de sa descente, la matrice périphérique 9 forme un bord tombé 20 du flan de tôle et simultanément comprime par réaction le coussin élastomère 5. Ce dernier sous l'effet de cette action de compression périphérique agit par fluage sur la zone centrale du flan de tôle et provoque sa déformation.During its descent, the
Le gonflement de la partie central du flan de tôle est limité par le fond de matrice 11 fixé au coulisseau central 10 afin d'éviter les déformations erratiques incontrôlées dues à l'anisotropie du métal ou des formes de pièces dissymétriques. La descente du coulisseau extérieur 1 portant la matrice périphérique 9 est limitée de façon telle que la déformation dans la partie centrale du flan de tôle donne une surface sensiblement égale à cette de la pièce finie à obtenir.The swelling of the central part of the sheet blank is limited by the
La figure 3 représente l'étape de conformation finale de la pièce. Le coulisseau central 10 portant le fond de matrice 11 descend à sa position basse et provoque le formage final de la partie centrale de la tôle 4, préformée au cours de l'opération précédente.FIG. 3 represents the stage of final shaping of the part. The
Les contraintes de compression dues à l'appui du fond de matrice 11 sur le sommet de la tôle se transforment par l'action du coussin élastomère 5, agissant sur la face opposée de la tôle, en contraintes de traction exercées sur toute la surface de la tôle non compensée par la présence du fond de matrice 11, et provoquent le déplacement de cette tôle dans tout le volume disponible.The compression stresses due to the support of the bottom of the
Ces contraintes (compression, traction) tendent ainsi à s'annuler (au rendement près de l'élastomère) permettant ainsi la réalisation finale de la pièce avec un minimum de variation d'épaisseur.These stresses (compression, traction) thus tend to cancel each other (at yield near the elastomer) thus allowing the final production of the part with a minimum variation in thickness.
La figure 4 représente l'étape de décompression du coussin d'élastomère 5, par retrait des chandelles 12. Cette opération a pour but d'éviter la déformation de la pièce emboutie par réaction de détente de l'élastomère.FIG. 4 represents the step of decompression of the
La figure 5 représente l'étape de libération de la pièce formée 21, par remontée simultanée des Opdeux coulisseaux 1 et 10 portant les matrices. Pour limiter l'échauffement du coussin d'élastomère 5, notamment lors du travail en série, on fait circuler de l'air comprimé dans les conduits 13. Le refroidissement de l'élastomère 5 peut aussi être effectué lors de l'étape précédente de décompression (Fig. 4). Par ailleurs, de l'air comprimé est envoyé par les conduits 14 pour permettre le décollage de la pièce 21.FIG. 5 represents the step of releasing the formed
Selon une variante illustrée à la Fig. 6, le coulisseau extérieur 1, porte une matrice périphérique 9 qui présente dans ses angles une forme appropriée en relief convex, c'est-à-dire formant saillie 22 venue de matière avec la matrice périphérique 9 (cette forme en relief 22 correspond à la surface excédentaire par rapport au volume à former de la pièce que l'on désire réaliser) er sa surface active est soigneusement polie afin de permettre le déplacement de l'excès de matière lors du formage; cette surface active peut aussi être traitée pour faciliter le glissement de la tôle.According to a variant illustrated in FIG. 6, the
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de la variante de la Fig. 6, illustré à la Fig. 7, le coulisseau extérieur 1 porte une matrice périphérique 9 dans laquelle sont ménagées des parties actives concaves, c'est-à-dire en creux 23, qui jouent le même rôle que les parties 22 de la Fig. 6, dont la disposition est choisie pour des raisons d'optimisation de la pièce emboutie. Ainsi les parties actives 23 pourront éventuellement être disposées dans des zones de l'embouti, qui seront éliminées par découpe dans la pièce finie. On peut également placer des parties actives 24 ayant le rôle fonctionnel défini ci-dessous dans le fond de matrice 11 porté par le coulisseau central 10 lorsque ces parties actives 24 sont localisées dans des zones centrales de l'embouti qui seront éliminées par découpe dans la pièce finie ou lorsque cette dernière correspond à la partie de la tôle située essentiellement sous le coulisseau extérieur.According to another embodiment of the variant of FIG. 6, illustrated in FIG. 7, the
Cette variante est plus spécialement destinée à la réalisation de formes complexes à angles vifs de la partie centrale de. l'embouti.This variant is more especially intended for the production of complex shapes with sharp angles of the central part of. the stamped.
L'emboutissage par retournement tel qu'il a été décrit précédemment avec son tombage de bord permet de diminuer la pression nécessaire au formage de la tôle en inversant le cycle traditionnel du poinçon. La pression qui s'exerçait uniquement pour le formage de la tôle sur l'équivalent des rayons d'entrée matrice, s'applique après cette inversion sur la totalité de la surface centrale de l'embouti.Stamping by turning as described above with its falling edge makes it possible to reduce the pressure necessary for forming the sheet by reversing the traditional punch cycle. The pressure which was exerted only for the forming of the sheet on the equivalent of the matrix entry radii, is applied after this inversion on the entire central surface of the stamped.
La pression nécessaire à ce pré-formage de la tôle est très faible (valeur comprise au maximum entre 10 et 20 bars (1 et 2 MPa).The pressure necessary for this pre-forming of the sheet is very low (value comprised at most between 10 and 20 bars (1 and 2 MPa).
Ce régime de basse pression permet ainsi de former de grandes surfaces et de créer une nouvelle technique d'outil double-effets à matrice d'élastomère de faible dureté Shore pouvant s'adapter sur les presses de carrosserie existantes.This low pressure regime thus makes it possible to form large areas and to create a new double-effect tool technique with an elastomer matrix of low Shore hardness which can be adapted to existing body presses.
La première phase de l'opération d'emboutissage consiste à réaliser le tombage des bords périphériques (Fig. 2) du flan par le coulisseau extérieur 1.The first phase of the stamping operation consists in making the peripheral edges (Fig. 2) fall from the blank by the
La première phase voit simultanément la réalisation de la surface courbe de pré-formage qui provoque l'expansion de la tôle et évite ainsi la formation de plis.The first phase simultaneously sees the realization of the curved preforming surface which causes the expansion of the sheet and thus prevents the formation of folds.
Il est important de noter que cette expansion est limitée de plusieurs façons:
- 1 par le volume d'élastomère déplacé, ce qui définit la surface courbe de la tôle;
- 2° par la proimité du poinçon qui évite la déformation erratique de la tôle, et ordonne la pré-déformation;
- 3° par la retenue périphérique du flan de tôle qui est ajustée afin de limiter l'expansion bi-axiale de la tôle à une valeur faible 3 à 5%, cette valeur évitant la formation de plis.
- 1 by the volume of elastomer displaced, which defines the curved surface of the sheet;
- 2 ° by the proximity of the punch which avoids the erratic deformation of the sheet, and orders the pre-deformation;
- 3 ° by the peripheral retention of the sheet blank which is adjusted in order to limit the bi-axial expansion of the sheet to a
low value 3 to 5%, this value avoiding the formation of folds.
La courbure de la surface étant principalement obtenue par le cintrage multidirectionnel de la tôle, ce qui permet lors de l'opération de conformation seconde et dernière phase de l'opération d'emboutissage qui modifiera ces cintrages, une très grande potentialité de réarrangement des formes.The curvature of the surface being mainly obtained by the multidirectional bending of the sheet, which allows during the shaping operation second and last phase of the stamping operation which will modify these bends, a very great potential for rearrangement of shapes .
Bien que la description ait été faite en référence au formage de tôles, c'est-à-dire de plaques minces généralement métalliques, il doit être entendu cependant que le procédé selon la présente invention n'est nullement limité à cette application, comme cela est clairement indiqué aux deux premières lignes de la description. Ainsi le procédé de la présente invention peut être mis en oeuvre avec des plaques minces notamment en matière plastique.Although the description has been made with reference to the forming of sheets, that is to say generally metallic thin plates, it should be understood, however, that the method according to the present invention is in no way limited to this application, as this is clearly indicated in the first two lines of the description. Thus the method of the present invention can be implemented with thin plates, in particular of plastic.
Parmi les matières plastiques formables par le procédé de la présente invention, on citera à titre non limitatif:
- - un polybutène dont les propriétés sont décrites dans l'ouvrage "Matières Plastiques" Chimie-applications de Jean BOST, p 244-245
- - un polyéthylène, un polyéthylène chloré, un polypropylène, un PVC:
- - un PVC chloré, une résine ABS (acrylonitrile, bu- taniène, styrène), un polycarbonate, polyphénylène oxyde, polysulfone, chlorotrifluoroéthylène, cellulose acétate, cellulose acétate butyrate, polyacetal, phenoxy,
nylon 6, nylon 66. Les propriétés de ces matières plastiques sont instamment décrites dans "Polymers Engineering and Science, Mars 1971,volume 11, n° 2 page 106. Il faut également entendre par matières plastiques des matériaux composites éventuellement chargés.
- - a polybutene, the properties of which are described in the book "Plastic Materials" Chemistry-applications by Jean BOST, p 244-245
- - a polyethylene, a chlorinated polyethylene, a polypropylene, a PVC:
- - a chlorinated PVC, an ABS resin (acrylonitrile, butane, styrene), a polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, chlorotrifluoroethylene, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polyacetal, phenoxy,
nylon 6, nylon 66. The properties of these materials plastics are urgently described in "Polymers Engineering and Science, March 1971,volume 11, no. 2 page 106. Plastics should also be understood as possibly charged composite materials.
Ainsi dans la présente descrition il faut donner au terme "tôle" un sens général de plaque mince en matériau en feuille sans vouloir en limiter la portée aux produits métalliques.Thus, in the present description, the term "sheet metal" must be given a general meaning of a thin plate of sheet material without wanting to limit its scope to metallic products.
Le procédé de la présente invention peut également être mis en oeuvre pour le thermoformage de matériaux en feuille. Dans ce cas les matériaux peuvent être préalablement chauffés à une température ne dégradant pas le matériau constituant le coussin élastique.The process of the present invention can also be used for thermoforming sheet materials. In this case, the materials can be previously heated to a temperature which does not degrade the material constituting the elastic cushion.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86402621T ATE42698T1 (en) | 1985-12-04 | 1986-11-25 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STAMPING LOW EXPANSION METAL PLATES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8517957A FR2590814B1 (en) | 1985-12-04 | 1985-12-04 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SCRAPPING LOW ELONGATION SHEETS |
FR8517957 | 1985-12-04 |
Publications (2)
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EP0231677A1 EP0231677A1 (en) | 1987-08-12 |
EP0231677B1 true EP0231677B1 (en) | 1989-05-03 |
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EP86402621A Expired EP0231677B1 (en) | 1985-12-04 | 1986-11-25 | Method and apparatus for stamping sheet materials with slight elongation |
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US (1) | US4770015A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0231677B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS62134122A (en) |
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ES (1) | ES2008857B3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2590814B1 (en) |
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IE (1) | IE59211B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL80706A0 (en) |
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PT (1) | PT83850B (en) |
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DE19842750B4 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2005-06-09 | Audi Ag | Method and production of deep-drawn hollow parts and drawing tool |
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FR2641216B1 (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1994-04-01 | Isoform | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR STAMPING SHEET MATERIALS WITH DEFORMABLE PUNCHER UNDER DIVER |
FR2641217B1 (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1994-04-01 | Isoform | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SCRAPPING SHEET MATERIALS ON AN ELASTIC FORMING MATRIX |
FR2641215A1 (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1990-07-06 | Isoform | DEVICE FOR STAMPING SHEET MATERIALS |
FR2670408A1 (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-06-19 | Isoform | DEVICE FOR STITCHING SHEET MATERIALS, ESPECIALLY FLANGES OF SHEET. |
FR2683168B1 (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1994-03-04 | Isoform | DEVICE FOR STAMPING SHEET MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY SHEET SHEET. |
FR2691653B1 (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1994-08-26 | Isoform | Device for stamping sheet materials on a forming matrix of elastic material. |
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DE4434799A1 (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-04-04 | Smg Sueddeutsche Maschinenbau | Method and device for forming sheet metal |
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CN101920285B (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2012-05-23 | 东莞市旗丰消声器有限公司 | Process method for once drawing and forming semi-shell workpiece of oil tank |
RU2527463C1 (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-08-27 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) | Method of moulding impact-resistant transparent polymer sheets |
CN105215127B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-04-26 | 天津职业技术师范大学 | Soft board mold thermal forming device and method based on heterogeneous metal rubber |
CN105414348A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-23 | 辽宁瑟克赛斯热能科技有限公司 | Flexible compression moulding mould for plate sheet of plate heat exchanger |
CN106984684B (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2021-05-18 | 福特环球技术公司 | Material punch forming method, vehicle ceiling forming method and assembly for forming material |
CN106001234B (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2018-02-23 | 广东鸿业机械有限公司 | Liquid expansion forming device and hydraulic expansion forming process |
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1985
- 1985-12-04 FR FR8517957A patent/FR2590814B1/en not_active Expired
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1986
- 1986-11-20 IL IL80706A patent/IL80706A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-11-21 ZA ZA868833A patent/ZA868833B/en unknown
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- 1986-11-25 ES ES86402621T patent/ES2008857B3/en not_active Expired
- 1986-11-25 EP EP86402621A patent/EP0231677B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-11-25 DE DE8686402621T patent/DE3663116D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-12-01 NO NO864816A patent/NO166170C/en unknown
- 1986-12-02 PT PT83850A patent/PT83850B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-02 DD DD86296955A patent/DD252560A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-02 CN CN86107980A patent/CN1009623B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-12-02 SU SU4028577A patent/SU1727521A3/en active
- 1986-12-02 KR KR1019860010279A patent/KR950003541B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-02 HU HU864989A patent/HU210052B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-03 CZ CS868886A patent/CZ279500B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-03 BR BR8605934A patent/BR8605934A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-03 MX MX4522A patent/MX161003A/en unknown
- 1986-12-03 US US06/937,337 patent/US4770015A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-03 DK DK582486A patent/DK159759C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-03 CA CA000524397A patent/CA1275867C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-03 IE IE317486A patent/IE59211B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-04 JP JP61289741A patent/JPS62134122A/en active Granted
-
1987
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1989
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19842750B4 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2005-06-09 | Audi Ag | Method and production of deep-drawn hollow parts and drawing tool |
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