EP0155927B1 - Installation de séchage de lignite à haute teneur en eau - Google Patents

Installation de séchage de lignite à haute teneur en eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155927B1
EP0155927B1 EP19850890039 EP85890039A EP0155927B1 EP 0155927 B1 EP0155927 B1 EP 0155927B1 EP 19850890039 EP19850890039 EP 19850890039 EP 85890039 A EP85890039 A EP 85890039A EP 0155927 B1 EP0155927 B1 EP 0155927B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
coal
waste water
pressure lock
autoclave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850890039
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0155927A3 (en
EP0155927A2 (fr
Inventor
Alois Dipl.-Ing. Janusch
Franz-Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Mayer
Gero Tessmer
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Voestalpine AG
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Voestalpine AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0155927A2 publication Critical patent/EP0155927A2/fr
Publication of EP0155927A3 publication Critical patent/EP0155927A3/de
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Publication of EP0155927B1 publication Critical patent/EP0155927B1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10F—DRYING OR WORKING-UP OF PEAT
    • C10F5/00—Drying or de-watering peat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
    • C10L2290/146—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
    • C10L2290/148—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/18—Spraying or sprinkling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/50—Screws or pistons for moving along solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C10L2290/546—Sieving for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drying plant for water-rich lignite, in which the coal to be dried is preheated, steamed under superatmospheric pressure and subsequently dried.
  • GB-A-2 067 731 describes a process for drying lignite in which the solid material is preheated and fed to at least one drying stage with saturated steam under excess pressure and elevated temperature.
  • a device for drying water-rich lignite is known, which comprises conveying devices, devices for over-brewing the coal, pressure locks, sieve arrangements within an autoclave and devices for removing the dry coal.
  • the first conveyor which is connected directly to a storage bunker for the coal to be dried and which is preferably designed as a vibrating channel, allows the coal to be showered directly in a simple manner for the purpose of preheating with hot waste water from the subsequent drying process. In this way, residual heat from the process is used and the wastewater load is reduced, since wastewater from the process is circulated.
  • the subsequent wet sieve advantageously serves for the separation of the residual fine grain fraction and the separation of adhering dust, with an additional preheating of the coal with residual steam from the waste water.
  • the subsequent conveyor which is preferably designed as a steep conveyor belt, allows the preheated raw lignite to be fed to a preheating device in an extremely space-saving manner without any appreciable loss of temperature, which according to the invention has a pressure lock at the feed point and connections for steam lines is provided.
  • this preheating device further heating of the material to be dewatered with steam is made possible, and in that a direct connection between the preheating device and the autoclave is established via a further pressure lock for the discharge from the preheating device and the task into an autoclave which can be subjected to saturated steam, here, too, the transfer into the autoclave is made possible in an energy-saving manner.
  • the pressure lock between the preheating device and the autoclave also makes it possible to use the lock evaporation directly to preheat the items to be dried.
  • sewage lines are connected to the autoclaves to which saturated steam can be applied, via pressure valves, via which the expelled process water can be drained off and thus need not be subjected to further heating.
  • a sieve drum with a rotary drive is provided within the autoclave.
  • the preheating device and the autoclave can be kept under superatmospheric pressure so that a material to be dried that is optimally prepared for saturated steam drying is transferred directly to the drying stage within the autoclave.
  • Another pressure lock for the discharge and expansion of the steamed material is connected to the autoclave and an after-dryer is provided in which part of the remaining amount of water evaporates due to the latent heat at atmospheric pressure, the drying being promoted by the introduction of hot air .
  • the after-dryer is preferably designed as an oscillating dryer and has a connection for preheated air, whereupon a conventional device for removing the dry coal is connected.
  • the product can also be cooled and / or rendered inert in the after-dryer.
  • the trailer vessels connected to the sewage pipes of autoclaves also serve for the pre-separation of solids in the wastewater and the wastewater collected in the trailer vessels can be fed directly to a heat exchanger for preheating air and below Separation of residual steam can be used to spray the material to be dried.
  • the expansion steam formed in the expansion vessel can be used directly for preheating in the preheating device provided with a pressure lock, from this preheating device, which advantageously contains a sieve drum with a rotary drive, the separated hot water can be fed to the residual steam separating vessel via pressure valves.
  • This arrangement according to the invention of the individual parts of the system enables circulation of waste water and steam and a high degree of heat recovery within the drying process to be carried out in the drying system.
  • the residual steam from the waste water obtained from the residual steam separating vessel can be fed into the wet sieve and can in turn be used there for preheating purposes.
  • a dedusting device can be connected to the after-dryer in order to be able to remove dry coal that is as dust-free as possible.
  • wastewater is discharged from the process only at a single point, this point being provided below the wet sieve. Only the wastewater that flows off here requires wastewater treatment, whereas all other facilities are partly completely closed and partly only connected to the environment via a dedusting system.
  • the raw lignite withdrawn from a storage bunker 1 is applied to a first conveyor 2 designed as a vibrating trough and over-brewed with hot water supplied via a line 3.
  • the coal can be preheated to temperatures of around 40 ° C-60 ° C.
  • the preheated coal is then fed onto a wet sieve 4, residual steam and optionally wastewater from the wastewater or vapors being applied via a line 5. There is thus a further preheating of the feed material.
  • the screen overflow with a grain size of 3-40 mm is fed to a steep conveyor belt 6 and passes through a pressure lock 7 designed as a rotary pressure lock into a preheating device 8.
  • a line 11 for steam and a line 12 for waste water are connected to the preheating device 8.
  • the preheating device 8 is connected to the autoclave 14 via a pressure lock 13, which is again designed as a rotary pressure lock.
  • a sieve drum 15 with an associated rotary drive 16 is in turn arranged within the autoclave 14.
  • a saturated steam line 17 and a waste water line 18 are connected to the autoclave 14.
  • the coal is preheated in the preheating device to temperatures up to a maximum of 200 ° C. at 15 bar and is preferably kept in a temperature range between 120 ° C. and 150 ° C.
  • the actual drying process is carried out by applying saturated steam and possibly superheated steam or superheated steam at pressures of up to 45 bar, depending on the coal and the desired degree of drying.
  • the discharge takes place in turn via a pressure lock, which is designed as a cellular wheel pressure lock and is designated by 19.
  • a post-dryer 20 is connected to this cellular wheel pressure lock 19, in which the coal is charged with preheated air and post-evaporation takes place.
  • the after-drying device 20 is designed as an oscillating dryer and is connected via a line 21 to a dedusting device.
  • the hot air is supplied via a line 22.
  • the dried coal is discharged by a conveyor 23.
  • Drying in the autoclave can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner with superheated steam, the superheating of the steam being chosen with the proviso that saturation is achieved by the subsequent evaporation of the coal water that has escaped.
  • feed water and energy for steam generation can be saved and a smaller amount of condensate occurs, whereby the amount of waste water to be treated is reduced.
  • the use of superheated steam is simplified by the preheating with steam under pressure and only the water content of the coal after preheating is taken into account.
  • the waste water line 18 is connected to the trailer vessels 24.
  • the expelled coal water and the condensate of the saturated steam supplied are collected in these trailer vessels.
  • C0 2 is withdrawn via a line 25.
  • the solids are discharged via sludge lines 26.
  • the hot waste water is transferred via lines 27 into an expansion vessel 28. In this expansion vessel 28 there is a pressure reduction and associated steam recovery.
  • the hot waste water is fed to a preheating device 29 for the hot air of the dryer 20 and subsequently reaches a residual steam separating vessel 31 via a line 30.
  • the residual steam separated in this residual steam separating vessel 31 is fed to the wet sieve 4 via line 5, whereas the remaining hot waste water portion is fed back to conveyor 2 via line 3.
  • the excess wastewater is fed to a wastewater treatment system via a line 32.
  • the expansion steam from the expansion vessel 28 is fed to the preheating device 8 via a line 33.
  • the condensate derived from this preheating device 8, which is drawn off via the line 12, can be added to the waste water fed to the residual steam separating vessel 31 via the line 30.
  • the saturated steam introduced into the autoclave 14 is advantageously blown from above onto the outside of the sieve drum shell by means of flat jet nozzles, which at the same time ensures that the drum shell is not blocked.
  • Slotted sieve drums are primarily used as sieve drums.
  • the screen drum dryers can be used with fill levels of up to 60% and throughput rates of 60 tons per hour per screen drum dryer can be easily achieved with the system shown.
  • the residence time of the coal in the autoclave 14 is selected depending on the grain size and can be chosen to be smaller for small grain than for larger grain. A typical residence time of 5 min for grain sizes of 5-20 mm, a residence time of 10 min for grain sizes of 10-30 mm and a residence time of 20 min for grain sizes of 20-40 mm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Installation de séchage pour lignites à haute teneur en eau, dans laquelle le lignite à sécher est préchauffé, vaporisé avec utilisation de vapeur sous pression supérieure à la pression atmosphérique puis soumis à un séchage final, caractérisée par la combinaison des éléments suivants :
a) un dispositif transporteur (2), de préférence une goulotte vibrante, équipée d'un dispositif (3) pour arroser le lignite d'eaux résiduaires chaudes ;
b) un crible humide (4), en particulier, un crible oscillant, équipé d'un dispositif (5) d'alimentation en vapeur résiduelle ;
c) un transporteur (6), par exemple, une courroie transporteuse à forte pente, pour transporter la matière criblée à un sas de pression (7) ;
d) un dispositif de préchauffage (8), équipé d'un sas de pression (7) sur le côté de chargement et de raccords pour des conduites de vapeur (11 le dispositif de préchauffage et le sas de pression étant de préférence munis d'entraînements réglables par variation continue ;
e) un autre sas de pression (13), de préférence lui aussi de constitution réglable par variation continue servant à décharger hors du dispositif de préchauffage (8), et à charger dans un autoclave (14) qui peut être alimenté en vapeur, de préférence en vapeur saturée, et auquel sont raccordées des conduites d'eaux résiduaires (12), éventuellement par l'intermédiaire de vannes de pression ;
f) un crible à tambour (15) placé à l'intérieur de l'autoclave (14), et équipé d'un entraînement en rotation (16), de préférence réglable par variation continue, et d'éléments transporteurs, en particulier des filets de vis ;
g) un autre sas de pression (19), de préférence réglable par variation continue, servant à décharger la matière vaporisée dans un séchoir de séchage final (20),
h) un séchoir de séchage final (20), de préférence un séchoir vibrant, équipé d'un raccord (22) pour l'introduction de gaz de préchauffés tels que de la vapeur, de l'air ou des gaz inertes ; et
i) un dispositif (23) pour l'évacuation du lignite séché, les conduites d'eaux résiduaires (18) partant de l'autoclave (14) étant raccordées à des cuves annexes (24) auxquelles sont raccordées des conduites d'évacuation (25), (26) pour le C02, les eaux résiduaires et les boues, ainsi qu'une conduite (27), aboutissant à une cuve de détente (28), et la vapeur de détente formée dans la cuve de détente (28) étant envoyée par une conduite au dispositif de préchauffage (8), équipé d'un sas de pression (7, 13).
2. Installation de séchage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les eaux résiduaires chaudes de la cuve de détente (28) sont envoyées à un échangeur de chaleur (29) pour le préchauffage de l'air de séchage et la vapeur résiduelle d'une cuve de séparation de la vapeur résiduelle (31) reliée à l'échangeur de chaleur est envoyée au crible humide (4)
3. Installation de séchage selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les eaux résiduaires chaudes de la cuve de séparation de la vapeur résiduelle (31) sont utilisées pour arroser le lignite brut.
4. Installation de séchage selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de préchauffage (8) muni de sas de pression (7, 13) renferme un crible à tambour (9) équipé d'un entraînement en rotation (10) et en ce que l'eau chaude séparée peut être envoyée à la cuve de séparation de la vapeur résiduelle (31) à travers des vannes de pression.
EP19850890039 1984-03-21 1985-02-15 Installation de séchage de lignite à haute teneur en eau Expired EP0155927B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT950/84 1984-03-21
AT95084 1984-03-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0155927A2 EP0155927A2 (fr) 1985-09-25
EP0155927A3 EP0155927A3 (en) 1986-03-26
EP0155927B1 true EP0155927B1 (fr) 1988-07-27

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EP19850890039 Expired EP0155927B1 (fr) 1984-03-21 1985-02-15 Installation de séchage de lignite à haute teneur en eau

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US4628619A (fr)
EP (1) EP0155927B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60212491A (fr)
AT (1) ATE36004T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU576559B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1268329A (fr)
CS (1) CS271459B2 (fr)
DD (1) DD238850A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3563978D1 (fr)
GR (1) GR850677B (fr)
HU (1) HU190557B (fr)
SU (1) SU1378792A3 (fr)
TR (1) TR22540A (fr)
YU (1) YU44684B (fr)

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CN103822441A (zh) * 2012-11-16 2014-05-28 天华化工机械及自动化研究设计院有限公司 一种惰性气体循环的煤干燥方法
JP6441324B2 (ja) * 2013-05-30 2018-12-19 クリーンコールテクノロジーズ インク 石炭の処理
RU2537151C1 (ru) * 2013-06-18 2014-12-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Восточный научно-исследовательский углехимический институт" (ОАО "ВУХИН") Способ подготовки неспекающегося угля
KR101408148B1 (ko) * 2013-10-30 2014-06-17 주식회사 한국테크놀로지 재열증기 방식 석탄 건조 시스템
WO2015194855A1 (fr) * 2014-06-17 2015-12-23 주식회사 한국테크놀로지 Appareil à étaler et à aplatir pour sécher de manière uniforme du charbon transféré dans un appareil de séchage de charbon à l'aide de vapeur de réchauffage
DE102015121869A1 (de) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur kontinuierlichen Entwässerung von Wasser enthaltenem Gut, insbesondere zur Entwässerung von Braunkohle
RU170323U1 (ru) * 2016-12-26 2017-04-21 Михаил Александрович Мещанинов Устройство для переработки твердых бытовых отходов
CN108679969A (zh) * 2018-05-19 2018-10-19 芜湖中淇节能科技有限公司 一种用于低阶煤的均匀干燥装置
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ATE36004T1 (de) 1988-08-15
CA1268329A (fr) 1990-05-01
GR850677B (fr) 1985-07-19
EP0155927A3 (en) 1986-03-26
EP0155927A2 (fr) 1985-09-25
YU39585A (en) 1988-08-31
DE3563978D1 (en) 1988-09-01
AU4002085A (en) 1985-09-26
SU1378792A3 (ru) 1988-02-28
TR22540A (tr) 1987-02-12
JPS60212491A (ja) 1985-10-24
DD238850A5 (de) 1986-09-03
CS177385A2 (en) 1990-03-14
HUT37492A (en) 1985-12-28
CS271459B2 (en) 1990-10-12
US4628619A (en) 1986-12-16
YU44684B (en) 1990-12-31
HU190557B (en) 1986-09-29
AU576559B2 (en) 1988-09-01

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