EP0157090A2 - Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de pièces, au moyen d'un solvant volatil - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de pièces, au moyen d'un solvant volatil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0157090A2
EP0157090A2 EP85100612A EP85100612A EP0157090A2 EP 0157090 A2 EP0157090 A2 EP 0157090A2 EP 85100612 A EP85100612 A EP 85100612A EP 85100612 A EP85100612 A EP 85100612A EP 0157090 A2 EP0157090 A2 EP 0157090A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
drying gas
solvent
adsorbent
gas circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85100612A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0157090A3 (en
EP0157090B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Koblenzer
Peter Hösel
Franz Dipl.-Ing. Staudinger (Fh)
Klaus Franke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Duerr GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Duerr GmbH
Lpw Reinigungstechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, Duerr GmbH, Lpw Reinigungstechnik GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to AT85100612T priority Critical patent/ATE49720T1/de
Publication of EP0157090A2 publication Critical patent/EP0157090A2/fr
Publication of EP0157090A3 publication Critical patent/EP0157090A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0157090B1 publication Critical patent/EP0157090B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
    • C23G5/04—Apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning workpieces by means of a liquid solvent in a treatment chamber, in which the workpieces are dried in a closed drying room by a gas stream after cleaning, wherein at least a part of the drying gas in a drying gas circuit of a part of the in vapor form entrained solvent is freed by cooling in a condensation stage and returned to the closed space, and an adsorbent is also used to adsorb solvent vapor formed during drying.
  • the solvents in question are those that can be used to remove greasy, oily or similar contaminants.
  • the treatment chamber also serves as a drying space and is therefore integrated into the drying gas circuit, which has a condensation stage designed as a heat exchanger, a blower and also a heating device designed as a heat exchanger for heating the as Drying gas contains circulated air.
  • a return line for condensed solvent leads from the condensation stage to the treatment chamber.
  • this solvent spray nozzles are installed, which are part of a solvent cycle, ie the solvent is on Pulled off the bottom of the treatment chamber and conveyed back to the spray nozzles via a pump. Dirty solvent is drawn off from the solvent circuit and regenerated via a distillation device.
  • the treatment chamber still contains too much solvent vapor after completion of the drying, at least if the condensation stage is operated at temperatures that can be achieved on an industrial scale with economically reasonable costs (the trichlorethylene which is frequently used) For example, at -10 ° C it still has a saturation content of almost 100 g / m 3 ), the drying gas circuit is switched off in the known method after the workpieces have been dried and the treatment chamber is flushed with room air until the solvent concentration in the treatment chamber is below that maximum permitted workplace concentration; The ambient air sucked in from the environment and used to flush the treatment chamber is blown off through the roof, whereby it can be passed through a condensation stage or over activated carbon in order to remove most of the solvent vapor.
  • a disadvantage of the known system is not only the comparatively great structural outlay in the case of cleaning the A b air, but the room air sucked in from the environment for flushing the treatment canisters leads to a loss of heating energy in winter, and the system can only be used with Operate high effort emission-free, because, as already mentioned, by a condensation stage operated with reasonable effort there is insufficient removal of the solvent vapors from the ambient air used to purge the treatment chamber and an activated carbon adsorber has to be filled with fresh or regenerated activated carbon after a relatively short time. In the usual regeneration processes for activated carbon, water vapor is blown into it, which is then condensed in a condensation stage.
  • the invention had for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, which can be carried out with a simply constructed system that can be operated without exhaust air and, as a result, makes it possible to dispense with flushing the treatment chamber or the drying room with room air.
  • this object can be achieved in that Drying and desorption phase, the drying gas in the drying gas circuit after cooling and condensing part of the entrained solvent is passed over a heated adsorbent for the solvent vapor in order to remove desorbed solvent vapor desorbed from the heated adsorbent and to feed it to the condensation stage, and for further purification of the drying gas is passed in an adsorption phase in the drying gas circuit in a cool state over an adsorbent.
  • the problematic regeneration of the adsorbent with water vapor can thus be dispensed with, the construction of the apparatus is extremely simple and any adsorbent which is effective for the solvent used and which enables desorption, ie regeneration, at elevated temperatures can be used as the adsorbent.
  • the treatment chamber in which the workpieces are cleaned can also be used as a drying chamber in the method according to the invention.
  • Activated carbon is particularly recommended as an adsorbent, and for heating of the adsorbent for the purpose of desorption, a separate heating device could be provided for heating the adsorbent. .
  • a major advantage of the method according to the invention is that it can be carried out free of waste air and waste water.
  • the adsorbent for the desorption phase is not heated directly by a heating device, but rather by the drying gas which is heated behind the condensation stage. This not only means that the adsorbent heats up evenly , but also creates the conditions for the reuse of the condensation heat accumulating in the condensation stage by means of a heat pump for heating the drying gas.
  • the drying gas during the adsorption phase could flow through the drying circuit in the opposite direction to the flow direction during the drying and desorption phase, but it is more advantageous to choose the same flow direction for both phases, so that the drying gas from the condensation stage to the adsorber via the heating device switched on or off flows.
  • this is carried out in cycles, each of which comprises a cleaning phase, during which the workpieces are cleaned, a drying and desorption phase and an adsorption phase, and the workpieces are only in the closed space or the treatment chamber after completion of the Adsorption phase removed.
  • the invention also created a system for carrying out the above-described method, with one system starting from at least one closed treatment chamber for cleaning the workpieces with liquid solvent, a closed drying room for drying the cleaned workpieces, and a drying gas circuit containing the drying room, in which a cooler for the drying gas combined with a return line for condensed solvent is arranged, and has an adsorbent for the solvent that holds adsorbent; it is proposed according to the invention to place the adsorber and a heating device for heating the adsorbent between the cooler and drying space in the drying gas circuit.
  • a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention has a heat pump, via which the cooler and the heating device are coupled to one another.
  • the system according to FIG. 1 has a treatment chamber 10 with a door 12 for loading and unloading, this door should be designed in such a way that the treatment chamber can be closed gas-tight with it.
  • the latter contains a holder, not shown, for workpieces to be cleaned, only one workpiece 14 being shown in FIG. 1.
  • This is sprayed by means of spray tubes 16, which are held stationary or movable in the treatment chamber 10, with liquid solvent, which flows via an intermediate floor 18 and a valve 20 to an underlying collecting space 21, in which there is a filter 22, under which a line 24 flows into the Collection room 21 opens.
  • This distillation device is connected to the solvent circuit via valves 34 and 36, a line 38 and a pump 40.
  • a drying gas circuit designated as a whole by 42, is also connected to the treatment chamber 10.
  • This comprises a line 44 with valves 46 and 48 opening into the treatment chamber 10 with both ends, in which a fan 50, a condenser 52, a heating device 54 and an adsorber 56 are arranged one behind the other.
  • a bypass line 62 provided with a valve 58 is provided, via which the drying gas circuit can be operated with the valves 46 and 48 closed, bypassing the treatment chamber 10.
  • a return line 66 provided with a valve 64 leads from the condenser 52 to the treatment chamber 10 in order to be able to return the solvent condensed in the condenser 52 into the solvent circuit.
  • the adsorber 56 should be filled with activated carbon.
  • the pump 26 is switched off and, after the solvent has drained off, the valve 20 is closed, whereupon with the valves 46 and 48 open and the valve 58 closed, the fan 50, the refrigerant circuit and the condenser 52, not shown, is shown the heater 54 are turned on.
  • the air heated by the heater 54 is blown against the workpiece 14 and absorbs solvent vapor up to its saturation vapor pressure.
  • Most of the solvent vapor condenses in the condenser 52, whereupon the air passes through the heater 54 heated again and thus the relative solvent vapor content is reduced. This in turn heats the activated carbon contained in the absorber 56, which is desorbed by the air flowing through it and thus regenerated.
  • the solvent vapors released by the desorption in the absorber 56 are partially condensed in the condenser 52.
  • the entire system contains a solvent content, which is determined by the temperature in the condenser 52.
  • the drying air circulated by the fan 50 is largely freed from the solvent vapors still contained in it by the regenerated adsorber 56, the heating device 54 being switched off, but the condenser 52 continues to operate to cool the adsorber 56 and piping system;
  • the regenerated activated carbon contained in the adsorber 56 then adsorbs the remaining solvent vapors.
  • the fan 50 is switched off and the workpiece can be removed from the treatment chamber.
  • the workpiece can also be dried in a separate drying room, which is connected to the treatment chamber 10 via a lock and is switched into the drying gas circuit 42.
  • valves 46 and 48 are closed and opened the valve 58, so as to be able to circulate air through the fan 50, which is heated by the heating device 54 and thus regenerates the activated carbon of the adsorber 56, while the solvent vapors in the condenser 52 condense. After the cleaning process has ended, the regeneration of the adsorber 56 can then be continued during the drying phase.
  • FIG. 2 The same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 have been used in FIG. 2 insofar as the two systems are identical, so that it is only necessary in the following to explain the deviations of the system according to FIG. 2 from the first embodiment.
  • the system has a drying gas circuit 42 connected to a treatment chamber 10 with two branches 42a and 42b connected in parallel, which are connected to the treatment chamber 10 via a line 44 and valves 46, 48.
  • Each of the branches 42a, 42b comprises at its ends valves 70, 72 or 70 ', 72', between which in series in the flow direction of the drying gas a fan 50 or 50 ', a condenser 52 or 52', a heating device 54 or 54 'and an adsorber 56 or 56'.
  • lines 76 and 76 ' are provided, each of which contains a valve 78 and 78', respectively.
  • another treatment chamber 10 ' can also be switched into the drying gas circuit 42 via a line 44' and valves 46 ', 48' as long as the treatment chamber 10 is emptied and valves are loaded with new workpieces when the valves 46, 48 are closed.
  • first use branch 42a for the drying and desorption phase of several cleaning cycles, for whose adsorption phases the branch 42b is switched over and during which the adsorber 56 is regenerated by the regeneration circuit 74a. After a few cleaning cycles, drying is then carried out via the branch 42b and desorbed, adsorbed via the branch 42a, and at the same time the adsorber 56 'is regenerated via the regeneration circuit 74b.
  • a treatment chamber 100 is again in a drying gas circuit 102, which, starting from the treatment chamber, contains a fan 104, a condenser 106, a heating device 108, an additional electrical heating device 110 and an adsorber 112 in succession.
  • Liquid solvent accumulating in the condenser 106 can be returned via a return line 66 into a space below the treatment chamber 100 corresponding to the collecting space 21 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • a refrigerant circuit 114 is also provided, which contains the condenser 106 as the evaporator and the heating device 108 as the condenser.
  • a compressor 116 is provided in the refrigerant circuit 114 and behind it, in series for the refrigerant, an aftercooler 118, a collecting tank 120 and a throttle 122, which is located in front of the condenser 106 serving as an evaporator.
  • the aftercooler 118 is supplied with cooling water or cooling air via a coolant line 126; In the coolant line there is a valve 128, which is controlled in a temperature-dependent manner by means of a temperature sensor 130.
  • a temperature sensor 132 is provided in the refrigerant circuit 114 behind the condenser 106 serving as an evaporator in order to be able to control the throttle 122 as a function of the temperature.
  • a bypass line 142 provided with a valve 140 will.
  • a valve 144 is provided in the refrigerant circuit 114 in front of the condenser 108 for this purpose.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP85100612A 1984-03-31 1985-01-22 Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de pièces, au moyen d'un solvant volatil Expired - Lifetime EP0157090B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85100612T ATE49720T1 (de) 1984-03-31 1985-01-22 Verfahren sowie anlage zur reinigung von werkstuecken mittels eines fluessigen loesemittels.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3412007 1984-03-31
DE19843412007 DE3412007A1 (de) 1984-03-31 1984-03-31 Verfahren zur reinigung von werkstuecken mittels eines fluessigen loesemittels

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0157090A2 true EP0157090A2 (fr) 1985-10-09
EP0157090A3 EP0157090A3 (en) 1986-10-01
EP0157090B1 EP0157090B1 (fr) 1990-01-24

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EP85100612A Expired - Lifetime EP0157090B1 (fr) 1984-03-31 1985-01-22 Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de pièces, au moyen d'un solvant volatil

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4844743A (fr)
EP (1) EP0157090B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE49720T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3412007A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0289982A2 (fr) * 1987-05-07 1988-11-09 Höckh Metall-Reinigungs-Anlagen Gmbh Appareil pour sécher des objets dans des installations de nettoyage
EP0302280A2 (fr) * 1987-08-07 1989-02-08 BÖWE-PASSAT Reinigungs- und Wäschereitechnik GmbH Procédé et installation pour la récuperation de solvants gazeux d'un courant d'air
EP0381887A1 (fr) * 1989-01-30 1990-08-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Tiyoda Seisakusho Méthode et appareil pour le nettoyage à l'aide d'un solvant
WO1993017770A1 (fr) * 1992-03-06 1993-09-16 Baxter International Inc. Systeme de recuperation et de recyclage de solvant
US5346534A (en) * 1990-09-12 1994-09-13 Baxter International Inc. Process for treating an article with a volatile fluid
EP0778065A1 (fr) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-11 3 EFFE.GI S.r.l. Dispositif d'adsorption de solvants et récupération par condensation

Families Citing this family (29)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3609587C1 (de) * 1986-03-21 1986-12-04 BÖWE Reinigungstechnik GmbH, 8900 Augsburg Vorrichtung zur Rueckgewinnung von Loesemittelgasen
DE3714312A1 (de) * 1987-04-29 1988-11-10 Siemens Ag Verfahren und einrichtung zum reinigen von elektrischen geraeten mit einem isolieroel in einem behaelter
DE8813603U1 (fr) * 1988-10-29 1988-12-22 Weil, Peter, 8000 Muenchen, De
DE3930880A1 (de) * 1989-01-11 1990-07-12 Edmund Hirner Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen, insbesondere entfetten verschmutzter teile durch spuelen und/oder bespritzen
US5060396A (en) * 1989-08-17 1991-10-29 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Zoned cylindrical dryer
US5001845A (en) * 1989-08-17 1991-03-26 W. R. Grace & Co.,-Conn. Control system for an industrial dryer
DE3933111A1 (de) * 1989-10-04 1991-04-18 Peter Warthmann Verfahren und vorrichtung zum auffangen und rueckgewinnen von loesungsmitteln aus loesungsmittelhaltiger abluft
DE3935032C3 (de) * 1989-10-20 2000-08-24 Zinser Raimund Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen und Trocknen von Gegenständen
GB9027705D0 (en) * 1990-12-20 1991-02-13 Dow Europ Sa Method of controlling the solvent vapor concentration in a gas lock of an apparatus
US5277716A (en) * 1990-11-19 1994-01-11 The Dow Chemical Company Method of controlling the solvent vapor concentration in an apparatus
US5186758A (en) * 1991-08-09 1993-02-16 Robert Hartman Environmentally-friendly battery cleaning method
RU2036029C1 (ru) * 1991-09-10 1995-05-27 Научно-внедренческое предприятие "Эчтех" Способ очистки изделий от углеводородных загрязнений и устройство для его осуществления
US5355901A (en) * 1992-10-27 1994-10-18 Autoclave Engineers, Ltd. Apparatus for supercritical cleaning
DE4243820A1 (de) * 1992-12-23 1994-06-30 Glob Tec Industriemaschinen Gm Verfahren zum chargenweisen Reinigen von Teilen mittels eines Lösemittels in einer Arbeitskammer
DE4324432C2 (de) * 1993-07-21 1996-04-25 Multimatic Oberflaechentechnik Verfahren zur Reinigung verschmutzter Teile
DE4411163A1 (de) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-05 Kurt M Dr Ing Pohl Verfahren zur Behandlung von Teilen oder Komponenten durch Besprühen und/oder Überfluten mit einem Lösemittel
JP2759633B2 (ja) * 1995-09-06 1998-05-28 川崎重工業株式会社 ハニカムコアの接着前脱脂洗浄方法
US5769912A (en) * 1995-10-16 1998-06-23 Mansur Industries Inc. System and method of vapor recovery in industrial washing equipment
DE19640060C2 (de) * 1996-09-28 2000-01-27 Boewe Passat Reinigung Reinigungsverfahren in einer Textilreinigungsmaschine
FR2771662B1 (fr) * 1997-12-01 2000-01-28 Eurocopter France Poste manuel de degraissage
DE19809622A1 (de) * 1998-03-06 1999-09-09 Knaack & Jahn Gmbh Anlage für die Behandlung von Gegenständen in einer definierten Gasatmosphäre, deren O¶2¶-Gehalt kleiner als der von Luft ist und bei der umweltschädliche Behandlungsgase erzeugt werden
DE10038154A1 (de) * 2000-08-04 2002-03-07 Bernd Schlaich Systemlösung zur abwasserfreien Farbreinigung nach chemischem Verfahren
AU2007215384B2 (en) * 2006-02-14 2009-04-23 Wasabi (Holdings) Pty Ltd A parts washer
KR100962293B1 (ko) * 2009-07-17 2010-06-11 주식회사 일우텍 부품 세척기 및 세척 방법
US10421124B2 (en) * 2017-09-12 2019-09-24 Desktop Metal, Inc. Debinder for 3D printed objects
US11732652B2 (en) 2021-03-23 2023-08-22 General Electric Company Removing safety markers from a hydrogen fuel system
US11788474B2 (en) 2022-03-07 2023-10-17 General Electric Company Pericritical fluid systems for turbine engines
US11946378B2 (en) 2022-04-13 2024-04-02 General Electric Company Transient control of a thermal transport bus
US11927142B2 (en) 2022-07-25 2024-03-12 General Electric Company Systems and methods for controlling fuel coke formation

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US3079286A (en) * 1962-03-02 1963-02-26 Detrex Chem Ind Enclosed cold solvent spray cleaner
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GB2084613A (en) * 1980-08-21 1982-04-15 Ihringer Ernest Cleaning painted articles
GB2092620A (en) * 1981-02-10 1982-08-18 Autosonics Inc Vapour degreasing apparatus

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DE2523079B2 (de) * 1975-05-24 1977-04-07 Böwe Böhler & Weber KG Maschinenfabrik, 8900 Augsburg Vorrichtung zur adsorptiven entfernung von loesemitteldaempfen aus einem luftstrom
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JPS5524543A (en) * 1978-08-11 1980-02-21 Kuri Kagaku Sochi Kk Manufacture of concentrated and dried powder from solution or dispersion
JPS60178009A (ja) * 1984-02-25 1985-09-12 Color Toronitsuku Kk 合成樹脂乾燥用の高温除湿空気発生方法およびその装置

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US3079286A (en) * 1962-03-02 1963-02-26 Detrex Chem Ind Enclosed cold solvent spray cleaner
US3144872A (en) * 1963-08-16 1964-08-18 Detrex Chem Ind Trough-type solvent washer
US4101340A (en) * 1976-03-01 1978-07-18 Autosonics, Inc. Solvent spray cleaning system for minimizing solvent losses
GB2084613A (en) * 1980-08-21 1982-04-15 Ihringer Ernest Cleaning painted articles
GB2092620A (en) * 1981-02-10 1982-08-18 Autosonics Inc Vapour degreasing apparatus

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0289982A2 (fr) * 1987-05-07 1988-11-09 Höckh Metall-Reinigungs-Anlagen Gmbh Appareil pour sécher des objets dans des installations de nettoyage
EP0289982A3 (en) * 1987-05-07 1990-01-31 Hockh Metall-Reinigungs-Anlagen Gmbh Drying apparatus for objects in cleaning plants
EP0302280A2 (fr) * 1987-08-07 1989-02-08 BÖWE-PASSAT Reinigungs- und Wäschereitechnik GmbH Procédé et installation pour la récuperation de solvants gazeux d'un courant d'air
EP0302280A3 (fr) * 1987-08-07 1991-01-09 BÖWE-PASSAT Reinigungs- und Wäschereitechnik GmbH Procédé et installation pour la récuperation de solvants gazeux d'un courant d'air
EP0381887A1 (fr) * 1989-01-30 1990-08-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Tiyoda Seisakusho Méthode et appareil pour le nettoyage à l'aide d'un solvant
US5346534A (en) * 1990-09-12 1994-09-13 Baxter International Inc. Process for treating an article with a volatile fluid
WO1993017770A1 (fr) * 1992-03-06 1993-09-16 Baxter International Inc. Systeme de recuperation et de recyclage de solvant
EP0778065A1 (fr) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-11 3 EFFE.GI S.r.l. Dispositif d'adsorption de solvants et récupération par condensation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4844743A (en) 1989-07-04
DE3575524D1 (de) 1990-03-01
EP0157090A3 (en) 1986-10-01
EP0157090B1 (fr) 1990-01-24
DE3412007C2 (fr) 1987-02-26
ATE49720T1 (de) 1990-02-15
DE3412007A1 (de) 1985-10-10

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