EP0151562B1 - Injecteur de carburant - Google Patents

Injecteur de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0151562B1
EP0151562B1 EP85890012A EP85890012A EP0151562B1 EP 0151562 B1 EP0151562 B1 EP 0151562B1 EP 85890012 A EP85890012 A EP 85890012A EP 85890012 A EP85890012 A EP 85890012A EP 0151562 B1 EP0151562 B1 EP 0151562B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
valve
plunger
valve member
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85890012A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0151562A3 (en
EP0151562A2 (fr
Inventor
Jaroslaw Dipl. -Ing. Hlousek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ROBERT BOSCH AG
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch AG filed Critical Robert Bosch AG
Publication of EP0151562A2 publication Critical patent/EP0151562A2/fr
Publication of EP0151562A3 publication Critical patent/EP0151562A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0151562B1 publication Critical patent/EP0151562B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F02M57/022—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
    • F02M57/023—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive mechanical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • F02M59/366—Valves being actuated electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46—Valves
    • F02M59/462—Delivery valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle with a nozzle needle which is pressed by means of a nozzle needle spring against a needle seat in a nozzle needle chamber and whose end facing away from the needle seat is immersed in a nozzle needle spring chamber that can be filled with fuel and contains the nozzle needle spring, with an electromagnetic valve for controlling the injection process. which connects the pressure chamber of an injection pump with a return line in the open position.
  • a pump nozzle arrangement has become known from GB-A-2 105 406, the pressure wave, which during the control process passes through a bore from the pump chamber through channels into the nozzle needle spring chamber, is used to achieve a faster needle closure after the end of delivery.
  • a portion of the fuel that is discharged flows outward via a throttle, while the other portion increases the force of the nozzle needle spring in the closing direction of the nozzle needle.
  • the control of the start and end of delivery is effected by an electromagnetically controlled valve, which in turn controls the pressure wave at the end of delivery into the nozzle needle spring chamber in order to bring about a rapid needle closure.
  • the arrangement known from DE-C686943 is a device for achieving a pre-injection at low and medium engine speeds.
  • a piston is displaced by the fuel pressure in the pressure line and increases the preload force of the nozzle needle spring until it comes to a stop.
  • fuel is already injected through a bore at the nozzle.
  • the displacement of the piston is thus a measure of the duration of the pre-injection, the movement of the piston in the bore of the valve body being hydraulically damped.
  • the purpose of the known arrangement is a purely speed-dependent pre-injection, which is no longer effective at higher speeds, and this should be achieved without the use of further means.
  • a device of the type mentioned at the outset has become known from US Pat. No. 4,349,152, in which an electromagnetically actuated valve is switched into the fuel supply line to the nozzle.
  • the supply of the fuel under pressure to the nozzle needle or the nozzle needle chamber can be released by actuating the electromagnetic valve or can be completed.
  • control signal duration is decisive for the injection quantity and problems always arise in these known constructions when extremely small injection quantities are to be injected.
  • the invention now aims to develop a device of the type mentioned in the introduction so that even very small injection quantities can be controlled easily.
  • the invention essentially consists in the fact that a piston is provided in a working space of the fuel injection nozzle and the working space is connected to a line leading from the pressure space of the injection pump to the nozzle needle space and the one end of the piston emerging from the working space is supported against the nozzle needle spring is that the fuel pressure of this line acts on the other end of the piston, that the effective cross-section of the piston is larger than the cross-section of the nozzle needle in the opening direction, and that the piston executes its working stroke against the spring force in the entire speed and load range before the nozzle needle lifts off at the start of injection.
  • a piston is provided, the working chamber is connected at one end to the nozzle needle chamber and the other end to the pressure chamber of the pump, the end of the piston emerging from the working chamber being supported against the nozzle needle spring, before the actual injection process, i.e. . H. before lifting the nozzle needle, first a working stroke of this piston is triggered, which results in a certain delay in the injection process.
  • the working stroke of the piston leads in any case to an increase in the pretension of the nozzle needle spring and thus in the needle opening pressure. Better atomization of the fuel is thus achieved in the initial phase of the injection, which results in smoke reduction.
  • This additional piston thus brings an additional time constant between the control pulse and the start of injection, which means that very small injection quantities can be controlled.
  • This time constant is added to the control signal duration for the injection.
  • the minimum switching time of the solenoid valve is limited by the delays between the electrical impulses, the increase or decrease in force of the electromagnet and the inertia of the moving parts and is therefore not suitable for an exact dosing of the idling quantity and the partial load quantity at higher speeds.
  • the addition of this additional time constant for the movement of the piston can also ensure the function in the part-load range and in the idling range.
  • the electromagnetic valve is arranged so that it connects the nozzle needle chamber or the pump pressure chamber with the return line or the suction chamber of the pump in the open position. In this way, a relatively quick closing of the nozzle needle is also possible.
  • the effective cross-section of the piston must be larger than the cross-section of the nozzle needle acted upon in the opening direction, in order to ensure that the piston first performs a stroke against the spring force of the nozzle needle spring in the entire speed and load range before the nozzle needle lifts off.
  • the configuration according to the invention can be used both in fuel injection nozzles with a separate pump and in fuel injection nozzles with an integrated high-pressure piston pump.
  • the piston is preferably connected to the high-pressure chamber of the pump via a sealing stop surface and the nozzle needle chamber is connected in the direction of flow after the sealing stop surface to the piston working chamber.
  • the pressure stroke of the pump piston is started here after the pressure chamber of the pump has been closed by means of an electromagnetic valve, the fuel being supplied under pressure to the nozzle needle chamber only after the piston has been lifted, which in this case acts as a pressure valve.
  • This pressure valve stroke in turn leads to an increase in the spring preload of the nozzle needle spring.
  • the training can also be made so that the working space of the piston is connected via a branch line to the feed line to the nozzle needle chamber. Due to the cross-sectional conditions, the piston will also first perform its stroke in this case before the nozzle needle can lift off.
  • the nozzle needle spring chamber in which the piston is immersed can be connected to the suction chamber or the return line, so that there is always a lower pressure in the nozzle needle spring chamber relative to the pump pressure.
  • a speed-dependent pressure increase in the nozzle needle spring chamber can be achieved in that a throttle and / or a check valve opening to the nozzle needle spring chamber is connected to the nozzle needle spring chamber, by means of which this nozzle needle spring chamber is connected to the suction chamber or the return line.
  • the liquid pressure in the nozzle needle spring chamber acts on the nozzle needle, which is increased accordingly by immersing the piston.
  • This pressure in the nozzle needle spring chamber acts on the nozzle needle in the closing direction, as a result of which the opening pressure of the nozzle needle is correspondingly increased.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel injector designed as a pump-nozzle assembly according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial cross section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a fuel injector according to the invention with a separate high pressure pump schematically in longitudinal section
  • FIG. 4 a further modified embodiment with a separate high-pressure pump.
  • a pump-nozzle assembly 1 is shown, which is driven via a rocker arm 2 by the cam 3 of a camshaft.
  • the pump piston 4 grinds over the suction bore 5, which is supplied with fuel under a pump pressure via a line 6.
  • the control slide 7 of the electromagnetic valve 8 is open, no pump pressure is built up. Rather, the fuel from the pressure chamber 9 of the fuel pump is returned to the suction chamber 11 via a bore 10 and the opened electromagnetic valve 8.
  • the electromagnetic valve 8 is closed due to a control pulse from the electronic control unit 12, a pressure builds up in the pressure chamber 9 of the injection pump.
  • a piston 13 is mounted in the nozzle body in the manner of a pressure valve, which is held in the closed position by the nozzle needle spring 14 and is immersed in the nozzle needle spring chamber 15.
  • the piston 13 is moved downward, as a result of which the nozzle needle spring 14 is further pretensioned. From this point in time, fuel under pressure can flow past the pressure valve formed by the piston 13 and reach the nozzle needle chamber via the bores 16. As soon as the pressure is sufficiently high to overcome the force of the nozzle needle spring 14, the nozzle needle lifts off and the injection process begins.
  • the nozzle needle spring chamber 15 is connected to the suction chamber of the pump via a bore 17.
  • the stroke of the piston 13 is limited by a stop 18.
  • the diameter of the piston 13 is larger than the needle seat diameter of the nozzle 19. Due to the open connection through the bore 17, the suction chamber pressure prevails in the nozzle needle spring chamber 15.
  • the start of injection is defined by the assignment of the control pulse of the electrical control unit 12 to the top dead center and by the time for the promotion of the volume which corresponds to the diameter and the stroke of the piston 13.
  • the delay between the electrical pulse and the actual start of spraying corresponds to a time constant that is indirectly proportional to the speed.
  • control slide 7 the arrangement of the control slide 7 relative to the pressure chamber of the pump or the suction chamber of the same is shown more clearly.
  • a separate high-pressure pump 21 is provided, which is separate from the injection unit 22.
  • the functional sequence for the start and end of spraying is identical to the sequence in the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • From a fuel tank 23 is about a pump 24, with the interposition of a filter 25, supplies fuel under pressure to the high pressure pump 21.
  • the individual controllable injection nozzles are connected to the high-pressure pump 21 via check valves 26 and lines 27.
  • a safety valve 28 is also provided, via which the high-pressure pump 21 is in turn connected to the tank or a return line.
  • the nozzle needle spring chamber 15 is connected to the return line 37 via bores 35 and a throttle 36. Due to this throttle 36, there is only a delayed displacement of fuel from the nozzle needle spring chamber 15 when the piston 13 is immersed, which results in a further speed-dependent pressure increase and thus a further * delay in the nozzle needle stroke.
  • a check valve 38 can also be provided instead of the throttle 36.
  • the injection process is ended in that the electromagnetically actuated control slide 7 reaches its open position, whereby the pressure line 27 is connected directly to the return line 37 and a corresponding pressure drop occurs in the channels 29 and 30, which results in the closing stroke of the nozzle needle.
  • the high-pressure pump 21 is designed as an in-line injection pump and can therefore be designed without control elements.
  • the assignment of the theoretical start of delivery of the respective pump elements of this pump 21 to the top dead center defines the largest injection start adjustment.
  • FIG. 4 shows a modified embodiment in which, just as in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the injection nozzle is separated from the injection pump.
  • the electrical control unit with the control slide 7 and the electromagnetic valve 8 is connected to the piston sleeve 39 of the injection pump.
  • the control unit is integrated in a housing 40 and this housing 40 is fastened to the piston sleeve 39 by a sleeve 41.
  • the sleeve 41 has a thread 42 on the side facing the control unit housing, the pitch of which is opposite to the pitch of the thread 43 for the connection of the sleeve to the pump piston liner 39.
  • the piston 13 is modified such that the lifting movement is hydraulically damped.
  • the area of the piston 13 acted upon by pressure in the initial position shown is selected such that the piston stroke takes place before the injection.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Injecteur de carburant comportant une aiguille d'injection qui est pressée au moyen d'un ressort d'aiguille d'injection (14) contre un siège d'aiguille dans une chambre d'aiguille d'injection et dont l'extrémité située à l'opposé du siège d'aiguille plonge dans une chambre de ressort d'aiguille d'injection (15) qui peut être remplie de carburant et qui contient le ressort d'aiguille d'injection (14), ainsi qu'une valve électromagnétique (8) pour la commande du processus d'injection, valve qui, en position d'ouverture, met la chambre de refoulement (3) d'une pompe d'injection en communication avec une conduite de retour, caractérisé en ce qu'un piston (13) est prévu dans une chambre de travail (31) de l'injecteur de carburant, la chambre de travail (3ljest raccordée à une conduite qui s'étend depuis la chambre de refoulement (9) de la pompe d'injection jusqu'à la chambre d'aiguille d'injection et l'extrémité du piston (13) qui sort de la chambre de travail prend appui sur le ressort d'aiguille d'injection (14), en ce que la pression de carburant dans cette conduite agit sur l'autre extrémité du piston (13), en ce que la section transversale effective du piston (13) est plus grande que la section transversale de l'aiguille d'injection sollicitée dans le sens de l'ouverture, et en ce que, dans toute la gamme de vitesse de rotation et de charge, le piston (13) effectue sa course de travail contre la force antagoniste du ressort avant que l'aiguille d'injection ne se soulève au début de l'injection.
2. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé sous forme d'ensemble pompe-injecteur, en ce que le piston (13) est en correspondance avec la chambre à haute pression (9) de la pompe à travers une surface de butée et d'étanchéité, et en ce que la chambre d'aiguille d'injection est en communication avec la chambre de travail (31) du piston (13) après la surface de butée et d'étanchéité dans le sens de l'écoulement.
3. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de travail (31) du piston (13) est reliée à la conduite d'alimentation (29) de la chambre d'aiguille d'injection par une conduite dérivée (30).
4. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de ressort d'aiguille d'injection (15), dans laquelle plonge le piston (13), est en communication avec la chambre d'aspiration (11) ou la conduite de retour.
5. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de ressort d'aiguille d'injection (15) est en communication avec la chambre d'aspiration (11) ou la conduite de retour par l'intermédiaire d'un étranglement (36) et/ou d'un clapet antiretour qui s'ouvre vers la chambre de ressort d'aiguille d'injection (15).
EP85890012A 1984-01-20 1985-01-18 Injecteur de carburant Expired EP0151562B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT198/84 1984-01-20
AT0019884A AT397129B (de) 1984-01-20 1984-01-20 Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0151562A2 EP0151562A2 (fr) 1985-08-14
EP0151562A3 EP0151562A3 (en) 1985-11-27
EP0151562B1 true EP0151562B1 (fr) 1989-10-11

Family

ID=3484081

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85890012A Expired EP0151562B1 (fr) 1984-01-20 1985-01-18 Injecteur de carburant

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0151562B1 (fr)
AT (2) AT397129B (fr)
DE (1) DE3573638D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4741478A (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-05-03 General Motors Corporation Diesel unit fuel injector with spill assist injection needle valve closure
US4917068A (en) * 1987-12-29 1990-04-17 Toyoto Jidosh Kabushiki Kaisha Unit injector for an engine
GB8828157D0 (en) * 1988-12-02 1989-01-05 Lucas Ind Plc Fuel injection nozzles
DE3841462C2 (de) * 1988-12-09 1996-05-30 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung
DE4204435A1 (de) * 1992-02-14 1993-08-19 Daimler Benz Ag Einspritzpumpe
GB9804110D0 (en) 1998-02-27 1998-04-22 Lucas Ind Plc Fuel injector

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4349152A (en) * 1979-10-05 1982-09-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Accumulator type fuel injection apparatus

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1252001B (de) * 1967-10-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh, Stuttgart Kraftstoffemspntz\ entil fur Vor und Haupteinspritzung
DE686943C (de) * 1936-09-22 1940-01-19 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Akt G Brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung fuer Brennkraftmaschinen
DE879936C (de) * 1948-03-08 1953-06-18 Cav Ltd Brennstoffeinspritzduese fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen
CH495504A (de) * 1968-08-28 1970-08-31 Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject Brennstoff-Einspritzventil mit elektromagnetischer Betätigung
DE2558699C2 (de) * 1975-12-24 1987-05-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Pumpedüse für die Kraftstoffeinspritzung in eine Brennkraftmaschine
US4129254A (en) * 1977-09-12 1978-12-12 General Motors Corporation Electromagnetic unit fuel injector
US4129256A (en) * 1977-09-12 1978-12-12 General Motors Corporation Electromagnetic unit fuel injector
DE3105671A1 (de) * 1981-02-17 1982-09-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart "kraftstoffeinspritzduese"
JPS5818552A (ja) * 1981-07-23 1983-02-03 Diesel Kiki Co Ltd ユニツトインジエクタ
GB2105406B (en) * 1981-09-05 1985-02-27 Lucas Ind Plc Fuel injection nozzle systems for compression ignition engines
JPS5866164U (ja) * 1981-10-29 1983-05-06 株式会社小松製作所 燃料噴射装置
DE3409924A1 (de) * 1983-03-31 1984-10-11 AVL Gesellschaft für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Messtechnik mbH, Prof. Dr.Dr.h.c. Hans List, Graz Duesenhalter fuer eine kraftstoffeinspritzduese

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4349152A (en) * 1979-10-05 1982-09-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Accumulator type fuel injection apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA19884A (de) 1993-06-15
EP0151562A3 (en) 1985-11-27
ATE47202T1 (de) 1989-10-15
DE3573638D1 (en) 1989-11-16
AT397129B (de) 1994-02-25
EP0151562A2 (fr) 1985-08-14

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