EP0110800A1 - Construction elements - Google Patents

Construction elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0110800A1
EP0110800A1 EP83440057A EP83440057A EP0110800A1 EP 0110800 A1 EP0110800 A1 EP 0110800A1 EP 83440057 A EP83440057 A EP 83440057A EP 83440057 A EP83440057 A EP 83440057A EP 0110800 A1 EP0110800 A1 EP 0110800A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modules
elements
construction elements
module
elements according
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Granted
Application number
EP83440057A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0110800B1 (en
Inventor
Marcel Boeglin
Gérard Boeglin
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to AT83440057T priority Critical patent/ATE41316T1/en
Publication of EP0110800A1 publication Critical patent/EP0110800A1/en
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Publication of EP0110800B1 publication Critical patent/EP0110800B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F9/00—Games not otherwise provided for
    • A63F9/06—Patience; Other games for self-amusement
    • A63F9/12—Three-dimensional jig-saw puzzles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to construction elements which can be used in particular for recreational, educational, pedagogical, psychotechnical, decorative and artistic purposes.
  • the present invention aims to develop a set of construction elements allowing many combinations and whose assembly is simple, quick and easy while ensuring good cohesion to the constructions thus produced.
  • the subject of the invention is construction elements in the form of assembly modules capable of cooperating with at least one such assembly module, these modules adapting to each other so as to form a cube, characterized by that they each consist of two or three modules connected to each other by one end, so that the cubes obtained by completing said modules by identical or similar modules constitute two by two of the rectangular parallelepipeds.
  • the assembly modules are of three types s, ie left modules rights modules and symmetrical modules.
  • a left or right module can be assembled with an identical module according to two distinct relative orientations to form with said module a cube.
  • the left and right modules are deduced from each other - by symmetry with respect to a plane.
  • a symmetrical module can cooperate with a second symmetrical module according to three distinct orientations deduced from each other by rotations of 120 ° of one of the modules around the axis passing through the center of the cube formed by these modules and the vertex , from this cube, from which come the three edges along which the three branches of said module are directed.
  • Each module contains four small cubes, so that its assembly with an identical module generates a large cube with an edge double that of the small ones.
  • a symmetrical module is characterized in that the four small cubes it contains are arranged along the three edges from the same top of the large cube. In a left or right module, the four small cubes are arranged along the three edges joining two opposite vertices of the large cube.
  • a similar left module can be deduced from the right module by symmetry.
  • An improvement in the cohesion of the assemblies can be obtained by the use of magnetic elements and / or elements operating by wedging, or elements comprising complementary protuberances and depressions.
  • a magnetic element cooperates with a second element to be linked to the latter by magnetic forces, each of said elements presenting to the other at least two poles so that each pole of one is in contact with an opposite pole of the other.
  • An element operating by wedging comprises at least two branches forming, for example, a U and which tend to compress at least one of the modules which cooperate with said element, when this element is completed by as many modules as it can 'be.
  • Such steric hindrance problems are solved within the framework of the invention by means of elements comprising at least one separable or movable part in translation and / or in rotation and which can be retracted momentarily to allow their insertion or the insertion of the or the following. After positioning of the elements, the separable or movable parts can be placed in the desired position, which has the effect of locking the assembly. Elements having movable parts have the additional advantage of uniting two or more monolithic elements into a single element and therefore allow a greater number of combinations.
  • the construction elements each consist of at least four modules which do not form a closed cycle.
  • the construction element 1-1 comprising at least one RLS assembly module, and capable of cooperating with at least one such module RLS assembly, these RLS modules adapting to each other so as to form a cube, is characterized in that it is essentially constituted by two R or L or S modules. These modules are advantageously connected together by one end 17- 18, and / or in such a way that the cubes obtained by supplementing said RLS modules with identical or similar modules constitute two by two of the rectangular parallelepipeds (FIGS. 4, 7 and 10).
  • the construction element 1 ′ comprises at least five small cubes, preferably six, joined together so as to form in said element at least two separate modules which can be completed at less successively by an RL or S module.
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c show an element 21 consisting of two left modules as well as two non-equivalent assemblies of two such elements 21 and 21 '.
  • the two elements 21 and 21 ' cooperate in a straight line while in that of Figure 3c, these same elements cooperate at right angles.
  • Figures 4a to 4d show an element 22 consisting of a straight module and a symmetrical module as well as three non-equivalent assemblies of two such elements 22 and 22 'cooperating by their symmetrical modules.
  • Figures 5a and 5b show an element 23 consisting of two straight modules and a construction composed of three such elements 23, 23 'and 23 ".
  • Figures 6a and 6b show an element 24 consisting of two symmetrical modules - and a construction composed of three such elements 24, 24 'and 24 ".
  • FIG. 7 represents the same construction composed of three elements 25 made up of two symmetrical modules, and of three enantiomorphic elements 26 of the previous three 25.
  • Figure 8 shows a cube made up of four elements 27, two elements 28 and two enantiomorphic elements 29 of the previous two 28.
  • Figure 9 shows a cube made up of four elements 32 and four elements 33.
  • the toroidal construction shown in FIG. 10 consists of eight enantiomorphic elements 21 of the elements 30, each element 21 being assembled in a straight line with one 21 'of its two partners and at right angles to the other 21 "as in the figures 3b and 3c.
  • FIGS. 11 to 15 show periodic constructions, which may contain their constituent elements in any number.
  • FIGS. 11 to 13 represent simply periodic structures
  • FIG. 14 shows a doubly periodic structure composed of elements 37 constituted by two symmetrical modules and by a straight module
  • FIG. 15 represents a triple periodic structure composed of elements 38 constituted by four symmetrical modules.
  • the structures of FIGS. 11 and 12 have the particularity of being able to be constructed or dismantled only by adding or removing one element at a time at the ends, each added element blocking the previous one as each mesh added to a knitted fabric prevents the previous one to unravel.
  • FIG. 13 shows a similar structure at the ends of which the elements 36 of which it is composed can be added in pairs 36, 36 ', each pair 36, 36' added blocking the previous pair 36 ", 36" "and ensuring, step by step, perfect cohesion to the construction.
  • FIG. 11b The structure of FIG. 11b consists of elements 35, an isolated copy of which is shown in FIG. 11a, assembled at right angles. Construction thus obtained has a 4th order helical symmetry.
  • the structure shown in Figure 12 consists of elements 21 assembled at right angles as in Figure 3c and has a helical symmetry of order 3. By its shape, this construction also constitutes an element according to the invention.
  • FIGS 16 to 21 show, by way of examples, other embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 16 shows elements made up of two symmetrical modules.
  • Figure 17 shows elements consisting of a straight module and a symmetrical module.
  • Figure 18 shows elements made up of two straight modules.
  • Figure 19 shows elements consisting of a left module and a right module.
  • Figure 20 shows elements made up of three modules.
  • Figure 21 shows elements made up of four modules.
  • Figure 22 shows examples of elements comprising parts movable in translation by sliding of said parts one on the other. Two adjacent movable parts of such an element are linked by means of a rail 40 integral with one of said parts and with a slide 41 made in the other. In the elements shown, the amplitude of the translational movement of two adjacent parts is substantially equal to half the length of the edge of the cube formed by the assembly of two modules. It should be noted that such translations transform these elements into other elements in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 23 shows part of an element comprising a T-shaped slide terminated at one end by a stop 42 formed by the body of said part. The other end is closed by a cover 43, which fits around the body of the slide.
  • the cover includes a spacer 44 in order to increase the resistance to crushing of the body of the slide.
  • Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view of a rail-slide assembly with a T-profile.
  • the rail is made of an elastic material and split longitudinally over its entire length into two parts 45, 45 'which tend to s' move away from each other and are therefore applied against the side walls 46, 46 'of the slide. The friction that results from this contact prevents spontaneous sliding of the rail in the slide.
  • a shoe 47 at the base of the rail prevents lateral movements of the latter in the slide.
  • FIG. 25 shows a cube made up of four elements 48, two elements 21 and two elements 30, one of which 30 ′ comprises a movable part 49, the assembly of said cube not being possible by means of these same elements s 'They are all monolithic and undeformable.
  • the element 30 ′ can be removed from the construction by pulling it to the right after having actuated its movable part 49 in the direction of the arrow.
  • FIGS. 26a, 26b and 26c show by way of example an extendable element 27 consisting of a left module L and a right module R joined by a rod 50 contained in said modules and along which at least one modules can slide away from each other to an extreme position of maximum stretch of the element.
  • Figure 26a shows the element 27 in its contracted state where the left and right modules which constitute it are joined.
  • Figures 26b and 26c show the same element in two stretched states.
  • the length of the maximum stretched element is greater than its length in the contracted state by an amount at least equal to the length of the edge of a small cube.
  • the stretch is substantially equal to or slightly greater than twice the edge of a small cube.
  • FIGS. 27a, 27b, 27c and 27d show, by way of example, an element 30 consisting of two straight modules which can rotate relative to each other about their connecting axis D.
  • the element comprises, of preferably, a device making it possible to block it in each of the four particular conformations 30, 51, 52 and 53 shown in FIGS. 27a to 27d.
  • Figures 28, 29 and 30 relate to a device for producing expandable elements, the two parts joined by said device can also pivot about their connecting axis and be locked in four different relative orientations.
  • Figure 28 is a sectional view of an element consisting, for example, of a left module L and a right module R joined by one end and comprising such a device.
  • the left module is traversed by a bore comprising a shoulder 54 at the end of said module in contact with the right module.
  • the connection between the two modules is carried out by means of a square head screw 50 on which are threaded a guide washer 55 and a spring 56 before said screw is introduced into the bore of the left module and screwed into the module law.
  • the bore is closed by means of a circular cover 57 having on its inner face a square depression 58 adapted to the shape of the head 59 of the screw and covering said head when the two modules are joined.
  • Figure 29 is a row view of the cover, the screw and the guide washer.
  • a fine washer 60 placed between the spring 56 and the shoulder 54 forming the bottom of the bore prevents wear of said shoulder by the end of the spring.
  • the length at rest of the spring is preferably chosen to be as large as possible, so that said spring applies the two modules against each other with a force differing as little as possible from the force which is necessary to hold said modules in their position of maximum distance.
  • Figure 30 is a sectional view of the same element produced according to a variant of the previous device in order to allow an amplitude of translation of its constituent modules at least equal to twice the edge of a small cube.
  • This device is characterized in that each of the two parts R, L thus assembled is traversed by a bore containing a spring 56, 56 '.
  • the connection between said parts is achieved by means of a rod. 50 comprising at one of its ends a cylindrical head 61 and at the other end a circular groove in which is embedded an open ring 62 on which a washer rests. guide 55.
  • the spring 56 bears on one side on the bottom 54 of the bore and on the other on the guide washer 55.
  • Locking in rotation of the two parts R, L is provided by a square plate 63 threaded on the rod between said parts which comprise, on the faces opposite one another, a square depression 64, 64 ′ of a depth substantially equal to half of the thickness of the wafer. The plate can be secured to one of the parts.
  • connection between the modules can also be carried out by means of a pre-stressed elastic sleeve, for example made of rubber.
  • Figure 31 is a perspective view of the body of a straight module for the production of elements according to the devices described above.
  • Figure 32a shows a construction made up of three elements 65, 65 ', 65 ".
  • the assembly is not possible by means of three monolithic and non-deformable elements, but can be carried out if one of said elements is stretchable of an amount at least equal to the edge of a small cube, as can be seen in Figure 32b.
  • FIG. 33a shows an assembly of three elements 52, 52 ′, 52 "according to the invention made up of two straight modules joined together so as to be able to pivot around their connecting axis D and being in the configuration shown in FIG. 27c
  • the phases of disassembly (and, conversely, of assembly) are illustrated by FIGS. 33b and 33c.
  • the element 52 arranged vertically is placed in the conformation 30 shown in FIG. 27a So that the element 52 ′, arranged horizontally and from front to rear, can be extracted upwards, it suffices then (see FIG. 33c) to place it in the conformation 53 shown in FIG. 27d.
  • the elements 52, 52 ′, 52 ′′ used for the production of the present construction are extensible in the direction of their axis of rotation and / or that their edges are rounded.
  • Cases of steric hindrance of the type illustrated in FIGS. 32a-32b can also be resolved by means of elements made of a sufficiently flexible material such as rubber or neoprene so that they can be stretched with a quantity at least equal to the length of the edge of a small cube.
  • a circular section or close to a circle of such elements will allow or facilitate the resolution, by twisting of these elements, of cases of steric impediments such as those of FIGS. 33a to 33c.
  • any element or module in accordance with the invention may be composed of more than two separable or movable parts in translation and / or in rotation with respect to each other.
  • a magnetic element or module is characterized in that it comprises at least two magnetic poles.
  • FIG. 34 shows a preferred polar configuration of a straight magnetic module R, characterized in that it comprises four poles +, - arranged in the two rectangles 13 which form part of the so-called internal surface of said module.
  • Each rectangle 13 has two opposite poles +, - arranged symmetrically with respect to the straight line 66 which divides said rectangle into two squares, the two + poles which are located near the ends 17 of the module having the same sign.
  • FIG. 35 shows another polar configuration of a straight magnetic module R, characterized in that it comprises four poles +, - arranged in the squares 14 constituting the other part of the internal surface of said module.
  • Each of the two squares 14 has two opposite poles arranged symmetrically on either side of the diagonal of said square which is an extension of the diagonal of the other.
  • the poles are distributed in the squares so that two poles of the same sign are on the same side of the straight line 67 defined by said diagonals.
  • Figures 36 and 37 show two polar configurations of a symmetrical magnetic module S. As shown in said figures, these modules have a pair of opposite poles +, - in each of the six squares 15, 15 'constituting the surface said internal of said modules.
  • the configuration shown in Figure 36 is characterized in that the two poles +, - arranged near the same projecting edge> 68 or reentrant 69 defined by two adjacent squares 15, 15 t any are of opposite sign.
  • the configuration shown in Figure 37 is characterized in that the two poles arranged near the same edge 68, 69 are of the same sign. Six-pole configurations can be deduced from the previous two by deleting the two +, - poles from a 15 or 15 'square on two.
  • Any magnetic element preferably comprises at least one magnetic module as defined above.
  • Such an element or a magnetic module can, for example, be made of a material loaded with a suitably polarized ferromagnetic powder.
  • Another mechanical means of connection consists in replacing, in the polar configurations of FIGS. 34 to 37 and those which can be derived therefrom, all the poles of the same sign by small protuberances, for example hemispherical, the poles of the other sign being replaced by depressions adapted to the shape of the protrusions.
  • each protuberance of each of said modules or elements fits into the corresponding depression of the other element or module thanks to a slight elastic deformation of said modules or elements .
  • Figures 38 and 39 show, with strongly exaggerated curvatures, two embodiments of an element 27 operating by wedging.
  • an element 27 When such an element 27 is completed in accordance with the method of the invention by a left module and a right module, its two branches 70, 71 are spaced apart elastically by said modules and hold the latter by the pressure they exert on them. So that they can be easily assembled, the elements operating by wedging and the elements intended to cooperate with them preferably have rounded edges. Many other elements which do not fall within the scope of these definitions can also operate by wedging, such as for example the elements 51, 53 of FIGS. 27b and 27d, the elements 74 of FIG. 17, the elements 32, 33, 77, 78, 28, 31 of FIG. 18 and the elements 80, 48, of FIG. 19.
  • FIGS. 40 to 50 represent alternative embodiments of the elements according to the invention, in which the different modules have octagonal ( Figures 40 to 42), rounded ( Figures 43 and 44) or cruciform ( Figures 45 to 50) sections.
  • Such embodiments make the handling more pleasant and the operation smoother, while giving the elements an original and aesthetic character.
  • these embodiments also make it possible to easily manufacture the elements by molding by reducing the deformations due to shrinkage, and a gain in raw material.
  • FIGS. 51 and 52 represent an element 127 constituted by a right module R and by a left module L and comprising protuberances in the form of beads 101, 102 and of depressions in the form of grooves 103, 104 complementary, said beads and said grooves being arranged so that, when two such R or L modules cooperate to form a cube, the beads 101 and 102 of one are housed in the grooves 103 and 104 of the other, and this in the two relative orientations in which said R or L modules can be assembled to form a cube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

The construction elements are provided as assembly modules (R-L-S) capable of cooperating with at least one such assembly module (R-L-S), said modules (R-L-S) being interadaptable so as to form a tube, and characterized in that they are each comprised of two or three modules.

Description

L'invention concerne des éléments de construction utilisables notamment à des fins ludiques, éducatives, pédagogiques, psychotechniques, décoratives et artistiques.The invention relates to construction elements which can be used in particular for recreational, educational, pedagogical, psychotechnical, decorative and artistic purposes.

La présente invention a pour but l'élaboration d'un ensemble d'éléments de construction permettant de nombreuses combinaisons et dont l'assemblage est simple, rapide et aisé tout en assurant une bonne cohésion aux constructions ainsi réalisées.The present invention aims to develop a set of construction elements allowing many combinations and whose assembly is simple, quick and easy while ensuring good cohesion to the constructions thus produced.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet des éléments de construction sous forme de modules d'assemblage susceptibles de.coopérer avec au moins un tel module d'assemblage, cesdits modules s'adaptant mutuellement de manière à former un cube, caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont constitués chacun par deux ou trois modules reliés entre eux par une extrémité, de sorte que les cubes obtenus en complétant lesdits modules par des modules identiques ou de même nature constituent deux à deux des parallélépipèdes rectangles.To this end, the subject of the invention is construction elements in the form of assembly modules capable of cooperating with at least one such assembly module, these modules adapting to each other so as to form a cube, characterized by that they each consist of two or three modules connected to each other by one end, so that the cubes obtained by completing said modules by identical or similar modules constitute two by two of the rectangular parallelepipeds.

Les modules d'assemblage sont de trois types,à savoir des modules gauches, des modules droits et des modules symétriques.The assembly modules are of three types s, ie left modules rights modules and symmetrical modules.

Un module gauche ou droit est susceptible d'être assemblé avec un module identique selon deux orientations relatives distinctes pour former avec ledit module un cube. Les modules gauches et droits se déduisent l'un de l'autre.-par une symétrie par rapport à un plan.A left or right module can be assembled with an identical module according to two distinct relative orientations to form with said module a cube. The left and right modules are deduced from each other - by symmetry with respect to a plane.

Un module symétrique peut coopérer avec un deuxième module symétrique selon trois orientations distinctes se déduisant les unes des autres par des rotations de 120° de l'un des modules autour de l'axe passant par le centre du cube formé par ces modules et le sommet, de ce cube, dont sont issues les trois arêtes suivant lesquelles sont dirigées les trois branches dudit module. Chaque module renferme quatre petits cubes, de sorte que son assemblage avec un module identique engendre un grand cube d'arête double de celle des petits. Un module symétrique est caractérisé en ce que les quatre petits cubes qu'il renferme sont disposés le long des trois arêtes issues d'un même sommet du grand cube. Dans un module'gauche ou droit, les quatre petits cubes sont disposés le long des trois arêtes joignant deux sommets opposés du grand cube. Un module gauche analogue peut être déduit du module droit par symétrie.A symmetrical module can cooperate with a second symmetrical module according to three distinct orientations deduced from each other by rotations of 120 ° of one of the modules around the axis passing through the center of the cube formed by these modules and the vertex , from this cube, from which come the three edges along which the three branches of said module are directed. Each module contains four small cubes, so that its assembly with an identical module generates a large cube with an edge double that of the small ones. A symmetrical module is characterized in that the four small cubes it contains are arranged along the three edges from the same top of the large cube. In a left or right module, the four small cubes are arranged along the three edges joining two opposite vertices of the large cube. A similar left module can be deduced from the right module by symmetry.

Une amélioration de la cohésion des assemblages peut être obtenue par l'emploi d'éléments magnétiques et/ou d'éléments fonctionnant par coincement, ou d'éléments comportant des protubérances et des dépressions complémentaires.An improvement in the cohesion of the assemblies can be obtained by the use of magnetic elements and / or elements operating by wedging, or elements comprising complementary protuberances and depressions.

Un élément magnétique coopère avec un deuxième élément pour être lié à ce dernier par des forces magnétiques, chacun desdits éléments présentant à l'autre au moins deux pôles de telle façon que chaque pôle de l'un se trouve en contact avec un pôle opposé de l'autre.A magnetic element cooperates with a second element to be linked to the latter by magnetic forces, each of said elements presenting to the other at least two poles so that each pole of one is in contact with an opposite pole of the other.

Un élément fonctionnant par coincement comporte au moins deux branches formant, par exemple, un U et qui ont tendance à comprimer au moins l'un des modules qui coopèrent avec ledit élément, lorsque cet élément est complété par autant de modules qu'il peut l'être.An element operating by wedging comprises at least two branches forming, for example, a U and which tend to compress at least one of the modules which cooperate with said element, when this element is completed by as many modules as it can 'be.

Il est possible que la mise en place dans l'assemblage d'un ou de plusieurs éléments est empêchée par l'environnement de l'élément ou des éléments avec lesquels le ou lesdits éléments supplémentaires sont destinés à coopérer.It is possible that the placement in the assembly of one or more elements is prevented by the environment of the element or elements with which the said additional element or elements are intended to cooperate.

De tels problèmes d'empêchements stériques sont résolus dans le cadre de l'invention au moyen d'éléments comportant au moins une partie séparable ou mobile en translation et/ou en rotation et pouvant être escamotée momentanément pour permettre leur insertion ou l'insertion du ou des éléments suivants. Après mise en place des éléments, les parties séparables ou mobiles peuvent être placées dans la position désirée, ce qui a pour effet de verrouiller l'assemblage. Des éléments comportant des parties mobiles ont pour avantage supplémentaire de réunir en un seul deux ou plusieurs éléments monolithiques et permettent par conséquent un plus grand nombre de combinaisons.Such steric hindrance problems are solved within the framework of the invention by means of elements comprising at least one separable or movable part in translation and / or in rotation and which can be retracted momentarily to allow their insertion or the insertion of the or the following. After positioning of the elements, the separable or movable parts can be placed in the desired position, which has the effect of locking the assembly. Elements having movable parts have the additional advantage of uniting two or more monolithic elements into a single element and therefore allow a greater number of combinations.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les éléments de construction sont constitués chacun par au moins quatre modules ne formant pas un cycle fermé.According to another characteristic of the invention, the construction elements each consist of at least four modules which do not form a closed cycle.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure la montre un élément conforme à l'invention complété par deux modules droits ;
  • la figure lb montre un élément complété par un module gauche et un module droit ;
  • la figure 2 représente une variante de réalisation de la figure 1 comportant des modules symétriques ;
  • les figures 3a, 3b et 3c montrent un élément constitué de deux modules gauches ainsi que les deux assemblages réalisables selon l'invention au moyen de deux tels éléments ;
  • les figures 4a, 4b, 4c et 4d montrent un élément constitué d'un module droit et d'un module symétrique, ainsi que trois assemblages réalisés au moyen de deux tels éléments en faisant coopérer leur module symétrique ;
  • les figures 5 à 15 montrent quelques exemples de constructions réalisées au moyen d'éléments conformes à l'invention ;
  • les figures 16 à 21 montrent de façon non limitative une collection d'éléments conformes à l'invention ;
  • la figure 22 montre à titre d'exemple quelques éléments comportant des parties pouvant être translatées par glissement des unes sur les autres ;
  • les figures 23 et 24 sont relatives à la réalisation d'un dispositif de liaison de deux parties pouvant être translatées par glissement de l'une sur l'autre ;
  • la figure 25 montre un exemple d'utilisation d'éléments comportant des parties pouvant être translatées par glissement ;
  • les figures 26a, 26b et 26c montrent un exemple d'élément comportant des parties mobiles par translation le long de leur axe de liaison ;
  • les figures 27a à 27d montrent un exemple d'élément comportant des parties mobiles en rotation ;
  • les figures 28 à 31 sont relatives à la réalisation de dispositifs de liaison entre deux parties mobiles en translation et/ou en rotation ;
  • les figures 32a et 32b montrent un exemple d'utilisation d'éléments comportant des parties mobiles en translation le long de leur axe de liaison ;
  • les figures 33a à 33c montrent un exemple d'utilisation d'éléments comportant des parties mobiles en rotation autour de leur axe de liaison ;
  • les figures 34, 35, 36 et 37 montrent des modules magnétiques droits et symétriques ;
  • les figures 38 et 39 montrent deux éléments permettant la réalisation de liaisons par coincement ;
  • la figure 40 montre deux vues d'un module droit de section octogonale obtenu par troncature d'un module droit de section carrée ;
  • la figure 41 représente un élément de section octogonale composé de deux modules droits ;
  • la figure 42 montre deux vues d'un module symétrique de section octogonale obtenu par troncature d'un module de section carrée ;
  • la figure 43 montre deux modules droits de section quasi-circulaire ;
  • la figure 44 représente deux modules symétriques de section quasi-circulaire ;
  • la figure 45 montre un module droit de section cruciforme ;
  • la figure 46 représente un élément de section cruciforme composé de deux modules droits ;
  • la figure 47 représente un module symétrique de section cruciforme ;
  • la figure 48 montre un élément de section cruciforme composé de deux modules symétriques ;
  • la figure 49 représente une section cruciforme particulière ;
  • la figure 50 est une illustration d'une nouvelle possibilité d'assemblage offerte par la section cruciforme particulière, et
  • les figures 51 a 54 représentent d'autres modes de réalisation d'éléments de construction.
The invention will be better understood thanks to the description below, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:
  • Figure la shows an element according to the invention supplemented by two straight modules;
  • FIG. 1B shows an element completed by a left module and a right module;
  • FIG. 2 represents an alternative embodiment of FIG. 1 comprising symmetrical modules;
  • Figures 3a, 3b and 3c show an element consisting of two left modules and the two assemblies achievable according to the invention by means of two such elements;
  • Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d show an element consisting of a straight module and a symmetrical module, as well as three assemblies produced by means of two such elements by making their symmetrical module cooperate;
  • Figures 5 to 15 show some examples of constructions made using elements according to the invention;
  • Figures 16 to 21 show, without limitation, a collection of elements according to the invention;
  • FIG. 22 shows by way of example some elements comprising parts which can be translated by sliding one over the other;
  • Figures 23 and 24 relate to the production of a connecting device of two parts which can be translated by sliding one over the other;
  • FIG. 25 shows an example of the use of elements comprising parts which can be translated by sliding;
  • Figures 26a, 26b and 26c show an example of an element comprising parts movable by translation along their connecting axis;
  • FIGS. 27a to 27d show an example of an element comprising parts movable in rotation;
  • Figures 28 to 31 relate to the production of connecting devices between two parts movable in translation and / or in rotation;
  • FIGS. 32a and 32b show an example of the use of elements comprising parts movable in translation along their connecting axis;
  • FIGS. 33a to 33c show an example of the use of elements comprising parts which are mobile in rotation about their connecting axis;
  • Figures 34, 35, 36 and 37 show straight and symmetrical magnetic modules;
  • Figures 38 and 39 show two elements allowing the realization of connections by wedging;
  • FIG. 40 shows two views of a right module of octagonal section obtained by truncation of a right module of square section;
  • FIG. 41 represents an element of octagonal section composed of two straight modules;
  • FIG. 42 shows two views of a symmetrical module of octagonal section obtained by truncation of a module of square section;
  • FIG. 43 shows two straight modules of quasi-circular section;
  • FIG. 44 represents two symmetrical modules of quasi-circular section;
  • FIG. 45 shows a straight module of cruciform section;
  • FIG. 46 represents a cruciform cross-section element composed of two straight modules;
  • FIG. 47 represents a symmetrical module of cross-section;
  • FIG. 48 shows an element of cruciform cross section composed of two symmetrical modules;
  • Figure 49 shows a particular cross-section;
  • FIG. 50 is an illustration of a new possibility of assembly offered by the particular cruciform section, and
  • Figures 51 to 54 show other embodiments of building elements.

Conformément à l'invention, et comme le montrent plus particulièrement les figures 1 à 3 des dessins annexés, l'élément de construction 1-1' comprenant au moins un module d'assemblage R-L-S, et susceptible de coopérer avec au moins un tel module d'assemblage R-L-S, ces modules R-L-S s'adaptant mutuellement de manière à former un cube, est caractérisé en ce qu'il est essentiellement constitué par deux modules R ou L ou S. Ces modules sont avantageusement reliés entre eux par une extrémité 17-18, et/ou de manière à ce que les cubes obtenus en complétant lesdits modules R-L-S par des modules identiques ou de même nature constituent deux à deux des parallélépipèdes rectangles (figures 4, 7 et 10).According to the invention, and as shown more particularly in Figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings, the construction element 1-1 'comprising at least one RLS assembly module, and capable of cooperating with at least one such module RLS assembly, these RLS modules adapting to each other so as to form a cube, is characterized in that it is essentially constituted by two R or L or S modules. These modules are advantageously connected together by one end 17- 18, and / or in such a way that the cubes obtained by supplementing said RLS modules with identical or similar modules constitute two by two of the rectangular parallelepipeds (FIGS. 4, 7 and 10).

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention (figure lb), l'élément de construction 1' comporte au moins cinq petits cubes, de préférence six, réunis de façon à former dans ledit élément au moins deux modules distincts pouvant être complétés au moins successivement par un module R-L ou S.According to another embodiment of the invention (FIG. 1b), the construction element 1 ′ comprises at least five small cubes, preferably six, joined together so as to form in said element at least two separate modules which can be completed at less successively by an RL or S module.

Les figures 3a, 3b et 3c montrent un élément 21 constitué de deux modules gauches ainsi que deux assemblages non équivalents de deux tels éléments 21 et 21'. Dans l'assemblage de la figure 3b, les deux éléments 21 et 21' coopèrent en ligne droite alors que dans celui de la figure 3c, ces mêmes éléments coopèrent à angle droit.FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c show an element 21 consisting of two left modules as well as two non-equivalent assemblies of two such elements 21 and 21 '. In the assembly of Figure 3b, the two elements 21 and 21 'cooperate in a straight line while in that of Figure 3c, these same elements cooperate at right angles.

Les figures 4a à 4d montrent un élément 22 constitué d'un module droit et d'un module symétrique ainsi que trois assemblages non équivalents de deux tels éléments 22 et 22' coopérant par leurs modules symétriques.Figures 4a to 4d show an element 22 consisting of a straight module and a symmetrical module as well as three non-equivalent assemblies of two such elements 22 and 22 'cooperating by their symmetrical modules.

La description qui précède, de modes de réalisation et de formes d'exécution possibles de l'invention montre que celle-ci englobe un grand nombre d'éléments très divers. Cette diversité, alliée à la faculté des éléments de pouvoir être assemblés non seulement avec des éléments identiques mais également avec des éléments différents et dans la plupart des cas selon plusieurs orientations non équivalentes, permet de combiner ces éléments en un nombre considérable de constructions extrêmement variées ainsi que cela apparaît dans les figures 5 à 15. Les éléments constitutifs des constructions des figures 7 à 10 et 12 à 15 ou les énantiomorphes de ces éléments sont représentés dans les collections d'éléments des figures 16 à 21.The foregoing description of possible embodiments and embodiments of the invention shows that it encompasses a large number of very diverse elements. This diversity, combined with the ability of the elements to be able to be assembled not only with identical elements but also with different elements and in most cases according to several non-equivalent orientations, makes it possible to combine these elements into a considerable number of extremely varied constructions. as shown in Figures 5 to 15. The constituent elements of the constructions of Figures 7 to 10 and 12 to 15 or the enantiomorphs of these elements are represented in the collections of elements of Figures 16 to 21.

Les figures 5a et 5b montrent un élément 23 constitué de deux modules droits et une construction composée de trois tels éléments 23, 23' et 23".Figures 5a and 5b show an element 23 consisting of two straight modules and a construction composed of three such elements 23, 23 'and 23 ".

Les figures 6a et 6b montrent un élément 24 constitué de deux modules symétriques-et une construction composée de trois tels éléments 24, 24' et 24".Figures 6a and 6b show an element 24 consisting of two symmetrical modules - and a construction composed of three such elements 24, 24 'and 24 ".

La figure 7 représente une même construction composée de trois éléments 25 constitués de deux modules symétriques, et de trois éléments 26 énantiomorphes des trois précédents 25.FIG. 7 represents the same construction composed of three elements 25 made up of two symmetrical modules, and of three enantiomorphic elements 26 of the previous three 25.

La figure 8 montre un cube constitué de quatre éléments 27, de deux éléments 28 et de deux éléments 29 énantiomorphes des deux précédents 28.Figure 8 shows a cube made up of four elements 27, two elements 28 and two enantiomorphic elements 29 of the previous two 28.

La figure 9 montre un cube constitué de quatre éléments 32 et de quatre éléments 33.Figure 9 shows a cube made up of four elements 32 and four elements 33.

La construction toroïdale représentée en figure 10 est constituée de huit éléments 21 énantiomorphes des éléments 30, chaque élément 21 étant assemblé en ligne droite avec l'un 21' de ses deux partenaires et à angle droit avec l'autre 21" comme sur les figures 3b et 3c.The toroidal construction shown in FIG. 10 consists of eight enantiomorphic elements 21 of the elements 30, each element 21 being assembled in a straight line with one 21 'of its two partners and at right angles to the other 21 "as in the figures 3b and 3c.

Les figures 11 à 15 montrent des constructions périodiques, pouvant contenir leurs éléments constitutifs en nombres quelconques. Les figures 11 à 13 représentent des structures simplement périodiques, la figure 14 montre une structure doublement périodique composée d'éléments 37 constitués par deux modules symétriques et par un module droit, et la figure 15 représente une structure triplement périodique composée d'éléments 38 constitués par quatre modules symétriques. Les structures des figures 11 et 12 présentent la particularité de ne pouvoir être construites ou démontées que par l'adjonction ou le retrait d'un seul élément à la fois aux extrémités, chaque élément ajouté bloquant le précédent comme chaque maille ajoutée à un tricot empêche la précédente de se démailler. La figure 13 montre une structure analogue aux extrémités de laquelle les éléments 36 dont elle est composée-peuvent être ajoutés par paires 36, 36', chaque paire 36, 36' ajoutée bloquant la paire précédente 36", 36''' et assurant, de proche en proche, une parfaite cohésion à la construction.Figures 11 to 15 show periodic constructions, which may contain their constituent elements in any number. FIGS. 11 to 13 represent simply periodic structures, FIG. 14 shows a doubly periodic structure composed of elements 37 constituted by two symmetrical modules and by a straight module, and FIG. 15 represents a triple periodic structure composed of elements 38 constituted by four symmetrical modules. The structures of FIGS. 11 and 12 have the particularity of being able to be constructed or dismantled only by adding or removing one element at a time at the ends, each added element blocking the previous one as each mesh added to a knitted fabric prevents the previous one to unravel. FIG. 13 shows a similar structure at the ends of which the elements 36 of which it is composed can be added in pairs 36, 36 ', each pair 36, 36' added blocking the previous pair 36 ", 36" "and ensuring, step by step, perfect cohesion to the construction.

La structure de la figure llb est constituée d'éléments 35 dont un exemplaire isolé est représenté en figure lla, assemblés à angle droit. La construction ainsi obtenue possède une symétrie hélicoïdale d'ordre 4.The structure of FIG. 11b consists of elements 35, an isolated copy of which is shown in FIG. 11a, assembled at right angles. Construction thus obtained has a 4th order helical symmetry.

La structure représentée à la figure 12 est constituée d'éléments 21 assemblés à angle droit comme sur la figure 3c et présente une symétrie hélicoïdale d'ordre 3. Par sa forme, cette construction constitue également un élément selon l'invention.The structure shown in Figure 12 consists of elements 21 assembled at right angles as in Figure 3c and has a helical symmetry of order 3. By its shape, this construction also constitutes an element according to the invention.

Les figures 16 à 21 montrent, à titre d'exemples, d'autres modes de réalisation de l'invention.Figures 16 to 21 show, by way of examples, other embodiments of the invention.

La figure 16 montre des éléments constitués de deux modules symétriques.Figure 16 shows elements made up of two symmetrical modules.

La figure 17 montre des éléments constitués d'un module droit et d'un module symétrique.Figure 17 shows elements consisting of a straight module and a symmetrical module.

La figure 18 montre des éléments constitués de deux modules droits.Figure 18 shows elements made up of two straight modules.

La figure 19 montre des éléments constitués d'un module gauche et d'un module droit.Figure 19 shows elements consisting of a left module and a right module.

La figure 20 montre des éléments constitués de trois modules.Figure 20 shows elements made up of three modules.

La figure 21 montre des éléments constitués de quatre-modules.Figure 21 shows elements made up of four modules.

_ La figure 22 montre des exemples d'éléments comportant des parties mobiles en translation par glissement desdites parties les unes sur les autres. Deux parties mobiles adjacentes d'un tel élément sont liées au moyen d'un rail 40 solidaire de l'une desdites parties et d'une glissière 41 pratiquée dans l'autre. Dans les éléments représentés, l'amplitude du mouvement de translation de deux parties adjacentes est sensiblement égale à la moitié de la longueur de l'arête du cube formé par l'assemblage de deux modules. Il est à noter que de telles translations transforment ces éléments en d'autres éléments conformes à l'invention._ Figure 22 shows examples of elements comprising parts movable in translation by sliding of said parts one on the other. Two adjacent movable parts of such an element are linked by means of a rail 40 integral with one of said parts and with a slide 41 made in the other. In the elements shown, the amplitude of the translational movement of two adjacent parts is substantially equal to half the length of the edge of the cube formed by the assembly of two modules. It should be noted that such translations transform these elements into other elements in accordance with the invention.

La figure 23 montre une partie d'un élément comportant une glissière en T terminée à une extrémité par une butée 42 constituée par le corps de ladite partie. L'autre extrémité est fermée par un couvercle 43,qui s'emboîte en ceinturant le corps de la glissière. Le couvercle comporte une entretoise 44 dans le but d'augmenter la résistance à l'écrasement du corps de la glissière.Figure 23 shows part of an element comprising a T-shaped slide terminated at one end by a stop 42 formed by the body of said part. The other end is closed by a cover 43, which fits around the body of the slide. The cover includes a spacer 44 in order to increase the resistance to crushing of the body of the slide.

La figure 24 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un ensemble rail-glissière à profil en T. Le rail est constitué d'un matériau élastique et fendu longitudinalement sur toute sa longueur en deux parties 45, 45' qui ont tendance à s'écarter l'une de l'autre et sont appliquées de ce fait contre les parois latérales 46, 46' de la glissière. Le frottement qui résulte de ce contact évite le glissement spontané du rail dans la glissière. Un sabot 47 à la base du rail empêche les mouvements latéraux dé ce dernier dans la glissière.Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view of a rail-slide assembly with a T-profile. The rail is made of an elastic material and split longitudinally over its entire length into two parts 45, 45 'which tend to s' move away from each other and are therefore applied against the side walls 46, 46 'of the slide. The friction that results from this contact prevents spontaneous sliding of the rail in the slide. A shoe 47 at the base of the rail prevents lateral movements of the latter in the slide.

La figure 25 montre un cube constitué de quatre éléments 48, de deux éléments 21 et de deux éléments 30 dont l'un 30' comporte une partie mobile 49, l'assemblage dudit cube n'étant pas possible au moyen de ces mêmes éléments s'ils sont tous monolithiques et indéformables. L'élément 30' peut être extrait de la construction en le tirant vers la droite après avoir actionné sa partie mobile 49 dans le sens de la flèche.FIG. 25 shows a cube made up of four elements 48, two elements 21 and two elements 30, one of which 30 ′ comprises a movable part 49, the assembly of said cube not being possible by means of these same elements s 'They are all monolithic and undeformable. The element 30 ′ can be removed from the construction by pulling it to the right after having actuated its movable part 49 in the direction of the arrow.

Les figures 26a, 26b et 26c montrent à titre d'exemple un élément 27 extensible constitué d'un module gauche L et d'un module droit R réunis par une tige 50 contenue dans lesdits modules et le long de laquelle l'un au moins des modules peut glisser en s'éloignant de l'autre jusqu'à une position extrême d'étirement maximum de l'élément. La figure 26a montre l'élément 27 dans son état contracté où les modules gauche et droit qui le constituent sont jointifs. Les figures 26b et 26c montrent le même élément dans deux états étirés. La longueur de l'élément étiré au maximum est supérieure à sa longueur dans l'état contracté d'une quantité au moins égale à la longueur de l'arête d'un petit cube. Dans la figure 26c, l'étirement est sensiblement égal ou légèrement supérieur au double de l'arête d'un petit cube.FIGS. 26a, 26b and 26c show by way of example an extendable element 27 consisting of a left module L and a right module R joined by a rod 50 contained in said modules and along which at least one modules can slide away from each other to an extreme position of maximum stretch of the element. Figure 26a shows the element 27 in its contracted state where the left and right modules which constitute it are joined. Figures 26b and 26c show the same element in two stretched states. The length of the maximum stretched element is greater than its length in the contracted state by an amount at least equal to the length of the edge of a small cube. In Figure 26c, the stretch is substantially equal to or slightly greater than twice the edge of a small cube.

Les figures 27a, 27b, 27c et 27d montrent, à titre d'exemple, un élément 30 constitué de deux modules droits pouvant tourner l'un par rapport à l'autre autour de leur axe de liaison D. L'élément comporte, de préférence, un dispositif permettant de le bloquer dans chacune des quatre conformations particulières 30, 51, 52 et 53 représentées par les figures 27a à 27d.FIGS. 27a, 27b, 27c and 27d show, by way of example, an element 30 consisting of two straight modules which can rotate relative to each other about their connecting axis D. The element comprises, of preferably, a device making it possible to block it in each of the four particular conformations 30, 51, 52 and 53 shown in FIGS. 27a to 27d.

Les figures 28, 29 et 30 sont relatives à un dispositif pour la réalisation d'éléments extensibles dont les deux parties réunies par ledit dispositif peuvent de plus pivoter autour de leur axe de liaison et être bloquées dans quatre orientations relatives différentes.Figures 28, 29 and 30 relate to a device for producing expandable elements, the two parts joined by said device can also pivot about their connecting axis and be locked in four different relative orientations.

La figure 28 est une vue en coupe d'un élément constitué, par exemple, d'un module gauche L et d'un module droit R réunis par une extrémité et comportant un tel dispositif. Le module gauche est traversé par un alésage comportant un épaulement 54 à l'extrémité dudit module en contact avec le module droit. La liaison entre les deux modules est réalisée au moyen d'une vis 50 à tête carrée sur laquelle sont enfilés une rondelle de guidage 55 et un ressort 56 avant que ladite vis ne soit introduite dans l'alésage du module gauche et vissée dans le module droit. L'alésage est obturé au moyen d'un couvercle circulaire 57 comportant sur sa face intérieure une dépression carrée 58 adaptée à la forme de la tête 59 de la vis et coiffant ladite tête lorsque les deux modules sont jointifs. Grâce à sa forme circulaire, le couvercle peut être mis en place quelle que soit l'orientation de la tête de la vis une fois que celle-ci a été vissée à fond dans le module droit et que le module gauche a été mis dans l'orientation voulue. La figure 29 est une vue en enfilade du couvercle, de la vis et de la rondelle de guidage. Une fine rondelle 60 placée entre le ressort 56 et l'épaulement 54 formant le fond de l'alésage évite l'usure dudit épaulement par l'extrémité du ressort. La longueur au repos du ressort est de préférence choisie la plus grande possible, de façon à ce que ledit ressort applique les deux modules l'un contre l'autre avec une force différant le moins possible de la force qui est nécessaire pour maintenir lesdits modules dans leur position d'éloignement maximum.Figure 28 is a sectional view of an element consisting, for example, of a left module L and a right module R joined by one end and comprising such a device. The left module is traversed by a bore comprising a shoulder 54 at the end of said module in contact with the right module. The connection between the two modules is carried out by means of a square head screw 50 on which are threaded a guide washer 55 and a spring 56 before said screw is introduced into the bore of the left module and screwed into the module law. The bore is closed by means of a circular cover 57 having on its inner face a square depression 58 adapted to the shape of the head 59 of the screw and covering said head when the two modules are joined. Thanks to its circular shape, the cover can be put in place whatever the orientation of the screw head once it has been fully screwed into the right module and the left module has been put into the desired orientation. Figure 29 is a row view of the cover, the screw and the guide washer. A fine washer 60 placed between the spring 56 and the shoulder 54 forming the bottom of the bore prevents wear of said shoulder by the end of the spring. The length at rest of the spring is preferably chosen to be as large as possible, so that said spring applies the two modules against each other with a force differing as little as possible from the force which is necessary to hold said modules in their position of maximum distance.

La figure 30 est une vue en coupe du même élément réalisé selon une variante du dispositif précédent dans le but de permettre une amplitude de translation de ses modules constitutifs au moins égale au double de l'arête d'un petit cube. Ce dispositif est caractérisé en ce que chacune des deux parties R, L ainsi assemblées est traversée par un alésage contenant un ressort 56, 56'. La liaison entre lesdites parties est réalisée au moyen d'une tige.50 comportant à l'une de ses extrémités une tête cylindrique 61 et à l'autre extrémité une gorge circulaire dans laquelle est enchâssé un anneau ouvert 62 sur lequel prend appui une rondelle de guidage 55. Dans l'une L, des parties réunies par le présent dispositif, le ressort 56 prend appui d'un côté sur le fond 54 de l'alésage et de l'autre sur la rondelle de guidage 55. Dans l'autre partie R, le ressort 56' prend appui d'un côté sur le fond 54' de l'alésage et de l'autre sur la tête 61 de la tige. Le blocage en rotation des deux parties R,L est assuré par une plaquette carrée 63 enfilée sur la tige entre lesdites parties qui comportent, sur les faces en regard l'une de l'autre, une dépression carrée 64, 64' d'une profondeur sensiblement égale à la moitié de l'épaisseur de la plaquette. La plaquette peut être solidaire de l'une des parties.Figure 30 is a sectional view of the same element produced according to a variant of the previous device in order to allow an amplitude of translation of its constituent modules at least equal to twice the edge of a small cube. This device is characterized in that each of the two parts R, L thus assembled is traversed by a bore containing a spring 56, 56 '. The connection between said parts is achieved by means of a rod. 50 comprising at one of its ends a cylindrical head 61 and at the other end a circular groove in which is embedded an open ring 62 on which a washer rests. guide 55. In one L, of the parts joined by this device, the spring 56 bears on one side on the bottom 54 of the bore and on the other on the guide washer 55. In the another part R, the spring 56 'bears on one side on the bottom 54' of the bore and on the other on the head 61 of the rod. Locking in rotation of the two parts R, L is provided by a square plate 63 threaded on the rod between said parts which comprise, on the faces opposite one another, a square depression 64, 64 ′ of a depth substantially equal to half of the thickness of the wafer. The plate can be secured to one of the parts.

La liaison entre les modules peut également être réalisée au moyen d'un manchon élastique précontraint, par exemple en caoutchouc.The connection between the modules can also be carried out by means of a pre-stressed elastic sleeve, for example made of rubber.

La figure 31 est une vue en perspective du corps d'un module droit pour la réalisation d'éléments selon les dispositifs décrits ci-avant.Figure 31 is a perspective view of the body of a straight module for the production of elements according to the devices described above.

La figure 32a montre une construction constituée de trois éléments 65, 65', 65" . L'assemblage n'est pas possible au moyen de trois éléments monolithiques et indéformables, mais peut être réalisé si l'un 65 desdits éléments est étirable d'une quantité au moins égale à l'arête d'un petit cube, comme cela est visible sur la figure 32b.Figure 32a shows a construction made up of three elements 65, 65 ', 65 ". The assembly is not possible by means of three monolithic and non-deformable elements, but can be carried out if one of said elements is stretchable of an amount at least equal to the edge of a small cube, as can be seen in Figure 32b.

La figure 33a montre un assemblage de trois éléments 52, 52', 52" conformes à l'invention constitués de deux modules droits réunis de façon à pouvoir pivoter autour de leur axe de liaison D et se trouvant dans la conformation représentée à la figure 27c. Les phases du démontage (et, en sens inverse, du montage) sont illustrées par les figures 33b et 33c. Dans un premier temps (figure 33b), l'élément 52 disposé verticalement est placé dans la conformation 30 représentée à la figure 27a. Pour que l'élément 52', disposé horizontalement et d'avant en arrière, puisse être extrait vers le haut, il suffit alors (voir figure 33c) de le placer dans la conformation 53 représentée à la figure 27d. Afin que les rotations puissent être effectuées aisément, il est préférable que les éléments 52, 52', 52" employés pour la réalisation de la présente construction soient extensibles dans la direction de leur axe de rotation et/ou que leurs arêtes soient arrondies.FIG. 33a shows an assembly of three elements 52, 52 ′, 52 "according to the invention made up of two straight modules joined together so as to be able to pivot around their connecting axis D and being in the configuration shown in FIG. 27c The phases of disassembly (and, conversely, of assembly) are illustrated by FIGS. 33b and 33c. Firstly (FIG. 33b), the element 52 arranged vertically is placed in the conformation 30 shown in FIG. 27a So that the element 52 ′, arranged horizontally and from front to rear, can be extracted upwards, it suffices then (see FIG. 33c) to place it in the conformation 53 shown in FIG. 27d. may be carried out easily, it is preferable that the elements 52, 52 ′, 52 ″ used for the production of the present construction are extensible in the direction of their axis of rotation and / or that their edges are rounded.

Des cas d'empêchements stériques du type de ceux illustrés par les figures 32a-32b peuvent également être résolus au moyen d'éléments constitués d'une matière suffisamment souple telle que le caoutchouc ou le néoprène pour qu'ils puissent être étirés d'une quantité au moins égale à la longueur de l'arête d'un petit cube. Une section circulaire ou proche d'un cercle de tels éléments permettra ou facilitera la résolution, par torsion de ces éléments, de cas d'empêchements stériques tels que ceux des figures 33a à 33c.Cases of steric hindrance of the type illustrated in FIGS. 32a-32b can also be resolved by means of elements made of a sufficiently flexible material such as rubber or neoprene so that they can be stretched with a quantity at least equal to the length of the edge of a small cube. A circular section or close to a circle of such elements will allow or facilitate the resolution, by twisting of these elements, of cases of steric impediments such as those of FIGS. 33a to 33c.

Il va de soi qu'un élément ou module quelconque conforme à l'invention peut être composé de plus de deux parties séparables ou mobiles en translation et/ou en rotation les unes par rapport aux autres.It goes without saying that any element or module in accordance with the invention may be composed of more than two separable or movable parts in translation and / or in rotation with respect to each other.

La description ci-après est relative à des modules et à des éléments susceptibles d'être liés les uns aux autres par des forces d'origine magnétique.The description below relates to modules and elements capable of being linked to each other by forces of magnetic origin.

Un élément ou module magnétique est caractérisé en ce qu''il comporte au moins deux pôles magnétiques.A magnetic element or module is characterized in that it comprises at least two magnetic poles.

La figure 34 montre une configuration polaire préférée d'un module magnétique droit R, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte quatre pôles +, - disposés dans les deux rectangles 13 qui forment une partie de la surface dite interne dudit module. Chaque rectangle 13 comporte deux pôles opposés +, - disposés symétriquement par rapport à la droite 66 qui divise ledit rectangle en deux carrés, les deux pôles + qui se trouvent près des extrémités 17 du module étant de même signe.FIG. 34 shows a preferred polar configuration of a straight magnetic module R, characterized in that it comprises four poles +, - arranged in the two rectangles 13 which form part of the so-called internal surface of said module. Each rectangle 13 has two opposite poles +, - arranged symmetrically with respect to the straight line 66 which divides said rectangle into two squares, the two + poles which are located near the ends 17 of the module having the same sign.

La figure 35 montre une autre configuration polaire d'un module magnétique droit R, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte quatre pôles +, - disposés dans les carrés 14 constituant l'autre partie de la surface interne dudit module. Chacun des deux carrés 14 comporte deux pôles opposés disposés symétriquement de part et d'autre de la diagonale dudit carré qui est dans le prolongement de la diagonale de l'autre. Les pôles sont distribués dans les carrés de telle sorte que deux pôles de même signe se trouvent du même côté de la droite 67 définie par lesdites diagonales.FIG. 35 shows another polar configuration of a straight magnetic module R, characterized in that it comprises four poles +, - arranged in the squares 14 constituting the other part of the internal surface of said module. Each of the two squares 14 has two opposite poles arranged symmetrically on either side of the diagonal of said square which is an extension of the diagonal of the other. The poles are distributed in the squares so that two poles of the same sign are on the same side of the straight line 67 defined by said diagonals.

Les figures 36 et 37 montrent deux configurations polaires d'un module magnétique symétrique S. Tels qu'ils sont représentés sur lesdites figures, ces modules comportent une paire de pôles opposés +, - dans chacun des six carrés 15, 15' constituant la surface dite interne desdits modules. Les pôles +, - d'un même carré 15, 15' sont disposés symétriquement de part et d'autre de la diagonale, dudit carré, dont une extrémité est confondue avec le centre du cube formé par la réunion selon le procédé de l'invention de deux modules. La configuration représentée à la figure 36 est caractérisée en ce que les deux pôles +, - disposés près d'une même arête saillante>68 ou rentrante 69 définie par deux carrés adjacents 15, 15t quelconques sont de signé opposé. La configuration représentée à la figure 37 est caractérisée en ce que les deux pôles disposés près d'une même arête 68, 69 sont de même signe. Des configurations à six pôles peuvent être déduites des deux précédentes par suppression des deux pôles +, - d'un carré 15 ou 15' sur deux.Figures 36 and 37 show two polar configurations of a symmetrical magnetic module S. As shown in said figures, these modules have a pair of opposite poles +, - in each of the six squares 15, 15 'constituting the surface said internal of said modules. The poles +, - of the same square 15, 15 'are arranged symmetrically on either side of the diagonal, of said square, one end of which merges with the center of the cube formed by the union according to the process of invention of two modules. The configuration shown in Figure 36 is characterized in that the two poles +, - arranged near the same projecting edge> 68 or reentrant 69 defined by two adjacent squares 15, 15 t any are of opposite sign. The configuration shown in Figure 37 is characterized in that the two poles arranged near the same edge 68, 69 are of the same sign. Six-pole configurations can be deduced from the previous two by deleting the two +, - poles from a 15 or 15 'square on two.

Un élément magnétique quelconque comporte, de préférence au moins un module magnétique tel que défini ci-avant. Un tel élément ou un module magnétique peut, par exemple, être réalisé en une matière chargée d'une poudre ferromagnétique convenablement polarisée.Any magnetic element preferably comprises at least one magnetic module as defined above. Such an element or a magnetic module can, for example, be made of a material loaded with a suitably polarized ferromagnetic powder.

Un autre moyen de liaison, mécanique, consiste à remplacer, dans les configurations polaires des figures 34 à 37 et celles qui peuvent en être dérivées, tous les pôles d'un même signe par de petites protubérances par exemple hémisphériques, les pôles de l'autre signe étant remplacés par des dépressions adaptées à la forme des protubérances. Lors de l'assemblage de tels modules ou éléments conformément au procédé de l'invention, chaque protubérance de chacun desdits modules ou éléments s'emboîte dans la dépression correspondante de l'autre élément ou module grâce à une légère déformation élastique desdits modules ou éléments.Another mechanical means of connection consists in replacing, in the polar configurations of FIGS. 34 to 37 and those which can be derived therefrom, all the poles of the same sign by small protuberances, for example hemispherical, the poles of the other sign being replaced by depressions adapted to the shape of the protrusions. When assembling such modules or elements in accordance with the method of the invention, each protuberance of each of said modules or elements fits into the corresponding depression of the other element or module thanks to a slight elastic deformation of said modules or elements .

Les figures 38 et 39 montrent, avec des courbures fortement exagérées, deux modes de réalisation d'un élément 27 fonctionnant par coincement. Lorsqu'un tel élément 27 est complété conformément au procédé de l'invention par un module gauche et un module droit, ses deux branches 70, 71 sont écartées élastiquement par lesdits modules et maintiennent ces derniers par la pression qu'elles exercent sur eux. Afin qu'ils puissent être facilement assemblés, les éléments fonctionnant par coincement et les éléments destinés à coopérer avec eux ont de préférence des arêtes arrondies. Beaucoup d'autres éléments n'entrant pas dans le cadre de ces__définitions peuvent également fonctionner par coincement, comme par exemple les éléments 51, 53 des figures 27b et 27d, les éléments 74 de la figure 17, les éléments 32, 33, 77, 78, 28, 31 de la figure 18 et les éléments 80, 48, de la figure 19.Figures 38 and 39 show, with strongly exaggerated curvatures, two embodiments of an element 27 operating by wedging. When such an element 27 is completed in accordance with the method of the invention by a left module and a right module, its two branches 70, 71 are spaced apart elastically by said modules and hold the latter by the pressure they exert on them. So that they can be easily assembled, the elements operating by wedging and the elements intended to cooperate with them preferably have rounded edges. Many other elements which do not fall within the scope of these definitions can also operate by wedging, such as for example the elements 51, 53 of FIGS. 27b and 27d, the elements 74 of FIG. 17, the elements 32, 33, 77, 78, 28, 31 of FIG. 18 and the elements 80, 48, of FIG. 19.

Les figures 40 à 50 représentent des variantes de réalisation des éléments conformes à l'invention, dans lesquelles, les différents modules présentent des sections octogonales (figures 40 à 42), arrondies (figures 43 et 44) ou cruciformes (figures 45 à 50). De tels modes de réalisation permettent de rendre la manipulation plus agréable et le fonctionnement plus doux, tout en conférant aux éléments un caractère original et esthétique. En outre, ces modes de réalisation permettent également de fabriquer aisément les éléments par moulage en diminuant les déformations dues au retrait, et un gain de matière première.FIGS. 40 to 50 represent alternative embodiments of the elements according to the invention, in which the different modules have octagonal (Figures 40 to 42), rounded (Figures 43 and 44) or cruciform (Figures 45 to 50) sections. Such embodiments make the handling more pleasant and the operation smoother, while giving the elements an original and aesthetic character. In addition, these embodiments also make it possible to easily manufacture the elements by molding by reducing the deformations due to shrinkage, and a gain in raw material.

Les figures 51 et 52 représentent un élément 127 constitué par un module droit R et par un module gauche L et comportant des protubérances en forme de bourrelets 101, 102 et de dépressions en forme de gorges 103, 104 complémentaires, lesdits bourrelets et lesdites gorges étant disposés de manière à ce que, lorsque deux tels modules R ou L coopèrent pour constituer un cube, les bourrelets 101 et 102 de l'un viennent se loger dans les gorges 103 et 104 de l'autre, et ceci dans les deux orientations relatives dans lesquelles lesdits modules R ou L peuvent être assemblés pour constituer un cube. Lorsque l'élément 127 représenté par les figures est complété par un module droit R et un module gauche L comportant de tels systèmes de protubérances et de dépressions, lesdits modules R et L ou les éléments comportant lesdits modules sont maintenus grâce auxdites protubérances et dépressions. Les bourrelets 101 et les gorges 103, ou les bourrelets 102 et les gorges l04 peuvent être supprimés. La forme et la disposition des protubérances et des dépressions peuvent être variées.FIGS. 51 and 52 represent an element 127 constituted by a right module R and by a left module L and comprising protuberances in the form of beads 101, 102 and of depressions in the form of grooves 103, 104 complementary, said beads and said grooves being arranged so that, when two such R or L modules cooperate to form a cube, the beads 101 and 102 of one are housed in the grooves 103 and 104 of the other, and this in the two relative orientations in which said R or L modules can be assembled to form a cube. When the element 127 shown in the figures is completed by a right module R and a left module L comprising such protuberances and depressions systems, said modules R and L or the elements comprising said modules are maintained by said protuberances and depressions. The beads 101 and the grooves 103, or the beads 102 and the grooves 104 can be omitted. The shape and arrangement of the protrusions and depressions can be varied.

Des dispositions analogues de protubérances et de dépressions sont également applicables à des modules symétriques S et à des éléments comprenant de tels modules, la configuration desdits systèmes étant conçue de telle manière que les protubérances d'un tel module s'adaptent aux dépressions d'un module identique dans les trois orientations relatives dans lesquelles lesdits modules peuvent être assemblés pour former un cube. Des configurations convenables se déduisent aisément des configurations polaires indiquées notamment dans les figures 36 et 37.Similar provisions of protrusions and depressions are also applicable to symmetrical modules S and to elements comprising such modules, the configuration of said systems being designed in such a way that the protuberances of such a module adapt to the depressions of an identical module in the three relative orientations in which said modules can be assembled to form a cube. Suitable configurations are easily deduced from the polar configurations indicated in particular in FIGS. 36 and 37.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés aux dessins annexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments, ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible, in particular from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements, or by substitution of technical equivalents, without thereby departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (12)

1. Eléments de construction sous forme de modules d'assemblage (R-L-S) susceptibles de coopérer avec au moins un.tel module d'assemblage (R-L-S), cesdits modules (R-L-S) s'adaptant mutuellement de manière à former un cube, caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont constitués chacun par deux ou trois modules.1. Construction elements in the form of assembly modules (RLS) capable of cooperating with at least one assembly module (RLS), these said modules (RLS) adapting to each other so as to form a cube, characterized by what they each consist of two or three modules. 2. Eléments de construction, suivant la revendication 1, caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont constitués chacun par au moins quatre modules (R-L-S) ne formant pas un cycle fermé.2. Construction elements according to claim 1, characterized in that they each consist of at least four modules (R-L-S) not forming a closed cycle. 3. Eléments de construction, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisés en ce qu'au moins deux modules d'assemblage (R-L-S) sont réunis par une extrémité (17, 18).3. Construction elements according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at least two assembly modules (R-L-S) are joined by one end (17, 18). 4. Eléments de construction, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisés en ce que les cubes obtenus en complétant les modules (R-L-S) par des modules identiques ou de même nature constituent deux à deux des parallélépipèdes rectangles.4. Construction elements according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cubes obtained by completing the modules (R-L-S) by identical modules or of the same kind constitute two by two of the rectangular parallelepipeds. 5. Eléments de construction, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisés en ce qu'ils comportent au moins deux parties pouvant glisser l'une sur l'autre, réunies de préférence au moyen d'un rail (40) et d'une glissière (41), lesdites parties étant éventuellement séparables.5. Construction elements according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they comprise at least two parts which can slide one over the other, preferably joined by means of a rail (40) and a slide (41), said parts being optionally separable. 6. Eléments de construction suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisés en ce qu'ils comportent au moins deux parties pouvant tourner l'une par rapport à l'autre autour d'un axe (D) ou glisser le long dudit axe en s'éloignant l'une de l'autre ou effectuer chacun de ces deux mouvements, lesdites parties étant réunies, par exemple, au moyen d'une vis ou d'une tige (50) ou d'un manchon élastique précontraint, par exemple en caoutchouc.6. Construction elements according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they comprise at least two parts which can rotate relative to each other about an axis (D) or slide along of said axis moving away from each other or performing each of these two movements, said parts being joined, for example, by means of a screw or a rod (50) or of a pre-stressed elastic sleeve , for example rubber. 7. Eléments de construction suivant la revendication 6, caractérisés en ce qu'ils comportent un moyen permettant de bloquer lesdites parties dans au moins une orientation, ou un moyen permettant de maintenir lesdites parties l'une contre l'autre, ou simultanément deux tels moyens.7. Construction elements according to claim 6, characterized in that they comprise a means making it possible to block said parts in at least one orientation, or a means making it possible to hold said parts one against the other, or simultaneously two such means. 8. Eléments de construction suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont constitués par un matériau susceptible d'importantes déformations élastiques tel que le caoutchouc ou le néoprène ou tout autre élastomère naturel ou de synthèse.8. Construction elements according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they consist of a material capable of significant elastic deformation such as rubber or neoprene or any other natural or synthetic elastomer. 9. Eléments de construction, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisés en ce qu'ils'comportent au moins quatre pôles (+, -) disposés de façon à ce que danschacune des orientations selon lesquelles un module (R-L-S) d'un élément est susceptible de coopérer avec un module identique isolé ou d'un autre élément pour constituer un cube ou un volume inscriptible dans un cube, chaque pôle de l'un coïncide avec un pôle opposé de l'autre.9. Construction elements according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they ' comprise at least four poles (+, -) arranged so that in each of the orientations according to which a module (RLS) of an element is likely to cooperate with an identical isolated module or of another element to constitute a cube or a volume writable in a cube, each pole of one coincides with an opposite pole of the other. 10. Eléments de construction, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisés en ce qu'ils comportent au moins deux branches (70, 71) formant par exemple un U et qui ont tendance à comprimer au moins l'un des éléments ou modules avec lesquels il coopère.10. Construction elements according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they comprise at least two branches (70, 71) forming for example a U and which tend to compress at least one of the elements or modules with which it cooperates. 11. Eléments de construction, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont munis de protubérances en forme de bourrelets (101, 102) et de dépressions en forme de gorges (103, 104) complémentaires, lesdits bourrelets et lesdites gorges étant disposés de manière à ce que, lorsque deux tels modules (R ou L) coopèrent pour constituer un cube, les bourrelets (101 et 102) de l'un viennent se loger dans les gorges (103 et 104) de l'autre, et ceci dans les deux orientations relatives dans lesquelles lesdits modules (R ou L) peuvent être assemblés pour constituer un cube.11. Construction elements according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they are provided with protuberances in the form of beads (101, 102) and depressions in the form of grooves (103, 104) complementary, said beads and said grooves being arranged so that, when two such modules (R or L) cooperate to form a cube, the beads (101 and 102) of one are received in the grooves (103 and 104) on the other, and this in the two relative orientations in which said modules (R or L) can be assembled to form a cube. 12. Eléments de construction, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisés en ce que les différents modules présentent des sections octogonales, arrondies ou cruciformes.12. Construction elements according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the different modules have octagonal, rounded or cruciform sections.
EP83440057A 1982-11-24 1983-11-24 Construction elements Expired EP0110800B1 (en)

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AT83440057T ATE41316T1 (en) 1982-11-24 1983-11-24 COMPONENT SET.

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FR8219832A FR2536295B1 (en) 1982-11-24 1982-11-24 CONSTRUCTION METHOD, CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD AND USE
FR8219832 1982-11-24

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EP0110800A1 true EP0110800A1 (en) 1984-06-13
EP0110800B1 EP0110800B1 (en) 1989-03-15

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DE (1) DE3379383D1 (en)
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WO2012119208A1 (en) 2011-03-04 2012-09-13 Smart, Naamloze Vennootschap Game pieces and a set of such game pieces

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DE29501622U1 (en) * 1995-02-02 1995-03-16 Berger Johann Game, gymnastics and / or sports equipment
RU2597532C1 (en) * 2015-03-17 2016-09-10 Виктор Ильич Бетчер Method of making 3d assembly manual puzzle

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WO2012119208A1 (en) 2011-03-04 2012-09-13 Smart, Naamloze Vennootschap Game pieces and a set of such game pieces
BE1019858A3 (en) * 2011-03-04 2013-01-08 Vandoren Rolf Game pieces and set of game pieces.
CN103501863A (en) * 2011-03-04 2014-01-08 智力股份有限公司 Game pieces and a set of such game pieces
CN103501863B (en) * 2011-03-04 2016-08-10 智力股份有限公司 Game piece and such game piece external member

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EP0110800B1 (en) 1989-03-15
FR2536295A1 (en) 1984-05-25
WO1984002083A1 (en) 1984-06-07
ATE41316T1 (en) 1989-04-15
FR2536295B1 (en) 1985-11-08
DE3379383D1 (en) 1989-04-20

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