EP0162902A1

EP0162902A1 - Structure element with multiple combinations particularly for the construction of parts of buildings

Info

Publication number: EP0162902A1
Application number: EP19850900126
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jean Pierre Alexandre Edouard Baudoin
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1983-11-24
Filing date: 1984-11-22
Publication date: 1985-12-04
Also published as: FR2555632A1; WO1985002428A1

Abstract

L'élément est constitué par un segment à partir duquel on peut créer des sous-ensembles plus au moins complexes ayant en plan la forme de polygones dont les angles ne sont que de 60 et/ou de 120 degrés. Un sous-ensemble triangulaire est équilatéral et chacun de ses trois côtés (1) présente deux petites faces respectivement (3 et 4, 5 et 6, 7 et 8) qui convergent à angle droit vers une ligne externe au polygone respectivement (10, 11 et 12) qui forme, ici, une arête continue. Les petites faces (3, 5 et 7) se raccordent selon le plan bissecteur Po des angles (2) du sous-ensemble et font entre elles un angle A de 90 degrés. Les faces (4, 6 et 8) se raccordent aussi selon le plan bissecteur Po des angles (2) mais font un angle B de 120 degrés. Le sous-ensemble est destiné à être assemblé à d'autres identiques ou différents ou encore à des éléments indépendants, par tous moyens connus. En plaçant l'une contre l'autre deux faces soit de type (3, 5 ou 7), soit de type (4, 6 ou 8), on crée, dans le premier cas, une structure à partir de pyramides à bases carrées et dans le second cas, une structure à partir de tétraèdres, ces deux types de volume étant d'ailleurs compatibles selon une infinité de combinaisons.The element consists of a segment from which one can create more or less complex subsets having in plan the form of polygons whose angles are only 60 and / or 120 degrees. A triangular sub-assembly is equilateral and each of its three sides (1) has two small faces respectively (3 and 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 8) which converge at right angles to a line external to the polygon respectively (10, 11 and 12) which forms, here, a continuous edge. The small faces (3, 5 and 7) are connected according to the bisector plane Po of the angles (2) of the sub-assembly and form an angle A of 90 degrees between them. The faces (4, 6 and 8) also connect according to the bisector plane Po of the angles (2) but make an angle B of 120 degrees. The sub-assembly is intended to be assembled with other identical or different or even independent elements, by any known means. By placing one against the other two faces either of type (3, 5 or 7), or of type (4, 6 or 8), we create, in the first case, a structure from pyramids with square bases and in the second case, a structure starting from tetrahedra, these two types of volume being moreover compatible according to an infinity of combinations.

Description

STRUCTURAL ELEMENT WITH MULTIPLE COMBINATIONS, PARTICULARLY FOR REALIZING PARTS OF BUILDINGS

It has been known for a very long time to produce complex assemblies, adaptable to very diverse situations, from a small number of elementary parts which are assembled on demand in each particular case.

We know, for example, elements of wood, concrete or other materials, prefabricated in the workshop and assembled on the site, whose shapes are divided into several families: panels, assemblies, spacers of various formats, etc.

So far, these elements have not reached a very high degree of synthesis, so that the manufacturer must always obtain a large stock of various parts if he wants to meet diversified demands.

We also know co-laboratory sets based on the repetitive use of one or two different pieces, but the solutions that we reach are few and leave practically no room for the imagination of the creator or the flexibility of the director confronted with very different cases.

The present invention, on the contrary, makes it possible to construct infinitely varied assemblies from a few parts, or even of a single type, while calling upon standard assembly means, proven techniques and a hand- of unskilled work.

To this end, the subject of the invention is a structural element intended to be assembled, by any known means, to other similar elements, characterized in that it consists of a segment, either individual and having to be assembled end to end. end with other similar elements, either virtual and integrated into a structural sub-assembly of at least three elements which must itself be assembled with other elements and / or sub-assemblies, the segment having a section presenting at minus a right angle and in that the ends of the segment are symmetrical and each located in a vertical plane which makes an angle with a virtual vertical longitudinal plane of the segment is thirty degrees when said segment is oriented so that the bisector of the 'Right angle made with a horizontal plane an angle of eighty degrees sixteen minutes, or an angle of forty five degrees. According to other characteristics of the invention:

- the segment has a triangular section;

- the segment has a quadrangular section;

- the segment has a rectangular section of which two adjacent sides have lengths which are linked by the relation the ends of the segment being situated in a plane which makes an angle of forty-five degrees with the axis of the segment;

- the edge of the segment corresponding to the right angle of its section is real; - the edge of the segment corresponding to the right angle of its section is virtual in line with a chamfer either flat or concave and possibly provided with a groove;

- The element is integrated into a subset which has in plan the shape of a polygon having only angles of sixty and / or one hundred and twenty degrees.

- each side of the polygon has, over at least part of its length, two small faces converging at right angles to a line external to the polygon, the two small faces of the same side connecting to the two corresponding small faces of the adjacent sides of the polygon along the bisecting plane of each of the angles of said polygon, forming an angle of ninety degrees between them for the small faces located on the same side of the outer line and an angle of one hundred and twenty degrees for the small faces located on the 'other side of said outer line;

- each small face of the sub-assembly corresponds to a profile face and has the shape of a trapezoid whose large base is the external line and in that one of the small faces (3, 5, 7, 25) has one side, at least, which makes an angle of thirty five degrees sixteen minutes with the large base and with the small base of said trapezoid an angle of one hundred and forty four degrees forty four minutes, while the other small face on the same side of the polygon has at least one side which makes an angle of fifty four degrees forty four minutes with the large base and an angle of one hundred twenty five degrees sixteen minutes with the small base of said trapezoid;

- The sub-assembly has a central polygon-shaped opening whose sides are parallel to the outer sides of the sub-assembly;

- The sub-assembly has large solid faces, its small faces corresponding to the two sides of the right angle of a segment whose two other small faces are then only virtual and merged with the material of the large solid faces;

- the sub-assembly includes assembly parts which constitute polygon vertices and which must be joined, by any known means, by rigid connecting spacers; - The assembly parts of the sub-assembly are themselves each formed by a sub-assembly according to the invention; - The small faces of the element corresponding to the sides of the right angle of its section are formed by an angle iron possibly associated with a complementary material. The invention will be better understood from the detailed description below made with reference to the accompanying drawing. Of course, the description and the drawing are given only by way of an indicative and nonlimiting example.

Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a sub-assembly according to the invention obtained in the form of a solid part, for example by molding concrete or similar material. Figure 2 is a side view of the same part.

Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the section of a segment of triangular section intended for the constitution of an element according to the invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the section plane of the segment of Figure 3 obtained according to the invention.

Figure 5 is a partial schematic perspective view of a segment segment triangular section for the construction of an element according to the invention.

Figure 6 is a partial schematic plan view of a segment segment with triangular section intended for the constitution of an element according to the invention.

Figure 7 is a schematic elevational view showing the location of a sub-assembly according to the invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view made in section along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7 and VIII-VIII in FIG. 9.

Figure 9 is a schematic elevational view showing the reverse of the same sub-assembly.

Figure 10 is a schematic view showing a sub-assembly ca feature of the invention, itself composed of four subsets of Figures 7 to 9 and consisting of a square base pyramid seen from below.

Figure 11 is a view of the same sub-assembly but considered from above.

Figure 12 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line XII-XII of Figure 11 and showing two assembled elements.

Figure 13 is a schematic view showing a subset characteristic of the invention, itself composed of four subsets of Figures 7 to 9 and consisting of a pyramid with a triangular base considered by one of its four identical faces .

Figure 14 is a view of the same sub-assembly but considered plumb with one of its four identical vertices.

Figure 15 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line XV-XV of Figure 14 and showing two assembled elements.

Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the possible assembly of sub-assemblies according to the invention and associating two inverted pyramids, one with a square base and the other with a triangular base.

Figure 17 is a schematic elevational view of the same assembly.

Figures 18 to 20 are schematic sectional views taken respectively along lines XVIII-XVIII, IXX-IXX and XX-XX of Figure 17.

Figure 21 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the section of a segment with a square section intended for the constitution of an element according to the invention.

Figure 22 is a schematic view showing the section plane of the segment of Figure 21 obtained according to the invention.

Figure 23 is a partial schematic perspective view of a square section segment intended for the constitution of an element according to the invention.

Figure 24 is a partial schematic plan view of a square section segment intended for the constitution of an element according to the invention.

Figure 25 is a schematic elevational view showing the location of a sub-assembly according to the invention.

FIG. 26 is a schematic view made in section along the line XXVI-XXVI in FIG. 25 and XXVI-XXVI in FIG. 27.

Figure 27 is a schematic elevational view showing the reverse of the same sub-assembly.

Figure 28 is a schematic view showing a subset characteristic of the invention, itself composed of four subsets of Figures 25 to 27 and consisting of a square base pyramid seen from below.

Figure 29 is a view of the same sub-assembly but considered from above.

Figure 30 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line XXX-XXX of Figure 29 and showing two assembled elements.

Figure 31 is a schematic view showing a subset characteristic of the invention, composed of four subsets of Figures 25 to 27 and consisting of a pyramid with a triangular base considered by one of its four identical faces. FIG. 32 is a view of the same sub-assembly but considered plumb with one of its four identical vertices.

Figure 33 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line XXXIII-XXXIII of Figure 32 and showing two assembled elements.

Figure 34 is a schematic view showing the possible assembly of sub-assemblies conforming to the invention and associating two inverted pyramids, one with a square base and the other with a triangular base.

Figure 35 is a schematic elevational view of the same assembly.

Figures 36 to 38 are schematic sectional views made respectively along the lines XXXVI-XXXVI, XXXVII - XXXVII and XXXVIII-XXXVIII of Figure 35.

FIG. 39 is a diagram showing the possible assembly of elements in accordance with the invention having equals only the external contours laughers, in order to create structures of various densities of matter.

Figure 40 is a diagram illustrating the same faculty of the invention.

Figure 41 is a schematic view of an assembly according to the invention, comprising three assembly parts located at the sonnets of a virtual equilateral triangle and joined pax spacers.

Figure 42 is a schematic view of an assembly similar to that of Figure 41 and according to which the assembly parts are each formed by a sub-assembly according to the invention. The invention relates to an element from which more or less complex sub-assemblies can be made assembled together, with or without the intermediary of separate elements, to create a complete structure. To simplify the description of the invention, only sub-assemblies are shown having in plan the form of equilateral triangles. But it should be understood that the polygonal shape of the subsets can be different from a triangle while being directly derived from it: losangeo, trapezoid, hexagon, parallelogram, the condition to be observed being that the polygon must only include angles 60 and / or 120 degrees. it is thus possible, in particular, to combine triangular sub-assemblies and trapezoidal sub-assemblies all placed in the same plane. The height of the trapezoids is then determined by the dimensions of the triangles since this height must be equal to that of a triangle, considered parallel to that of the corresponding trapezoid. Since elements and sub-assemblies can be associated with those mentioned above in perpendicular planes, the height considered can determine the spacing between two layers of elements and, for example, the spacing between two walls for example.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, we see a sub-assembly according to the invention made in one piece. It can be poured concrete, molded synthetic material, etc.

The subset has, in plan, the general shape of an equilateral triangle, so that its three sides 1 have the same length and that its angles 2 are all equal to 120 degrees.

Consequently, a rotation in its plane of 120, 240 or 360 degrees is undetectable, which means that it can be used indifferently by any of its sides 1 or its angles 2. Each of its sides has two small faces respectively 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 which are orthogonal, that is to say that they converge at a right angle 9 towards an outer line. Here, this line is real and determines an edge. The edges, respectively 10, 11 and 12, of the three sides are located in a virtual median plane, that is to say at an intermediate level between the two planes 13 and 14 of the two large faces (here solid) of the together. The two small faces 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 on the same side are connected to the two corresponding small faces of the adjacent sides of the triangle: small faces 3 with the small faces 5 and 7, small face 4 with the small sides 6 and 8. This connection is made in the bisector plane of the angles 2 at two different angles depending on whether it is the small faces 3-5-7 (small "upper" faces in FIGS. 1 and 2) or small faces 4-6-8 (small "lower" faces in Figures 1 and 2). For small faces 3-5-7 located "above" the median plane, this angle A is 120 degrees; for small faces 4-6-8 located "below" the median plane, this angle B is 90 degrees.

It is thus noted that the sub-assembly does not have symmetry with respect to the plane which contains the edges 10, 11 and 12. The sub-assembly is therefore not indifferently reversible and this is a characteristic of the invention which provides advantages which will be explained below.

We note that each small face 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 has the shape of a trapezoid whose large base, coαntune to the two small faces on the same side of the triangular subset, is formed by the line external (here a material edge) 10-11-12. The sides of the small faces 3-5-7 located in the bisecting planes po of the angles 2 make with the large base an angle C of 35 degrees 16 minutes and with the small base of the trapezium an angle D of 144 degrees 44 minutes. The sides of the other small faces 4-6-8 are also located in the bisector planes Po but they make with the large base of the trapezoid an angle E of 54 degrees 44 minutes (90 degrees -35 degrees 16 minutes) and with the small base of the trapezoid an angle F of 125 degrees 16 minutes.

Sub-assemblies according to the invention are intended to be assembled by placing one small face 3 to 8 of one of the sub-assemblies against one another and a small face 3 to 8 of another sub-assembly. together. But if we make coincide two small faces of the type 3-5-7 that is to say inclined by 120 degrees with respect to each other, the two subsets will be angularly arranged to form two faces of a pyramid with a triangular base (or tetrahedron). If we make coincide two small faces of the type 4-6-8 that is to say inclined by 90 degrees with respect to each other, the two sub-assemblies will be angularly arranged to form two faces d 'a pyramid with a square base. In the first case we can make the tetrahedron complete by placing two other subsets on the first two. One can also be satisfied with an irregular tetrahedron by using in total only three subsets, the fourth face of the tetrahedron resulting from the juxtaposition in triangle of sides belonging to said three subsets.

Of course, we can also complete the square base pyramid by adding two subsets to the first two.

But, and this is the essential interest of the invention, we can associate subsets to infinity, according to very diverse spatial arrangements, in particular to realize entire constructions such as building structures, bridges , shed frames, support trellis etc. The possible variation of the angular orientations, subsetable by subset, allows original solutions both on the aesthetic and on the technical level. it is also possible to apply the invention to the production of structures which are less bulky than those of the building or public works: leisure areas in gardens, games for children, fitting out of premises, shelters, greenhouses, etc. The subset of Figures 1 and 2 has been shown as a solid solid, but it can be lightened by providing a central hole leaving only a triangular border. In this case, it may be advantageous to make the subassembly no longer in one piece but for assembling segments forming a frame.

The essential condition is to provide the right angle 9. The segments can therefore have a triangular, square or rectangular section.

Referring now to Figures 3 to 6, we see how we can achieve a sub-assembly from elements according to the invention constituted by advantageously standard sections, here in section in the shape of a right triangle.

The profile 15, for example made of wood, is placed on a cutting table so that its side 16 opposite the right angle 9 forms an angle 17 with the plane P1 of the cutting table 17 of 9 degrees 44 minutes, this is to say that the bisector 18 of angle 9 must make with plane P1 an angle 19 of 80 degrees 16 minutes.

When the profile 15 is held in this position, it must be cut into segments by means of a cutting tool acting in a plane P2 forming an angle 20 of 30 degrees with a longitudinal vertical plane P3 of the profile 15.

The section plane shown in FIG. 4 is then obtained. Its angle 21 corresponding to the angle 9 is 54 degrees 44 minutes, its angle 22 adjacent to the side 16 is 45 degrees and its angle 23 is 80 degrees 16 minutes.

The profile 15 is cut symmetrically as just said and has, schematically, the appearance shown in Figure 5 in elevation and in Figure 6 in plan.

The right angle 9 is created by two faces 25 and 26 which determine an edge 27.

When two elements 15 are placed end to end, applying two of their cutting planes in perfect coincidence, they are placed as two sides of the subassembly of FIG. 1. It suffices to place a third segment 15, identical to the previous two, by applying the cutting planes which correspond to form a sub-assembly in accordance with the invention, in the form of an equilateral triangle, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9. Note a provision specific to the invention and according to which the faces 16 are inclined and convergent, this resulting from the desired angular offset between the two faces 25 and 26 which respectively constitute the faces 3, 5, 7 and 4, 6, 8 of the sub- assembly described with reference to FIG. 1. With triangular sub-assemblies in accordance with the invention, two standard volumes can be created: tetrahedron and pyramid with a square base, from which the possible variants are practically infinite.

In FIGS. 10 to 12, we see a pyramid with a square base which results from the assembly of four triangular sub-assemblies 30 identical to that of FIGS. 7 to 9.

In Figure 10, the pyramid is seen from its base. This is formed by four faces 25 which extend in the same plane. Note that the neighboring 30 subsets are placed side by side, face

26 against face 26, the faces 16 being placed at right angles, as can be seen more particularly in FIG. 12.

In FIGS. 13 to 15, we see a tetrahedron which also results from the assembly of four sub-assemblies 30 but, here, these sub-assemblies 30 have been arranged so that it is their faces 25 which are placed one against others. in figure 13 the tetrahedron is seen by a face, while in figure 14 it is seen by a vertex.

These two volumes: pyramid with square base and tetrahedron (or pyramid with triangular base) combine perfectly with each other as shown in an example in Figures 16 to 20. Figures 18 and 19 show a valuable advantage of the invention, according to which the plane P5 in which the faces 25 which extend the square base of the pyramid extend is parallel to the plane P6 in which the faces 25 of the sub-assemblies located opposite this are located base and forming an edge of the tetrahedron.

As has been specified above, it is important that the sides of the triangular sub-assembly have a right angle and it has been shown that if we adopt the embodiment according to which these sides are formed by segments of profiles, the section of these can be triangular or quadrangular (square or rectangular).

Figures 21 to 38 correspond to Figures 3 to 20 and show the production of sub-assemblies according to the invention with sections no longer of triangular but quadrangular and, more precisely, square section.

The profile 50, for example made of wood, is placed on a cutting table so that its face 250 forms an angle 52 with the plane P1 of the cutting table 52 of 54 degrees 44 minutes. This amounts to saying that the bisector 53 of angle 9 must make with the plane P1 an angle 54 of 80 degrees 16 minutes, corane in the previous case, and this is the reason why we took this reference corane bisector, because the angle it makes with the work surface has a constant value, whatever the section of the profile.

Profile 50 must be cut along a plane P2 which makes an angle 20 of 30 degrees with respect to the plane P3. This gives the section plane shown in Figure 22. The angle 21 corresponding to the right angle 9 is, indeed ontcmdu, the same as that of the previous example, that is to say that it has a value of 54 degrees 44 minutes. This cutting plane having the shape of a rhombus, the opposite angle 210 also has a value of 54 degrees 44 minutes.

The angles 220 and 230 corresponding to angles 22 and 23 both have a value of 125 degrees 16 minutes.

We find the faces 25 and 26 determining the edge 27 and, in addition, the face 250 and a fourth face 260 together determining an edge 270 instead of a single face 16.

Such a section with quadrangular section is cut symmetrically corane that is shown in Figures 23 and 24.

Three sections 50 are intended to be assembled end to end, by their cutting planes, in the same way as the sections 30 of the example of FIGS. 3 to 9.

The result of this assembly is shown in FIGS. 25 to 38. They are also triangular sub-assemblies which give rise to volumes in the form of a pyramid with a square base and of tetrahedra. We note that the contiguous segments of two neighboring subsets are always aligned at 90 or 180 degrees, which makes it possible to predict all kinds of regular and rational assemblies.

It is possible, thanks to this, to associate sub-assemblies which have the same external dimensions but different internal dimensions. The composite structure thus obtained is remarkable because, on the rational level, it makes it possible to distribute the force of the sub-assemblies according to the efforts to be supported and, on the aesthetic level, it allows appearances of lightness and transparency effects quite made news.

This is illustrated in Figures 39 and 40.

In FIG. 39, the assembly of large square segments 60, of a rectangular segment 70, of medium square segments 80 and of small square segments 90 has been shown in section. It is noted that these segments have uniform external dimensions whereas their interior dimensions are different.

In Figure 40, we see segments in elevation which fit perfectly simply because they have the same external dimensions, it is recalled that all sub-sets are equilateral triangles.

FIG. 41 shows a particular embodiment of the invention according to which the sub-assemblies can have non-uniform sides, the important thing being to provide orthogonal faces over at least part of their length. Here, the sub-assembly comprises three assembly parts 200 which reproduce most of the elements according to the invention. They include orthogonal faces of which only those visible 201 are those which correspond to the faces 25 of the quadrangu segments laires of Figures 21 to 38. They form two sides at an angle of 60 degrees and correspond, in a way, to the subjects of a single sub-assembly according to the invention and which one would have cut in the middle of its three sides. - The assembly parts are joined by rigid spacers 202 which can have any length, and in particular very large, to create very large sub-assemblies.

FIG. 42 shows a variant of this same embodiment, according to which the assembly parts 203 are complete elements according to the invention, that is to say whole equilateral triangles and, of course , with orthogonal lateral faces of which only those 204 and 205 corresponding to the faces 25 and 250 of the subsets of FIGS. 21 to 33 can be seen. The rigid connecting spacers have been simply mentioned by phantom lines 206 because they can be made of very varied ways: tubes, beams, rods straight or not etc.

The above description has made it possible to show that the essential of a sub-assembly according to the invention is the presence of two orthogonal lateral faces which converge towards an external line. On the other hand, this line can be either material, corane the edges shown in all of Figures 1 to 42, or virtual if this edge is removed.

This is what is shown in Figures 43 and 44. Figure 43 shows a flat chamfer 207 which extends between the orthogonal faces 25 and 26 of an element, the edge 27 being only virtual since immaterial.

In FIG. 44, it is the same, but there is seen a groove 208 which increases the hollow that the only chamfer 207 leaves at the center of segments arranged against each other.

This central recess makes it possible to provide, for example, a passage for cables, pipes and other accessories.

FIG. 45 shows an embodiment of the invention according to which each side of a sub-assembly is formed by an angle 300 having two orthogonal wings 301 and 302 defining an edge 303. This angle 300 is advantageously associated with a complementary material 304 and its usefulness can come from the fact that it strengthens the rigidity or the strength of this material. This can then be chosen mainly for its aesthetic or practical characteristics independent of its purely mechanical qualities. By way of example, mention may be made of corane glass. Material 304 and aluminum or steel for angle iron 300.

We have described in detail two possible variants for the choice of elements: triangular section or square section. Another interesting solution consists in using for each element a profile with rectangular section whose lengths of the adjacent sides are linked by the relation. Indeed, when such a profile is cut according to a 45 degree angle, the cut has a square section. It is then possible to provide assemblies of elements together in more numerous combinations since all the sides of the section being equal, these elements can correspond without preferential orientation. Therefore, by placing end to end such segments and orienting them properly, their longitudinal axes can make between themselves, not only a right angle but also an angle of one hundred and twenty degrees, their edges being corane indicated in Figure 21 The resulting polygon thus has small faces which correspond to those of other subsets, notably those described in detail here, that is to say triangular.

A sub-assembly according to the invention can easily receive rabbets, grooves and other retaining means for sheet materials: windows, panels, etc.

We have not described in detail the means by which the segments and / or sub-assemblies can be assembled because the skilled person has a wide choice: bolts, glue and others.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S

1- structural element intended to be assembled, by any known means, with other similar elements, characterized in that it is constituted by a segment of either individual and having to be assembled end to end with other similar elements, either virtual and integrated into a structural subassembly of at least three elements which must itself be assembled with other elements and / or subassemblies, the segment having a section having at least one right angle (9) and in that the ends of the segment (15-50) are symmetrical and each located in a vertical plane (P2) which makes with an virtual vertical longitudinal plane (P3) of the segment (15-50) an angle (20) of thirty degrees when said segment (15-50) is oriented so that the bisector (18-53) of the right angle (9) makes with an horizontal plane (P1) an angle (19-54) of eighty d- εgrés sixteen minutes, an angle of forty five degrees. 2- element according to claim 1, characterized in that the segment has a triangular section.

3- element according to claim 1, characterized in that the segment has a quadrangular section.

4- element according to claim 3, characterized in that the segment has a rectangular section of which two adjacent sides have lengths which are linked by the relationship , the ends of the segment being situated in a plane which makes an angle of forty-five degrees with the axis of the segment.

5- element according to claim 1, characterized in that the edge (27) of the segment corresponding to the right angle (9) of its section is real.

6- element according to claim 1, characterized in that the edge (27) of the segment corresponding to the right angle (9) of its section is virtual to the right of a chamfer either plane (207) is concave and possibly provided a groove (208). 7-element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is integrated into a sub-assembly which has in plan the shape of a polygon having only angles of sixty and / or one hundred and twenty degrees.

8- Element according to claim 7, characterized in that each side (1) of the polygon has, over at least part of its length, two small faces (3-4, 5-6, 7-8) converging at right angles towards a line (9-10-11) external to the polygon, the two small faces (3-4, 5-6, 7 8) on the same side (1) connecting to the two corresponding small faces of the adjacent sides (1 ) of the polygon along the bisector plane of each of the angles (2) of said polygon, forming between them an angle (A) of ninety degrees for the small faces (3-5-7) located on the same side of the line external (10-11-12) and an angle (B) of one hundred and twenty degrees for the small faces (4-6-8) located on the other side of said external line (10-11-12). 9- Element according to claim 8, characterized in that each small face (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 25, 26) of the sub-assembly corresponds to a segment face and has the shape of a trapezoid whose large base is the outer line (10, 11, 12, 27) and in that one of the small faces (3, 5, 7, 25) has one side, at least, which makes with the large base ( 10-11-12- 27) an angle (C) of thirty five degrees sixteen minutes and with the small base of said trapezoid an angle (D) of one hundred forty four degrees forty four minutes, while the other small face (4, 6, 8, 26) on the same side of the polygon has a side, at least, which makes with the large base (10,

11, 12, 27) an angle (E) of fifty four degrees forty four minutes and with the small base of said trapezium an angle (F) of one hundred twenty five degrees sixteen minutes.

10- Element according to claim 7, characterized in that the sub-assembly has a central opening in the form of a polygon whose sides (16, 250-260) are parallel to the outer sides of the sub-assembly.

11- Element according to claim 7, characterized in that the sub-assembly has large solid faces, its small faces (3-4, 5-6 and 7-8) corresponding to the two sides of the right angle of a segment of which

^ the two other small faces are then only virtual and confused with the material of the large solid faces.

12- element according to claim 7, characterized in that the sub-assembly comprises assembly parts (200-203) which constitute polygon sonnets and which must be joined, by any known means, by rigid connecting spacers (202-206).

13- Element according to claim 12, characterized in that the assembly parts of the sub-assembly are themselves each formed by a sub-assembly (203) according to the invention.

14- Element according to claim 1, characterized in that its small faces corresponding to the sides of the right angle of its section are formed by an angle (300) possibly associated with a complementary material (304).