EP0143415B2 - Two-stage pelletizing apparatus - Google Patents

Two-stage pelletizing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0143415B2
EP0143415B2 EP84113947A EP84113947A EP0143415B2 EP 0143415 B2 EP0143415 B2 EP 0143415B2 EP 84113947 A EP84113947 A EP 84113947A EP 84113947 A EP84113947 A EP 84113947A EP 0143415 B2 EP0143415 B2 EP 0143415B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
die
plate
press rolls
pellets
pelletizing apparatus
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP84113947A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0143415A2 (en
EP0143415B1 (en
EP0143415A3 (en
Inventor
Volker Benson
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Blohm and Voss GmbH
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Blohm and Voss GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Blohm and Voss GmbH filed Critical Blohm and Voss GmbH
Priority to AT84113947T priority Critical patent/ATE41356T1/en
Publication of EP0143415A2 publication Critical patent/EP0143415A2/en
Publication of EP0143415A3 publication Critical patent/EP0143415A3/en
Publication of EP0143415B1 publication Critical patent/EP0143415B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0143415B2 publication Critical patent/EP0143415B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/228—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using pressing means, e.g. rollers moving over a perforated die plate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pelletizing device which is intended in particular for the production of pellets from coarse, long-fiber or similar material.
  • a pelletizing device the material is first comminuted and mixed, similar to a pan mill, before it is then extruded through through holes as pellet strands (US-A -2 205 328, DE-A-2 002 638).
  • material is also pelletized which, due to its shape or composition, is difficult for the press rolls to grasp or which requires a lengthy comminution and mixing before it can be pressed into the through holes.
  • this material also includes, for example, straw, large dried leaves, treated and untreated parts of plants, paper, wood waste, etc.
  • the properties of such material can result in the treatment between the press rolls and the die taking a relatively long time and the throughput of one Pelletizing device becomes small as a whole or only temporarily.
  • a two-stage pelletizing device is known (EP-A-49025), in which two matrices are arranged one above the other, the upper die having large through holes and the lower die having smaller through holes.
  • the known pelletizing device is not suitable for being able to process even difficult material with high throughput.
  • the device according to the invention has two matrices arranged one above the other, each with associated press rolls, the upper die being provided with relatively large through-holes from which loose pellet strands emerge, which then fall onto the lower die and are further comminuted to the pellets of the desired type here be expelled.
  • Two common cylindrical press rolls run on the upper die.
  • Two to four tapered press rolls are preferred for the lower die.
  • the first stage has very good throughput.
  • the material discharged from the first stage is further shredded and then pressed into the narrower through holes, where solidification takes place due to friction on the walls, so that pellets are produced which meet the usual requirements.
  • the two pan heads are arranged on a rotatable vertical shaft.
  • the pressure of each group of press rolls is set separately.
  • a lower die 10 with conical press rollers 11 on a lower pan head 13 and an upper die 20 with cylindrical press rollers 21 on a pan head 23 are arranged on a vertical shaft 30, which extends vertically from a gear housing 1.
  • the matrices 10, 20 are by z. B. columns 2 supported.
  • the two stages of the device are covered by protective hoods 3.
  • a collecting space 5 Arranged under the lower die 10 is a collecting space 5 which receives the pellets produced and in which a device for ejecting can be arranged, which is not shown.
  • the pan heads 13, 23 are pressed against the matrices by pressing means 15, 25.
  • the upper press rollers 21 are freely rotatably mounted on the upper pan head 23 by means of axes 24 and are rotated by the friction on the die or on the material to be processed lying on the die.
  • the lower press rollers 11 rotate about axes 14 which are fastened in the lower pan head 13.
  • the axes 14 are inclined according to the cone angle of the press rollers 11.
  • the upper die 20 has through holes 22 of relatively large diameter. They are used in particular to discharge the pre-shredded material from the first stage through the die 20 into the second stage. A possible compression of the material in the through holes 22 is of secondary importance, since the pellets dispensed in the second stage on the die 10 are destroyed again by the press rollers 11. This involves further shredding and mixing of the material.
  • the material is then pressed under the high pressure of the press rollers 11 into and through the entry openings of the through holes 12.
  • the material is further solidified and compressed in the through holes 12, so that pellet strands are extruded with the smaller diameter of the through holes 12.
  • the strands break into individual pellets or are cut to predetermined lengths by a cutting device (not shown).
  • the thickness of the lower die 10 is greater than that of the upper die 20 by relatively long pressing distances.
  • the diameter and length of the upper and lower through holes are coordinated with one another in such a way that the amount of the pre-comminuted and pre-compacted material, which averages through the upper Holes 22 passes, is not greater than the amount that is ejected through the lower holes 12.
  • the illustrated device can be modified in various ways. For example, it can be advantageous to provide the upper press rollers with teeth that engage teeth on the upper die.
  • pan heads are on a fixed central column and to rotatably support the matrices thereon and to provide them with drive devices on their outer circumference.
  • the dies or their perforations and the cylindrical or conical, optionally toothed press rolls that interact with them must be selected.
  • a two-stage pelletization can also be advantageous with easy-to-treat material in order to achieve a high throughput with good mixing.
  • the treatment in the first stage leads to the fact that fine particles, dust and any liquids that separate out during the comminution are distributed in the discharged loose pellets and remain bound until the material is processed again in the second stage becomes.
  • an electric heater can heat the die to the working temperature at least when the device is started, and the heat generated during operation by friction and pressure can be partially dissipated by cooling water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Die Bonding (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Abstract

1. A pelletizing apparatus in which press rolls (11) disposed freely rotatable on a runner head (13) turn by the rotation of the runner head (13) relative to a die-plate (10) on the planar, punched die-plate (10), characterized in that the pelletizing apparatus is of two-stage design, in that two die-plates (10, 20) with the press rolls (11, 21) running thereon are disposed one above the other and in that the upper die-plate (20) has great passage holes (22) for loose strands of pellets of precrushed material, and that the lower die-plate (10) has smaller passage holes (12) which correspond to the dimensions and the compression of the pellets to be produced.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Pelletiervorrichtung die insbesondere für die Herstellung von Pellets aus grobstückigem langfaserigem oderähnlichem Material vorgesehen ist in einer Pelletiervorrichtung wird das Material ähnlich wie in einem Kollergang zunächst zerkleinert und vermischt, ehe es dann durch Durchgangslöcher als Pelletsstränge extrudiert wird (US-A-2 205 328, DE-A-2 002 638).The invention relates to a pelletizing device which is intended in particular for the production of pellets from coarse, long-fiber or similar material. In a pelletizing device, the material is first comminuted and mixed, similar to a pan mill, before it is then extruded through through holes as pellet strands (US-A -2 205 328, DE-A-2 002 638).

Es wird heute auch Material pelletiert, das wegen seiner Form oder Zusammensetzung nur schwer von den Preßrollen erfaßt wird oder einer längeren Zerkleinerung und Mischung bedarf, ehe es in die Durchgangslöcher eingedrückt werden kann. Zu diesem Material gehören neben Hausmüll beispielsweise auch Stroh, große getrocknete Blätter, behandelte und unbehandelte Teile von Pflanzen, Papiere, Holzabfälle usw. Die Eigenschaften derartigen Materials können dazu führen, daß die Behandlung zwischen den Preßrollen und der Matrize verhältnismäßig lange dauert und der Durchsatz einer Pelletiereinrichtung insgesamt oder nur zeitweise klein wird. Es ist eine zweistufige Pelletiervorrichtung bekannt (EP-A-49025), bei welcher zwei Matrizen übereinander angeordnet sind, wobei die obere Matrize große Durchgangslöcher und die untere Matrize kleinere Durchgangslöcher besitzt. Die bekannte Pelletiervorrichtung ist jedoch nicht geeignet, um auch schwieriges Material bei hohem Durchsatz verarbeiten zu können.Nowadays, material is also pelletized which, due to its shape or composition, is difficult for the press rolls to grasp or which requires a lengthy comminution and mixing before it can be pressed into the through holes. In addition to domestic waste, this material also includes, for example, straw, large dried leaves, treated and untreated parts of plants, paper, wood waste, etc. The properties of such material can result in the treatment between the press rolls and the die taking a relatively long time and the throughput of one Pelletizing device becomes small as a whole or only temporarily. A two-stage pelletizing device is known (EP-A-49025), in which two matrices are arranged one above the other, the upper die having large through holes and the lower die having smaller through holes. However, the known pelletizing device is not suitable for being able to process even difficult material with high throughput.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Pelletiereinrichtung so auszubilden, daß in ihr auch schwierig zu verarbeitendes Material aufbereitet und behandelt werden kann, ohne daß die Menge der herstellbaren Pellets reduziert werden muß.It is therefore an object of the present invention to design a pelletizing device in such a way that material which is difficult to process can be prepared and treated therein without the amount of pellets which can be produced having to be reduced.

Die Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung weist zwei übereinander angeordnete Matrizen mit jeweils zugeordneten Preßwalzen, wobei die obere Matrize mit verhältnismäßig großen Durchgangslöchern versehen ist, aus denen lockere Pelletstränge austreten, die danach auf die untere Matrize fallen und hier zu den Pellets der gewünschten Art weiter zerkleinert und ausgestoßen werden. Auf der oberen Matrize laufen zwei übliche zylindrische Pressrollen. Für die untere Matrize werden zwei bis vier kegelförmige Pressrollen bevorzugt. Auf der oberen Matrize erfolgt im wesentlichen eine Grobzerkleinerung und die in die Durchgangslöcher eingedrückten Stränge brauchen in diesen nicht sonderlich verfestigt zu werden. Hierdurch besitzt die erste Stufe eine sehr gute Durchgangsleistung. Auf der unteren Matrize wird das aus der ersten Stufe abgegebene Material weiterzerkleinert und danach in die engeren Durchgangslöchereingedrückt, wo durch Reibung an den Wänden eine Verfestigung stattfindet, so daß Pellets erzeugt werden, die den üblichen Anforderungen entsprechen.The device according to the invention has two matrices arranged one above the other, each with associated press rolls, the upper die being provided with relatively large through-holes from which loose pellet strands emerge, which then fall onto the lower die and are further comminuted to the pellets of the desired type here be expelled. Two common cylindrical press rolls run on the upper die. Two to four tapered press rolls are preferred for the lower die. There is essentially a rough crushing on the upper die and the strands pressed into the through holes do not need to be particularly solidified in them. As a result, the first stage has very good throughput. On the lower die, the material discharged from the first stage is further shredded and then pressed into the narrower through holes, where solidification takes place due to friction on the walls, so that pellets are produced which meet the usual requirements.

Die beiden Kollerköpfe werden an einer drehbaren Königswelle angeordnet. Der Pressdruck jeder Gruppe von Pressrollen wird gesondert eingestellet.The two pan heads are arranged on a rotatable vertical shaft. The pressure of each group of press rolls is set separately.

Weitere Einzelheiten der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung werden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung beschrieben, die nur ein Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt.Further details of the device according to the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows only one embodiment.

Wie die Zeichnung zeigt, sind an einer Königswelle 30, die sich lotrecht aus einem Getriebegehäuse 1 nach oben erstreckt, eine untere Matrize 10 mit kegelförmigen Pressrollen 11 an einem unteren Kollerkopf 13 und eine obere Matrize 20 mit zylindrischen Pressrollen 21 an einem Kollerkopf 23 angeordnet. Die Matrizen 10, 20 werden durch z. B. Säulen 2 abgestützt. Die beiden Stufen der Vorrichtung sind durch Schutzhauben 3 umkleidet. Oben an der Schutzhaube 3 befindet sich ein Trichter 4, durch den das zu bearbeitende Material eingeworfen wird. Unter der unteren Matrize 10 ist ein Sammelraum 5 angeordnet, der die hergestellten Pellets aufnimmt und in dem eine Einrichtung zum Auswerfen angeordnet sein kann, die nicht dargestellt ist. Die Kollerköpfe 13, 23 werden durch Andrückeinrichtugnen 15, 25 gegen die Matrizen gedrückt. Die oberen Pressrollen 21 sind mittels Achsen 24 an dem oberen Kollerkopf 23 frei drehbar gelagert und werden durch die Reibung auf der Matrize bzw. an dem auf der Matrize liegenden, zu bearbeitenden Material gedreht. In gleicher Weise drehen sich die unteren Pressrollen 11 um Achsen 14, die in dem unteren Kollerkopf 13 befestigt sind. Die Achsen 14 sind enstprechend dem Kegelwinkel der Pressrollen 11 geneigt. Die obere Matrize 20 weist Durchgangslöcher 22 von verhältnismäßig großem Durchmesser auf. Sie dienen insbesondere zur Abgabe des vorzerkleinerten Materials aus der ersten Stufe durch die Matrize 20 in die zweite Stufe. Eine mögliche Verdichtung des Materials in den Durchgangslöchern 22 ist von untergeordneter Bedeutung, da die abgegebenen Pellets in der zweiten Stufe auf der Matrize 10 durch die Pressrollen 11 wieder zerstört werden. Hierbei findet eine weitere Zerkleinerung und Mischung des Materials statt. Das Material wird dann unter dem hohen Druck der Pressrollen 11 in die Eintrittsöffnungen der Durchgangslöcher 12 und durch diese hindurch gedrückt. In den Durchgangslöchern 12 wird das Material weiterverfestigt und verdichtet, so daß mit dem geringeren Durchmesser der Durchgangslöcher 12 geformte Pelletstränge extrudiert werden. Die Stränge zerbrechen zu einzelnen Pellets oder werden durch eine nicht eingezeichnete Schneideeinrichtung auf vorbestimmte Längen abgeschnitten. Vorzugsweise ist die Dicke der unteren Matrize 10 größer als die der oberen Matrize 20, um verhältnismäßig lange Presswege. die für eine ausreichende Festigkeit der Pellets zweckmäßig sind, zu erhalten, Durchmesser und Länge der oberen und unteren Durchgangslöcher werden so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß die Menge des vorzerkleinerten und vorverdichteten Materials, welche durchschnittlich durch die oberen Löcher 22 gelangt, nicht größer ist als die Menge, die durch die unteren Löcher 12 ausgestoßen wird.As the drawing shows, a lower die 10 with conical press rollers 11 on a lower pan head 13 and an upper die 20 with cylindrical press rollers 21 on a pan head 23 are arranged on a vertical shaft 30, which extends vertically from a gear housing 1. The matrices 10, 20 are by z. B. columns 2 supported. The two stages of the device are covered by protective hoods 3. At the top of the protective hood 3 there is a funnel 4 through which the material to be processed is thrown in. Arranged under the lower die 10 is a collecting space 5 which receives the pellets produced and in which a device for ejecting can be arranged, which is not shown. The pan heads 13, 23 are pressed against the matrices by pressing means 15, 25. The upper press rollers 21 are freely rotatably mounted on the upper pan head 23 by means of axes 24 and are rotated by the friction on the die or on the material to be processed lying on the die. In the same way, the lower press rollers 11 rotate about axes 14 which are fastened in the lower pan head 13. The axes 14 are inclined according to the cone angle of the press rollers 11. The upper die 20 has through holes 22 of relatively large diameter. They are used in particular to discharge the pre-shredded material from the first stage through the die 20 into the second stage. A possible compression of the material in the through holes 22 is of secondary importance, since the pellets dispensed in the second stage on the die 10 are destroyed again by the press rollers 11. This involves further shredding and mixing of the material. The material is then pressed under the high pressure of the press rollers 11 into and through the entry openings of the through holes 12. The material is further solidified and compressed in the through holes 12, so that pellet strands are extruded with the smaller diameter of the through holes 12. The strands break into individual pellets or are cut to predetermined lengths by a cutting device (not shown). Preferably, the thickness of the lower die 10 is greater than that of the upper die 20 by relatively long pressing distances. which are expedient for a sufficient strength of the pellets to be obtained, the diameter and length of the upper and lower through holes are coordinated with one another in such a way that the amount of the pre-comminuted and pre-compacted material, which averages through the upper Holes 22 passes, is not greater than the amount that is ejected through the lower holes 12.

Durch die vorgesehene Verbindung von zwei Stufen ist es möglich, Material ohne andere Vorbehandlung zu pelletieren das auch große und grobe Stücke enthält oder aus solchen besteht. Die Anordnung von zwei Kollergängen übereinander spart Investitionskosten, Aufstellungsplatz und Arbeit. Sie ermöglicht außerdem eine gleichmäßige Materialzuführung und einen gleichmäßigen Ausstoß.The proposed connection of two stages makes it possible to pelletize material that also contains or consists of large and coarse pieces without any other pretreatment. The arrangement of two pan aisles on top of each other saves investment costs, installation space and work. It also enables even material feed and output.

Die dargestellte Vorrichtung kann in verschiedenerweise abgewandeltwerden. So kann es beispielsweise vorteilhaft sein, die oberen Pressrollen mit Verzahnungen zu versehen, die in Verzahnungen auf der oberen Matrize eingreifen.The illustrated device can be modified in various ways. For example, it can be advantageous to provide the upper press rollers with teeth that engage teeth on the upper die.

Eine andere Abwandlung besteht darin, die Kollerköpfe an einer festen mittleren Säule anzuordnen und an dieser die Matrizen drehbar zu lagern und sie mit Antriebseinrichtungen an ihrem äußeren Umfang zu versehen. Je nach dem zu behandelnden Material, seinem Zustand nach der Vorbehandlung in der ersten Stufe und den gewünschten Eigenschaften der pellets sind die Matrizen bzw. deren Lochungen und die mit ihnen zusammenwirkenden zylindrischen oder kegelförmigen, gegebenenfalls mit Zähnen versehenen Presswalzen zu wählen. Eine zweistufige Pelletisierung kann auch bei einfach zu behandelndem Material vorteilhaft sein, um einen hohen Durchsatz bei guter Durchmischung zu erreichen.Another modification is to arrange the pan heads on a fixed central column and to rotatably support the matrices thereon and to provide them with drive devices on their outer circumference. Depending on the material to be treated, its state after the pretreatment in the first stage and the desired properties of the pellets, the dies or their perforations and the cylindrical or conical, optionally toothed press rolls that interact with them must be selected. A two-stage pelletization can also be advantageous with easy-to-treat material in order to achieve a high throughput with good mixing.

Gegenüber anderen Möglichkeiten einer Vorzerkleinerung von grobem Material führt die Behandlung in der ersten Stufe dazu, daß bei derZerkleinerung entstehende feine Partikel, Staub und sich etwa abscheidende Flüssigkeiten in den Ausgestoßenen lockeren Pellets verteilt sind und gebunden bleiben, bis das Material in der zweiten Stufe erneut bearbeitet wird.Compared to other possibilities of pre-comminution of coarse material, the treatment in the first stage leads to the fact that fine particles, dust and any liquids that separate out during the comminution are distributed in the discharged loose pellets and remain bound until the material is processed again in the second stage becomes.

Es ist zweckmäßig, die Behandlung auf der unteren Matrize bei einer bestimmten Temperatur vorzunehmen. So kann beispielsweise eine elektrische Heizung die Matrize wenigstens bei Inbetriebnahme der Vorrichtung auf die Arbeitstemperatur anwärmen, und die im Betrieb durch Reibung und Druck entstehende Wärme kann durch Kühlwasser teilweise abgeführt werden.It is advisable to carry out the treatment on the lower die at a certain temperature. For example, an electric heater can heat the die to the working temperature at least when the device is started, and the heat generated during operation by friction and pressure can be partially dissipated by cooling water.

Claims (1)

1. A pelletizing apparatus in which press rolls (11) dispsosed freely rotatable on a runner head (13) turn by the rotation of the runner head (13) relative to a die-plate (10) on the planar, punched die-plate (10), configurated so that the pelletizing apparatus is of two-stage design, in that two die-plates (10, 20) with the press rolls (11, 21) running thereon are disposed one above the other and in that the upper die-plate (20) has great passage holes (22) for loose strands of pellets of precrushed material, and that the lower die-plate (10) has smaller passage holes (12) which correspond to the dimensions and the compression of the pellets to be produced, characterized in that cylindric press rolls (21) turn on the upper die-plate (20) and conic press rolls (11) turn on the lower die-plate (10), in that the running heads (13, 23) of both groups of press rolls (11, 21) are driven by the same vertical shaft (30), in that both the upper and the lower press rolls (11, 21) can be pressed against the respective die-plates (10, 20) by separate means, and in that the lower die-plate (10) is provided with means for adjusting and maintaining an operational temperature.
EP84113947A 1983-11-25 1984-11-17 Two-stage pelletizing apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0143415B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84113947T ATE41356T1 (en) 1983-11-25 1984-11-17 TWO-STAGE PELLETING DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833342660 DE3342660A1 (en) 1983-11-25 1983-11-25 TWO STAGE PELLETIZING DEVICE
DE3342660 1983-11-25

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0143415A2 EP0143415A2 (en) 1985-06-05
EP0143415A3 EP0143415A3 (en) 1986-09-10
EP0143415B1 EP0143415B1 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0143415B2 true EP0143415B2 (en) 1992-05-20

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ID=6215256

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84113947A Expired - Lifetime EP0143415B2 (en) 1983-11-25 1984-11-17 Two-stage pelletizing apparatus

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0143415B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE41356T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3342660A1 (en)
DK (1) DK559184A (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DK559184D0 (en) 1984-11-23
DK559184A (en) 1985-05-26
ATE41356T1 (en) 1989-04-15
DE3342660A1 (en) 1985-06-05
EP0143415A2 (en) 1985-06-05
EP0143415B1 (en) 1989-03-15
DE3477158D1 (en) 1989-04-20
EP0143415A3 (en) 1986-09-10
DE3342660C2 (en) 1991-04-25

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