EP0163579B1 - Procédé et installation de congélation de sol - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de congélation de sol Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0163579B1
EP0163579B1 EP85401053A EP85401053A EP0163579B1 EP 0163579 B1 EP0163579 B1 EP 0163579B1 EP 85401053 A EP85401053 A EP 85401053A EP 85401053 A EP85401053 A EP 85401053A EP 0163579 B1 EP0163579 B1 EP 0163579B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
probe
temperature
freezing
probes
soil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85401053A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0163579A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Karinthi
Maurice Gardent
Colette Regnier
Jean Tuccella
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9304631&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0163579(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority to AT85401053T priority Critical patent/ATE36880T1/de
Publication of EP0163579A1 publication Critical patent/EP0163579A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0163579B1 publication Critical patent/EP0163579B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
    • E02D3/115—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technique of freezing soils. It relates firstly to a soil freezing method of the type in which a refrigerant liquid is cooled to an adjustable temperature by heat exchange with a cryogenic fluid, then this liquid is circulated in a series of probes sunk into the ground.
  • Direct injection of liquid nitrogen has several drawbacks, in particular the difficulty of controlling the heat exchange coefficients with the soil: by yielding cold, the nitrogen vaporizes and the exchange coefficients between the probe and the nitrogen first pure liquid, then mixtures of liquid and gas in variable proportion, then cold gas alone, are very different. This results in a large heterogeneity in the thickness of frozen soil around the probe and a loss of time and energy so that the less frozen zones meet to form the consolidated wall, while the more frozen zones are unnecessarily under - cooled and oversized.
  • the cooling of a circulating liquid by a refrigeration unit makes it possible to inject the liquid at -40 ° C in the best case, more generally at -20 ° C or -30 ° C.
  • These freezing conditions lead to a duration of prohibitive frozen wall formation, of the order of several weeks for a wall of 1 m overhang. This duration is generally incompatible with the duration of chaniters in cities.
  • the object of the invention is to make it possible to considerably reduce the excess of cold and, consequently, to make the process much more economical, without thereby significantly increasing the duration of freezing.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for freezing soil of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the temperature of the coolant has to be varied over time and / or from one probe to another, during the freezing phase of the soil, depending on the progress of freezing.
  • the temperature of the liquid circulating in at least one of the probes is gradually increased, preferably in successive stages.
  • the temperature of the liquid circulating in each probe is adapted to the rate of freezing of the soil around this probe, this temperature being set to a value the higher the higher the freezing speed.
  • the invention relates to the formation in a sandy and moist soil of a frozen wall sheltered from which certain work must be carried out.
  • a series of freezing probes S1, S2, etc. are pushed into the ground, illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 3, and a cooling liquid having an inlet temperature is circulated in each of them. determined.
  • the liquid chosen must have a sufficiently low freezing point, and methanol is an appropriate liquid, which will be referred to below.
  • this liquid circulates in a closed circuit between the probe and a heat exchanger E1, E2,., Called "cold plant", which comprises on the one hand passages for this liquid and on the other hand passages for a cryogenic fluid, in particular liquid nitrogen.
  • the rate of admission of liquid nitrogen into these latter passages is controlled by a valve 1 controlled by a temperature sensor 2 which detects the temperature of the coolant leaving the exchanger.
  • the nitrogen passages can for example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, be constituted by a calender 3 crossed by a coil 4 for circulation of the refrigerant liquid against the current of nitrogen.
  • Cooling liquid leaving at a cold set temperature of an exchanger, is injected into the bottom of each probe connected to the latter by a central tube 5 thereof and rises between this tube and the cylindrical casing 6 of the probe to return to the exchanger. Between the inlet and the outlet of the probe, the liquid exchanges heat with the surrounding soil, through the casing 6.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant liquid injected into the freezing probes is modulated over time, gradually increasing this temperature from a minimum temperature at the start of freezing to a final holding temperature. in cold of the already frozen wall. In the example illustrated, this increase takes place in successive stages.
  • example 1 it will be assumed that one wishes to consolidate by freezing in 100 hours a wall 1 m thick in moist sandy soil, to a depth of 20 m and a length of 50 m . To do this, fifty probes S1, S2, ..., S50 are inserted into the ground, spaced 1 m apart. Methanol is circulated between the probes mounted in parallel and a single heat exchanger cooled with liquid nitrogen such as the exchanger E1 described above.
  • the temperature sensor 2 is equipped with an adjustment device which makes it possible to regulate at will the temperature of methanol between -80 ° C. (lower limit tolerable for this body) and -10 ° C.
  • the freezing is started by circulating the methanol with a set temperature at the outlet of the exchanger (and therefore upon injection into the probes) of -80 ° C. This set temperature is maintained for 50 hours. The temperature of the soil in the vicinity of the probes is then established at -70 ° C. and the frozen radius around the probes is 38 cm (ie a diameter of 76 cm).
  • the methanol setpoint temperature is set at -65 ° C. This temperature is maintained for 20 hours.
  • the soil temperature in the vicinity of the probes is -57 ° C.
  • the progression of the freezing front of the wall is practically not slowed down, because it is governed by the temperature gradient in the vicinity of the freezing isotherm (Q ° C) and not by the temperature of the probe.
  • a frozen diameter of 84 cm is thus obtained after 70 hours of freezing.
  • the set temperature of methanol is fixed at -50 ° C. This set temperature is maintained for 15 hours.
  • the temperature of the soil in the vicinity of the probes is established at -44 ° C.
  • the frozen diameter around the probes is 88 cm.
  • the set temperature of methanol is then fixed at -40 ° C. It is kept for 10 hours.
  • the temperature of the soil in the vicinity of the probes is established at -35 ° C. After 95 hours of freezing, the frozen soil diameter around the probes is 90 cm.
  • the set temperature of methanol is then established at -35 ° C. This set temperature will be kept throughout the period of maintenance of the frozen wall. The temperature of the soil around the probes will equilibrate to -30 ° C. Freezing with a diameter of 100 cm will be obtained after approximately 100 hours.
  • each freezing probe reacts with its neighbors, which, for a spacing of 1 m between probes, leads to a frozen wall of variable thickness 1 m in front of the probes, about 80 cm midway between the probes .
  • the different methanol set temperatures can no longer be obtained by means of a single exchanger with adjustable set temperature, but by means of several heat exchangers having different set temperatures but fixed, these exchangers can be selectively connected to the probes by a set of suitable valves.
  • the exchangers available do not allow the cooling capacity to be supplied individually (proportional to the product of the methanol flow rate by the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the exchanger) necessary, it is possible to use for each setpoint temperature several exchangers in parallel set to the same temperature.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the advantage of the method described above. It represents the variation of the temperature T of the soil as a function of the radius R, counted from the external wall of a supposedly isolated probe, this at the end of freezing, that is to say when the frozen radius Rc becomes close to the half-distance separating the probes (approximately 0.5 m in the example above).
  • the hatched area between the two curves A1 and A2 is a representation of the economy of frigories achieved.
  • the temperature of methanol is no longer regulated in time but in space, by adapting this temperature, for each probe, to the rate of freezing of the soil around this probe. , in order to avoid excessively sub-cooling the parts of the self which freeze the fastest. Indeed, in reality, if a soil is generally relatively homogeneous in the radius of 50 to 60 cm which surrounds a probe, it is not the same from one probe to another.
  • heat exchangers E1, E2, etc. are used, five in number in the example illustrated, having independently adjustable reference temperatures and each of which can be connected to all the probes.
  • the rate of cooling of the soil at the start of freezing is measured, and methanol is sent to each probe at a temperature which is all the cooler as the soil concerned by this probe cools faster.
  • the determination of the freezing speed which will make it possible to fix a set temperature for each probe and each heat exchanger can be done for example as follows.
  • the following example II illustrates the implementation of the invention from methods (a) and (d) above.
  • the basic data is the same as before: it involves freezing a wall 1 m thick in 100 m in wet sandy soil, in a depth of 20 m and a length of 50 m.
  • Five independent heat exchangers E1 to E5 supplied with liquid nitrogen are used according to the diagram in FIG. 3.
  • any probe can be supplied from any what exchanger.
  • Each probe is provided with temperature sensors 8 and 9 measuring the temperature of methanol at its inlet and its outlet, respectively.
  • thermocouples 7 were placed to measure the temperature at 2 m, 10 m and 18 m deep.
  • the temperature of the external surface of the probes is not very variable at this time, between -70 ° C and -72 ° C for all the probes.
  • the cold methanol injection is then restored by setting the set temperatures as follows.
  • the probes S46 to S50 were treated as slow-freezing probes to take account of the slow freezing observed in their deepest part.
  • certain groups of probes are supplied with two exchangers connected in parallel. This makes it possible to supply a methanol flow rate of the same order to all the probes.
  • the probe groups 51 to S4 and S 41 to S45 are supplied at the same temperature although, in all riquor, the probes of these two groups absorb different heat flows.
  • each probe is supplied with a cooling power that is lower the more the soil surrounding this probe freezes faster.
  • Example IV thus combines the lessons from Examples 1 and III above and describes in table form the freezing procedure during the 100 hours allowed to obtain a wall 1 m thick.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
EP85401053A 1984-06-01 1985-05-29 Procédé et installation de congélation de sol Expired EP0163579B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85401053T ATE36880T1 (de) 1984-06-01 1985-05-29 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum gefrieren vom boden.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8408646A FR2565273B1 (fr) 1984-06-01 1984-06-01 Procede et installation de congelation de sol
FR8408646 1984-06-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0163579A1 EP0163579A1 (fr) 1985-12-04
EP0163579B1 true EP0163579B1 (fr) 1988-08-31

Family

ID=9304631

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85401053A Expired EP0163579B1 (fr) 1984-06-01 1985-05-29 Procédé et installation de congélation de sol

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4607488A (es)
EP (1) EP0163579B1 (es)
JP (1) JPS6117626A (es)
AT (1) ATE36880T1 (es)
CA (1) CA1269853A (es)
DE (1) DE3564714D1 (es)
ES (1) ES8608085A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2565273B1 (es)

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US4723876A (en) * 1986-02-25 1988-02-09 Chevron Research Company Method and apparatus for piled foundation improvement with freezing using down-hole refrigeration units
US4836716A (en) * 1986-02-25 1989-06-06 Chevron Research Company Method and apparatus for piled foundation improvement through freezing using surface mounted refrigeration units
US4974425A (en) * 1988-12-08 1990-12-04 Concept Rkk, Limited Closed cryogenic barrier for containment of hazardous material migration in the earth
US4860544A (en) * 1988-12-08 1989-08-29 Concept R.K.K. Limited Closed cryogenic barrier for containment of hazardous material migration in the earth
US5050386A (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-09-24 Rkk, Limited Method and apparatus for containment of hazardous material migration in the earth
US6585047B2 (en) 2000-02-15 2003-07-01 Mcclung, Iii Guy L. System for heat exchange with earth loops
US6896054B2 (en) * 2000-02-15 2005-05-24 Mcclung, Iii Guy L. Microorganism enhancement with earth loop heat exchange systems
US6267172B1 (en) * 2000-02-15 2001-07-31 Mcclung, Iii Guy L. Heat exchange systems
US7631691B2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2009-12-15 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Methods of treating a subterranean formation to convert organic matter into producible hydrocarbons
JP2005264717A (ja) * 2004-02-19 2005-09-29 Kajima Corp 地盤の凍結方法
JP2007169967A (ja) * 2005-12-20 2007-07-05 Kajima Corp 地盤の凍結方法および凍結装置
CZ301560B6 (cs) * 2006-01-30 2010-04-14 Bagmanyan@Aykanush Zarízení ke zpevnování zeminy zmrazením
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CA2663823C (en) 2006-10-13 2014-09-30 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Enhanced shale oil production by in situ heating using hydraulically fractured producing wells
CN101563524B (zh) 2006-10-13 2013-02-27 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 原位加热开发油页岩与开发更深的烃源结合
AU2007313393B2 (en) * 2006-10-13 2013-08-15 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Improved method of developing a subsurface freeze zone using formation fractures
CA2676086C (en) 2007-03-22 2015-11-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Resistive heater for in situ formation heating
WO2008115359A1 (en) * 2007-03-22 2008-09-25 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Granular electrical connections for in situ formation heating
CN101680284B (zh) 2007-05-15 2013-05-15 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 用于原位转化富含有机物岩层的井下燃烧器井
US8122955B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2012-02-28 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Downhole burners for in situ conversion of organic-rich rock formations
US20080290719A1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2008-11-27 Kaminsky Robert D Process for producing Hydrocarbon fluids combining in situ heating, a power plant and a gas plant
US8146664B2 (en) 2007-05-25 2012-04-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Utilization of low BTU gas generated during in situ heating of organic-rich rock
US8082995B2 (en) 2007-12-10 2011-12-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Optimization of untreated oil shale geometry to control subsidence
EP2098683A1 (en) 2008-03-04 2009-09-09 ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Optimization of untreated oil shale geometry to control subsidence
AU2009249493B2 (en) 2008-05-23 2015-05-07 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Field management for substantially constant composition gas generation
BRPI1008388A2 (pt) 2009-02-23 2017-06-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co método e sistema para recuperar hidrocarbonetos de uma formação de subsuperfície em uma área de desenvolvimento, e, método para tratar água em uma instalação de tratamento de água
CN102421988A (zh) * 2009-05-05 2012-04-18 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 通过基于一种或更多生产资源的可用性控制生产操作来将源自地下地层的有机物转化为可生产的烃
SE535370C2 (sv) 2009-08-03 2012-07-10 Skanska Sverige Ab Anordning och metod för lagring av termisk energi
US8863839B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2014-10-21 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Enhanced convection for in situ pyrolysis of organic-rich rock formations
WO2012030425A1 (en) 2010-08-30 2012-03-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Wellbore mechanical integrity for in situ pyrolysis
BR112013001022A2 (pt) 2010-08-30 2016-05-24 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Compony redução de olefina para geração de óleo por pirólise in situ
FR2965038B1 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2014-05-02 Total Sa Procede et dispositif de stockage d'un fluide cryogenique adaptes aux sols comprenant du pergelisol
AU2012332851B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2016-07-21 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Multiple electrical connections to optimize heating for in situ pyrolysis
WO2013165711A1 (en) 2012-05-04 2013-11-07 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods of detecting an intersection between a wellbore and a subterranean structure that includes a marker material
FR2992730B1 (fr) * 2012-06-27 2014-07-25 Total Sa Procede et dispositif pour la supervision de parametres de stockage
SE537267C2 (sv) 2012-11-01 2015-03-17 Skanska Sverige Ab Förfarande för drift av en anordning för lagring av termiskenergi
SE536723C2 (sv) 2012-11-01 2014-06-24 Skanska Sverige Ab Termiskt energilager innefattande ett expansionsutrymme
SE536722C2 (sv) 2012-11-01 2014-06-17 Skanska Sverige Ab Energilager
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE36880T1 (de) 1988-09-15
JPS6117626A (ja) 1986-01-25
US4607488A (en) 1986-08-26
CA1269853A (fr) 1990-06-05
ES8608085A1 (es) 1986-06-01
FR2565273B1 (fr) 1986-10-17
ES543673A0 (es) 1986-06-01
DE3564714D1 (en) 1988-10-06
FR2565273A1 (fr) 1985-12-06
EP0163579A1 (fr) 1985-12-04

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