EP0155927B1 - Drying installation for lignite with a high water content - Google Patents

Drying installation for lignite with a high water content Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155927B1
EP0155927B1 EP19850890039 EP85890039A EP0155927B1 EP 0155927 B1 EP0155927 B1 EP 0155927B1 EP 19850890039 EP19850890039 EP 19850890039 EP 85890039 A EP85890039 A EP 85890039A EP 0155927 B1 EP0155927 B1 EP 0155927B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
coal
waste water
pressure lock
autoclave
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EP19850890039
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0155927A3 (en
EP0155927A2 (en
Inventor
Alois Dipl.-Ing. Janusch
Franz-Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Mayer
Gero Tessmer
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Voestalpine AG
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Voestalpine AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10F—DRYING OR WORKING-UP OF PEAT
    • C10F5/00—Drying or de-watering peat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
    • C10L2290/146—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
    • C10L2290/148—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/18—Spraying or sprinkling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/50—Screws or pistons for moving along solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C10L2290/546—Sieving for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drying plant for water-rich lignite, in which the coal to be dried is preheated, steamed under superatmospheric pressure and subsequently dried.
  • GB-A-2 067 731 describes a process for drying lignite in which the solid material is preheated and fed to at least one drying stage with saturated steam under excess pressure and elevated temperature.
  • a device for drying water-rich lignite is known, which comprises conveying devices, devices for over-brewing the coal, pressure locks, sieve arrangements within an autoclave and devices for removing the dry coal.
  • the first conveyor which is connected directly to a storage bunker for the coal to be dried and which is preferably designed as a vibrating channel, allows the coal to be showered directly in a simple manner for the purpose of preheating with hot waste water from the subsequent drying process. In this way, residual heat from the process is used and the wastewater load is reduced, since wastewater from the process is circulated.
  • the subsequent wet sieve advantageously serves for the separation of the residual fine grain fraction and the separation of adhering dust, with an additional preheating of the coal with residual steam from the waste water.
  • the subsequent conveyor which is preferably designed as a steep conveyor belt, allows the preheated raw lignite to be fed to a preheating device in an extremely space-saving manner without any appreciable loss of temperature, which according to the invention has a pressure lock at the feed point and connections for steam lines is provided.
  • this preheating device further heating of the material to be dewatered with steam is made possible, and in that a direct connection between the preheating device and the autoclave is established via a further pressure lock for the discharge from the preheating device and the task into an autoclave which can be subjected to saturated steam, here, too, the transfer into the autoclave is made possible in an energy-saving manner.
  • the pressure lock between the preheating device and the autoclave also makes it possible to use the lock evaporation directly to preheat the items to be dried.
  • sewage lines are connected to the autoclaves to which saturated steam can be applied, via pressure valves, via which the expelled process water can be drained off and thus need not be subjected to further heating.
  • a sieve drum with a rotary drive is provided within the autoclave.
  • the preheating device and the autoclave can be kept under superatmospheric pressure so that a material to be dried that is optimally prepared for saturated steam drying is transferred directly to the drying stage within the autoclave.
  • Another pressure lock for the discharge and expansion of the steamed material is connected to the autoclave and an after-dryer is provided in which part of the remaining amount of water evaporates due to the latent heat at atmospheric pressure, the drying being promoted by the introduction of hot air .
  • the after-dryer is preferably designed as an oscillating dryer and has a connection for preheated air, whereupon a conventional device for removing the dry coal is connected.
  • the product can also be cooled and / or rendered inert in the after-dryer.
  • the trailer vessels connected to the sewage pipes of autoclaves also serve for the pre-separation of solids in the wastewater and the wastewater collected in the trailer vessels can be fed directly to a heat exchanger for preheating air and below Separation of residual steam can be used to spray the material to be dried.
  • the expansion steam formed in the expansion vessel can be used directly for preheating in the preheating device provided with a pressure lock, from this preheating device, which advantageously contains a sieve drum with a rotary drive, the separated hot water can be fed to the residual steam separating vessel via pressure valves.
  • This arrangement according to the invention of the individual parts of the system enables circulation of waste water and steam and a high degree of heat recovery within the drying process to be carried out in the drying system.
  • the residual steam from the waste water obtained from the residual steam separating vessel can be fed into the wet sieve and can in turn be used there for preheating purposes.
  • a dedusting device can be connected to the after-dryer in order to be able to remove dry coal that is as dust-free as possible.
  • wastewater is discharged from the process only at a single point, this point being provided below the wet sieve. Only the wastewater that flows off here requires wastewater treatment, whereas all other facilities are partly completely closed and partly only connected to the environment via a dedusting system.
  • the raw lignite withdrawn from a storage bunker 1 is applied to a first conveyor 2 designed as a vibrating trough and over-brewed with hot water supplied via a line 3.
  • the coal can be preheated to temperatures of around 40 ° C-60 ° C.
  • the preheated coal is then fed onto a wet sieve 4, residual steam and optionally wastewater from the wastewater or vapors being applied via a line 5. There is thus a further preheating of the feed material.
  • the screen overflow with a grain size of 3-40 mm is fed to a steep conveyor belt 6 and passes through a pressure lock 7 designed as a rotary pressure lock into a preheating device 8.
  • a line 11 for steam and a line 12 for waste water are connected to the preheating device 8.
  • the preheating device 8 is connected to the autoclave 14 via a pressure lock 13, which is again designed as a rotary pressure lock.
  • a sieve drum 15 with an associated rotary drive 16 is in turn arranged within the autoclave 14.
  • a saturated steam line 17 and a waste water line 18 are connected to the autoclave 14.
  • the coal is preheated in the preheating device to temperatures up to a maximum of 200 ° C. at 15 bar and is preferably kept in a temperature range between 120 ° C. and 150 ° C.
  • the actual drying process is carried out by applying saturated steam and possibly superheated steam or superheated steam at pressures of up to 45 bar, depending on the coal and the desired degree of drying.
  • the discharge takes place in turn via a pressure lock, which is designed as a cellular wheel pressure lock and is designated by 19.
  • a post-dryer 20 is connected to this cellular wheel pressure lock 19, in which the coal is charged with preheated air and post-evaporation takes place.
  • the after-drying device 20 is designed as an oscillating dryer and is connected via a line 21 to a dedusting device.
  • the hot air is supplied via a line 22.
  • the dried coal is discharged by a conveyor 23.
  • Drying in the autoclave can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner with superheated steam, the superheating of the steam being chosen with the proviso that saturation is achieved by the subsequent evaporation of the coal water that has escaped.
  • feed water and energy for steam generation can be saved and a smaller amount of condensate occurs, whereby the amount of waste water to be treated is reduced.
  • the use of superheated steam is simplified by the preheating with steam under pressure and only the water content of the coal after preheating is taken into account.
  • the waste water line 18 is connected to the trailer vessels 24.
  • the expelled coal water and the condensate of the saturated steam supplied are collected in these trailer vessels.
  • C0 2 is withdrawn via a line 25.
  • the solids are discharged via sludge lines 26.
  • the hot waste water is transferred via lines 27 into an expansion vessel 28. In this expansion vessel 28 there is a pressure reduction and associated steam recovery.
  • the hot waste water is fed to a preheating device 29 for the hot air of the dryer 20 and subsequently reaches a residual steam separating vessel 31 via a line 30.
  • the residual steam separated in this residual steam separating vessel 31 is fed to the wet sieve 4 via line 5, whereas the remaining hot waste water portion is fed back to conveyor 2 via line 3.
  • the excess wastewater is fed to a wastewater treatment system via a line 32.
  • the expansion steam from the expansion vessel 28 is fed to the preheating device 8 via a line 33.
  • the condensate derived from this preheating device 8, which is drawn off via the line 12, can be added to the waste water fed to the residual steam separating vessel 31 via the line 30.
  • the saturated steam introduced into the autoclave 14 is advantageously blown from above onto the outside of the sieve drum shell by means of flat jet nozzles, which at the same time ensures that the drum shell is not blocked.
  • Slotted sieve drums are primarily used as sieve drums.
  • the screen drum dryers can be used with fill levels of up to 60% and throughput rates of 60 tons per hour per screen drum dryer can be easily achieved with the system shown.
  • the residence time of the coal in the autoclave 14 is selected depending on the grain size and can be chosen to be smaller for small grain than for larger grain. A typical residence time of 5 min for grain sizes of 5-20 mm, a residence time of 10 min for grain sizes of 10-30 mm and a residence time of 20 min for grain sizes of 20-40 mm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

A drying plant for brown coals of high water content comprises, as seen in flow direction of the coal and one behind the other, a conveyor means (2) equipped with a means (3) for spraying hot waste water onto the coal, a wet sieve (4) equipped with a means (5) for supplying residual steam, a conveyor means (6) for conveying the sieved material to a pressure lock (7), a preheating means (8) equipped with a pressure lock (7) at the charging location and with connections for steam conduits (11), a further pressure lock (13) for discharging the coal from the preheating means (8) and for charging the coal into an autoclave (14) being adapted for being supplied with steam, preferably saturated steam, and having connected thereto waste water conduits (12), a sieve drum (15) arranged within the autoclave (14) and being equipped with a variable rotational drive means (16) and with conveyor elements, in particular screw conveyor elements, a further pressure lock (19) for discharging the steamed material into a subsequent drying means (20), a subsequent drying means (20) having a connection (22) for preheated gases such as steam, air or inert gases, and a means (23) for transporting away the dry coal.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Trocknungsanlage für wasserreiche Braunkohlen, in welcher die zu trocknende Kohle vorgewärmt, unter Anwendung von Dampf unter überatmosphärischem Druck gedämpft und nachgetrocknet wird.The invention relates to a drying plant for water-rich lignite, in which the coal to be dried is preheated, steamed under superatmospheric pressure and subsequently dried.

Für die Trocknung von wasserreichen Braunkohlen wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, die zu trocknenden Kohlen mit Sattdampf zu behandeln, wobei bei dieser Behandlung die kolloidale Struktur zerstört wird und gleichzeitig mit einer Schrumpfung der Braunkohle bei Herabsetzung der Wasserviskosität das Auspressen des in der Kapillarstruktur der Braunkohle enthaltenen Kohlewassers begünstigt wird. Die ursprünglichen Einrichtungen zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens, welches als Fleißner-Verfahren bekannt wurde, beinhalteten Autoklaven, welche diskontinuierlich chargiert und zyklisch mit Sattdampf beaufschlagt wurden. Nach einer Entspannung des jeweiligen Autoklaven, in welchem die Kohle gedämpft wurde, konnte die weitgehend getrocknete Kohle ausgebracht werden.For the drying of water-rich brown coal, it has already been proposed to treat the coal to be dried with saturated steam, with this treatment destroying the colloidal structure and, at the same time, with a shrinkage of the brown coal with a reduction in the water viscosity, the squeezing out of the coal water contained in the capillary structure of the brown coal is promoted becomes. The original facilities for carrying out such a process, which became known as the Fleissner process, included autoclaves which were batchwise charged and saturated steam applied cyclically. After relaxing the respective autoclave in which the coal was steamed, the largely dried coal could be discharged.

In der GB-A-2 067 731 ist ein Verfahren zur Trocknung von Braunkohlen, bei dem das feste Material vorgewärmt wird und mindestens einer Trocknungsstufe mit Sattdampf unter Überdruck und erhöhter Temperatur zugeführt wird beschrieben. Aus der AT-B-365 629 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Trocknung von wasserreichen Braunkohlen bekannt, welche Fördereinrichtungen, Einrichtungen zum Überbrausen der Kohle, Druckschleusen, Siebanordnungen innerhalb eines Autoklaven sowie Einrichtungen zum Abtransport der Trockenkohle umfaßt.GB-A-2 067 731 describes a process for drying lignite in which the solid material is preheated and fed to at least one drying stage with saturated steam under excess pressure and elevated temperature. From AT-B-365 629 a device for drying water-rich lignite is known, which comprises conveying devices, devices for over-brewing the coal, pressure locks, sieve arrangements within an autoclave and devices for removing the dry coal.

Es sind auch bereits Vorschläge bekannt geworden, das ursprünglich diskontinuierlich geführte Verfahren kontinuierlich oder semikontinuierlich zu führen. Zu diesem Zweck sind bereits unter Sattdampfdruck arbeitende Siebtrommeln vorgeschlagen worden, welche es erlauben, das im Verfahren anfallende Prozeßwasser frühzeitig abzuleiten und mit welchen eine überflüssige Aufwärmung des Wasserballastes vermieden werden kann.There have also been proposals for carrying out the process, which was originally carried out batchwise, continuously or semi-continuously. For this purpose, sieve drums operating under saturated steam pressure have already been proposed, which make it possible to drain off the process water occurring in the process at an early stage and with which an unnecessary heating of the water ballast can be avoided.

Die vorliegende Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, eine gesamte Trocknungsanlage vorzuschlagen, bei welcher eine Reihe von an sich bekannten Teilen Verwendung finden, welche jedoch insgesamt ohne nennenswerte Modifikationen einem unterschiedlichen Mengendurchsatz in der Zeiteinheit bei überaus geringen Energiekosten angepaßt werden kann. Hiebei wird von körniger Braunkohle einer Korngröße von 0,1 bis 40 mm ausgegangen und darauf abgezielt, bei niedrigem spezifischen Energiebedarf einen hohen Trocknungsgrad zu erreichen. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die Erfindung im wesentlichen gekennzeichnet durch die Kombination der nachfolgenden Teile

  • a) eine Fördereinrichtung, vorzugsweise Schwingrinne, mit einer Einrichtung zum Überbrausen der Kohle mit heißem Abwasser,
  • b) ein Naßsieb, insbesondere Schwingsieb, mit einer Einrichtung zum Zuführen von Restdampf,
  • c) einen Förderer, insbesondere Steilfördergurt, für die Förderung des abgesiebten Materials zu einer Druckschleuse,
  • d) eine Vorwärmeeinrichtung mit einer Druckschleuse an der Aufgabestelle und Anschlüssen für Dampfleitungen, wobei Vorwärmeeinrichtung und Druckschleuse vorzugsweise mit stufenlos regelbaren Antrieben versehen sind,
  • e) eine weitere Druckschleuse, vorzugsweise ebenfalls stufenlos regelbar ausgeführt, für den Austrag aus der Vorwärmeeinrichtung und die Aufgabe in einen mit Dampf, vorzugsweise Sattdampf, beaufschlagbaren Autoklaven, an welchen, gegebenenfalls über Druckventile, Abwasserleitungen angeschlossen sind,
  • f) eine Siebtrommel innerhalb des Autoklaven mit einem vorzugsweise stufenlos regelbarem Drehantrieb und Förderelementen, insbesondere Schneckengängen,
  • g) eine weitere, vorzugsweise stufenlos geregelte Druckschleuse für den Austrag des gedämpften Materials in einen Nachtrockner,
  • h) einen Nachtrockner, vorzugsweise Schwingtrockner, mit einem Anschluß für vorgewärmte Gase, wie Dampf, Luft oder Inertgase, und
  • i) eine Einrichtung zum Abtransport der Trockenkohle; wobei die Abwasserleitungen vom Autoklaven an Anhängegefäße angeschlossen sind, an welche Ableitungen für CO2, Abwasser und Schlamm sowie eine Leitung zu einem Entspannungsgefäß angeschlossen sind und der im Entspannungsgefäß gebildete Entspannungsdampf über eine Leitung mit der mit einer Druckschleuse versehenen Vorwärmeeinrichtung verbunden ist.
The present invention now aims to propose an entire drying installation, in which a number of parts known per se are used, which, however, can be adapted overall to a different quantity throughput in the unit of time at extremely low energy costs without any significant modifications. Hiebei is based on granular brown coal with a grain size of 0.1 to 40 mm and aims to achieve a high degree of drying with a low specific energy requirement. To achieve this object, the invention is essentially characterized by the combination of the following parts
  • a) a conveying device, preferably a vibrating channel, with a device for overflowing the coal with hot waste water,
  • b) a wet sieve, in particular a vibrating sieve, with a device for supplying residual steam,
  • c) a conveyor, in particular a steep conveyor belt, for conveying the screened material to a pressure lock,
  • d) a preheating device with a pressure lock at the feed point and connections for steam lines, the preheating device and pressure lock preferably being provided with infinitely variable drives,
  • e) a further pressure lock, preferably also designed to be infinitely variable, for the discharge from the preheating device and the task into an autoclave to which steam, preferably saturated steam, can be applied, to which, if necessary via pressure valves, waste water pipes are connected,
  • f) a sieve drum inside the autoclave with a preferably infinitely variable rotary drive and conveying elements, in particular worm gears,
  • g) a further, preferably continuously regulated pressure lock for the discharge of the damped material into an after-dryer,
  • h) an after-dryer, preferably an oscillating dryer, with a connection for preheated gases, such as steam, air or inert gases, and
  • i) a device for removing the dry coal; wherein the waste water lines from the autoclave are connected to trailer vessels, to which discharge lines for CO 2 , waste water and sludge as well as a line to an expansion vessel are connected and the expansion steam formed in the expansion vessel is connected via a line to the preheating device provided with a pressure lock.

Die unmittelbar an einen Vorratsbunker für die zu trocknende Kohle angeschlossene erste Fördereinrichtung, welche vorzugsweise als Schwingrinne ausgebildet ist, erlaubt in einfacher Weise das unmittelbare Überbrausen der Kohle zum Zwecke der Vorwärmung mit heißem Abwasser aus dem nachfolgenden Trocknungsprozeß. Auf diese Weise wird Restwärme des Prozesses verwendet und die Abwasserbelastung verringert, da Abwasser aus dem Prozeß im Kreislauf geführt wird. Das nachfolgende Naßsieb dient in vorteilhafter Weise der Abscheidung des Restfeinkornanteiles und der Abscheidung von anhaftendem Staub, wobei auch hier noch eine zusätzliche Vorwärmung der Kohle mit Restdampf aus dem Abwasser erfolgt. Der anschließende Förderer, welcher vorzugsweise als Steilfördergurt ausgebildet ist, erlaubt es in überaus raumsparender Weise, die vorgewärmte Rohbraunkohle ohne nennenswerten Temperaturverlust einer Vorwärmeeinrichtung zuzuführen, welche erfindungsgemäß mit einer Druckschleuse an der Aufgabestelle und Anschlüssen für Dampfleitungen versehen ist. In dieser Vorwärmeeinrichtung ist somit die weitere Aufwärmung des zu entwässernden Materiales mit Dampf ermöglicht und dadurch, daß über eine weitere Druckschleuse für den Austrag aus der Vorwärmeeinrichtung und die Aufgabe in einen mit Sattdampf beaufschlagbaren Autoklaven eine unmittelbare Verbindung zwischen der Vorwärmeeinrichtung und dem Autoklaven hergestellt ist, wird auch hier in energiesparender Weise die Überführung in den Autoklaven ermöglicht. Die Druckschleuse zwischen Vorwärmeeinrichtung und Autoklaven ermöglicht es darüber hinaus, den Schleusenabdampf unmittelbar zur Vorwärmung des zu trocknenden Gutes heranzuziehen. An den mit Sattdampf beaufschlagbaren Autoklaven sind erfindungsgemäß über Druckventile Abwasserleitungen angeschlossen, über welche das ausgetriebene Prozeßwasser abgeleitet werden kann und somit einer weiteren Erwärmung nicht unterworfen werden muß. Um eine sichere und weitgehende Abtrennung des Prozeßwassers zu ermöglichen, ist innerhalb des Autoklaven eine Siebtrommel mit einem Drehantrieb vorgesehen. Die Vorwärmeeinrichtung und der Autoklav können hiebei unter überatmosphärischem Druck gehalten werden, so daß ein optimal für die Sattdampftrocknung vorbereitetes, zu trocknendes Gut unmittelbar in die Trocknungsstufe innerhalb des Autoklaven übergeführt wird. An den Autoklaven schließt eine weitere Druckschleuse für den Austrag und die Entspannung des gedämpften Materiales an und es ist ein Nachtrockner vorgesehen, in welchem ein Teil der verbliebenen Wassermenge auf Grund der latenten Wärme bei atmosphärischem Druck abdampft, wobei die Trocknung durch Einführung von Heißluft begünstigt wird. Der Nachtrockner ist vorzugsweise als Schwingtrockner ausgebildet und weist einen Anschluß für vorgewärmte Luft auf, worauf anschließend eine übliche Einrichtung zum Abtransport der Trockenkohle angeschlossen ist. Im Nachtrockner kann auch eine Kühlung und/oder Inertisierung des Produktes erfolgen.The first conveyor, which is connected directly to a storage bunker for the coal to be dried and which is preferably designed as a vibrating channel, allows the coal to be showered directly in a simple manner for the purpose of preheating with hot waste water from the subsequent drying process. In this way, residual heat from the process is used and the wastewater load is reduced, since wastewater from the process is circulated. The subsequent wet sieve advantageously serves for the separation of the residual fine grain fraction and the separation of adhering dust, with an additional preheating of the coal with residual steam from the waste water. The subsequent conveyor, which is preferably designed as a steep conveyor belt, allows the preheated raw lignite to be fed to a preheating device in an extremely space-saving manner without any appreciable loss of temperature, which according to the invention has a pressure lock at the feed point and connections for steam lines is provided. In this preheating device, further heating of the material to be dewatered with steam is made possible, and in that a direct connection between the preheating device and the autoclave is established via a further pressure lock for the discharge from the preheating device and the task into an autoclave which can be subjected to saturated steam, here, too, the transfer into the autoclave is made possible in an energy-saving manner. The pressure lock between the preheating device and the autoclave also makes it possible to use the lock evaporation directly to preheat the items to be dried. According to the invention, sewage lines are connected to the autoclaves to which saturated steam can be applied, via pressure valves, via which the expelled process water can be drained off and thus need not be subjected to further heating. In order to enable safe and extensive separation of the process water, a sieve drum with a rotary drive is provided within the autoclave. The preheating device and the autoclave can be kept under superatmospheric pressure so that a material to be dried that is optimally prepared for saturated steam drying is transferred directly to the drying stage within the autoclave. Another pressure lock for the discharge and expansion of the steamed material is connected to the autoclave and an after-dryer is provided in which part of the remaining amount of water evaporates due to the latent heat at atmospheric pressure, the drying being promoted by the introduction of hot air . The after-dryer is preferably designed as an oscillating dryer and has a connection for preheated air, whereupon a conventional device for removing the dry coal is connected. The product can also be cooled and / or rendered inert in the after-dryer.

Die an die Abwasserleitungen von Autoklaven angeschlossenen Anhängegefäße dienen hiebei neben der Abscheidung von CO2, das bei der Sattdampftrocknung anfällt, auch zur Vorabscheidung von Feststoffen im Abwasser und das in den Anhängegefäßen gesammelte Abwasser kann unmittelbar einem Wärmetauscher für die Vorwärmung von Luft zugeführt werden und unter Abscheidung von Restdampf zum Überbrausen des zu trocknenden Materials herangezogen werden. Der im Entspannungsgefäß gebildete Entspannungsdampf kann hiebei unmittelbar für die Vorwärmung in der mit einer Druckschleuse versehenen Vorwärmeeinrichtung herangezogen werden, wobei auch aus dieser Vorwärmeeinrichtung, welche in vorteilhafter Weise eine Siebtrommel mit einem Drehantrieb enthält, das abgeschiedene Heißwasser über Druckventile dem Restdampfabscheidegefäß zuführbar ist.In addition to the separation of CO 2 , which is produced during saturated steam drying, the trailer vessels connected to the sewage pipes of autoclaves also serve for the pre-separation of solids in the wastewater and the wastewater collected in the trailer vessels can be fed directly to a heat exchanger for preheating air and below Separation of residual steam can be used to spray the material to be dried. The expansion steam formed in the expansion vessel can be used directly for preheating in the preheating device provided with a pressure lock, from this preheating device, which advantageously contains a sieve drum with a rotary drive, the separated hot water can be fed to the residual steam separating vessel via pressure valves.

Diese erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der einzelnen Teile der Anlage ermöglicht eine Kreislaufführung von Abwasser und Dampf sowie ein hohes Maß an Wärmerückgewinnung innerhalb des in der Trocknungsanlage vorzunehmenden Trocknungsverfahrens.This arrangement according to the invention of the individual parts of the system enables circulation of waste water and steam and a high degree of heat recovery within the drying process to be carried out in the drying system.

Der aus dem Restdampfabscheidegefäß gewonnene Restdampf des Abwassers kann dem Naßsieb aufgegeben werden und dort wiederum für Vorwärmzwecke herangezogen werden.The residual steam from the waste water obtained from the residual steam separating vessel can be fed into the wet sieve and can in turn be used there for preheating purposes.

An den Nachtrockner kann eine Entstaubungseinrichtung angeschlossen sein, um möglichst staubfreie Trockenkohle abführen zu können.A dedusting device can be connected to the after-dryer in order to be able to remove dry coal that is as dust-free as possible.

Durch die erfindungsgemäß Führung von Abwasser und Entspannungsdampf im Kreislauf wird Abwasser nur an einer einzigen Stelle aus dem Verfahren ausgetragen, wobei diese Stelle unterhalb des Naßsiebes vorgesehen ist. Lediglich das hier abfließende Abwasser bedarf einer Abwasseraufbereitung, wohingegen alle übrigen Einrichtungen teils vollständig geschlossen und teils lediglich über eine Entstaubungsanlage mit der Umwelt verbunden arbeiten.Due to the fact that wastewater and flash steam are circulated according to the invention, wastewater is discharged from the process only at a single point, this point being provided below the wet sieve. Only the wastewater that flows off here requires wastewater treatment, whereas all other facilities are partly completely closed and partly only connected to the environment via a dedusting system.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.

Die aus einem Vorratsbunker 1 abgezogene Rohbraunkohle wird auf einen ersten, als Schwingrinne ausgebildeten Förderer 2 aufgebracht und mit über eine Leitung 3 zugeführtem heißen Wasser überbraust. Die Kohle kann hiebei auf Temperaturen von etwa 40 °C-60 °C vorgewärmt werden. Anschließend wird die vorgewärmte Kohle auf ein Naßsieb 4 aufgegeben, wobei über eine Leitung 5 Restdampf und gegebenenfalls Abwasser aus dem Abwasser bzw. Brüden aufgebracht wird. Es erfolgt somit eine weitere Vorwärmung des Einsatzmateriales.The raw lignite withdrawn from a storage bunker 1 is applied to a first conveyor 2 designed as a vibrating trough and over-brewed with hot water supplied via a line 3. The coal can be preheated to temperatures of around 40 ° C-60 ° C. The preheated coal is then fed onto a wet sieve 4, residual steam and optionally wastewater from the wastewater or vapors being applied via a line 5. There is thus a further preheating of the feed material.

Der Siebüberlauf mit einer Körnung von 3-40 mm wird einem Steilfördergurt 6 aufgegeben und gelangt über eine als Rotationsdruckschleuse ausgebildete Druckschleuse 7 in eine Vorwärmeeinrichtung 8. Innerhalb der Vorwärmeeinrichtung 8 ist eine Siebtrommel 9 angeordnet, deren Antrieb mit 10 bezeichnet ist. An die Vorwärmeeinrichtung 8 ist eine Leitung 11 für Dampf und eine Leitung 12 für Abwasser angeschlossen. Die Vorwärmeeinrichtung 8 ist über eine wiederum als Rotationsdruckschleuse ausgebildete Druckschleuse 13 mit dem Autoklaven 14 verbunden. Innerhalb des Autoklaven 14 ist wiederum eine Siebtrommel 15 mit einem zugehörigen Drehantrieb 16 angeordnet. An den Autoklaven 14 ist eine Sattdampfleitung 17 sowie eine Abwasserleitung 18 angeschlossen.The screen overflow with a grain size of 3-40 mm is fed to a steep conveyor belt 6 and passes through a pressure lock 7 designed as a rotary pressure lock into a preheating device 8. A line 11 for steam and a line 12 for waste water are connected to the preheating device 8. The preheating device 8 is connected to the autoclave 14 via a pressure lock 13, which is again designed as a rotary pressure lock. A sieve drum 15 with an associated rotary drive 16 is in turn arranged within the autoclave 14. A saturated steam line 17 and a waste water line 18 are connected to the autoclave 14.

Die Kohle wird in der Vorwärmeeinrichtung auf Temperaturen bis maximal 200 °C bei 15 bar vorgewärmt und vorzugsweise in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 120 °C und 150 °C gehalten. Im Autoklaven 14 erfolgt der eigentliche Trocknungsvorgang durch Beaufschlagung mit Sattdampf und gegebenenfalls Heißdampf bzw. überhitztem Dampf bei Drücken bis zu 45 bar je nach Kohle und gewünschtem Trocknungsgrad. Der Austrag erfolgt wiederum über eine Druckschleuse, welche als Zellraddruckschleuse ausgebildet ist und mit 19 bezeichnet ist. An diese Zellraddruckschleuse 19 ist ein Nachtrockner 20 angeschlossen, in welchem die Kohle mit vorgewärmter Luft beaufschlagt wird und eine Nachverdampfung erfolgt. Die Nachtrockeneinrichtung 20 ist hiebei als Schwingtrockner ausgebildet und über eine Leitung 21 mit einer Entstaubungseinrichtung verbunden. Die Heißluft wird über eine Leitung 22 zugeführt. Der Austrag der getrockneten Kohle erfolgt durch einen Förderer 23.The coal is preheated in the preheating device to temperatures up to a maximum of 200 ° C. at 15 bar and is preferably kept in a temperature range between 120 ° C. and 150 ° C. In the autoclave 14, the actual drying process is carried out by applying saturated steam and possibly superheated steam or superheated steam at pressures of up to 45 bar, depending on the coal and the desired degree of drying. The discharge takes place in turn via a pressure lock, which is designed as a cellular wheel pressure lock and is designated by 19. A post-dryer 20 is connected to this cellular wheel pressure lock 19, in which the coal is charged with preheated air and post-evaporation takes place. The after-drying device 20 is designed as an oscillating dryer and is connected via a line 21 to a dedusting device. The hot air is supplied via a line 22. The dried coal is discharged by a conveyor 23.

Die Trocknung im Autoklaven kann in besonders vorteilhafter Weise mit überhitztem Dampf vorgenommen werden, wobei die Überhitzung des Dampfes mit der Maßgabe gewählt wird, daß durch die nachfolgende Verdampfung von ausgetretenem Kohlewasser Sättigung erreicht wird. Bei einer derartigen Verfahrensführung kann Speisewasser und Energie für die Dampferzeugung eingespart werden und es tritt eine geringere Kondensatmenge auf, wodurch die aufzuarbeitende Abwassermenge verringert wird. Die Verwendung von überhitztem Dampf wird durch die vorangehende Vorwärmung mit Dampf unter Druck vereinfacht und es ist lediglich der Wassergehalt der Kohle nach Beendigung der Vorwärmung zu berücksichtigen.Drying in the autoclave can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner with superheated steam, the superheating of the steam being chosen with the proviso that saturation is achieved by the subsequent evaporation of the coal water that has escaped. With such a procedure, feed water and energy for steam generation can be saved and a smaller amount of condensate occurs, whereby the amount of waste water to be treated is reduced. The use of superheated steam is simplified by the preheating with steam under pressure and only the water content of the coal after preheating is taken into account.

Die Abwasserleitung 18 ist mit Anhängegefäßen 24 verbunden. In diesen Anhängegefäßen wird das ausgetriebene Kohlewasser und das Kondensat des zugeführten Sattdampfes gesammelt. Anfallendes C02 wird über eine Leitung 25 abgezogen. Die Feststoffanteile werden über Schlammleitungen 26 ausgetragen. Das heiße Abwasser wird über Leitungen 27 in ein Entspannungsgefäß 28 überführt. In diesem Entspannungsgefäß 28 erfolgt eine Druckreduktion und damit verbunden eine Dampfrückgewinnung. Das heiße Abwasser wird einer Vorwärmeeinrichtung 29 für die Heißluft des Trockners 20 zugeführt und gelangt in der Folge über eine Leitung 30 in ein Restdampfabscheidegefäß 31. Der in diesem Restdampfabscheidegefäß 31 abgeschiedene Restdampf wird über die Leitung 5 dem Naßsieb 4 zugeführt, wohingegen der verbleibende heiße Abwasseranteil über die Leitung 3 dem Förderer 2 rückgeführt wird. Das überschüssige Abwasser wird über eine Leitung 32 einer Abwasseraufbereitung zugeführt.The waste water line 18 is connected to the trailer vessels 24. The expelled coal water and the condensate of the saturated steam supplied are collected in these trailer vessels. C0 2 is withdrawn via a line 25. The solids are discharged via sludge lines 26. The hot waste water is transferred via lines 27 into an expansion vessel 28. In this expansion vessel 28 there is a pressure reduction and associated steam recovery. The hot waste water is fed to a preheating device 29 for the hot air of the dryer 20 and subsequently reaches a residual steam separating vessel 31 via a line 30. The residual steam separated in this residual steam separating vessel 31 is fed to the wet sieve 4 via line 5, whereas the remaining hot waste water portion is fed back to conveyor 2 via line 3. The excess wastewater is fed to a wastewater treatment system via a line 32.

Der Entspannungsdampf des Entspannungsgefäßes 28 wird über eine Leitung 33 der Vorwärmeeinrichtung 8 zugeführt. Das aus dieser Vorwärmeeinrichtung 8 abgeleitete Kondensat, welches über die Leitung 12 abgezogen wird, kann dem über die Leitung 30 dem Restdampfabscheidegefäß 31 zugeführten Abwasser beigemengt werden.The expansion steam from the expansion vessel 28 is fed to the preheating device 8 via a line 33. The condensate derived from this preheating device 8, which is drawn off via the line 12, can be added to the waste water fed to the residual steam separating vessel 31 via the line 30.

Der in den Autoklaven 14eingeieitete Sattdampf wird in vorteilhafter Weise mittels Flachstrahldüsen von oben auf die Außenseite des Siebtrommelmantels aufgeblasen, wodurch gleichzeitig dafür gesorgt wird, daß eine Verstopfung des Trommelmantels vermieden wird. Als Siebtrommein werden in erster Linie Spaltsiebtrommeln verwendet. Bei Einsatz von Kohle mit einer Körnung von 3-40 mm kann in den Siebtrommeltrocknern mit Füllgraden von bis zu 60 % gearbeitet werden und es sind mit der dargestellten Anlage Durchsatzleistungen von 60 Tonnen pro Stunde je Siebtrommeltrockner ohne weiters erreichbar. Die Verweilzeit der Kohle in dem Autoklaven 14 wird in Abhängigkeit von der Korngröße gewählt und kann für kleines Korn geringer gewählt werden als für größeres Korn. Als typische Werte wurden für Korngrößen von 5-20 mm eine Verweilzeit von 5 min, für Korngrößen von 10-30 mm eine Verweilzeit von 10 min und für Korngrößen von 20-40 mm eine Verweilzeit von 20 min ermittelt.The saturated steam introduced into the autoclave 14 is advantageously blown from above onto the outside of the sieve drum shell by means of flat jet nozzles, which at the same time ensures that the drum shell is not blocked. Slotted sieve drums are primarily used as sieve drums. When using coal with a grain size of 3-40 mm, the screen drum dryers can be used with fill levels of up to 60% and throughput rates of 60 tons per hour per screen drum dryer can be easily achieved with the system shown. The residence time of the coal in the autoclave 14 is selected depending on the grain size and can be chosen to be smaller for small grain than for larger grain. A typical residence time of 5 min for grain sizes of 5-20 mm, a residence time of 10 min for grain sizes of 10-30 mm and a residence time of 20 min for grain sizes of 20-40 mm.

Claims (4)

1. Drying plant for water-rich brown coals, in which the coal to be dried is preheated, is steamed using steam under superatmospheric pressure and then after-dried, characterized by the combination of the following parts :
a) a conveying means (2), preferably a vibrating conveyor, with a device (3) for sprinkling the coal with hot waste water,
b) a wet screen (4), particularly a vibrating screen, with a device (5) for supplying residual steam,
c) a conveyor (6), particularly a steep conveyor belt, for conveying the screened material to a pressure lock (7),
d) a preheating device (8) with a pressure lock (7) at the feed side and connections for steam lines (11), the preheating device and the pressure lock preferably being provided with steplessly adjustable drives,
e) a further pressure lock (13), which is preferably also constructed in steplessly adjustable manner, for the discharge from the preheating device (8) and for feeding into an autoclave (14) subject to the action of steam, preferably saturated steam and to which are connected waste water lines (12), optionally by means of pressure valves,
f) a screening drum (15) within the autoclave (14) with a preferably steplessly adjustable rotary drive (16) and conveying elements, in particular screw channels,
g) a further, preferably steplessly adjustable pressure lock (19) for the discharge of the steamed material into an after-drier (20),
h) an after-drier (20), preferably a vibrating drier, with a connection (22) for preheated gases, such as steam, air or inert gases and
i) a device (23) for conveying the dry coal away ; in which the waste water lines (18) from the autoclave (14) are connected to suspended vessels (24), to which are connected discharge lines (25), (26) for C02, waste water and sludge, as well as a line (27) to an expansion vessel and the expansion steam formed in the expansion vessel (28) is linked via a line (33) with the preheating device (8) provided with a pressure lock (7), (13).
2. Drying plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot waste water from expansion vessel (28) is supplied to a heat exchanger (29) for preheating drying air and the residual steam from a residual steam separating vessel (31) connected to the heat exchanger is supplied to the wet screen (4).
3. Drying plant according to claim 2. characterized in that hot waste water from the residual steam separating vessel (31) is used for sprinkling the crude brown coal.
4. Drying plant according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the preheating device (8) provided with pressure locks (7), (13) contains a screening drum (9) with a rotary drive (10) and that the separated hot water can be supplied by means of pressure valves to the residual steam separating vessel (31).
EP19850890039 1984-03-21 1985-02-15 Drying installation for lignite with a high water content Expired EP0155927B1 (en)

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YU39585A (en) 1988-08-31
CS177385A2 (en) 1990-03-14
HUT37492A (en) 1985-12-28
CA1268329A (en) 1990-05-01
HU190557B (en) 1986-09-29
EP0155927A3 (en) 1986-03-26
ATE36004T1 (en) 1988-08-15
DD238850A5 (en) 1986-09-03
CS271459B2 (en) 1990-10-12
DE3563978D1 (en) 1988-09-01
YU44684B (en) 1990-12-31
AU4002085A (en) 1985-09-26
AU576559B2 (en) 1988-09-01
GR850677B (en) 1985-07-19
JPS60212491A (en) 1985-10-24
TR22540A (en) 1987-02-12
US4628619A (en) 1986-12-16
SU1378792A3 (en) 1988-02-28
EP0155927A2 (en) 1985-09-25

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