EP0148215B1 - Fluide hydraulique a base d'eau - Google Patents

Fluide hydraulique a base d'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0148215B1
EP0148215B1 EP84902420A EP84902420A EP0148215B1 EP 0148215 B1 EP0148215 B1 EP 0148215B1 EP 84902420 A EP84902420 A EP 84902420A EP 84902420 A EP84902420 A EP 84902420A EP 0148215 B1 EP0148215 B1 EP 0148215B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydraulic fluid
fluid according
water
carbon atoms
molecular weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP84902420A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0148215A4 (fr
EP0148215A1 (fr
Inventor
Rosauro V. Holgado
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EF Houghton and Co
Original Assignee
EF Houghton and Co
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/508,831 external-priority patent/US4481125A/en
Application filed by EF Houghton and Co filed Critical EF Houghton and Co
Priority to AT84902420T priority Critical patent/ATE60620T1/de
Publication of EP0148215A1 publication Critical patent/EP0148215A1/fr
Publication of EP0148215A4 publication Critical patent/EP0148215A4/fr
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Publication of EP0148215B1 publication Critical patent/EP0148215B1/fr
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved high water-based hydraulic fluid particularly suitable for use in industrial hydraulic systems.
  • US ⁇ A ⁇ 4,253,975 discloses, inter alia, a lubricant comprising a dialkyl dithiophosphate, a dispersing agent which is the reaction product of an alkenyl succinic anhydride or acid and an amine to assist in dispersing in dialkyldithiophosphate in water, and a lubricant modifier. Wear loss rates of 5 and 13 mg/hr in a Vickers 104C Pump Test are the best results reported for such compositions.
  • US-A-4,312,768 discloses water-based hydraulic fluids containing polyether-based thickeners, sulfurized molybdenum or antimony phosphorodithioates, phosphate ester salts and water-soluble polyoxyethylated aliphatic esters. Because of the insolubility of the phosphorodithioates in water they are emulsified prior to use, for example with surfactants such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol or fatty acid or polyoxyethylated alkylphenol. Wear-loss rates of 17-20 mg/ hour in a Vickers Vane Pump Test are the best results reported for such compositions.
  • This invention relates to thickened, high viscosity, high water-based hydraulic fluids of the oil-in-water emulsion type.
  • high water-based hydraulic fluids compositions comprising 80% or more, by weight, of water.
  • the hydraulic fluids of this invention contain as essential constituents (1) a polyether-based thickener, (2) a lubricant modifier, (3) a dispersant, and (4) an EP additive, all in specified proportions.
  • the hydraulic fluids of the invention may contain various emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, coupling agents, metal deactivators, freezing point depressants, and the like, depending upon the particular hydraulic system in which the hydraulic fluid is to be employed.
  • the essential constituents of the hydraulic fluid may be combined to form a concentrate which is readily dilutable with water to provide a hydraulic fluid.
  • the high water-based hydraulic fluids of this invention provide improvements over prior known aqueous-based hydraulic fluids in the nature of more stable viscosity characteristics, reduced wear and better lubrication.
  • a high water-based hydraulic fluid according to the present invention can be obtained by blending together at a temperature of 120°-180°F (49°-82°C), the lubricant modifier and dispersing agent, following which, after removal from heat, the EP additive is introduced to the blend. Water is then added and a uniform clear fluid is then obtained. The clear fluid is then combined with the thickener, and additional water is added to provide a hydraulic fluid having the desired water content and viscosity.
  • the optional constituents such as defoamers, corrosion inhibitors, etc., may be added at an appropriate time during preparation of the fluid.
  • Concentrates according to the invention can be blended with a substantial amount of water to provide fire-resistant hydraulic fluids of improved lubricity and anti-wear characteristics, and of stable viscosity. Even though they have water concentrations in excess of 80%, by weight, the hydraulic fluids of this invention can be used effectively in systems containing vane pumps, and can replace standard hydraulic oils with reductions in cost.
  • the lubricant modifiers which may be used in the novel hydraulic fluids of this invention include water- immicsible liquids and also water-miscible or water-soluble or-dispersible liquids and mixtures of such liquids. These lubricant modifiers enhance the lubricating properties of the hydraulic fluids and also function as plasticizers to prevent the formation of tacky deposits in the hydraulic systems in which the hydraulic fluids are employed.
  • the water-miscible or water-dispersible fluids such as the alkylene glycols defined more fully hereinafter, at higher concentrations, improve the fluidity and low temperature properties of the hydraulic fluids.
  • the liquids which may be used as lubricant modifiers include such liquids as aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons; chlorinated hydrocarbons; mineral oils; silicone oils such as a dimethyl and methyl phenyl silicones; synthetic hydrocarbon oils; fatty materials such as vegetable oils, fish oils, fatty acids, fatty alcohols and fatty amines; condensation products of fatty acids and alkanolamines, which may be phosphate-modified; ethoxylated fatty amides; glycerides; ethoxylated fatty amines; ethoxylated vegetable oils; organic esters such as di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate or azelate, and trimethylolpropane tricaprylate; glycols and polyglycols; triaryl phosphate esters such as triisopropyl phenyl phosphate; and polyphenyl ethers.
  • One group of preferred lubricant modifiers are the synthetic hydrocarbon oils of lubricating viscosity. Normally such oils, will range in viscosity from 50 to 700 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) at 100°F (37.8°C).
  • Such synthetic hydrocarbon oils are normally prepared by polymerizing lower monoolefins in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as BF 3 or AICI 3 .
  • the lower olefins include, for example, ethylene, propylene and butylene.
  • Other synthetic hydrocarbon oils are poly alpha olefins and alkyl benzenes. Such synthetic hydrocarbon fluids have adequate fluidity at low temperatures.
  • the water-immiscible lubricant modifiers may comprise naturally occuring hydrocarbons such as mineral oils which may be either parafinic or naphthenic in nature. Such mineral oils should have a viscosity of from about 50 to 700 SUS at 100°F (37.8°C).
  • a preferred mineral oil for use in the hydraulic fluids of this invention is a light lubricating oil of the naphthenic type having a viscosity of 80 to 200 SUS at 100°F (37.8°C), a particularly preferred oil of this type having a viscosity of 100 to 150 SUS at 100°F (37.8°C).
  • Another group of preferred lubricant modifiers are the condensation products of fatty acids and alkanolamines. These products, which are water dispersible, may be prepared by reacting a fatty acid or fatty ester with an alkanolamine at temperatures on the order of 100° to 160°C. with removal of water of condensation or alcohol.
  • the mol ratio of fatty acid or ester to amine may be in the range of from 2:1 to 1:3.
  • a small amount, e.g. 0.01 to 0.05 mols, of phosphoric acid may be present during the reaction.
  • the fatty acids used in the preparation of the condensates generally should contain from 7 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and may be saturated or unsaturated, or a mixture of both.
  • fatty acids suitable for use in preparing the condensates include heptanoic, caprylic, pelargonic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and behenic acids.
  • a preferred fatty acid reactant is a mixture of stearic and oleic acids.
  • Alkanolamines which have been found useful in preparing the condensates include ethanolamine, isopropanolamine, N-methyl ethanolamine, diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, and triethanolamine.
  • a particularly preferred alkanolamine is diethanolamine.
  • Another group of preferred water-soluble/dispersible lubricant modifiers are the ethoxylated fatty amides, amines, alcohols and vegetable oils.
  • the alkyl group of these fatty materials generally should contain from 7 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Such alkyl groups include heptanoyl, caprylyl, nonanoyl, capryl, lauryl, myristyl, stearyl, oleyl and behenyl.
  • Such lubricant modifiers may comprise the fatty material derived from vegetable oils, such as, palmitic, coconut, castor, rapeseed, soya bean, corn, peanut or sunflower oil.
  • such fatty material may be derived from animal fat such as tallow, lard, fish oil and the like.
  • the degree of ethoxylation of these water soluble/dispersible lubricant modifiers should be from 1 to 20, preferably 4 to 6, moles of ethylene oxide to one mole of fatty amide, amine, alcohol or vegetable oil.
  • a preferred group of lubricant modifiers which are water-soluble are the alkylene and poly alkylene glycols having the formula RO(C,,H 2 nO) x H, where R is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 2 to 6 and x is an integer from 1 to 70.
  • the alkylene glycols include ethylene and propylene glycol and their higher homologs such as diethylene and dipropylene glycol.
  • the preferred alkylene glycol is ethylene glycol.
  • Suitable water miscible or water dispersible polyoxyalkylene glycols include polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene and poly(oxyethylene, oxypropylene) glycols having molecular weights of from about 200 to about 4000. These polyglycols may be uncapped or capped at the end by a lower alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The weight percent of the oxyethylene in the poly(oxyethylene, oxypropylene) glycols should be on the order of at least 20%.
  • a particular preferred polyglycol is the monobutyl ether of poly(oxyalkylene-oxy-1 ,2-propylene) glycol having a molecular weight of about 1500 to 4000.
  • suitable mixtures for use as lubricant modifiers there may be mentioned a mixture of a phosphate-modified condensation product of a fatty acid and a dialkanolamine, and a monobutyl ether of poly(oxyethylene-oxy-1,2-prpylene)glycol; a mixture of a polybutene, a polyglycol and a fatty alcohol; a mixture of a mineral oil, a fatty alcohol and a glycol; and a mixture of a fatty alcohol and a glycol.
  • the lubricant modifiers comprise at least 0.50% and less than 20%, by weight, of the hydraulic fluid.
  • Preferred hydraulic fluids of the invention contain on the order of 1.0 to 10% of lubricant modifier.
  • the polyether-based thickeners used in the hydraulic fluids of this invention are relatively high molecular weight (molecular weight of at least 7,000). They may be polyoxyalkylene compounds, also referred to herein as polyether polyols, and such compounds may be capped by means of an alpha olefin oxide.
  • the thickeners are water-soluble, or at least water-dispersible.
  • the preferred thickeners are the alpha olefin-capped polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers containing on the order of 20 to 35%, by weight of 1,2-propolyene oxide groups.
  • the polyether-based thickeners preferably used in the water-based hydraulic fluids of this invention are selected from two types of normally liquid polyether polyols. Each type is obtained by reacting ethylene oxide, at least one lower alkylene oxide having 3 or 4 carbon atoms, and an active hydrogen compound.
  • the active hydrogen compound is an aliphatic alcohol having two or more hydroxy groups in the molecule, i.e. a diol or polyol, while in the other type it is an aliphatic monohydric alcohol containing from 4 to 30, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms in the aliphatic group.
  • these polyether polyols which may be heteric or block copolymers, may be capped by reaction with an alpha olefin oxide having 12 to 30, preferably 12 to 18, aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • those thickeners in which the active hydrogen compound is a diol or polyol may be used in uncapped form, provided they have a sufficiently high molecular weight.
  • uncapped polyether polyols must have a molecular weight of at least 7,000 and may have a molecular weight as high as 75,000.
  • Preferred uncapped polyether polyols of this type have a molecular weight of from about 10,000 to 30,000.
  • the molecular weight thereof should be on the order of 7,000 to 15,000, preferably about 12,000 to 14,000.
  • the weight percent of ethylene oxide groups should be on the order of 25% to 80%.
  • the copolymers contain 20 to 35% of 1,2-propylene oxide groups.
  • the diols used as the active hydrogen compound in the reaction may be glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and higher glycols.
  • the diols may also contain oxyalkylene groups.
  • Typical of the polyols which may be used as active hydrogen compounds are glycerol, polyglycerol and trimethylol propane.
  • the polyether polyols which contain a diol or polyol may either be used as such, or capped with an alpha olefin oxide.
  • a substantially lesser amount of the capped polyol, whether including a diol or polyol or an aliphatic monohydric alcohol as the active hydrogen-containing compound, as compared to an uncapped polyol could be used to provide a hydraulic fluid of a given viscosity.
  • 4.8 parts by weight of a capped thickener were found to provide a hydraulic fluid with a viscosity of only 190-200 SUS at 100°F. (37.8°C), as compared to a viscosity of only 75-80 SUS using 12.5 parts of an uncapped thickener (cf. Examples I and II infra).
  • the alpha olefin oxides utilized to modify or cap the polyether polyols are those containing 12 to 30, preferably 12 to 18 aliphatic carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
  • the amount of alpha olefin oxide required to obtain the desired thickeners is 1 to 20%, by weight of the total weight of the capped thickeners.
  • the capping reaction is carried out by adding the alpha olefin oxide to the polyether polyol, a liquid, and heating the mixture to a temperature of about 50° to 90°C. for about 1 to 2 hours, depending upon batch size. Before addition of alpha olefin oxide, it is desirable to render the polyether polyol as anhydrous as possible.
  • a second type of preferred thickener is those heteric or block copolymers of ethylene oxide, a lower alkylene oxide and an active hydrogen compound, which preferably is an aliphatic monohydroxy alcohol containing 4 to 30, preferably 12 to 18 aliphatic carbon atoms, capped with an alpha olefin oxide which also contains 12 to 30 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • active hydrogen compound preferably is an aliphatic monohydroxy alcohol containing 4 to 30, preferably 12 to 18 aliphatic carbon atoms, capped with an alpha olefin oxide which also contains 12 to 30 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • Typical of the preferred monohydric alcohols for reaction with ethylene oxide and a lower alkylene oxide are butyl alcohol, capryl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol.
  • the reaction is carried out using well known alkaline oxyalkylation catalysts, for example, strong bases such as sodium and potassium hydroxides.
  • the reaction can be carried out in the presence of an inert organic solvent, examples of which include aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as hexane and heptane; aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene and toluene; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as ethylene dichloride, and the like.
  • Reaction temperatures are as stated above, i.e. on the order of 50° to 160°C.
  • polyether polyols in which the active hydrogen compound is an aliphatic monohydric alcohol may be capped with an alpha olefin oxide as described herein above.
  • the molecular weight of the latter discussed capped thickeners should be in the range of about 7,000 to 15,000, preferably 12,000 to 14,000.
  • polyether polyols which may be capped to provide thickeners according to this invention and methods for their preparation are disclosed in US-A-2,425,755, 3,036,118, 3,595,924, 3,706,714, and 3,829,505; and GB-A-950,844 and 1,228,561.
  • the thickeners comprise from 1.5 to 15%, by weight, the amount depending upon the particular thickener employed and the viscosity which is desired for the hydraulic fluid.
  • the capped thickeners have greater thickening power than do the uncapped thickeners.
  • lesser amounts of the capped thickeners can be used to provide the hydraulic fluids of the invention with a desired viscosity.
  • the hydraulic fluids contain on the average of 2 to 6% of capped thickener or 10 to 15% of uncapped thickener, by weight.
  • the hydraulic fluids will have viscosities in the range of 50 to 200 SUS at 100°F (37.8°C).
  • Useful dispersing agents for inclusion in the hydraulic fluids of this invention are reaction products of an alkenyl succinic anhydride (or acid) with water-soluble active hydrogen compounds, an example of which is dialkyl alkanolamine. These dispersing agents are particularly effective in dispersing oil-soluble extreme pressure (EP) additives, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, in the aqueous fluid where it can act as an anti-wear constituent and provide EP properties.
  • EP extreme pressure
  • the alkenyl succinic anhydride (or acid) with which the active hydrogen compound is reacted may be prepared by reacting maleic anhydride with a long chain alpha olefin by conventional procedures.
  • the olefin may be reacted with maleic anhydride (or acid) at temperatures of 1500-250°C., the amount of olefin used being at least the stoichiometric equivalent of the maleic anhydride reactant.
  • a preferred olefin reaction product is a polyisobutene of sufficient chain length to provide the succinic anhydride reaction product with a molecular weight on the order of 500 to 2000, desirably about 800 to 2,000, preferably about 800 to 1200, a molecular weight of about 1,000 being particularly preferred.
  • the alkenyl succinic anhydride or acid may have from 16 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkenyl group.
  • the other reactant is an active hydrogen compound and may be an alkyl alkanolamine having the formula
  • R is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 8 to 24 carbon atoms
  • R' is hydrogen, (C 2 H 4 0) x H or (C 3 H 6 0) x H
  • R" is R or R'
  • x is an integer of from 1 to 50.
  • a particularly preferred alkyl alkanolamine reactant is diethylethanolamine.
  • R" ' is an alkyl group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms
  • Riv is or SR" '
  • Rv is R' or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms
  • y is an integer from 3 to 10.
  • R" ' is a C a to C 9 alkyl group and y is 5.
  • the alkenyl succinic anhydride (or acid) is reacted with the active hydrogen compound at a temperature of about 50° to 250°C., preferably 60° to 150°C. for a time sufficient to form the desired reaction product, usually from 1 to 6 hours.
  • the relative amounts of anhydride and active hydrogen compound can vary somewhat, but preferably two mols of such compound are used with each mol of anhydride to ensure complete reaction of the anhydride.
  • the dispersing agent may be an ester of an alkenyl succinic anhydride or acid and either an ethoxylated fatty alcohol or an ethoxylated fatty amine.
  • the hydraulic fluids of the invention contain from 1.25 to 5.0%, preferably 1.25 to 3%, of the dispersing agent in order to ensure proper dispersion of the EP additive and other water-insoluble constituents in the aqueous phase of the hydraulic fluid and give good (low) wear loss results.
  • the extreme pressure (EP) additives used in hydraulic fluids of the invention are diallyl or diaryl dithiophosphates or dithiocarbamates. They may have the respective formulae where Rv is an alkyl group containing from 4 to 16, preferably 4 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl or naphthyl, and X is hydrogen, an amine, ammonium, a substituted ammonium compound, a metal of Groups I and II of the Periodic Table, i.e.
  • alkali metals such as sodium, potassium or lithium, alkaline earth metals, usually magnesium or calcium, and the Group II transition metals, particularly zinc, which is preferred, or manganese, antimony, or M 02 S 2 0 2 , and a is an integer of from 1 to 2.
  • the dithiophosphates may be prepared by reacting an alcohol with phosphorus pentasulfide at a temperature of from 40°-120°C. for a period of 1 to 4 hours.
  • Typical alcohols which may be used in the reaction are such normal alcohols as n-butyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-decyl and n-dodecyl alcohol.
  • Suitable branched chain alcohols include 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and 2,2-dimethyl-1-octanol.
  • An organic or inorganic base may be reacted with the dithiophosphate to form the EP additives for inclusion in the hydraulic fluid.
  • Ashless dithiophosphates may be obtained by reaction with non-metallic bases such as amines, ammonia and substituted ammonium compounds. Reaction with metal oxides or hydroxides produces ashing dithiophosphates which usually are preferred by reason of their properties.
  • the metals most usually used are those of Groups I and II of the Periodic Table, i.e. the alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, the alkaline earth metals, usually magnesium or calcium, and the Group 11 transition metals, particularly zinc, which is especially preferred.
  • the metal is generally used in the form of its oxide or hydroxide for reaction with dithiophosphoric acid.
  • the reaction between the dithiophosphoric acid and the base is usually conducted at a temperature of 75°-150°C. over a period of 1-4 hours.
  • the EP additive is present in the hydraulic fluids of the invention in an amount of from 0.5 to 1.25%, preferably 0.5 to 0.75%, by weight of the fluid, in order to ensure good(low) wear loss results.
  • the dithiocarbamates are well known compounds and generally may be obtained by reaction of suitable amine and carbon disulfide.
  • the hydraulic fluids of the invention may also contain other materials such as emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers,-coupling agents, and the like.
  • Suitable emulsifiers include those having a Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) in the range of 3 to 20 (see Chapter 1 of the HLB System published by ICI United States, Inc. (1976)).
  • HLB Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance
  • examples of such emulsifiers are ethoxylated alkyl phenols or alkyl amines in which the alkyl groups contain from 14 to 24 carbon atoms and the number of ethoxy groups varies from 3 to 10.
  • Long chain, e.g. C e -C, 8 alcohols can also be used as co-emulsifiers.
  • the hydraulic fluid may contain up to 1.5% of such an emulsifier, preferred amounts of emulsifier being from 0.45 to 1.2%, by weight.
  • Small amounts, e.g. up to 0.5% by weight, of various silicone defoamers may be present in the hydraulic fluid, as well as small amounts, e.g. up to 0.1 % by weight, of various corrosion inhibitors, such as benzotriazole and tolutriazole.
  • various corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole and tolutriazole.
  • Freezing point depressants such as ethylene glycol, if not present as the lubricant modifier, may be included in the hydraulic fluids in amounts sufficient to lower the freezing point to prevent freezing of the fluids at those temperatures encountered in use.
  • a water-dilutable concentrate from which the hydraulic fluid may be prepared merely by addition of an appropriate amount of water.
  • Such a concentrate may have the composition given in TABLE I, below.
  • the oil-soluble lubricant modifier, if present, dispersing agent and EP additive may be mixed together and heated at a temperature of from about 130° to 150°F. (54.4°-65.6°C.) for 30 ⁇ 45 minutes.
  • Various of the optional additives such as the corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, emulsifiers, etc. may be added to the water-miscible lubricant modifier, when present, which is heated to about 150 0- 160°F. (65.5°-71.1°C.). Otherwise such optional additives may be added directly to the mixture containing the oil soluble lubricant modifier and EP additive.
  • the two mixtures can then be combined in the absence of heat, water added, and the mixture blended for 45-60 minutes to form a translucent fluid containing 35-45% water.
  • This mixture can then be combined with an appropriate amount of thickener and water to provide a hydraulic fluid of the desired water content, 80% or more, and viscosity.
  • Examples I, III and V describe hydraulic fluids having concentrations of dispersing agent and extreme pressure additive below the ranges specified for those ingredients in accordance with the invention and are included for comparative purposes.
  • the wear loss results reported for such fluids in Examples II, IV and VI are worse (higher) than those reported in Examples VIII and XI ⁇ XIII for the hydraulic fluids of Examples VII and X, which are within the scope of the invention.
  • a hydraulic fluid of the present invention having the composition set forth in TABLE II was prepared by the method hereinbelow described:
  • component (a) 23.3 parts by weight of component (a), 18.0 parts of component (b), and 7.5 parts of component (c), were mixed and heated to 130 0- 150°F. (54.4°-65.6°C.) for 30-45 minutes.
  • component (g) 23.3 parts by weight of component (a), 18.0 parts of component (b), and 7.5 parts of component (c), were mixed and heated to 130 0- 150°F. (54.4°-65.6°C.) for 30-45 minutes.
  • component (g) 1.2 parts of the additives, component (g), were dissolved in 10.0 parts of component (d) which has been heated to 150° ⁇ 160°F (66°-71°C).
  • the two mixtures were combined; the heat was shut off, and water was added in an amount such that the water comprised 40% by weight of the final mixture.
  • the resulting batch was blended for 45-60 minutes to obtain a uniformly translucent liquid.
  • the resulting hydraulic fluid has an initial viscosity of 75-80 SUS at 100°F. (37.8°C).
  • a hydraulic fluid of the present invention having the composition set forth in TABLE IV was prepared by the method hereinbelow described:
  • component (a) 23.3 parts by weight of component (a), 18.0 parts of component (b), and 7.5 parts of component (c), were mixed and heated to 130°-150°F (54.4° ⁇ 65.6°C.). for 30-45 minutes.
  • component (g) 23.3 parts by weight of component (a), 18.0 parts of component (b), and 7.5 parts of component (c), were mixed and heated to 130°-150°F (54.4° ⁇ 65.6°C.). for 30-45 minutes.
  • component (g) dissolved in 10.0 parts of component (d) which has been heated to 150°-160°F (65.6°-71.1°C.).
  • the two mixtures were combined; the heat was shut off, and water was added in an amount such that the water comprised 40% by weight of the final mixture.
  • the resulting batch was blended for 45 ⁇ 60 minutes to obtain a uniformly translucent liquid.
  • a hydraulic fluid of the present invention having the composition set forth in TABLE VI was prepared by the method hereinbelow described:
  • component (a) and 16.0 parts of component (b) were mixed and heated to 130 0- 150°F. (54.4°-65.6°C.) for 45-60 minutes. The heat was shut off and 6.7 parts of component (c) and 7.5 parts of component (g) were added, and the mixture was blended for 30-45 minutes. 0.9 parts of the additive, component (f), were dissolved in 4.5 parts of component (h) which had been heated to 150°-160°F. (65.6°-71.1°C).
  • the two mixtures were combined. Water was added in an amount such that the water comprised 43.2% by weight of the final mixture. The resulting batch was blended for 45-60 minutes to obtain a uniformly translucent liquid.
  • the resulting hydraulic fluid has an initial viscosity of 150-250 SUS at 100°F. (37.8°C).
  • Example V The hydraulic fluid of Example V was subjected to the following pump test using the same type of test pump and the same test conditions as in Example IV, TABLE V.
  • a hydraulic fluid of the present invention having the composition set forth in TABLE VIII was prepared by the method hereinbelow described:
  • component (a), 10.0 parts of component (b), and 5.0 parts of component (c), were mixed and heated to 130°-150°F. (54.4°-65.6°C.) for 30-45 minutes.
  • component (g) 12.5 parts of component (a), 10.0 parts of component (b), and 5.0 parts of component (c) were mixed and heated to 130°-150°F. (54.4°-65.6°C.) for 30-45 minutes.
  • component (g) 0.6 parts of the additives, component (g), were dissolved in 21.9 parts of component (d) which has been heated to 150°-160°F (65.6°-71.1°C.)
  • the two mixtures were combined; the heat was shut off, and water was added in an amount such that the water comprised 50% by weight of the final mixture.
  • the resulting batch was blended for 45-60 minutes to obtain a uniformly translucent liquid.
  • Example V The hydraulic fluid of Example V was subjected to the following pump test:
  • a hydraulic fluid of the present invention having the composition set forth on Table XI was prepared by the method herein below described:
  • component (a) and 14.0 parts of component (b) were mixed and heated to 130°-150°F (54°-66°C) for 45-60 minutes. The heat was shut off and 11.0 parts of component (c) and 10.0 parts of component (d) were added, and the mixture was blended for 30-45 minutes.
  • 0.3 parts of benzotriazole were dissolved in 6.5 parts of component (e) which have been heated to 150° ⁇ 160°F (66°-71°C). The two mixtures were combined. 10.7 parts of water were added, and the mixture was blended for 45-60 minutes to obtain a uniformly transparent liquid.
  • Example X The hydraulic fluid of Example X was subjected to pump tests using the same type of pump and the same conditions as in Example IV, Table V, except for duration of the tests. The results of these tests are set forth in Table XII, below.
  • Example X The hydraulic fluid of Example X was subjected to the following pump tests, and the test conditions used and results obtained are set forth in Table XIII, below:
  • Example X The hydraulic fluid of Example X was subjected to pump tests using the same type of pump and the same conditions as in Example IX, Table X except for duration of the tests, and the results obtained are set forth in Table XIV, below:

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Abstract

Fluide hydraulique à base d'eau destiné à être utilisé dans des systèmes hydrauliques industriels comportant 1) un épaississant à base de polyéther, 2) un modificateur lubrifiant, 3) un dispersant, 4) un additif d'extrême pression (EP) et 5) de l'eau. L'épaississant est de préférence un polyéther polyol coiffé d'un oxyde d'alpha oléfine; le modificateur lubrifiant est une combinaison d'une huile d'hydrocarbure, d'un alcool gras et d'un glycol; le dispersant est le produit de réaction d'un anhydride succinique d'alcénile et d'une alcanolamine de dialcoyle; l'additif d'extrême pression (EP) est un dithiophosphate de dialcoyle.

Claims (29)

1. Fluide hydraulique à base d'eau à forte teneur en phase aqueuse sous forme d'une émulsion huile dans l'eau comprenant (1) de 1,5 à 15% d'un épaississant à base de polyéther ayant une masse moléculaire d'au moins 7 000, (2) au moins 0,5% d'un modificateur de lubrification, (3) de 1,25 à 5,0% d'un agent dispersant qui est le produit de réaction d'un anhydride ou d'un acide alcénylsuccinique et d'un composé à hydrogène actif hydrosoluble, (4) de 0,5 à 1,25% d'un additif extrême-pression comprenant un dialkyl- ou diaryldithiophosphate, ou un dialkyl- ou diaryldithiocarbamate, et (5) au moins 80% d'eau, lesdits pourcentages étant en poids par rapport au poids total du fluide.
2. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit épaississant comprend un polyétherpolyol préparé par réaction d'oxyde d'éthylène et d'au moins un oxyde d'alkylène inférieur comportant 3 ou 4 atomes de carbone avec au moins un initiateur de composé à hydrogène actif pour préparer un hétérocopolymère ou copolymère séquencé, suivie de la réaction dudit copolymère avec au moins un oxyde d'alpha-oléfine, ledit polyol ayant une masse moléculaire de 7 000 à 15 000.
3. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit composé à hydrogène actif est un diol ou un polyol.
4. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit composé à hydrogène actif est un monoalcool aliphatique contenant de 4 à 30 atomes de carbone.
5. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit épaississant comprend un polyétherpolyol préparé par réaction d'un diol ou d'un polyol, d'oxyde d'ethylène et d'au moins un oxyde d'alkylène inférieur comportant 3 ou 4 atomes de carbone, pour former un hétérocopolymère ou copolymère séquencé, ledit copolymère ayant une masse moléculaire de 7 000 à 75 000.
6. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit épaississant comprend un polyétherpolyol préparé par réaction d'oxyde d'éthylène et d'oxyde de propylène avec un glycol ou un polyol inférieur pour former un copolymère séquencé, suivie de la réaction dudit copolymère avec un oxyde d'alpha-oléfine contenant de 12 à 30 atomes de carbone aliphatiques, ledit polyéther ayant une masse moléculaire de 7 000 à 15 000.
7. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ledit épaississant comprend un polyéther préparé par réaction d'oxyde d'éthylène, d'oxyde de propylène et d'un alcool aliphatique contenant 12 à 18 atomes de carbone aliphatiques, pour former un copolymère séquencé, suivie de la réaction dudit copolymère avec un oxyde d'alpha-oléfine contenant de 12 à 30 atomes de carbone aliphatiques, ledit polyéther ayant une masse moléculaire de 7 000 à 15 000.
8. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ledit glycol ou polyol inférieur est l'éthylèneglycol.
9. Fluide hydraulique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel ledit modificateur de lubrification est choisi parmi les hydrocarbures aliphatiques, les hydrocarbures cycloaliphatiques, les hydrocarbures aromatiques, les hydrocarbures chlorés, les huiles minérales, les huiles de silicone, les huiles hydrocarbonées synthétiques, les glycérides, les huiles végétales, les huiles de poisson, les acides gras, les alcools gras, les amines grasses, les produits de condensation d'acides gras et d'alcanolamines, les produits de condensation modifiés au phosphate d'acides gras et d'alcanolamines, les amines grasses éthoxylées, les glycols, les polyglycols, les huiles végétales éthoxylées, les amides gras éthoxylés, les esters organiques, les esters triarylphosphates et les polyphényléthers, et leurs mélanges.
10. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 9, dans lequel lediot modificateur de lubrification comprend un polybutène ayant une viscosiuté d'environ 400 SUS à 100°F (37,8°C).
11. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ledit modificateur de lubrification est un produit de condensation modifiée au phosphate d'un acide gras et d'une dialcanolamine.
12. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ledit modificateur de lubrification est une huile lubrifiante légère de type naphténique ayant une viscosité d'environ 100 SUS à 100°F (37,8°C).
13. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ledit modificateur de lubrification est l'éthylèneglycol.
14. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ledit modificateur de lubrification est un éther monobutylique de poly(oxyéthylène-oxy-1,2-propylène)glycol ayant une masse moléculaire d'environ 1 500 à 4 000.
15. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ledit modificateur de lubrification comprend un mélange d'un produit de condensation modifié au phosphate d'un acide gras et d'une dialcanolamine, et un éther monobutylique de poly(oxyéthylène-oxy-1,2-propylène)glycol.
16. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ledit modificateur de lubrification comprend un mélange d'un polybutène, d'un polyglycol et d'un alcool gras.
17. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ledit modificateur de lubrification comprend un mélange d'une huile minérale, d'un alcool gras et d'un glycol.
18. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ledit modificateur de lubrification comprend un mélange d'un alcool gras et d'un glycol.
19. Fluide hydraulique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, dans lequel ledit agent dispersant comprend le produit de réaction d'un anhydride ou d'un acide alcénylsuccinique et d'une alkylalcanolamine de formule
Figure imgb0038
dans laquelle R est un hydrogène ou un groupe alkyle contenant de 8 à 24 atomes de carbone, R' est un hydrogène, (C2H40).H ou (C3H60)aXH, R" est R ou R' et x est un nombre entier de 1 à 50, ledit produit de réaction ayant une masse moléculaire d'environ 800 à 2000.
20. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 19, dans lequel ledit agent dispersant comprend le produit de réaction d'anhydride pofyisobutényisuccinique ayant une masse moléculaire d'environ 1 000 et de diéthyléthanolamine.
21. Fluide hydraulique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, dans lequel ledit agent dispersant est un ester d'un anhydride ou d'un acide alcénylsuccinique et d'un alcool gras éthoxylé.
22. Fluide hydraulique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, dans lequel ledit agent dispersant est un ester d'un anhydride ou d'un acide alcénylsuccinique et d'une amine grasse éthoxylée.
23. Fluide hydraulique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, dans lequel ledit agent dispersant est le produit de réaction d'un anhydride ou d'un acide alcénylsuccinique et d'un composé de formule
Figure imgb0039
Figure imgb0040
or
Figure imgb0041
où Z est (C2H40) ou (C3H60), R" ' est un groupe alkyle contenant de 8 à 20 atomes de carbone, Riv est
Figure imgb0042
ou SR" ', Rv est R' ou un groupe alkyle contenant de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone, et y est un nombre entier de 3 à 10.
24. Fluide hydraulique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 23, dans lequel ledit additif extrême-pression répond à la formule
Figure imgb0043
dans laquelle R" est un groupe alkyle contenant de 4 à 16 atomes de carbone ou est un groupe phényle ou naphtyle, X est un hydrogène, une amine, un ammonium ou un ammonium substitué, un sodium, un potassium, un lithium, un calcium, un magnésium, un manganèse ou un zinc, et a est égal à 1 ou 2.
25. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 24, dans lequel ledit additif extrême-pression est un dialkyldithiophosphate de zinc.
26. Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 24, dans lequel ledit additif extrême-pression est un dialkyldithiophosphate de zinc dans lequel les groupes alkyle contiennent de 4 à 10 atomes de carbone.
27. Fluide hydraulique à base d'eau à forte teneur en phase aqueuse sous forme d'une émulsion huile dans l'eau comprenant (1) de 2 à 6% d'un épaississant comprenant un polyétherpolyol préparé par réaction d'oxyde d'éthylène, d'oxyde de propylène et d'un glycol ou d'un polyol inférieur pour former un copolymère séquencé, suivie de la réaction dudit copolymère séquencé avec un oxyde d'alpha-oléfine contenant de 12 à 18 atomes de carbone aliphatiques, ledit polyéther ayant une masse moléculaire d'environ 12 000 à environ 14 000, (2) de 1 à 10% d'un modificateur de lubrification, (3) de 1,25 à 3% d'un agent dispersant comprenant le produit de réaction d'anhydride polyisobuténylsuccinique et de diéthyléthanolamine, ledit produit de réaction ayant une masse moléculaire d'environ 1 000, (4) de 0,5 à 0,75% d'un dialkyldithiophosphate de zinc dans lequel les groupes alkyle contiennent de 4 à 10 atomes de carbone, et (5) d'eau pour le reste, lesdits pourcentages étant en poids par rapport au poids total du fluide, ledit fluide contenant au moins 80% d'eau.
28. Concentré pour former un fluide hydraulique à base d'eau à forte teneur en phase aqueuse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 26, en y ajoutant de l'eau, ledit concentré comprenant (1) de 5 à 20% de l'épaississant à base de polyéther, (2) de 5 à 40% du modificateur de lubrification, (3) de 5 à 20% de l'agent dispersant, (4) de 1 à 10% de l'additif extrême-pression et (5) de l'eau pour le reste, lesdits pourcentages étant en poids par rapport au poids total du fluide.
29. Concentré pour former un fluide hydraulique à base d'eau à forte teneur en phase aqueuse selon la revendication 27, en y ajoutant de l'eau, comprenant (1) de 12 à 18% de l'épaississant, (2) de 10 à 20% du modificateur de lubrification, (3) de 10 à 15% de l'agent dispersant, (4) de 2 à 6% d'un dialkyldithiophosphate de zinc dans lequel les groupes alkyle contiennent de 4 à 10 atomes de carbone et (5) de l'eau pour le reste, lesdits pourcentages étant en poids par rapport au poids total du fluide.
EP84902420A 1983-06-29 1984-06-08 Fluide hydraulique a base d'eau Expired - Lifetime EP0148215B1 (fr)

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US06/508,831 US4481125A (en) 1982-05-03 1983-06-29 Water-based hydraulic fluid
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JP5394691B2 (ja) 2008-08-22 2014-01-22 出光興産株式会社 水溶性金属加工油剤および金属加工用クーラント
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GB2152529B (en) 1986-11-19
EP0148215A4 (fr) 1986-09-23
WO1985000182A1 (fr) 1985-01-17
BR8406955A (pt) 1985-06-04
AU3064684A (en) 1985-01-25
GB8503919D0 (en) 1985-03-20
GB2152529A (en) 1985-08-07
EP0148215A1 (fr) 1985-07-17
IT1177846B (it) 1987-08-26
AU555383B1 (en) 1986-09-18
DE3484057D1 (de) 1991-03-07
JPH0794673B2 (ja) 1995-10-11
IT8448470A0 (it) 1984-06-28
KR850000516A (ko) 1985-02-27
JPS60501657A (ja) 1985-10-03
CA1242431A (fr) 1988-09-27
KR910010135B1 (ko) 1991-12-17

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